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Recent SAE Edge™ Research Reports

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Infrastructure Enablers for Automation: Vol. 2EPRCOMPV1020235/3/2024
ABSTRACT
Commercial Vehicles: Vol. 1EPRCOMPV1420235/3/2024
ABSTRACT
Legal Issues and Policy: Vol. 2EPRCOMPV1320235/3/2024
ABSTRACT
Sensors: Vol. 1EPRCOMPV1120235/3/2024
ABSTRACT
Key Technology Challenges of Electric Ducted Fan Propulsion Systems for eVTOLEPR202302711/22/2023
Electrical vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) vehicles for urban air mobility (UAM) are garnering increased attention from both the automotive and aerospace industries, with use cases ranging from individual transportation, public service, cargo delivery, and more. Distributed electric propulsion systems are their main technical feature; they determine vehicle size and propulsion efficiency and provide distributed thrust to achieve attitude control. Considering the intended role of eVTOL vehicles, ducted-fan systems are ideal choice for the propulsor, as the duct provides a physical barrier between the rotating blades and the human, especially during the take-off and landing phases. Key Technology Challenges of Electric Ducted Fan Propulsion Systems for eVTOL introduces the main bottlenecks and key enablers of ducted-fan propulsion systems for eVTOL applications. Based on the introduction and discussion of these important issues, this report will help eVTOL engineers understand the key technical issues and inspire them to develop the ideal solutions that will enable eVTOL vehicle deployment for UAM operations. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
The Adoption of Digital Twins in Integrated Vehicle Health ManagementEPR202302410/26/2023
To many, a digital twin offers “functionality,” or the ability to virtually rerun events that have happened on the real system and the ability to simulate future performance. However, this requires models based on the physics of the system to be built into the digital twin, links to data from sensors on the real live system, and sophisticated algorithms incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). All of this can be used for integrated vehicle health management (IVHM) decisions, such as determining future failure, root cause analysis, and optimized energy performance. All of these can be used to make decisions to optimize the operation of an aircraft—these may even extend into safety-based decisions. The Adoption of Digital Twins in Integrated Vehicle Health Management, however, still has a range of unsettled topics that cover technological reliability, data security and ownership, user presentation and interfaces, as well as certification of the digital twin’s system mechanics (i.e., AI, ML) for use in safety-critical applications. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Josh Test RecordEPR20230219/26/2023
Minimal data to cause taxonomy task
Plating, Nickel-Thallium-Boron or Nickel-Boron Electroless DepositionAMS2433D3/10/2021
This specification covers the requirements for an electroless nickel-thallium-boron or nickel-boron, deposit on various substrates.
Unsettled Topics Concerning Automated Driving Systems and the Development Ecosystem SAAS Demo 10-17-23EPR20200043/17/2020
With over 100 years of operation, the current automobile industry has settled into an equilibrium with the development of methodologies, regulations, and processes for improving safety. In addition, a nearly $2-trillion market operates in the automotive ecosystem with connections into fields ranging from insurance to advertising. Enabling this ecosystem is a well-honed, tiered supply chain and an established development environment. Autonomous vehicle (AV) technology is a leap forward for the existing automotive industry; now the automobile is expected to manage perception and decision-making tasks. The safety technologies associated with these tasks were presented in an earlier SAE EDGE™ Research Report, “Unsettled Technology Areas in Autonomous Vehicle Test and Validation.” In a later SAE EDGE™ Research Report, “Unsettled Topics Concerning Automated Driving Systems and the Transportation Ecosystem,” senior executives from the automotive ecosystem explored the impact of AV technology as they faced the prospect of this disruptive technology entering their marketplace. Interestingly, stable use-models and market penetration were all gated primarily by the demonstration of AV safety. Building on these previous verification and validation (V&V)-related reports, “Unsettled Topics Concerning Automated Driving Systems and the Development Ecosystem” explores the open issues in the shift of the development and supplier environment toward a new AV-enabled future. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny.
Unsettled Legal Issues Facing Automated VehiclesEPR20200052/28/2020
This SAE EDGE Research Report explores the many legal issues raised by the advent of automated vehicles. While promised to bring major changes to our lives, there are significant legal challenges that have to be overcome before they can see widespread use. A century’s worth of law and regulation were written with only human drivers in mind, meaning they have to be amended before machines can take the wheel. Everything from key federal safety regulations down to local parking laws will have to shift in the face of AVs. This report undertakes an examination of the AV laws of Nevada, California, Michigan, and Arizona, along with two failed federal AV bills, to better understand how lawmakers have approached the technology. States have traditionally regulated a great deal of what happens on the road, but does that still make sense in a world with AVs? Would the nascent AV industry be able to survive in a world with fifty potential sets of rules? Given the current lack of a federal AV law, state-level legislation can have a great deal of influence over the industry. Beyond government regulation, what other areas of our legal system will have to adapt to AVs? How do we assign liability for an accident in which the only actors were machines? How do you give an AV a ticket? The questions are numerous and have already captured the imagination of lawyers and lawmakers. This report will explore a number of potential changes facing the legal system, the unsettled aspects that derive from this new world, and the proposed solutions that have been raised. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny.

Latest Journal Issues

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journaldocument2
journaldocument2
title
title
Stapp Car Crash Journal
Stapp Car Crash Journal
Passenger Vehicle Systems
SAE International Journal of Passenger Vehicle Systems
Electrified Vehicles
SAE International Journal of Electrified Vehicles
Advances and Current Practices in Mobility
SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility
Sustainable Transportation, Energy, Environment, & Policy
SAE International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, Energy, Environment, & Policy
Connected and Automated Vehicles
SAE International Journal of Connected and Automated Vehicles
Transportation Cybersecurity and Privacy
SAE International Journal of Transportation Cybersecurity and Privacy
Vehicle Dynamics, Stability, and NVH
SAE International Journal of Vehicle Dynamics, Stability, and NVH
Transportation Safety
SAE International Journal of Transportation Safety
Alternative Powertrains
SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains
Commercial Vehicles
SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles
Fuels and Lubricants
SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants
Materials and Manufacturing
SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing

Recent Books

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Analysis Techniques for Racecar Data Acquisition [mms update 07.03.25]R-367To be published on 03/22/2099
Data acquisition has become an invaluable tool for establishing racecar - and car/driver - performance. Now that the ability exists to analyze each and every performance parameter for car and driver, accurate use of this data can provide a key advantage on the racetrack. This book provides a thorough overview of the varied methods for analyzing racecar data acquisition system outputs, with a focus on vehicle dynamics.
This is a new bookMMS-BOOK-0017/9/2025
A book about nothing
This is a book title - updatedEXAMPLE-BOOK5/22/2025
We have an abstract!
Example/Book: A Semiotic Journey Through Simulated RealitiesEXAMPLE/BOOK5/22/2025
In Example/Book, celebrated meta-narrative theorist Ellory Venn crafts a dazzling labyrinth of story and simulation. Ostensibly a guide to writing guides, this fictional "book within a book" explores what it means to create meaning in a world increasingly defined by artificial constructs. Blending speculative fiction, surreal philosophy, and academic satire, Example/Book follows a nameless compiler as they attempt to assemble the definitive manual on manuals, only to discover that the structure of their own reality is fractal, recursive, and entirely unreliable. A postmodern meditation on authorship, identity, and the limits of language, Example/Book challenges readers to consider: what happens when the example becomes the origin, and the book begins to write itself?
Basic Science and Art of Aircraft Wreckage ReconstructionR-4804/23/2025
Basic Science and Art of Aircraft Wreckage Reconstruction is a unique title which addresses important aspects of investigating crashes, who does this kind of work, and how a healthy attitude and open mind are required to properly perform investigations. It also discusses what to expect from the on-scene part of the investigation, and the fundamental approaches to common types of wreckage reconstruction. Written by Don Knutson, a veteran of this industry, Basic Science and Art of Aircraft Wreckage Reconstruction is intended for the practitioner, student, or those who are simply curious about how aircraft wreckage is reconstructed. Full references are provided in the various chapters for additional reading and research. Many examples of aircraft crash scenarios and circumstances are presented in a "generic" form but relate to actual investigations, which should prove as a useful investigative resource whether you are an apprentice or an experience professional with a government aviation agency (NTSB, AAIB, FAA, etc.), an aircraft/engine/component manufacturer, military branch, insurance company, law enforcement agency, or a law firm. Basic Science and Art of Aircraft Wreckage Reconstruction is a must-read book for all who are passionate about the subject and want to understand how this activity actually happens in the field.
Additive Manufacturing in the Mobility Industry: Vol. 1EPRCOMPV0120234/15/2024
Additive Manufacturing in the Mobility Industry: Vol. 2EPRCOMPV0220234/15/2024
Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook - 17B-9897/4/2022
The Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization MMPDS-17 supersedes MMPDS-16 and prior editions of the MMPDS Handbook as well as all editions of MIL-HDBK-5, Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicle Structures Handbook that was maintained by the U.S. Air Force. The last edition, MIL-HDBK-5J was cancelled by the U.S. Air Force in March 2006. This document contains design information on the mechanical and physical properties of metallic materials and joints commonly used in aircraft and aerospace vehicle structures. All information contained in this Handbook has been reviewed and approved using a standardized process. The development and ongoing maintenance process involves certifying agencies, including the FAA, DoD, and NASA, and major material suppliers and material users worldwide. The information and procedures in this Handbook are continuously reviewed and modified or removed as determined to be appropriate. With advances in materials and fastener systems, and with the review process of existing information, periodic updates of the MMPDS should be expected. As such, it is recommended that the latest version of the MMPDS be used.
Project Management for Mobility Engineers: Principles and Case StudiesR-4703/17/2020
Project Management for Mobility Engineers: Principles and Case Studies provides the latest training, workshops and support consultation to Design and Development companies to optimize their New Product Development (NPD) strategies, organizational structures, and Design Document Management Systems to respond to the fast-paced and ever evolving demands and challenges facing today's mobility companies.
McLaren: The Engine CompanyR-4853/13/2020
McLaren: The Engine Company is the previously untold story of McLaren Engines, an American company founded in 1969 by Bruce McLaren and his partners to build engines for McLaren's legendary Can-Am and Indy Cars. From this base in suburban Detroit were born the mighty big-block Chevrolet V8s that powered the iconic orange cars to two of their five consecutive Cam-Am championships. McLaren's busy dyno rooms also spawned the howling turbo Offenhausers that put Mark Donohue and Johnny Rutherford in Victory Lane at Indianapolis three times between 1972 and 1976. For decades this non-descript shop was the hotbed of horsepower for factories and top independents alike. McLaren Engines developed the turbocharged Cosworth DFV Formula 1 engine that powered Indy cars for both Team McLaren and Penske Racing. It rendered BMW's turbo engine for U.S. IMSA racing that later became BMW's Formula 1 weapon. The long list of race engines developed here powered Buick Indy and IMSA cars, BMW GTP cars, Cadillac LeMans prototypes, Porsche Trans-Am 944s and David Hobbs' F5000 single seaters. There were McLaren-built big-block turbo V8s for offshore boat racing and even a Cosworth-Vega engine for American dirt tracks! Author Roger Meiners combines his life-long passion for motor racing and technology with his historian's sensibilities to make the engines, cars, and key personalities come alive within this book's pages. Ride along with Meiners as he uncovers little-known details of the company's transition from a race shop to an engineering company, developing lust-worthy performance cars such as the sensational 1987 Buick GNX, the 1989 Pontiac Grand Prix Turbo, the FR500 Ford Mustang concept, and other projects that the public never saw. Today the company, known as McLaren Engineering, is a subsidiary of Canada-based Linamar Corporation, and is sought after by global automakers for its unrivaled testing, development and manufacturing capability.

Recently Published

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SMCCMS999 (Current)7/24/2026
Scope
G-33 Configuration Management
Provisions of Medical Oxygen for Aircraft OccupantsAIR6190 (Current)7/23/2026
This document provides information on provisions for passengers with disabilities on board commercial aircraft. In this context the term "provision of medical oxygen" shall be understood as application of oxygen on board an aircraft not linked to (post) decompression in the sense of Airworthiness Requirements FAR/CS 25 and Operational Regulations of FAR 121/135. Information about available equipment and physiological treatment in clinical practice will be provided in this document. It covers the use of oxygen concentrators according to guidance of FAR Advisory Circular AC120-95.
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
FITTING, TEE, STANDARD AND REDUCER, BULKHEAD ON RUN, INTERNAL ON SIDE, FLARED, 37° SPHERICALAS6098B (Current)7/22/2026
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
The FMECA Process in the Concurrent Engineering (CE) EnvironmentAIR4845A (Current)7/22/2026
This AIR by the G-11AT (Automation and Tools) subcommittee, examines the failure mode, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) requirements and procedures as performed on current and earlier vintage engineering programs. The subcommittee has focused on these procedures in relation to the concurrent engineering (CE) environment to determine where it may be beneficial, to both FMECA analysts and users, to automate some or all of the FMECA processes. Its purpose is to inform the reader about FMECAs and how the FMECA process could be automated in a concurrent engineering environment. There is no intent on the part of the authors that the material presented should become requirements or specifications imposed as part of any future contract. The report is structured to include the following subjects: a A FMECA overview b The current FMECA process c FMECA in the concurrent engineering environment d FMECA automation e The benefits of automation
G-41 Reliability
FITTING, TEE, INTERNAL STRAIGHT THREAD PORTAS5192F (Current)7/22/2026
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Sealing Tape, Sheet, or Gasket, Polytetrafluoroethylene, Expanded (ePTFE), Oil and Water ResistantAMS3255C (Current)7/16/2026
This specification establishes the requirements for an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) in the form of sealing tape, gaskets, or sheets requiring no mixing or curing.
AMS G9 Aerospace Sealing Committee
Limited Adaptive Forward Lighting SystemJ2591_202607 (Current)7/16/2026
This SAE Recommended Practice applies to motor vehicle Forward Illumination Devices which incorporate limited adaptive beam pattern capabilities. This document is to be used in conjunction with other forward lighting standards and/or recommended practices which define the base beam procedures, requirements, and guidelines.
Road Illumination Devices Standards Committee
FITTING, UNION, STANDARD AND REDUCER, BULKHEAD, FLARELESSAS1007L (Current)7/16/2026
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
FITTING, UNION, STANDARD AND REDUCER, BULKHEAD, FLARELESS, PRECISION TYPEAS6047D (Current)7/15/2026
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Felling Head Terminology and NomenclatureJ1272_202607 (Current)7/15/2026
This SAE Standard is intended to describe the basic types of felling heads, including those with bunching capabilities, that are attachments to a self-propelled machine. Only the major components that are necessary to describe the functions of the felling head, and to apply the principles of the standard are included. Illustrations used are not intended to include all existing felling heads or to describe any particular manufacturer’s variation.
MTC4, Forestry and Logging Equipment
Application Layer - Generator Sets and IndustrialJ1939/75_202607 (Current)7/15/2026
SAE J1939-75 defines the set of data parameters (SPs) and messages (PGs) for information predominantly associated with monitoring and control generators and driven equipment in electric power generation and industrial applications. The data parameters (SPs) and messages (PGs) previously published within this document are published in SAE J1939DA. Applications using the SAE J1939-75 document must refer to SAE J1939DA for the SAE J1939 parameters and messages for monitoring and controlling the power units, e.g., engines and turbines, that power the generators and driven industrial equipment.
Truck Bus Control and Communications Network Committee
TERMINAL JUNCTION SYSTEM, BLOCK REMOVAL TOOLS, SERIES IIAS81714/69C (Current)7/14/2026
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
StandardizationAMSSTAND1 (Current)7/14/2026
A-20B Exterior Lighting Committee
FITTING, ELBOW, 90°, STANDARD AND REDUCER, FLARELESS TUBE TO PIPE, EXTERNAL THREADAS897F (Current)7/14/2026
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Joint Aerospace/GV Doc Test 6/16 1JAALT_JA61626_ALT_CODE_202607 (Current)7/13/2026
Test
HM-1 Integrated Vehicle Health Management Committee
Fitting, Tee, Standard and Reducer, Bulkhead on Run, Internal Port on Side, FlaredAS1031G (Current)7/13/2026
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Hose Assembly, PTFE, CRES Reinforced, 3000 psi, 400 °F, Straight to Straight, Flareless, LightweightAS115K (Current)7/13/2026
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Fuel Cell Vehicle TerminologyAMST7131A (Historical)7/13/2026
This SAE Information Report contains definitions for hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicle terminology. It is intended that this document be a resource for those writing other hydrogen fuel cell vehicle documents, specifically, Standards or Recommended Practices.
A-20B Exterior Lighting Committee
Fuel Cell Vehicle TerminologyAMST7131 (Current)7/13/2026
This SAE Information Report contains definitions for hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicle terminology. It is intended that this document be a resource for those writing other hydrogen fuel cell vehicle documents, specifically, Standards or Recommended Practices.
A-20B Exterior Lighting Committee
Clamp Assembly, Saddle Type, Cushioned, General Specification ForAS85449B (Current)7/13/2026
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
FITTING, ELBOW, 45°, STANDARD AND REDUCER, BULKHEAD, FLAREDAS1040G (Current)7/13/2026
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Fitting, Tee, Standard and Reducer, Bulkhead on Run, FlaredAS1033G (Current)7/13/2026
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Demonstration Emergency EquipmentARP6239B (Current)7/12/2026
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) recommends the design and features of aircraft demonstration emergency equipment for use in passenger safety briefings.
S-9A Safety Equipment and Survival Systems Committee
Lift Capacity Calculation Method Knuckle-Boom Log Loaders and Certain Forestry EquipmentJ2417_202607 (Current)7/11/2026
This SAE Standard provides a uniform method to calculate the lift capacity of knuckle-boom log loaders and certain forestry equipment. It establishes definitions and specifies machine conditions for calculations. This document applies to knuckle-boom log loaders as defined in ISO 6814 and ISO 17591 and certain forestry equipment defined in ISO 6814 that have a rotating upper-structure such as feller bunchers, forwarders, harvesters, and behind the cab or rear-mounted knuckle-boom log loaders not having their own power supply. It does not apply to harvesters that are incapable of lifting a tree or log completely off the ground. This document applies to those machines that are crawler, rubber-tired, and pedestal or stationary mounted.
MTC4, Forestry and Logging Equipment
HFC-134a (R-134a) Recovery/Recycle/Recharging Equipment for Mobile Air-Conditioning SystemsJ2788_202607 (Current)7/11/2026
The purpose of this SAE Standard is to establish the specific minimum equipment performance requirements for recovery and recycling of HFC-134a that has been directly removed from, and is intended for reuse in, mobile air-conditioning (A/C) systems. It also is intended to establish requirements for equipment used to recharge HFC-134a to an accuracy level that meets Section 9 of this document and SAE J2099. The requirements apply to the following types of service equipment and their specific applications.a. Recovery/recycling equipmentb. Recovery/recycling-refrigerant chargingc. Refrigerant recharging equipment only
Interior Climate Control Service Committee