Browse Topic: Radar

Items (291)

A Novel Method to Select Hyperparameters of The DBSCAN Algorithm for RADAR Applications

2024-26-003001/16/2024

Abstract- As the automotive industry is coming up with various ADAS solutions, RADAR is playing an important role. There are many parameters concerning RADAR detections to acknowledge. Unsupervised Clustering methods are used for RADAR applications. DBSCAN clustering method which is widely used for RADAR applications. The existing clustering DBSCAN is not aligned very well with its hyperparameters such as epsilon (the radius within which each data point checks the density) and minimum points (minimum data points required within a circle to check for core point) for which a calibration is needed. In this paper, different methods to choose the hyperparameters of DBSCAN are compared and verified with different clustering evaluation criteria. A novel method to select hyperparameters of the DBSCAN algorithm is presented with the paper. For testing the given algorithm, ground truth data is collected, and the results are verified with MATLAB-Simulink. Keywords- (clustering, DBSCAN, DBSCAN

Payghan, Vaibhav Santosh, Prajapati, Miit, Chauhan, Abhisha

Automotive RADAR Sensor Modeling with Multi-scale Electromagnetic Field Solvers

2022-01-008103/29/2022

RADAR Sensors are going to be an integral part of autonomous vehicles. One of the main objectives of these sensors in autonomous vehicles is to get the doppler range profile for surrounding traffic. In this paper, we use a similar RADAR for ground speed sensing in the off-highway scenario. There are several challenges in integrating the RADAR sensor with vehicles such as sensor position from ground, location on vehicle, electromagnetic interference with other electronic devices, enclosure design etc. Ground conditions and properties are also critical in the off-highway scenario for speed sensing. We propose to use the physics based electromagnetic field solvers to understand and mitigate some of these challenges and speed up the design. Electromagnetic field solvers tend to scale poorly with distance of propagation, especially in 3D modeling. The computational cost increases dramatically, when wave propagation over multiple wavelengths is desired with FEM type solvers due to

Badgujar, Swapnil Eknathrao

SAE TOMORROW TODAY: The Enablers of Automation: Sensor Innovation from Spartan Radar

1317412/03/2021

Radar systems that use AI to dynamically and adaptively scan the environment based on changing conditions have been science-fact - not science-fiction - for more than a decade. But the current systems are just scratching the surface. Spartan Radar's Tyler Rather, Chief Technology Officer, and Robert Brown, Chief Strategy Officer, discuss their team's work to develop high-resolution radar AI that emulates human perception models and achieves lightning-fast processing and focus - and a revolutionary sensor fusion technology they believe could be as influential as Ford's Model T. Stay updated on the latest software innovations from Spartan Radar: https://spartanradar.com/

Hineman, Marcie

Atom-Based Radio Communications

TBMG-3979709/01/2021

Researchers demonstrated an atom-based sensor that can determine the direction of an incoming radio signal, another key part for a potential atomic communications system that could be smaller and work better in noisy environments than conventional technology.

Object Detection and Tracking for Autonomous Vehicles in Adverse Weather Conditions

2021-01-007904/06/2021

Object detection and tracking is a central aspect of perception for autonomous vehicles. While there has been significant development in this field in recent years, many perception algorithms still struggle to provide reliable information in challenging weather conditions which include night-time, direct sunlight, glare, fog, etc. To achieve full autonomy, there is a need for a robust perception system capable of handling such challenging conditions. In this paper, we attempt to bridge this gap by proposing an algorithm that combines the strength of automotive radars and infra-red thermal cameras. We show that these sensors complement each other well and provide reliable data in poor visibility conditions. We demonstrate the advantages of a thermal camera over a visible-range camera in these situations and employ YOLOv3 for object detection. The proposed system utilizes a modified Track-Oriented Multiple Hypothesis Tracking (MHT) algorithm which uses data from these sensors to keep

Bhadoriya, Abhay Singh, Vegamoor, Vamsi Krishna, Rathinam, Sivakumar

Dynamically Adjustable LiDAR with SPAD Array and Scanner

2021-01-009104/06/2021

An important function of an Automated Driving (AD) system is to detect objects including vehicles and pedestrians on the road. Typical devices for detecting those objects include cameras, millimeter-wave RADAR, and light detection and ranging (LiDAR). LiDAR uses the flight time of a short-wavelength electromagnetic wave. Because of that LiDAR is expected to find even small objects such as tire fragments on a road in high resolution. The detection performance required for LiDAR depends on the operational design domain (ODD). For example, while a vehicle is travelling at high speeds, LiDAR needs to detect apparently small objects at long distances, and while it is travelling at low speeds, LiDAR has to detect objects over a wide angular range. Conventional LiDAR is developed to satisfy all requirements, providing performance including detection distance, resolution, and angle of view tends to expose issues such as cost and size when it is mounted onboard.

Nakajima, Masato, Hata, Takehiro, Ueno, Akifumi, Ozaki, Noriyuki, Mizuno, Fumiaki, Kashiwada, Shinji, Yanai, Kenichi

SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Self-Driving For The Long Haul with Kodiak Robotics

1293102/19/2021

Kodiak Robotics is delivering more than freight, it's delivering the future. We spoke with Andreas Wendel, Vice President of Engineering at Kodiak Robotics, to discuss how they became a developer of reliable, highway-tested, self-driving long haul trucks and the elements required to create safe vehicles that perform consistently, delivering freight to commercial customers with a 100% on-time delivery record. Discover the difference between range of visibility and range of confidence across cameras, lidar and radar, and why this three-pronged approach allows Kodiak to develop the software and technology that enables zero disengagements across 800 miles.

Hineman, Marcie

Air Force Technology Tracks “Sporadic E”

TBMG-3823812/01/2020

Researchers at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) in New Mexico have discovered a new way to track and characterize a phenomenon called “Sporadic E” that naturally occurs in the upper atmosphere where large structures of dense plasma form. These plasma structures, which occur at midlatitude locations around the world, disrupt radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic waves (or simply “radio waves”) and impact both DoD and civilian radio systems in positive and negative ways, depending on the application.

Vote for Tech Briefs Product of the Year 2020

TBMG-3820512/01/2020

Each month, our editors choose a Product of the Month that has exceptional technical merit and practical value for our design engineering readers. Those 12 products are the nominees for the 2020 Tech Briefs Readers’ Choice Product of the Year.

Radar Enables Cars to Spot Hazards Around Corners

TBMG-3798511/01/2020

A new radar system, easily integrated into today’s vehicles, uses Doppler radar to bounce radio waves off surfaces such as buildings and parked automobiles. The radar signal hits the surface at an angle, so its reflection rebounds off like a cue ball hitting the wall of a pool table. The signal goes on to strike objects hidden around the corner. Some of the radar signal bounces back to detectors mounted on the car, allowing the system to see objects around the corner and tell whether they are moving or stationary.

“One-Way” Electronic Devices

TBMG-3779910/01/2020

Waves — whether they are light waves, sound waves, or any other kind — travel in the same manner in forward and reverse directions. This is known as the principle of reciprocity. If waves could be routed in one direction only — breaking reciprocity — many applications could be transformed by enabling “one-way” components such as circulators and isolators that enable two-way communication, which could double the data capacity of today's wireless networks. These components are essential to quantum computers that read a qubit without disturbing it. They are also critical to radar systems in self-driving cars or those used by the military.

Radar Testing with an O-scope

20AVEP07_0907/01/2020

Four-channel oscilloscopes are ideal for characterizing the new generation of automotive radar sensors, as two experts explain. A new generation of compact radar sensors with long range and high resolution is under development for automated driver-assistance systems (ADAS) and future fully autonomous vehicles. Operating in the frequency range from 76 GHz to 81 GHz, these sensors use phased-array antennas to obtain location information. The accuracy of the obtained data is directly correlated to the accuracy of the relative phase angles of the emitted signals, making precise adjustment of the antenna system a crucial factor for precision. Characterization of these sensors in the development phase requires sophisticated testing and measurement equipment due to the high frequencies. Oscilloscopes are ideal for this because they can simultaneously analyze multiple signals and precisely compare them. While some spectrum analyzers offer dynamic range and sophisticated analysis features, they

Flemming, Ernst, Ritter, Andreas

Making Data Logging, Replay and Prototyping More Efficient

20AVEP07_0507/01/2020

High levels of continuity and compatibility are vital to avoid interruptions in the development process - and reduce cost. The development of advanced driver assistance (ADAS) and highly automated driving systems poses great challenges for OEM and supplier engineers. It is important, therefore, that powerful, flexibly configurable development systems optimally support the various use cases in data-driven development to make it as efficient as possible. In the case of functionality for both ADAS autonomous driving, the chain of effects can be divided into several steps, starting with environment detection with the aid of extensive sensor technology - including camera, radar, lidar and ultrasonics - and ending with the final implementation of the driving strategy and actuator control (Fig. 2).

Mertens, Frank, Müller, Marius

Battle Command System

TBMG-3710106/01/2020

Northrop Grumman Corp. Falls Church, VA 703-280-2900

Using 24 GHz Doppler Radar Sensors for Noncontact Human Vitals Detection

TBMG-3562312/01/2019

Health and wellness monitoring is a primary way to manage personal health and awareness for a healthy lifestyle. Many wearable activity tracking devices, smart watches, and smartphone applications collect and analyze data from bodily sources. Other types of devices used to monitor vital signs can help the wearer manage health issues but can limit the wearer’s mobility or cause discomfort if worn continuously. These restrictions have prompted a growing interest in developing noncontact, wireless devices to detect vital signs, especially for people who are unconscious, sleeping, very young, elderly, or infirm. This article explains why 24 GHz Doppler radar sensors are useful for such devices and highlights some of the features suitable for meeting these applications.

Low-Bandwidth Radar Technology Provides Improved Detection of Objects

TBMG-3569012/01/2019

Radar technologies were originally designed to identify and track airborne military targets. Today, they're more often used to detect motor vehicles, weather formations, and geological terrain. Until now, scientists believed that radar accuracy and resolution are related to the range of frequencies or radio bandwidth used by the devices. A new approach inspired by optical coherence tomography (OCT) requires little to no bandwidth to accurately create a high-resolution map of a radar's surrounding environment. The new technology has numerous applications, especially with respect to the automotive industry.

Software-Defined Analog Filters: A Paradigm Shift in Radio Filter Performance and Capability

TBMG-3566512/01/2019

Among the most abundant components in all wireless system designs, analog RF filters are used to block interference from various internal and external sources. Limited spectrum divided among an ever-increasing number of users is further driving the need for these ubiquitous but in some ways anachronistic devices. Currently, interference is quite common among cellular base stations, satellite systems, radar installations, and other types of access and backhaul communications systems. Traditional filters are unable to cope with the requirements; in many cases, most often due to insufficient guard bandf. For example, in some international locales, LTE base stations and satellite receivers share the L-band frequencies. At around 3.5 GHz, 5G operators, CBRS radios, and military radars are trying to co-exist. To address this in-band interference, a new, tunable filtering technology is entering the marketplace, uniquely blending the best of both analog and digital technologies.

Autonomous Multi-Sensor Maritime Awareness System

TBMG-3536410/01/2019

BIRD Aerosystems Herzliya, Israel

Shape-Shifting Origami Could Help Antenna Systems Adapt On-the-Fly

TBMG-3510709/01/2019

Conventional reconfigurable electrical and radio frequency (RF) structures commonly used in applications involving real-time reconfigurability in response to fast varying operational scenarios require specialized substrates or complex electrical circuits. Origami-based RF reconfigurable components and modules offer a solution with unique properties. First, they enable re-configurability over continuous-state ranges (as opposed to discrete states). Second, they do not require specialized mechanical support for multilayer frequency-selective surface structures. Moreover, deployable origami-based RF structures can achieve large surface re-configurability ratios from folded to unfolded states. Finally, these structures allow for independent control of multiple figures of merit: bandwidth, frequency of operation, and angle of incidence.

High-Performance, Current-Steering Digital-to-Analog Converter

TBMG-3439505/01/2019

A current-steering digital-to-analog converter (DAC) was developed that achieves improved switching times (up to 75% faster) in high-speed (gigahertz), high-resolution (8-14 bits) applications resulting in improvement of spurious free dynamic range (SFDR).

Vision System for Detecting a Small Object at Far Range

2019-01-088604/02/2019

As one of the advanced sensing technologies of Autonomous driving, we have started developing the new vision system. It focuses on detecting the small object at far ranges. It makes it possible to detour a vehicle along the traffic cones (small object). This system is based on the high-resolution mono-camera with narrow FOV and the algorithms for object-detection/ranging and lane-detection. A prototype is created and evaluated. It could detect the cones and estimate their ranges up to 150 [m]. The range accuracy is 5.3 [m]. Plural cones at different ranges can be measure at one time. The lane detection could reach 150 [m].

Miyahara, Shunji, Li, Huan, Xie, Kunpeng, Bai, Bai Jincheng

Application of Collision Probability Estimation to Calibration of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems

2019-01-113304/02/2019

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) are designed and calibrated rigorously to provide them with the robustness against highly uncertain environments that they usually operate in. Typical calibration procedures for such systems rely extensively on track (controlled environment) testing, which is time-consuming, expensive, and sometimes cannot cover all the critical test scenarios that could be encountered by ADAS in the real world. Therefore, virtual (simulation-based) testing and validation has been gaining more prominence and emphasis for ensuring high coverage along with easier scalability and usage. This paper attempts to provide an alternative approach for calibrating ADAS in the controller validation phase by the aid of simulated test case scenarios. The study executes characterization of the uncertainty in the position and heading of the ego and the obstacle vehicles. This exercise captures the uncertainties in the states detection of vehicles in the environment and

Bithar, Vivek, Karumanchi, Aditya

Detecting Drones with Doppler-Based Radar

TBMG-3302310/01/2018

As drones become more commonplace, the need to secure facilities from the high-definition cameras and potential dangerous payloads has caused a rapid growth of counter-drone technologies.

Hyperfine Interpolated Range Finding for CW Lidar, Radar, and Sonar Using Repeating Waveforms and Fourier Transform Reordering

TBMG-3251808/01/2018

NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a novel fine interpolation technique that is useful in signal processing for applications in lidar, sonar, radar, and similar modalities. The interpolation technique uses repeating waveforms, Fourier transform reordering, and Richardson-Lucy deconvolution to obtain faster and more accurate results. The prime target application is range finding, but the technique is equally suitable for differential absorption studies, such as determining CO 2 concentrations in the atmosphere.

Co-Prime Frequency and Aperture Design for HF Surveillance, Wideband Radar Imaging, and Nonstationary Array Processing

TBMG-2907806/01/2018

A co-prime array uses two uniform linear subarrays to construct an effective difference coarray with certain desirable characteristics, such as a high number of degrees-of-freedom for DOA estimation. In this research, the co-prime array concept has been generalized with two operations.

Digital Radar Warning Receiver

TBMG-2908106/01/2018

Northrop Grumman Corporation Falls Church, VA 703-280-2900

Tech Briefs: June 2018

18AERP0606/01/2018

Beyond VMEbus - A New Concept Taming the Thermal Behavior of Solid-State Military Lasers Solving the Challenge of Thermal Design in Aerospace Electronics Improving Component Life in Abrasive, Corrosive Aerospace Environments New Pulse Analysis Techniques for Radar and EW Validation of Ubiquitous 2D Radar Converting Existing Copper Wire Firing System to a Fiber-Optically Controlled Firing System for Electromagnetic Pulsed Power Experiments Technological improvements make pulsed-power experiments with gunpowder- or air-driven guns safer. Low-Cost Ground Sensor Network for Intrusion Detection COTS-based system could provide increased level of security with less manpower. In-Network Processing on Low-Cost IoT Nodes for Maritime Surveillance Commercially available system of distributed wireless sensors could increase the Navy's intelligence collection footprint. Co-Prime Frequency and Aperture Design for HF Surveillance, Wideband Radar Imaging, and Nonstationary Array Processing Developing

Study on Target Tracking Based on Vision and Radar Sensor Fusion

2018-01-061304/03/2018

Faced with intricate traffic conditions, the single sensor has been unable to meet the safety requirements of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and autonomous driving. In the field of multi-target tracking, the number of targets detected by vision sensor is sometimes less than the current tracks while the number of targets detected by millimeter wave radar is more than the current tracks. Hence, a multi-sensor information fusion algorithm is presented by utilizing advantage of both vision sensor and millimeter wave radar. The multi-sensor fusion algorithm is based on centralized fusion strategy that the fusion center takes a unified track management. At First, vision sensor and radar are used to detect the target and to measure the range and the azimuth angle of the target. Then, the detections data from vision sensor and radar is transferred to fusion center to join the multi-target tracking with the prediction of current tracks. Vision sensor uses Global Nearest Neighbor (GNN

Wu, Xian, Ren, Jing, Wu, Yujun, Shao, Jianwang

Radar Sensor Systems

TBMG-2878604/01/2018

Kelvin Hughes London, UK +44 19 9280 5200

New Osram IREDs enhance vehicle vision without harming human eyes

18AUTP08_0801/01/2018

As a compliment to cameras, LiDAR and radar, a new family of Infrared LEDs (IREDs) can expand the vision of SAE Level 4 and 5 autonomous vehicles without harming human eyes, claims maker Osram Opto Semiconductors. Infrared night vision cameras, LiDAR, radar, and vehicle headlights will provide autonomous vehicles with an ability to see the surroundings at night, but the technologies have limitations.

Buchholz, Kami

THE NAVIGATOR

18AUTP01_0801/01/2018

Cooking up the perfect automated-driving system Ask any group of chefs how to prepare a particular recipe and you'll find general agreement about the list of basic ingredients. However, between that list and the finished product are endless variations of process and proportions. Consider the humble cup of coffee. In its most basic form, it consists of roasted-and-ground beans to which water is added to create a dark brown caffeinated liquid. Then come the various bean origins (Colombian, Hawaiian, Ethiopian, etc.) and the variety of preparation: drip, percolators, espresso, press pots, cold brew and the latest fad, pour overs. The mind-boggling array of fancy coffee drinks on your local café's menu board shows there is clearly no consensus for making a cup of joe.

Abuelsamid, Sam

2-D CFAR Procedure of Multiple Target Detection for Automotive Radar

07-11-01-000709/23/2017

In Advanced Driver Assistant System (ADAS), the automotive radar is used to detect targets or obstacles around the vehicle. The procedure of Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) plays an important role in adaptive targets detection in noise or clutter environment. But in practical applications, the noise or clutter power is absolutely unknown and varies over the change of range, time and angle. The well-known cell averaging (CA) CFAR detector has a good detection performance in homogeneous environment but suffers from masking effect in multi-target environment. The ordered statistic (OS) CFAR is more robust in multi-target environment but needs a high computation power. Therefore, in this paper, a new two-dimension CFAR procedure based on a combination of Generalized Order Statistic (GOS) and CA CFAR named GOS-CA CFAR is proposed. Besides, the Linear Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave (LFMCW) radar simulation system is built to produce a series of rapid chirp signals. Then the echo

Li, Sen, Bi, Xin, Tan, Bin, Huang, Libo

A Modified Chirp Sequence Design for Monopulse Automotive Radar

2017-01-197409/23/2017

In the last years, in order to fit the requirements of automotive radar application under the multi-target conditions, several proposals about Continuous Waveform (CW)have been developed. The transmit signal with Multiple Frequency Shift Keying (MFSK) technology was developed to analyze the target information in range domain and Doppler frequency domain simultaneously, but the MFSK waveform has lower estimation accuracy in phase measuring. A higher accuracy signal type is the chirp sequence waveform of monopulse radar, which is based on two-dimension independent frequency measuring. It can also get the range and velocity information, but might lead to ambiguities in Doppler domain. To avoid the Doppler ambiguity, a method is proposed in this paper, which uses the modified chirp sequence waveform. The carrier frequencies of the modified chirp sequence are different, which causes the Doppler frequency offset. Doppler ambiguities have no influence on the Doppler frequency offset and the

Chen, Tao, Bai, Jie, Wang, Fang, Huang, Libo

Aerospace & Defense Technology: June 2017

17AERP0606/01/2017

Small Form Factor Embedded Systems New Technologies Drive Diverse Solutions Making Laser Weapons a Reality Modelling and Simulation Tools for Systems Integration on Aircraft Rotorcraft Anti-Icing Systems Redundant Transmitting System in Aircraft (RTSA) Cassini Stays in Touch with NASA's Radio Science Subsystem Laser Integration on Silicon Photonic Circuits Through Transfer Printing New fabrication approach allows the massively parallel transfer of III-V coupons to a silicon photonic target wafer. High Energy Computed Tomographic Inspection of Munitions Inspection system provides additional level of quality assurance for R&D, reverse engineering, and malfunction investigations. Terahertz (THz) Radar: A Solution for Degraded Visibility Environments (DVE) Operating at higher frequencies than other types of radar produces tighter beams and finer resolution. Imaging Detonations of Explosives Using high-speed camera pyrometers to measure and map fireball/shock expansion velocities

Developing a Satellite-Based Autonomous Vehicle Control System

TBMG-2704706/01/2017

The rapid rise of global interest in the field of autonomous driving is ushering in a new era of automobiles. With many vehicles already offering autonomous preventative safety systems, the addition of improved road infrastructure could increase the reliability and maturity of autonomous driving functions, ultimately increasing the driver's sense of safety.

Digital Beamforming Interferometry

TBMG-2702406/01/2017

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has developed a new radar approach that uses a single phased array antenna and a single-pass configuration to generate interferograms, known as Digital Beamforming Interferometry. A digital beamforming radar system allows the implementation of nonconventional radar techniques, known as Digital Beamforming Synthetic Aperture Radar Multimode Operation (DBSAR).

Cassini Stays in Touch with NASA's Radio Science Subsystem

TBMG-2699706/01/2017

Cassini Stays in Touch with NASA's Radio Science Subsystem

17AERP06_0606/01/2017

After almost 20 years in space, NASA's Cassini spacecraft begins the final chapter of its remarkable story of exploration. From now until September, Cassini will undertake a set of orbits that is, in many ways, like a whole new mission. Following a final close flyby of Saturn's moon Titan, Cassini will leap over the planet's icy rings and begin a series of 22 weekly dives between the planet and the rings. Launched in 1997, Cassini arrived at Saturn in 2004. Following its last close flyby of Titan in April, Cassini began what mission planners are calling its Grand Finale. The spacecraft is on a trajectory that will eventually plunge into Saturn's atmosphere - and end Cassini's mission - on September 15.

Submarine Radar Technology

TBMG-2675404/01/2017

Kelvin Hughes Enfield, UK +44 19 9280 5200

Farzin Amzajerdian, Principal Investigator, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA

TBMG-2637802/01/2017

Since 2003, Farzin Amzajerdian has worked on the Navigation Doppler Lidar (NDL), a sensor designed to support safe and precise vehicle landings on Mars and other destinations. The breadbox-sized NDL contains three lasers, a small electronics box, and lenses connected by fiber-optic cables. Amzajerdian will soon oversee the testing of the technology in California's Mojave Desert.

Aerospace & Defense Technology: December 2016

16AERP1212/01/2016

Additive Manufacturing How 3D Printing Will Transform the A&D Support Chain Advances in Lightweight Electronics Protection Conformal Coatings Increase Reliability of Aerospace and Military Assemblies Powering Outer Space An In-Depth Look at Aerospace Battery Technology Using High Bandwidth Oscilloscopes to Analyze Radar and Electronic Warfare Systems Bio-inspired Airborne Infrastructure Reconfiguration (BioAIR) EMI Analysis Software Helps Telescope Group Simulate RFI Mitigation Epitaxial Growth of Rhenium with Sputtering Processing and Characterization of Polycrystalline YAG (Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) Core-Clad Fibers Multi-Scale Analysis of Deformation and Failure in Polycrystalline Titanium Alloys Under High Strain Rates Abrasion Testing of Products Containing Nanomaterials Spectrum Fatigue of 7075-T651 Aluminum Alloy under Overloading and Underloading

Upmast Radar Systems

TBMG-2491606/01/2016

Kelvin Hughes Enfield, UK +44 19 9280 5200

Joe Munchak, Research Meteorologist, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

TBMG-2485906/01/2016

Python Turbulence Detection Algorithm (PyTDA)

TBMG-2458105/01/2016

This software, written in the Python programming language, estimates turbulence from Doppler radar data. It ingests radar data using the Department of Energy’s Py-ART open-source radar software toolkit.

Marshall MRMS Mosaic Python Toolkit (MMM-Py)

TBMG-2457405/01/2016

This Python script will allow the user to read, analyze, and display National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Multi-Radar/Multi-Sensor(MRMS) mosaic tile files containing mosaic radar reflectivities on a national 3D grid. Simple diagnostics and plotting, as well as computation of composite reflectivity, are available.

Development of Bicycle Surrogate for Bicyclist Pre-Collision System Evaluation

2016-01-144704/05/2016

As part of active safety systems for reducing bicyclist fatalities and injuries, Bicyclist Pre-Collision System (BPCS), also known as Bicyclist Autonomous Emergency Braking System, is being studied currently by several vehicles manufactures. This paper describes the development of a surrogate bicyclist which includes a surrogate bicycle and a surrogate bicycle rider to support the development and evaluation of BPCS. The surrogate bicycle is designed to represent the visual and radar characteristics of real bicyclists in the United States. The size of bicycle surrogate mimics the 26 inch adult bicycle, which is the most popular adult bicycle sold in the US. The radar cross section (RCS) of the surrogate bicycle is designed based on RCS measurement of the real adult sized bicycles. The surrogate bicycle is constructed with detachable components with shatter resistant material to prevent structural damage during a collision, and matches the look and RCS of a real 26 inch mountain bicycle

Yi, Qiang, Chien, Stanley, Brink, Jason, Niu, Wensen, Li, Lingxi, Chen, Yaobin, Chen, Chi-Chen, Sherony, Rini, Takahashi, Hiroyuki

Wideband, GaN MMIC, Distributed Amplifier-Based Microwave Power Module

TBMG-2426204/01/2016

Historically, the term microwave power module (MPM) has been associated with a small, fully integrated, self-contained radio frequency (RF) amplifier that combines both solid-state and microwave vacuum electronics technologies. Typically, the output power of these MPMs is on the order of about 100 Watts CW over an octave bandwidth. The MPMs require both a solid-state amplifier at the front end and a microwave vacuum electronics amplifier at the back end. However, such MPMs cannot be utilized for communications because the MPMs are not optimized for linearity or efficiency. Also, the MPMs can be very expensive to manufacture, particularly when modules are produced in very small quantities for space applications. Also, a kilovolt (kV) class power supply is required to power the traveling-wave tube amplifier, which is a part of the microwave vacuum electronics.

Offset IQ Modulation Technique for Miniaturized Radar Electronics

TBMG-2424704/01/2016

Constellations of low-cost, small instruments provide global, distributed, and frequent coverage, enabling unique science observations. However, radars are active instruments with size, mass, and power requirements that are often not compatible with small satellite platforms such as CubeSats or SmallSats.

SIRE: A MIMO Radar for Landmine and IED Detection

TBMG-2394802/01/2016

Low-frequency ultra-wideband (UWB) radar has garnered attention for the detection of landmines and improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in recent years. The low frequencies used by these radars provide the necessary ground penetration capabilities for detection, and the wide bandwidth signals used are necessary for range resolution. Cross-range resolution that depends on the size of the antenna aperture can be improved by generating a synthetic aperture. Typical airborne synthetic aperture radars (SAR) that can provide high resolution in cross range are not practical for this problem due to cost limitations.

Ultra-High-Power W-Band/F-Band Schottky Diode-Based Frequency Multipliers

TBMG-2365601/01/2016

All-solid-state, room-temperature, multipixel, sub milli meter-wave re ceiv ers are in demand for efficient spatial mapping of a planet’s atmosphere composition and wind velocities for future NASA missions to Venus, Jupiter, and its moons. Roomtemperature operation based on Schottky diode technology is a must in order to avoid cryogenic cooling and enable long-term missions. This technology is also being successfully applied for very-high-resolution imaging radars for standoff detection of concealed weapons. For submillimeter-wave radar imaging, the main issue is that, in order to reach video frame rates with high image pixel density, multi-pixel focal plane transceiver arrays are needed to illuminate targets with many radar beams simultaneously.

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