Browse Topic: Electronic equipment

Items (4,402)

Traction Voltage Level in Two-Wheelers: Considerations on Safety and Performance

2024-32-006204/18/2025

Most electric 2-wheelers on the market today seek to replace combustion engine vehicles from 50cc to 150cc which equates to an electric motor power between 2 and 12 kW. The traction voltage level of these vehicles is mostly between 44V and 96V. However, the actual choice of voltage on a specific vehicle seems to be arbitrary and higher voltage does not necessarily correlate with higher motor power. This paper seeks to highlight considerations and tradeoffs which feed the choice of traction voltage levels. Important criteria are electrical safety standards and their impact on vehicle electrical architecture, the performance and availability of key electronics parts such as capacitors, MOSFETs, and gate drivers, while also highlighting functional safety aspects. This paper shows by a comprehensive analysis of the motor drive that for the vehicle class mentioned above the traction voltage level can be kept below 60V without any performance impact, while also ensuring electrical and

Schmitt, Stefan

Effect of Mesopore Structure of Carbon Gel on Improving the Capacity of Electric Double-Layer Capacitors

2024-32-002604/18/2025

Electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) store charge by adsorbing ions at the electrode-electrolyte interface, offering fast charge/discharge rates, high power density, minimal heat generation, and long cycle life. These characteristics make EDLCs ideal for memory backup in electronic devices and power assistance in electric and hybrid vehicles. However, their energy density is lower than that of batteries, necessitating improvements in electrical capacity and potential. Traditionally, activated carbon with a high specific surface area has been used, but recent research focuses on mesoporous carbon materials for better ion diffusion. This study uses resorcinol-formaldehyde-carbon cryogel (RFCC) with mesopores and organic electrolytes with a wider electrochemical window. Various RFCCs with different pore sizes were synthesized and evaluated. Comprehensive investigations into the pore structures and surface properties of both synthesized carbon gels and commercial mesoporous materials

Cheng, Zairan, Okamura, Tsubasa, Ohnishi, Yuto, Nakagawa, Kiyoharu

IAQG-03282025-1

IAQG-03282025-1 (Current)04/02/2025

IAQG-03282025-1

IAQG-1 Standards Committee

How Will TSN Ethernet Impact the Future of Embedded Computing for Aerospace and Defense Applications?

25AERP03_0603/01/2025

Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) Ethernet is a real-time networking capability that is being developed by a growing number of embedded computing companies for the earliest stages of adoption by aerospace and defense manufacturers and their suppliers. According to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) TSN working group, it is a set of standards that provides deterministic connectivity within IEEE 802-aligned networks. Nigel Forrester is the Director of Product Strategy for Concurrent Technologies, a UK-based provider of high performance embedded computing solutions for aerospace, defense and many other industries. Check out our interview with Forrester about the potential impact of TSN Ethernet on new and legacy aerospace and defense applications, and how it is being adopted by manufacturers and system integrators below.

Bosch consolidates computing talent in new mobility division

21AUTP03_1101/27/2025

Bosch announced on January 7 during its CES 2021 conference event that it has created a new division labeled Cross-Domain Computing Solutions (CDCC). The CDCC division pools 17,000 of Bosch's automotive software and electronics associates to create a single source for software-intensive systems for future vehicle architectures. According to Bosch, the market for such systems is expected to grow 15% annually between now and 2030, and the organizational move is designed to extend the supplier's market-leading position. Bosch has assigned software, electrical and electronics engineers from the areas of driver assistance, automated driving, car multimedia, powertrain and body electronics to the new unit. “Bosch is an automotive electronics pioneer. Moreover, for quite some time now, it has also been a software company,” said Dr. Stefan Hartung, chairman of Bosch's Mobility Solutions business sector. “Only a company with wide-ranging electronics and software expertise will be in a position

Seredynski, Paul

Researchers Use Ancient Japanese Art Method to Create Tunable Antennas

TBMG-5212312/01/2024

Making a Material Difference in Aerospace & Defense Electronics

TBMG-5213712/01/2024

4D Printing of Shape Memory Polymers

TBMG-5219112/01/2024

Researchers have successfully demonstrated the four-dimensional (4D) printing of shape memory polymers in submicron dimensions that are comparable to the wavelength of visible light. 4D printing enables 3D-printed structures to change their configurations over time and is used in a variety of fields such as soft robotics, flexible electronics, and medical devices.

SAE TOMORROW TODAY UNPLUGGED: Can Autonomous Vehicles Eliminate Distracted Driving?

1346507/10/2024

Distracted driving is an epidemic that shows no signs of slowing down. But autonomous vehicles could be the cure. As NHTSA gets ready to publish new data on distracted driving, hear from Grayson Brulte, Host of SAE Tomorrow Today, on why the addiction to our smart phones must be dealt with--and how AVs can help. Have your own thoughts on this topic? We'd love to hear from you! Share your comments, questions or ideas for future topics with Grayson on Twitter or send them to podcast@sae.org.

Hineman, Marcie

An Efficient and Cost-Effective Solution for Battery Recycling

TBMG-5084906/01/2024

Used lithium-ion batteries from cell phones, laptops, and a growing number of electric vehicles are piling up, but options for recycling them remain limited mostly to burning or chemically dissolving shredded batteries. The current state of the art methods can pose environmental challenges and be difficult to make economical at the industrial scale.

Thermal Analysis of Components and Traces on Printed Circuit Boards

2024-26-027901/16/2024

High currents flowing through various traces of a printed circuit boards (PCB) causes thermal run away and PCB warpage due to the occurrence of high heat density. The present study discusses on a steady state thermal analysis performed on PCB. Thermal analysis allows PCB designer to quickly move and confirm the component’s placement by understanding the temperature plots of the PCB surface. A PCB particularly designed for automated manual transmission (AMT) application employed in Ashok Leyland trucks is used for this study. The board level simulations are performed with commercially available software Altair PollEx 2022.2. PollEx is a PCB level EDA (Electronic Design Automation) software suite used for design, analysis and manufacturing and thus helps in minimizing the development cycles. The simulations are performed for the worst case scenario and also for various application functions needs to be performed by the board. These simulations are time efficient as these are performed at

Rajasekharan, Jayakrishnan, Prasad, A. N. Suryanarayana, ML, Sankar. T

Automotive EMC Analysis of Touch Sensing IC

2024-26-035301/16/2024

The technology in the automotive industry is evolving rapidly in recent times. Thus, with the development of new technologies, the challenges are also ever-increasing from an Electromagnetic Interference and Susceptibility (EMI/EMC) perspective. A lot of the latest technologies in Adaptive Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), which include Rear Drive Assist, Blind Spot Detection (BSD), Lane Change Assist (LCA) to name a few, and other features like Anti-Braking System (ABS), Emergency Brake Assist (EBD) etc. rely heavily on different types of sensors and their detection circuitry. In addition, a lot of other internal functions in the Engine Control Unit (ECU) also depend on such sensors’ functionalities. Thus, it becomes imperative to study the potential impact of higher field emissions on the immunity behaviour of the sensors. In this paper, we will study the immunity behaviour of such an automotive capacitive touch-sensing integrated circuit (Microcontroller IC) and its impact on the

Boya, Vinay Kumar, Adhyapak, Anoop, Komma, Vineetha, sahoo, Manoranjan

A Novel Method to Select Hyperparameters of The DBSCAN Algorithm for RADAR Applications

2024-26-003001/16/2024

Abstract- As the automotive industry is coming up with various ADAS solutions, RADAR is playing an important role. There are many parameters concerning RADAR detections to acknowledge. Unsupervised Clustering methods are used for RADAR applications. DBSCAN clustering method which is widely used for RADAR applications. The existing clustering DBSCAN is not aligned very well with its hyperparameters such as epsilon (the radius within which each data point checks the density) and minimum points (minimum data points required within a circle to check for core point) for which a calibration is needed. In this paper, different methods to choose the hyperparameters of DBSCAN are compared and verified with different clustering evaluation criteria. A novel method to select hyperparameters of the DBSCAN algorithm is presented with the paper. For testing the given algorithm, ground truth data is collected, and the results are verified with MATLAB-Simulink. Keywords- (clustering, DBSCAN, DBSCAN

Payghan, Vaibhav Santosh, Prajapati, Miit, Chauhan, Abhisha

A Molecular-Sized, More Efficient Electronic Sensor

TBMG-4981301/01/2024

Australian researchers have developed a molecular-sized, more efficient version of a widely used electronic sensor, in a breakthrough that could bring widespread benefits.

Material Recognition Technology of Internal Loose Particles in Sealed Electronic Components Based on Random Forest

12/05/2023

Sealed electronic components are the basic components of aerospace equipment, but the issue of internal loose particles greatly increases the risk of aerospace equipment. Traditional material recognition technology has a low recognition rate and is difficult to be applied in practice. To address this issue, this article proposes transforming the problem of acquiring material information into the multi-category recognition problem. First, constructing an experimental platform for material recognition. Features for material identification are selected and extracted from the signals, forming a feature vector, and ultimately establishing material datasets. Then, the problem of material data imbalance is addressed through a newly designed direct artificial sample generation method. Finally, various identification algorithms are compared, and the optimal material identification model is integrated into the system for practical testing. The results show that the proposed material

Gao, Yajie, Wang, Guotao, Jiang, Aiping, Yan, Huizhen

A novel framework for accelerating EDU NVH simulation using scalable transfer functions and evaluating manufacturing defects through space order excitation

2025-01-004405/05/2023

In the ultra-luxury vehicle segment, achieving optimal NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) performance across a growing range of load cases in drive and regeneration conditions presents significant engineering challenges. As the complexity of load cases escalates with varying torque ripple and transmission errors, traditional time and frequency-domain simulations become computationally inefficient. To address these challenges, an in-house software framework that employs Noise Transfer Functions (NTFs) and Vibration Transfer Functions (VTFs) is developed. The system’s dynamic response is computed once and scaled to various excitation sources, which includes radial and tangential forces derived from EMAG simulations, and gear forces derived from MBS simulation. Speed sweep simulation is performed to systematically characterize the RPM range, allowing for precise scaling of the transfer function against the original forces to obtain the responses in mounts or microphones. The resulting

Sureshkumar, Sanjai, Shaw, Stephen, Qureshi, Manucher, Duclaux de L'Estoille, Nicolas

Characterize the Sound Field Generated from a Vehicle Horn by Pellicular Analysis

2025-01-005805/05/2023

To predict the sound field produced by a vehicle horn requires a good source representation of it in the full vehicle model. This paper investigates the characterization of a physical vehicle horn by an inverse method called pellicular analysis. To implement this method, firstly an acoustic testing is performed to measure the sound pressure radiated from the horn at a certain number of microphone locations in a free field environment. Based on the geometry of a virtual horn, the locations of each microphone and measured sound pressure data, pellicular analysis is adopted to recover a set of vibration pattern of the virtual horn. The virtual horn and the recovered vibration information are then incorporated in a full vehicle numerical model to simulate its exterior sound field. The validity of this approach is confirmed by comparing the prediction for a horn in a production vehicle to the corresponding physical test which is required to meet the Brazilian regulation CONTRAN 764/2018.

Yang, Wenlong, MELO, ANDRE

Excavator exterior noise contribution analysis using angle-based operational acoustic load synthesis.

2025-01-006205/05/2023

Since earth moving machines (EMM) are subject to exterior noise (EN) regulations, OEMs need to develop mitigation solutions from an early design stage. It is challenging to predict solution effectiveness at early design stage. Excavators are distinct compared to other EMM as their upper frame rotate while keeping lower frame fixed. ISO 6395(2) or EC/2000/14(1) require EMMs to follow specific operating maneuvers where noise sources change their position, directivity, and speed along the operating cycle. These conditions pose challenges in performing noise contribution analysis as a function of angular position and operating condition. Authors successfully demonstrated Acoustic source quantification and contribution analysis for linearly moving EMMs. However, excavator pose data processing challenges due to angular motion. This work demonstrates the use of frequency domain ASQ for operational acoustic source quantification and use of frequency domain virtual prototype sub structuring

Vesikar, Prasad Balkrishna, Haynes, Timothy, Aquino Arriaga, Adrian Antonio, Drabison II, John, Chaduvula, Prasanna

Comprehensive EV Sound Design project from Marketing Requirements to Series

2025-01-001805/05/2023

This paper presents the results of a project to design new comprehensive sound sets for several electric vehicle models having each specific branding expectations. This was achieved thanks to a close collaboration between one major Chinese electric vehicle manufacturer and an acoustic software provider, relying on shared experience, knowledge, and tools to meet the initial requirements set. Firstly, a scenarized journey and brand-related symbolism were defined and served as a basis for creating meaningful sketches of sound design in a cross-team effort (designers, NVH, production, audio system, etc.). Various sound functions were considered for exterior sounds, such as AVAS, and interior sounds, such as ambiance, HMI, and alarms. A special care was dedicated to the so-called Active Sound Design aiming at providing speed and acceleration feedback to the driver, in the absence of a clearly audible engine noise. A listening test was then conducted in order to assess how the proposed

LI, Yanhao, Minard, Antoine, Boussard, Patrick, Zhang, Charles

Active Control of Engine Order Noise for Heavy-duty Trucks: Using the Genetic Algorithm for the Optimization of Error Microphone Arrangement

2025-01-001305/05/2023

The arrangement of error microphones for a vehicle active noise control (ANC) system is no trivial work, especially for heavy-duty trucks due to the dilemma resulted from the large volume of the cab and the limited number of microphones accepted by most manufacturers in the auto industry. Most ANC developers resort to trial and error, which is not only a heavy workload given the amount of interested working conditions to be test, but also does not guarantee to yield the optimum noise cancellation performance. In this paper, the authors proposed an error microphone selection methodology using a genetic-algorithm (GA) -based mechanism. The target vehicle was a heavy-duty truck with a six-piston diesel engine, and two scenarios were particularly interested, i.e. driver & copilot and driver & one passenger sleeping on the berth. We first arranged eight microphones at different locations in the cab, five on the headrests, two on the B pillars and one at the head position of the sleeping

Wang PhD, Jian, Ling, Zihong, Zhang, Zhe, Cai, DeHua, lv, Xiao, Zhang, Ming, Gao, GuoRan

Active noise control with head tracking system

2025-01-001205/05/2023

In active noise control, the control region size(zone of control) decreases as the frequency increases, so that even a small moving of the passenger's head causes the ear position to go out of the control region. In order to increase the size of the control region, many speakers and microphones are generally required, but it is difficult to apply it in a vehicle cabin due to space and cost constraints. In this study, we propose moving zone of quite actvie noise control technique. An 2D images based head tracking system captured by a camera to generate the passenger's head coordinates in real time with deep learning algorithm. In the controller, the control position is moved to the ear position using a multi-point virtual microphone algorithm according to the generated ear position. After that, the multi-point adaptive filter training system applies the optimal control filter to the current position and maintains the control performance. Through this study, it is possible to secure the

A Study on the Subwoofer Rattle Noise Analysis and System Target Setting

2025-01-009005/05/2023

Rattle noise from electrical sound systems is becoming one of the prominent issues for automakers as it directly affects the perception of customers about vehicle quality. Recent times, quality sound system is prerequisite for automotive passenger vehicles. And, in the whole sound systems subwoofer forms dominant part of sound output. However, sub-woofer rattle noise problem sometimes occurs in small and midsize SUV. Generally, sub woofers are located inside rear quarter area (back side of the quarter panel), due to the limitation in the available space. Mainly rattle is noise resulting from physical impact of two parts due to vibrations when relative displacement is bigger than gap of two parts, it occurred in 50-100Hz, which is main excitation range of sub-woofer. In this study, we analyze the sub-woofer structural vibration analysis for five sample vehicles based on the test and correlation. However, the present sub-woofer system model has limitation in determining the level of this

Thota, Jagadeesh, Choi, Seungchan, Park, Jong-Suh

Localisation of Ultra-short Sound Emissions from Automotive Components by Using the Sound Field Scanning Method

2025-01-009205/05/2023

Design verification and quality control of automotive components require the analysis of the source location of ultra-short sound events, for instance the engaging event of an electromechanical clutch or the clicking noise of the aluminium frame of a passenger car seat under vibration. State-of-the-art acoustic cameras allow for a frame rate of about 100 acoustic images per second. Considering that most of the sound events introduced above can be far less than 10ms, an acoustic image generated at this rate resembles an hard-to-interpret overlay of multiple sources on the structure under test along with reflections from the surrounding test environment. This contribution introduces a novel method for visualizing impulse-like sound emissions from automotive components at 10x the frame rate of traditional acoustic cameras. A time resolution of less than 1ms eventually allows for the true localization of the initial and subsequent sound events as well as a clear separation of direct from

Rittenschober, Thomas

Immersion Cooling for Power Electronics

2022-28-044611/09/2022

The ability to precisely control electrical voltages on a large scale has made possible many efficient, powerful innovations, from high-speed electric trains to wind turbines to electric drive motors for everything from heavy earthmoving equipment to personal electric vehicles (EVs). But the equipment that manages this process — including power inverters, thyristors and variable-speed drives — requires high-performance power electronics cooling. As temperatures rise, the efficiency, reliability, and life spans of these devices drop, and the power electronics inside HEVs and EVs are no exception. Advancements in power electronic thermal management technologies will enable next generation automotive to fulfill increasingly demanding mission objectives. DC-DC converter and inverter systems slated for higher performances, reliable and sustainable applications. Even with very high efficiencies, the components of these systems produce kilowatts of power loss in the form of heat. The current

Wearables: Gold Sensor Performs On-Body Chemical Analysis

TBMG-4695611/01/2022

Liquid Metal Turns Motion into Electricity, Even Underwater

TBMG-4691311/01/2022

Why Cleanroom Assembly of Plastic Medical and Electronic Devices Requires Ultrasonic Welding Technology

TBMG-4646409/01/2022

For years, ultrasonic welding has been used in cleanrooms where plastic components are assembled to complete medical and electronic devices. That is unlikely to change. What is changing, however —rapidly — is the sophistication and complexity of these products and the level of precision and quality required to complete their assembly.

Researchers Develop Rapid Lab-on-a-Chip for Cancer, COVID Diagnostics

TBMG-4646209/01/2022

A research center based at the University of Kansas that develops rapid next-generation tests for a host of human ailments like cancer, stroke, and COVID-19 recently earned $6.6 million in continued funding over the next five years from the National Institutes of Health’s National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) as a National Biotechnology Resource (P41) Center.

Surface Mount Technology for PCB Assembly Use Case and SMT in Healthcare Systems

TBMG-4645809/01/2022

Surface mount technology (SMT) is widely accepted as the ideal process for electronic products that are compact, lightweight, and high speed. Both through-hole and surface mount assembly techniques have their own merits and demerits. To understand the wide usage of SMT in printed circuit board (PCB) assembly, this article discusses the SMT process, benefits of SMT assembly, major differences compared with the through-hole technology (THT) method, and suitable applications in the electronics industry.

NASA Goddard Space Communications Workshop Preview

TBMG-4641108/18/2022

Since the first satellite launched over six decades ago, spacecraft have relied on radio waves to communicate with Earth. But radio has its limitations. With more and more satellites now in space and entry of commercial players as well as the growing demand for space services, the field of space communications is primed for disruption.

Smart Molecules Act as Computer Transistors

TBMG-4597706/01/2022

Researchers have discovered a single-molecule switch that can act like a transistor and store binary information such as the 1s and 0s used in classical computing. The molecule is around five square nanometers in size — more than one billion of them would fit onto the cross-section of a human hair. The researchers believe that molecules like the ones they have discovered could offer information density of around 250 terabits per square inch, which is around 100 times the storage density of current hard drives.

Method for Performing Indirect Lightning Test Simulation

2022-26-118205/26/2022

From the statistics it has been observed that major qualification test failures in aerospace system are from lightning tests. These failures lead to major cost and schedule implications as fixing these issues later in the design usually requires a product re-spin. To avoid such failures, testing of critical interfaces using simulation allows engineers to investigate the behavior of the product/system in different scenarios and visualize the effect of these changes at an earlier stage in the design. Achieving this through simulation also eliminates the need of heavy costs associated with physical prototyping & testing. The existing simulation techniques use prebuilt & formula-based lightning waveform models and also do not take into consideration the end to end impedance characteristics like cable impedance, remote impedance, etc. With these available techniques, achieving results closer to practical scenarios is difficult. To overcome some of these challenges, this paper presents a

Rajeurs, Ajaypal, Gouda, Vidyadhar

jsintz e2e test 5/9

SAE-PP-0131805/09/2022

SintzUSER, Jeneane

SAE-PP-0131605/09/2022

Rickard, Christopher, SintzUSER, Jeneane

The Short-flight Alternative

22AVEP04_0804/01/2022

The Budget Airline Car is an EV alt-shuttle seating six adults, with luggage storage in each door. Short-haul airline flights can be a great convenience for travelers, but they produce more CO2 emissions - about 250 g/km per person - than any other form of passenger transportation, including compact EVs and electric trains. That's about 25% more emissions than long-haul flights, because short-hop flying uses proportionately more fuel at takeoff and landing. Could an automotive alternative offer a solution? That is what Car Design Research (CDR), a U.K.-based consultancy, set out to investigate, working with design associates Yichen Shu in China and Aditya Jangid in India. The resulting concept is the Budget Airline Car, one of six new passenger-vehicle types that CDR director Sam Livingston and his team feel would be enabled by new mobility technologies.

Sensors Integrated in Clothing Monitor Heart Rate

TBMG-4553304/01/2022

Stretchable, bendable “smart” textiles are poised to reshape clothes of all kinds, creating new opportunities for integrating advanced monitoring technologies into everyday items. Researchers are applying neuroscience and psychophysiology to build responsive technologies like those integrated in smart textiles. They found that wearable sensor systems don't seem to perform as well in monitoring heart rates as traditional electrodes.

SintzUSER, Jeneane

Automotive RADAR Sensor Modeling with Multi-scale Electromagnetic Field Solvers

2022-01-008103/29/2022

RADAR Sensors are going to be an integral part of autonomous vehicles. One of the main objectives of these sensors in autonomous vehicles is to get the doppler range profile for surrounding traffic. In this paper, we use a similar RADAR for ground speed sensing in the off-highway scenario. There are several challenges in integrating the RADAR sensor with vehicles such as sensor position from ground, location on vehicle, electromagnetic interference with other electronic devices, enclosure design etc. Ground conditions and properties are also critical in the off-highway scenario for speed sensing. We propose to use the physics based electromagnetic field solvers to understand and mitigate some of these challenges and speed up the design. Electromagnetic field solvers tend to scale poorly with distance of propagation, especially in 3D modeling. The computational cost increases dramatically, when wave propagation over multiple wavelengths is desired with FEM type solvers due to

Badgujar, Swapnil Eknathrao

Design of Smart Dual-Stage Battery Isolator for Commercial Vehicles

2022-01-086403/29/2022

The battery isolator is a pivotal safety component in the complete commercial vehicle electrical system and with the reinforcement in safety norms has witnessed several modifications over time. Generally mounted and operated within proximity of the vehicle battery bank, the latest safety norms demand its operation to be controlled remotely from the driver cabin with its operation switch in close vicinity of the driver. While this mandate improves the general accessibility and ease of use of the isolator, it also imposes new challenges to the newer and more sophisticated electronics control network demanded by the present ever stringent emission norms. Driven by habit and lack of knowledge in the composure of the vehicle control system, the human tendency inclines to use the isolator out of its intended utility zone- immediately, post ignition switch-off. While this habit seems innocuous at first glance, it imposes a detrimental impact on the vehicle controllers (ECU and Telematics) and

Saha, Satya, Gaurav, Kumar, Patidar, Rahul, Patra, Arka

Implementation of Ignition & Secure Locking System In Vehicles Using LiFi

2022-01-012803/29/2022

Automotive Industry is one among many Industries that are having a huge impact with respect to the growing technologies. The advancement has reached an extent where the ignition of a car can be achieved with a push-button and accessing a car can be done using a smart key. Some of the technologies used till date to achieve the same includes the usage of Radio Waves, which fall on the higher end of an electromagnetic spectrum. All of these have changed the way a vehicle is accessed. Most of the features used in Automotive industry makes use of radio frequency which leads to the requirement of heavy hardware. Here we would be utilizing the visible light from the electromagnetic spectrum for the communication between the user and the vehicle. This means of communication is called as Visible Light Communication (VLC). LiFi (Light Fidelity) is one among the many application that falls under VLC. LiFi (Light Fidelity) is high speed bidirectional networked and mobile communication of data

Prasad, Pavan Kumar, Sana, Iflaha

FOC Control Prototyping for H/W Engineers

2022-01-019303/29/2022

This article summarized the process of developing and verifying the brake system for 3-phase PMSM motor application required for 48V Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicle (MHEV) - 48V Integrated Dynamic Brake (IDB). This verification was started as a preliminary one for ecu hardware engineers because of difficulties that a long software development time would be required due to the change of a battery system and electronic devices. Contrary to the concern, the rapid prototyping of FOC control was possible using FOC layered software (abstraction) and the quick system test result was effective to find the hardware errors and reduce the development period of the 48V IDB.

Yoo, Minhye, Han, Steve

Research on electromagnetic shielding technology of military vehicle-mounted shelter based on material-structure co-design

2022-01-042603/29/2022

In order to meet the needs of modern warfare, the research on electromagnetic shielding technology of military vehicle-mounted shelters and improving the electromagnetic shielding performance of shelters will play an increasingly important role in the protection of advanced electronic equipment. At the same time, it is also the core of the development of military vehicle-mounted shelters. In this paper, by selecting and comparing different materials, using multi-layer composite materials to design the military vehicle-mounted shelter. The shelter body comprises a front wallboard, a rear wallboard, a left wallboard, a right wallboard, an upper wallboard and a lower wallboard. Each wallboard comprises an outer mask, a sandwich material layer and an inner mask in sequence from outside to inside; the outer masks and the inner masks are all metal shielding slabs or respectively comprise a metal shielding net, and different structures are used for the sandwich layer to construct a multi

Multi-objective Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control for Interior Permanent Magnet Motors in Electric/Hybrid-Electric Vehicle Applications

2022-01-041703/29/2022

The rapid growth of electric and hybrid-electric vehicles (EV/HEV) in the automotive industry has created a need for state-of-the-art technologies to improve their performance, reliability, and cost. EV/HEV powertrains include one or more electric motors to deliver power to the wheels and are essential components in the system. Therefore, it is imperative to develop suitable drive control methodologies that produce the required torque/speed demands and ensure safe and efficient operation under challenging circumstances. Two of the biggest concerns in electric motors and their inverter feeder are thermal cycling and overheating, which lead to component degradation and failures that increase maintenance frequency and reduce the vehicle’s overall lifespan. This study augments the finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) into a multi-objective methodology that includes electric power quality, inverter thermal cycling, and motor thermal efficiency. Suitable lumped-parameter

Badr, Payam R., Ozkan, Gokhan, Hoang, Phuong, Edrington, Christopher S., Parker, Tanner

Heatable Vehicle Glazing with Antennas

2022-01-014803/29/2022

In this paper, we propose a vehicle antenna system on a conductive heat reflecting window. A slot antenna in a heatable vehicle glazing established between the heating bus bar, bus bar extension and the peripheral edge of an electrically conductive IR reflective coating. The antenna slot may be fed directly by a voltage source, a current source, or a coupled coplanar line at a position to excite both fundamental and higher order modes for multiband antenna applications. The slot antenna can be also established between split heating bus bars or heating bus bar extension to reduces heat loss and improve antenna efficiency. Multiple antennas can be integrated into the heatable glazing for multiband applications and/or diversity antenna systems. Results from simulation on the vehicle are compared with measurements.

Direct Alert to In-Vehicle Infotainment (DAIVI)

2022-01-026203/29/2022

Nowadays, the mobile phone features are widely used by drivers to get the notifications and alerts on the head unit. However, there are no available products in the market to get important notifications in Head units without the use of mobile phones. There are many important notifications that are critical for a user when he is away from home. Some of them are alerts from home security systems, smoke and gas detection alarms etc. Most of the existing systems push alerts to customer mobile phones. In this paper, the authors propose a concept to direct the alerts to In-Vehicle Infotainment systems. Proposed here is a new approach, Direct Alert to In-Vehicle Infotainment (DAIVI), in which the infotainment head unit will be able to get the notification or alerts without using a mobile phone. The DAIVI complements the existing systems of alerts to the user by using in-vehicle infotainment for alerting on the critical issue.

Electromagnetic test setup best practices.

2022-01-015103/29/2022

Abstract The automotive industry has increased reliance on electronics technology and wireless communication systems and the demand for these systems are still increasing. With this demand there is a need to ensure these systems do not interfere with each other which may cause system performance degradation or even failure. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is a discipline that deals with interaction between electronic and wireless systems. During the EMC testing of an electronic component the environment of the component is represented to isolate the device under test (DUT) to determine the component’s EMC characteristics. Geometric aspects of an EMC test setup may impact test results without the knowledge of the test engineer. In this paper, electromagnetic simulation and measurement results will show the impact of one of the least obvious but most often experienced issues in an EMC setup – grounding. Grounding issues will be illustrated for low frequency magnetic field, radio

Sims, Douglas Andrew, Piper, Scott

A Comparison of Mobile Phone Lidar Capture and Established Ground based 3d Scanning Methodologies.

2022-01-098803/29/2022

Ground-based LiDAR using FARO 3d scanners and other brands of scanners have been shown to be an accurate way to capture the geometry of accident scenes, accident vehicles and exemplar vehicles, as well as corresponding evidence from these sources such as roadway gouge marks, vehicle crush depth, and burn areas. However, ground-based scanners do require expensive and larger equipment to be brought on-site, as well as other materials that may be required depending on the scenario. New technologies, such as Apple’s mobile phone LiDAR capture, have been released recently in their newer model phones, and they offer a chance to obtain similar results but with less cumbersome and less expensive equipment. This technology embeds photos with lidar data that can then be exported into point cloud data using different applications available in the app store. This paper will investigate the accuracy of Apple mobile phone LiDAR on obtaining geometry from multiple exemplar vehicles. This mobile LiDAR

Miller, Seth Higgins, Hashemian, Alireza, Gillihan, Robert, Helms, Ethan

SAE TOMORROW TODAY: The Enablers of Automation: Sensor Innovation from Spartan Radar

1317412/03/2021

Radar systems that use AI to dynamically and adaptively scan the environment based on changing conditions have been science-fact - not science-fiction - for more than a decade. But the current systems are just scratching the surface. Spartan Radar's Tyler Rather, Chief Technology Officer, and Robert Brown, Chief Strategy Officer, discuss their team's work to develop high-resolution radar AI that emulates human perception models and achieves lightning-fast processing and focus - and a revolutionary sensor fusion technology they believe could be as influential as Ford's Model T. Stay updated on the latest software innovations from Spartan Radar: https://spartanradar.com/

Hineman, Marcie

Rider State Monitoring for Attentiveness Detection for Enhanced Two-wheeler Safety

2021-26-002309/22/2021

Statistics report that one death occurs on Indian roads every three and a half minutes. With discussions on regulating new safety technologies like ABS, ESC, Advanced Rider Assistance Systems (ARAS) etc. for two-wheelers in India, the automotive industry has been grappling with challenges, in terms of developing cost-effective and innovative solutions adapted to regional market and its customers. Also, regulations that mandate the use of rider assistive technologies not only present opportunities to improve road safety, but also challenges for safe adoption and implementation. Distracted and inattentive riding is one of the major causes for severe road accidents in two-wheeler segments . The causes of distraction can be many - but the foremost one - as indicated by the accident data analysis - is the distraction due to mobile phones. Additionally, distracted riding might interfere with safe activation of ARAS functionalities that feature highly dynamic interventions, as the rider is

UdayaShankar, Ashrith, Damodharan, Suchitra, Notani, Vipul, Gopinath, Anjana, Aravind, V, Y P, Nithin, Rao, Aditya

TERMINALS, LUG AND SPLICES, CONDUCTOR, CRIMP STYLE, COPPER TERMINAL, LUG, CRIMP STYLE, COPPER, INSULATED, RING TONGUE, FOR THIN WALL WIRE, TYPE II CLASS 1 FOR 105 °C TOTAL CONDUCTOR TEMPERATURE

AS7928/1E (Current)09/21/2021

AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee

Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedures for Integrated Circuits - Integrated Circuit EMC Measurement Procedures - General and Definitions

J1752/1_202109 (Current)09/21/2021

This SAE Recommended Practice provides supporting information for the emission and immunity measurement procedures defined in the SAE J1752 series of documents.

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Standards

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