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Recent SAE Edge™ Research Reports

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Infrastructure Enablers for Automation: Vol. 2EPRCOMPV1020235/3/2024
ABSTRACT
Commercial Vehicles: Vol. 1EPRCOMPV1420235/3/2024
ABSTRACT
Legal Issues and Policy: Vol. 2EPRCOMPV1320235/3/2024
ABSTRACT
Sensors: Vol. 1EPRCOMPV1120235/3/2024
ABSTRACT
Key Technology Challenges of Electric Ducted Fan Propulsion Systems for eVTOLEPR202302711/22/2023
Electrical vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) vehicles for urban air mobility (UAM) are garnering increased attention from both the automotive and aerospace industries, with use cases ranging from individual transportation, public service, cargo delivery, and more. Distributed electric propulsion systems are their main technical feature; they determine vehicle size and propulsion efficiency and provide distributed thrust to achieve attitude control. Considering the intended role of eVTOL vehicles, ducted-fan systems are ideal choice for the propulsor, as the duct provides a physical barrier between the rotating blades and the human, especially during the take-off and landing phases. Key Technology Challenges of Electric Ducted Fan Propulsion Systems for eVTOL introduces the main bottlenecks and key enablers of ducted-fan propulsion systems for eVTOL applications. Based on the introduction and discussion of these important issues, this report will help eVTOL engineers understand the key technical issues and inspire them to develop the ideal solutions that will enable eVTOL vehicle deployment for UAM operations. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
The Adoption of Digital Twins in Integrated Vehicle Health ManagementEPR202302410/26/2023
To many, a digital twin offers “functionality,” or the ability to virtually rerun events that have happened on the real system and the ability to simulate future performance. However, this requires models based on the physics of the system to be built into the digital twin, links to data from sensors on the real live system, and sophisticated algorithms incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). All of this can be used for integrated vehicle health management (IVHM) decisions, such as determining future failure, root cause analysis, and optimized energy performance. All of these can be used to make decisions to optimize the operation of an aircraft—these may even extend into safety-based decisions. The Adoption of Digital Twins in Integrated Vehicle Health Management, however, still has a range of unsettled topics that cover technological reliability, data security and ownership, user presentation and interfaces, as well as certification of the digital twin’s system mechanics (i.e., AI, ML) for use in safety-critical applications. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Josh Test RecordEPR20230219/26/2023
Minimal data to cause taxonomy task
Plating, Nickel-Thallium-Boron or Nickel-Boron Electroless DepositionAMS2433D3/10/2021
This specification covers the requirements for an electroless nickel-thallium-boron or nickel-boron, deposit on various substrates.
Unsettled Topics Concerning Automated Driving Systems and the Development Ecosystem SAAS Demo 10-17-23EPR20200043/17/2020
With over 100 years of operation, the current automobile industry has settled into an equilibrium with the development of methodologies, regulations, and processes for improving safety. In addition, a nearly $2-trillion market operates in the automotive ecosystem with connections into fields ranging from insurance to advertising. Enabling this ecosystem is a well-honed, tiered supply chain and an established development environment. Autonomous vehicle (AV) technology is a leap forward for the existing automotive industry; now the automobile is expected to manage perception and decision-making tasks. The safety technologies associated with these tasks were presented in an earlier SAE EDGE™ Research Report, “Unsettled Technology Areas in Autonomous Vehicle Test and Validation.” In a later SAE EDGE™ Research Report, “Unsettled Topics Concerning Automated Driving Systems and the Transportation Ecosystem,” senior executives from the automotive ecosystem explored the impact of AV technology as they faced the prospect of this disruptive technology entering their marketplace. Interestingly, stable use-models and market penetration were all gated primarily by the demonstration of AV safety. Building on these previous verification and validation (V&V)-related reports, “Unsettled Topics Concerning Automated Driving Systems and the Development Ecosystem” explores the open issues in the shift of the development and supplier environment toward a new AV-enabled future. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny.
Unsettled Legal Issues Facing Automated VehiclesEPR20200052/28/2020
This SAE EDGE Research Report explores the many legal issues raised by the advent of automated vehicles. While promised to bring major changes to our lives, there are significant legal challenges that have to be overcome before they can see widespread use. A century’s worth of law and regulation were written with only human drivers in mind, meaning they have to be amended before machines can take the wheel. Everything from key federal safety regulations down to local parking laws will have to shift in the face of AVs. This report undertakes an examination of the AV laws of Nevada, California, Michigan, and Arizona, along with two failed federal AV bills, to better understand how lawmakers have approached the technology. States have traditionally regulated a great deal of what happens on the road, but does that still make sense in a world with AVs? Would the nascent AV industry be able to survive in a world with fifty potential sets of rules? Given the current lack of a federal AV law, state-level legislation can have a great deal of influence over the industry. Beyond government regulation, what other areas of our legal system will have to adapt to AVs? How do we assign liability for an accident in which the only actors were machines? How do you give an AV a ticket? The questions are numerous and have already captured the imagination of lawyers and lawmakers. This report will explore a number of potential changes facing the legal system, the unsettled aspects that derive from this new world, and the proposed solutions that have been raised. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny.

Latest Journal Issues

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journaldocument2
journaldocument2
title
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Stapp Car Crash Journal
Stapp Car Crash Journal
Passenger Vehicle Systems
SAE International Journal of Passenger Vehicle Systems
Electrified Vehicles
SAE International Journal of Electrified Vehicles
Advances and Current Practices in Mobility
SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility
Sustainable Transportation, Energy, Environment, & Policy
SAE International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, Energy, Environment, & Policy
Connected and Automated Vehicles
SAE International Journal of Connected and Automated Vehicles
Transportation Cybersecurity and Privacy
SAE International Journal of Transportation Cybersecurity and Privacy
Vehicle Dynamics, Stability, and NVH
SAE International Journal of Vehicle Dynamics, Stability, and NVH
Transportation Safety
SAE International Journal of Transportation Safety
Alternative Powertrains
SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains
Commercial Vehicles
SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles
Fuels and Lubricants
SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants
Materials and Manufacturing
SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing

Recent Books

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Analysis Techniques for Racecar Data Acquisition [mms update 07.03.25]R-367To be published on 03/22/2099
Data acquisition has become an invaluable tool for establishing racecar - and car/driver - performance. Now that the ability exists to analyze each and every performance parameter for car and driver, accurate use of this data can provide a key advantage on the racetrack. This book provides a thorough overview of the varied methods for analyzing racecar data acquisition system outputs, with a focus on vehicle dynamics.
This is a new bookMMS-BOOK-0017/9/2025
A book about nothing
This is a book title - updatedEXAMPLE-BOOK5/22/2025
We have an abstract!
Example/Book: A Semiotic Journey Through Simulated RealitiesEXAMPLE/BOOK5/22/2025
In Example/Book, celebrated meta-narrative theorist Ellory Venn crafts a dazzling labyrinth of story and simulation. Ostensibly a guide to writing guides, this fictional "book within a book" explores what it means to create meaning in a world increasingly defined by artificial constructs. Blending speculative fiction, surreal philosophy, and academic satire, Example/Book follows a nameless compiler as they attempt to assemble the definitive manual on manuals, only to discover that the structure of their own reality is fractal, recursive, and entirely unreliable. A postmodern meditation on authorship, identity, and the limits of language, Example/Book challenges readers to consider: what happens when the example becomes the origin, and the book begins to write itself?
Basic Science and Art of Aircraft Wreckage ReconstructionR-4804/23/2025
Basic Science and Art of Aircraft Wreckage Reconstruction is a unique title which addresses important aspects of investigating crashes, who does this kind of work, and how a healthy attitude and open mind are required to properly perform investigations. It also discusses what to expect from the on-scene part of the investigation, and the fundamental approaches to common types of wreckage reconstruction. Written by Don Knutson, a veteran of this industry, Basic Science and Art of Aircraft Wreckage Reconstruction is intended for the practitioner, student, or those who are simply curious about how aircraft wreckage is reconstructed. Full references are provided in the various chapters for additional reading and research. Many examples of aircraft crash scenarios and circumstances are presented in a "generic" form but relate to actual investigations, which should prove as a useful investigative resource whether you are an apprentice or an experience professional with a government aviation agency (NTSB, AAIB, FAA, etc.), an aircraft/engine/component manufacturer, military branch, insurance company, law enforcement agency, or a law firm. Basic Science and Art of Aircraft Wreckage Reconstruction is a must-read book for all who are passionate about the subject and want to understand how this activity actually happens in the field.
Additive Manufacturing in the Mobility Industry: Vol. 1EPRCOMPV0120234/15/2024
Additive Manufacturing in the Mobility Industry: Vol. 2EPRCOMPV0220234/15/2024
Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook - 17B-9897/4/2022
The Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization MMPDS-17 supersedes MMPDS-16 and prior editions of the MMPDS Handbook as well as all editions of MIL-HDBK-5, Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicle Structures Handbook that was maintained by the U.S. Air Force. The last edition, MIL-HDBK-5J was cancelled by the U.S. Air Force in March 2006. This document contains design information on the mechanical and physical properties of metallic materials and joints commonly used in aircraft and aerospace vehicle structures. All information contained in this Handbook has been reviewed and approved using a standardized process. The development and ongoing maintenance process involves certifying agencies, including the FAA, DoD, and NASA, and major material suppliers and material users worldwide. The information and procedures in this Handbook are continuously reviewed and modified or removed as determined to be appropriate. With advances in materials and fastener systems, and with the review process of existing information, periodic updates of the MMPDS should be expected. As such, it is recommended that the latest version of the MMPDS be used.
Project Management for Mobility Engineers: Principles and Case StudiesR-4703/17/2020
Project Management for Mobility Engineers: Principles and Case Studies provides the latest training, workshops and support consultation to Design and Development companies to optimize their New Product Development (NPD) strategies, organizational structures, and Design Document Management Systems to respond to the fast-paced and ever evolving demands and challenges facing today's mobility companies.
McLaren: The Engine CompanyR-4853/13/2020
McLaren: The Engine Company is the previously untold story of McLaren Engines, an American company founded in 1969 by Bruce McLaren and his partners to build engines for McLaren's legendary Can-Am and Indy Cars. From this base in suburban Detroit were born the mighty big-block Chevrolet V8s that powered the iconic orange cars to two of their five consecutive Cam-Am championships. McLaren's busy dyno rooms also spawned the howling turbo Offenhausers that put Mark Donohue and Johnny Rutherford in Victory Lane at Indianapolis three times between 1972 and 1976. For decades this non-descript shop was the hotbed of horsepower for factories and top independents alike. McLaren Engines developed the turbocharged Cosworth DFV Formula 1 engine that powered Indy cars for both Team McLaren and Penske Racing. It rendered BMW's turbo engine for U.S. IMSA racing that later became BMW's Formula 1 weapon. The long list of race engines developed here powered Buick Indy and IMSA cars, BMW GTP cars, Cadillac LeMans prototypes, Porsche Trans-Am 944s and David Hobbs' F5000 single seaters. There were McLaren-built big-block turbo V8s for offshore boat racing and even a Cosworth-Vega engine for American dirt tracks! Author Roger Meiners combines his life-long passion for motor racing and technology with his historian's sensibilities to make the engines, cars, and key personalities come alive within this book's pages. Ride along with Meiners as he uncovers little-known details of the company's transition from a race shop to an engineering company, developing lust-worthy performance cars such as the sensational 1987 Buick GNX, the 1989 Pontiac Grand Prix Turbo, the FR500 Ford Mustang concept, and other projects that the public never saw. Today the company, known as McLaren Engineering, is a subsidiary of Canada-based Linamar Corporation, and is sought after by global automakers for its unrivaled testing, development and manufacturing capability.

Recently Published

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Fuel Cell Vehicle TerminologyJ1901262_202609 (Current)9/2/2026
This SAE Information Report contains definitions for hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicle terminology. It is intended that this document be a resource for those writing other hydrogen fuel cell vehicle documents, specifically, Standards or Recommended Practices.
Active Safety Systems Standards Committee
Fuel Cell Vehicle TerminologyAIRT83262 (Current)8/31/2026
This SAE Information Report contains definitions for hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicle terminology. It is intended that this document be a resource for those writing other hydrogen fuel cell vehicle documents, specifically, Standards or Recommended Practices.
A-20 Aircraft Lighting Steering Committee
Fuel Cell Vehicle TerminologyAIRT83262A (Historical)8/31/2026
This SAE Information Report contains definitions for hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicle terminology. It is intended that this document be a resource for those writing other hydrogen fuel cell vehicle documents, specifically, Standards or Recommended Practices.
A-20 Aircraft Lighting Steering Committee
FITTING, CROSS, PIPE, INTERNAL THREADMS1255_202608 (Current)8/21/2026
Wiper Standards Committee
Fuel Cell Vehicle TerminologyJ300_202608 (Current)8/18/2026
This SAE Information Report contains definitions for hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicle terminology. It is intended that this document be a resource for those writing other hydrogen fuel cell vehicle documents, specifically, Standards or Recommended Practices.
Fuels and Lubricants TC 1 Engine Lubrication
Fuel Cell Vehicle TerminologyAIR4777D (Current)8/18/2026
This SAE Information Report contains definitions for hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicle terminology. It is intended that this document be a resource for those writing other hydrogen fuel cell vehicle documents, specifically, Standards or Recommended Practices.
A-5A Wheels, Brakes and Skid Controls Committee
J1979-DA, Digital Annex of E/E Diagnostic Test ModesJ1979DA_202608 (Current)8/6/2026
On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) regulations require passenger cars, and light and medium duty trucks, to support communication of a minimum set of diagnostic information to off-board “generic” test equipment. This document specifies the diagnostic data which may be required to be supported by motor vehicles and external test equipment for diagnostic purposes which pertain to motor vehicle emission-related data. SAE J1979 was originally developed to meet U.S. OBD requirements for 1996 and later model year vehicles. ISO 15031 5 was based on SAE J1979 and was intended to combine the U.S. requirements with European OBD requirements for 2000 and later model year vehicles.
Vehicle E E System Diagnostic Standards Committee
Fuel Cell Vehicle TerminologyARP1283D (Current)8/5/2026
This SAE Information Report contains definitions for hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicle terminology. It is intended that this document be a resource for those writing other hydrogen fuel cell vehicle documents, specifically, Standards or Recommended Practices.
A-20C Interior Lighting - Test
Fuel Cell Vehicle TerminologyAS521A (Current)8/5/2026
This SAE Information Report contains definitions for hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicle terminology. It is intended that this document be a resource for those writing other hydrogen fuel cell vehicle documents, specifically, Standards or Recommended Practices.
AE-1 Engine Accessory Installations Committee
Fuel Cell Vehicle TerminologyJ1535_202608 (Current)8/5/2026
This SAE Information Report contains definitions for hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicle terminology. It is intended that this document be a resource for those writing other hydrogen fuel cell vehicle documents, specifically, Standards or Recommended Practices.
HFTC6, Operator Accommodation
Fuel Cell Vehicle TerminologyAMS5770E (Current)8/5/2026
This SAE Information Report contains definitions for hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicle terminology. It is intended that this document be a resource for those writing other hydrogen fuel cell vehicle documents, specifically, Standards or Recommended Practices.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
FITTING, CROSS, PIPE, INTERNAL THREADALT_AMSOIL01 (Current)8/4/2026
A-20B Exterior Lighting Committee
Design Criteria and Certification for OEM Mobile Air Conditioning Evaporator and Service ReplacementsJ2842_202608 (Current)8/4/2026
The intent of this standard is to establish a framework to assure that all evaporators conforming to its requirements demonstrate an acceptable health and safety environment for vehicle occupants as determined from the completed risk assessment. R-744 and low pressure (i.e., non-transcritical refrigerants with a critical temperature between 85 and 120 °C) mobile air conditioning (MAC) refrigerant evaporators shall meet the testing and labeling requirements of this standard. SAE J639 contains a list of all refrigerants considered acceptable for use in mobile thermal systems for which this standard applies when the refrigerant is used in a direct expansion architecture. SAE J639 also requires an assessment to be performed to minimize reasonable risks in MAC systems. The evaporator (as designed and manufactured) shall be part of that risk assessment, and it is the responsibility of the vehicle manufacturer to ensure all relevant aspects of the evaporator are included. It is the responsibility of all vehicle or evaporator manufacturers to comply with the standards of this document at a minimum. (Substitution of specific test procedures by vehicle manufacturers that correlate well to field return data is acceptable.) As appropriate, this standard can be used as a guide to support risk assessments. With regard to certification, most vehicle manufacturers have established formal production part approval processes (PPAP) where compliance certification is established and formally documented. For an evaporator manufacturer of non-original equipment parts (or a vehicle manufacturer that does not have a formal part compliance certification process), then the certification described in this standard is the requirement to which those evaporators shall comply. In this case, the evaporator manufacturer or an independent institution shall complete the evaporator certification according to SAE J2911. An example of the latter would be the completion of witness testing by the evaporator manufacturer with the submission of certification documents by the witness organization. This standard originated for the introduction of R-1234yf. The content is based upon the associated 2011 Risk Assessment with input from five OEM evaporator manufacturers. R-744 was included as its requirements were understood in 2011. Refrigerant R-152a was excluded from this standard because a single secondary loop refrigerant system is required. This standard also does not apply to R-134a refrigerant evaporators because it is proven in use.
Interior Climate Control MAC Supplier Committee
Flux, Silver Brazing High TemperatureAMS3411E (Current)8/4/2026
This specification covers a silver brazing flux in the form of paste.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
COUPLING, V-RETAINER, DOUBLE LATCH, TYPE I STANDARD PROFILE 6.50 TO 7.50 DIAMETERAS1895/25 (Current)8/4/2026
AMS AMEC Aerospace Metals and Engineering Committee
Guidelines for Aerodynamic Assessment of Medium and Heavy Commercial Ground Vehicles Using Computational Fluid DynamicsJ2966_202608 (Current)8/4/2026
This document outlines general requirements for the use of CFD methods for aerodynamic simulation of medium and heavy commercial ground vehicles weighing more than 10000 pounds. The document provides guidance for aerodynamic simulation with CFD methods to support current vehicle characterization, vehicle development, vehicle concept development, and vehicle component development. The guidelines presented in the document are related to Navier-Stokes and Lattice-Boltzmann based solvers. This document is only valid for the classes of CFD methods and applications mentioned. Other classes of methods and applications may or may not be appropriate to simulate the aerodynamics of medium and heavy commercial ground vehicle weighing more than 10000 pounds.
Truck and Bus Aerodynamics and Fuel Economy Committee
Fuel Cell Vehicle TerminologyARPT7101A (Current)8/3/2026
This SAE Information Report contains definitions for hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicle terminology. It is intended that this document be a resource for those writing other hydrogen fuel cell vehicle documents, specifically, Standards or Recommended Practices.
A-20B Exterior Lighting Committee
Fuel Cell Vehicle TerminologyJ2788_202608 (Current)8/3/2026
This SAE Information Report contains definitions for hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicle terminology. It is intended that this document be a resource for those writing other hydrogen fuel cell vehicle documents, specifically, Standards or Recommended Practices.
Interior Climate Control Service Committee
SMCCMS999 (Current)7/24/2026
Scope
G-33 Configuration Management
Provisions of Medical Oxygen for Aircraft OccupantsAIR6190 (Current)7/23/2026
This document provides information on provisions for passengers with disabilities on board commercial aircraft. In this context the term "provision of medical oxygen" shall be understood as application of oxygen on board an aircraft not linked to (post) decompression in the sense of Airworthiness Requirements FAR/CS 25 and Operational Regulations of FAR 121/135. Information about available equipment and physiological treatment in clinical practice will be provided in this document. It covers the use of oxygen concentrators according to guidance of FAR Advisory Circular AC120-95.
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
Wheel AdjustmentAIR1001 (Current)7/23/2026
Scope of WA
A-20C Interior Lighting - Test