Browse Topic: Radar

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Video 2 Scenario: A Novel Method to Generate Edge Case Traffic Scenarios from Dashcam Videos2026-26-06661/16/2026
This paper presents Video 2 Scenario, a systematic and cost-effective method to generate edge case scenarios derived from road events captured in dash camera videos. Current methods for obtaining real-world scenarios rely on supplementary sensor data like LiDAR, GPS and radar, which require expensive sensor setups for data collection. Other scenario generation methods rely on manual effort by human experts, which can be laborious and time-consuming. Our proposed methodology utilizes state-of-the-art deep learning models to extract vehicle trajectories, road layouts and other scenario-specific elements and reconstructs a scenario in the format of simulation scripts. The scripts are then refined by replaying the scenario multiple times in a simulation with attached virtual sensors to minimize the discrepancy between the subsequently obtained simulated video data and the original dash camera video data. The refined simulation scripts ensure that critical edge case scenarios are replicated
Ramalingam, Surya Prasath, Priyadarshi, Marut, Khan, Parvej, Kumar, Vaibhav, Pandey, Gaurav, Lohani, Bharat
Single Radar: A Robust and Cost-Effective Solution for ADAS and Parking functionality2026-26-00491/16/2026
With rapid advancements in Autonomous Driving (AD) & Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), numerous sensors are integrated in vehicles to achieve higher and reliable level of autonomy. Due to the growing number of sensors and its fusion creates complex architecture which causes challenges in calibration, cost, and system reliability. Considering the need for further ADAS advancements and addressing the challenges, this paper evaluates a novel solution called One Radar - a single radar system with a wide field of view enabled by advanced antenna design. Placing the One Radar at the rear of the vehicle eliminates the need for corner radars and ultrasonic sensors used for parking assistance. With rigorous real-world testing in different urban and low-speed scenarios, the One Radar solution showed comparable accuracy in object detection with warning and parking assistance to the conventional combination of corner radars and ultrasonic sensors. The simple single sensor-based
Anandan, Ram, Sharma, Akash
Advancing Automotive Radar Characterization: OTA HIL Testing for Enhanced ADAS Safety2026-26-00431/16/2026
The increasing demand for reliable Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS) and autonomous driving technologies necessitates the precise validation of automotive radar sensors. Traditional on-road testing, while effective, presents challenges such as limited repeatability, high costs, and safety concerns. To address these limitations, this paper introduces an Over-the-Air (OTA) Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) methodology for radar characterization, providing a controlled and repeatable lab-based validation approach. This methodology enables dynamic testing of key radar parameters, including range estimation, angle of arrival measurement, Doppler velocity analysis, and object detection accuracy. The proposed setup supports diverse testing scenarios, such as variable target distances, relative speeds, multiple object simulation, and environmental effects, ensuring a comprehensive evaluation of radar behaviour under complex and safety-critical conditions. Through OTA testing, developers can
Jadhav, Tejas, Karle, Ujjwala, Paul, Harshit, SNV, Karthik
Flight Test Assessment of Scalable Low-Level Mission Task ElementsF-0081-2025-01405/20/2025
Low-level flight, defined by high-speed operations near terrain, represents a significant challenge in military rotorcraft missions while providing strategic advantages, such as radar evasion and heightened surprise. Recent conflicts highlight the urgent need for advanced low-level flight capabilities in the design of new rotorcraft. The close proximity to ground obstacles, combined with the complexities of piloting, necessitates precise control and robust handling qualities to prevent accidents. However, existing handling quality standards, such as MIL-DTL-32742, reveal limitations in assessing low-level maneuvers. Given the diverse array of new rotorcraft designs, driven by initiatives like the U.S. Army's Future Vertical Lift and NATO's Next Generation Rotorcraft Capabilities, a customized handling qualities evaluation for each design is impractical. In response, a performance-driven strategy has been implemented, scaling Mission Task Elements to align with aircraft performance
Jusko, Tim, Berger, Tom, Walko, Christian
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: How AI Alignment Makes AVs Safer134951/10/2025
In order for AVs to perform safely and reliably, we need to teach them the language of human preference and expectations--and accelerating AI alignment can do just that. Enter Kognic, the industry-leading annotation platform for sensor-fusion datasets (e.g., camera, radar, and LIDAR data). By helping companies gather, organize, and refine massive datasets used for training AI models, Kognic is helping to ensure that AD/ADAS perform reliably and meet safety standards--all while minimizing costs and optimizing teams. To learn more, we sat down with Daniel Langkilde, Co-Founder and CEO, to discuss why the future of autonomous driving depends on effectively managing AI-driven datasets and how Kognic is leading dataset management for safety-critical AI. We'd love to hear from you. Share your comments, questions and ideas for future topics and guests to podcast@sae.org. Don't forget to take a moment to follow SAE Tomorrow Today--a podcast where we discuss emerging technology and trends in
Hineman, Marcie
Piloted Simulation Evaluation of MTEs for the Assessment of Low-Level Handling QualitiesF-0080-2024-10485/7/2024
This study introduces three new proposed Mission Task Elements (MTEs) - "Big Air", "Giant Slalom", and "Super Combined" - aimed at evaluating handling qualities during low-level and high-speed flight profiles. These MTEs are designed to reflect operational task elements critical in military engagements, particularly where rotorcraft capabilities in evading radar detection and maneuvering at high speeds are paramount. Utilizing piloted simulations with four generic rotorcraft configurations under various flight control laws, the MTEs' effectiveness in exposing aircraft characteristics and handling deficiencies is systematically assessed. The evaluation, conducted with a diverse group of pilots, underscores the MTEs' relevance to real-world scenarios and their robustness in handling qualities assessment across different rotorcraft designs. The study reveals that while some configurations exhibit consistent Level 1 Handling Qualities Ratings (HQRs), others show varied performance
Jusko, Tim, Berger, Tom
VTOL UAS Auto-recovery Using A Tested Long-Term Motion Prediction Method to define the Deck EnvironmentF-0080-2024-10585/7/2024
Launch, recovery, and deck handling operational performance on smaller ship platforms like Corvettes, Frigates and Destroyers are qualified as the most challenging tasks in the UAS ship-deployment of a VTOL Uncrewed Air System (UAS). One of the main hurdles is the random nature of seaway-created deck motions coupled with ship structure disturbed air wake patterns. The MoD has supported a range of work aimed at bringing Quiescent Period Prediction (QPP) technology to fruition. QPP firstly requires Wave Profiling RADAR to measure the sea wave system out to approximately 2km in the region around a vessel. Secondly these measurements are employed in a wave propagation model to predict the actual wave forces acting on a vessel. Using the wave predictions as inputs to a vessel model makes possible to predict the actual (deterministic as opposed to statistical) motions of a vessel. Wave systems naturally alternate groups of large waves with smaller waves, this property, combined with the
Ferrier, Bernard, Christmas, Jacqueline, Belmont, Michael, Watson, RN, Commander Brad
Comparative Study of Unsupervised Clustering Methods Used for RADAR Applications2024-26-00291/16/2024
Abstract- Driver safety has become an important aspect. To have driver safety RADAR is an essential part of vehicles hence RADAR has great significance in the automotive industry. The Radar sensor collects data from surroundings that may have unwanted data that may lead to improper detections of intended objects, so to have proper object detections it is needed to use clustering methods on the radar point cloud data. There are numerous unsupervised clustering methods used for RADAR applications. In this paper, the comparisons of different unsupervised algorithms such as K-Means Clustering, Hierarchical Clustering, KNN (k-nearest neighbors), Cluster Using the Gaussian Mixture Model, and DBSCAN are presented. All these clustering algorithms are evaluated based on various evaluation criteria such as the Silhouette coefficient, Davies Bouldin index, etc. Based on evaluations and comparative studies applications of the clustering algorithms are classified.
Prajapati, Miit, Payghan, Vaibhav, Chauhan, Abhisha, Nidubrolu, Kranthi
A Novel Method to Select Hyperparameters of The DBSCAN Algorithm for RADAR Applications2024-26-00301/16/2024
Abstract- As the automotive industry is coming up with various ADAS solutions, RADAR is playing an important role. There are many parameters concerning RADAR detections to acknowledge. Unsupervised Clustering methods are used for RADAR applications. DBSCAN clustering method which is widely used for RADAR applications. The existing clustering DBSCAN is not aligned very well with its hyperparameters such as epsilon (the radius within which each data point checks the density) and minimum points (minimum data points required within a circle to check for core point) for which a calibration is needed. In this paper, different methods to choose the hyperparameters of DBSCAN are compared and verified with different clustering evaluation criteria. A novel method to select hyperparameters of the DBSCAN algorithm is presented with the paper. For testing the given algorithm, ground truth data is collected, and the results are verified with MATLAB-Simulink. Keywords- (clustering, DBSCAN, DBSCAN
Payghan, Vaibhav Santosh, Prajapati, Miit, Chauhan, Abhisha
Automation of Aviation Weather Charts using Machine Learning Techniques2022-26-12315/26/2022
In traditional avionics procedures, manual analysis of aviation weather charts is often time consuming and increases the pilot's workload significantly. This manual analysis plays a key role in identifying the weather phenomena, which an airborne weather radar cannot detect such as Clear Air turbulence (CAT). The paper proposes introduction of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to decode the pictorial representation of Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMETS), and significant weather charts during take-off procedures and textual representation of METER and TAF during in-flight later on. During take-off procedures, ML algorithms are provided with the flight path for the aircraft under consideration, which is about to fly, SIGMET, 14 different routes of aircraft which are about to fly and significant weather charts. CAT on a significant weather chart, turbulence is highlighted by the area surrounded by dashed lines. Area of possible CAT due to close proximity of isotachs can be
Gangadhar, Balraj, Ramasamy, Subramanian
An Autonomous Ground Based Multi Sensor Data Fused TDR Prediction and Monitoring System2022-26-12275/26/2022
According to a study conducted by IATA, EASA and ICAO, runway excursions are common type of incidents that leads to major accidents. Runway excursion predominantly occur due to incorrect utilization of the touchdown zone (TDZ). A ground-based multi-sensor data fused touchdown region (TDR) prediction and monitoring system is proposed in this paper. This system autonomously analyses real-time environmental data with remote sensing capability around the runway site, gathers real-time information on flight critical parameters of approaching aircraft through an ADS-B Out data link, predicts ideal TDR over the runway TDZ for a particular aircraft, and estimates the expected contemporaneous TDR based on the monitored current approach profile. If the ideal and expected TDR do not overlap, there is a chance for an excursion. In such cases, the flight parameter that needs corrective action is determined and notified to the pilot. In order to analyze dynamic environmental data, mathematical
Nagonda, Ajay Nagarajan, Manjunath, Karthik
Automotive RADAR Sensor Modeling with Multi-scale Electromagnetic Field Solvers2022-01-00813/29/2022
RADAR Sensors are going to be an integral part of autonomous vehicles. One of the main objectives of these sensors in autonomous vehicles is to get the doppler range profile for surrounding traffic. In this paper, we use a similar RADAR for ground speed sensing in the off-highway scenario. There are several challenges in integrating the RADAR sensor with vehicles such as sensor position from ground, location on vehicle, electromagnetic interference with other electronic devices, enclosure design etc. Ground conditions and properties are also critical in the off-highway scenario for speed sensing. We propose to use the physics based electromagnetic field solvers to understand and mitigate some of these challenges and speed up the design. Electromagnetic field solvers tend to scale poorly with distance of propagation, especially in 3D modeling. The computational cost increases dramatically, when wave propagation over multiple wavelengths is desired with FEM type solvers due to
Badgujar, Swapnil Eknathrao
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: The Enablers of Automation: Sensor Innovation from Spartan Radar1317412/3/2021
Radar systems that use AI to dynamically and adaptively scan the environment based on changing conditions have been science-fact - not science-fiction - for more than a decade. But the current systems are just scratching the surface. Spartan Radar's Tyler Rather, Chief Technology Officer, and Robert Brown, Chief Strategy Officer, discuss their team's work to develop high-resolution radar AI that emulates human perception models and achieves lightning-fast processing and focus - and a revolutionary sensor fusion technology they believe could be as influential as Ford's Model T. Stay updated on the latest software innovations from Spartan Radar: https://spartanradar.com/
Hineman, Marcie
Research on High-efficiency Test Method of Vehicle AEB based on High-precision Detection of Radar Turntable Encoder2021-01-127310/11/2021
With the increasingly complex traffic environment, the vehicle AEB system needs to go through a large number of testing processes, in order to drive more safely on the road. For speeding up the development process of AEB and solve the problems of long cycle, high cost and low efficiency in AEB testing, in this paper, a millimeter wave radar turntable is built, and a high-precision detection algorithm of turntable encoder is designed, at the same time, a test method of vehicle AEB based on the detection data of radar turntable encoder is designed. The verification results show that methods described in this paper can be used to develop the vehicle AEB test algorithm efficiently.
Li, Kun, Cao, Guohua, Ding, Hongchang, Hou, Han, Li, Xin
A Comparative Study on Various Methodologies and Solutions for Evaluation of Short-Range Radar to Validate the Features of Autonomous Vehicle.2021-26-04689/22/2021
Autonomous vehicle is a vehicle capable of sensing its environment and taking decisions automatically with no human interventions. To achieve this goal, ADAS (Advance Driving Assistance System) technologies play an important role and even today technologies are improving and emerging. The sensing of environment can be achieved with the help of sensors like Radar and Camera. Radar sensors are used in detecting the range, speed and directions of multiple targets using complex signal processing algorithms. Radar with long range and short range are widely used in the autonomous vehicles. Radar sensors with long range can be used to realize features like Adaptive Cruise Control, Advance Emergency Brake Assist. The short-range radar sensors are used for Blind Spot Monitoring, Lane Change Assist, Rear Pre-Crash System, Rear Cross Traffic Alert, Occupant safe exist, Trailer Merge Assist and Front Cross Traffic Alert. To realize the Autonomous Vehicle functionalities four short range radar
Sujeendra, M R, Kesana, Sindhu Prabha, Saddaladinne, Jagadeesh Babu
Atom-Based Radio CommunicationsTBMG-397979/1/2021
Researchers demonstrated an atom-based sensor that can determine the direction of an incoming radio signal, another key part for a potential atomic communications system that could be smaller and work better in noisy environments than conventional technology.
DA-IVE: MLP Based Data Association Method for Instantaneous Velocity Estimation Using Multi-Radar: An Experimental Validation Study2021-01-00924/6/2021
This paper describes a novel Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP) learning-based association algorithm that is used in conjunction with an Instantaneous Velocity Estimator (IVE) to estimate the velocity of a surrounding vehicle using multi-radar sensors. The IVE algorithm requires at least two targets to be able to provide a velocity estimate. The approach suggested in this paper performs three stages of filtering on a list of targets available for the association to a given track. The algorithm identifies the one pair of targets that will provide the best instantaneous velocity estimation from all possible pairs. The three stages of filtering described ahead are, I - Semantic gating, II - MLP scoring, and III - Algebraic scoring. The IVE algorithm performs linear regression on the pair of targets it is finally provided to come up with a velocity estimation. This research also describes a novel method of labeling radar targets for use in the training of the neural network in association stage
Shakibajahromi, Bahareh, Krishnan, Anirudh Sarathy, Ati, Dilip, Jabalameli, Amirhossein, Kanzler, Steven, Shayestehmanesh, Saeed
Dynamically Adjustable LiDAR with SPAD Array and Scanner2021-01-00914/6/2021
An important function of an Automated Driving (AD) system is to detect objects including vehicles and pedestrians on the road. Typical devices for detecting those objects include cameras, millimeter-wave RADAR, and light detection and ranging (LiDAR). LiDAR uses the flight time of a short-wavelength electromagnetic wave. Because of that LiDAR is expected to find even small objects such as tire fragments on a road in high resolution. The detection performance required for LiDAR depends on the operational design domain (ODD). For example, while a vehicle is travelling at high speeds, LiDAR needs to detect apparently small objects at long distances, and while it is travelling at low speeds, LiDAR has to detect objects over a wide angular range. Conventional LiDAR is developed to satisfy all requirements, providing performance including detection distance, resolution, and angle of view tends to expose issues such as cost and size when it is mounted onboard. To solve these problems, we have
Nakajima, Masato, Hata, Takehiro, Ueno, Akifumi, Ozaki, Noriyuki, Mizuno, Fumiaki, Kashiwada, Shinji, Yanai, Kenichi
Object Detection and Tracking for Autonomous Vehicles in Adverse Weather Conditions2021-01-00794/6/2021
Object detection and tracking is a central aspect of perception for autonomous vehicles. While there has been significant development in this field in recent years, many perception algorithms still struggle to provide reliable information in challenging weather conditions which include night-time, direct sunlight, glare, fog, etc. To achieve full autonomy, there is a need for a robust perception system capable of handling such challenging conditions. In this paper, we attempt to bridge this gap by proposing an algorithm that combines the strength of automotive radars and infra-red thermal cameras. We show that these sensors complement each other well and provide reliable data in poor visibility conditions. We demonstrate the advantages of a thermal camera over a visible-range camera in these situations and employ YOLOv3 for object detection. The proposed system utilizes a modified Track-Oriented Multiple Hypothesis Tracking (MHT) algorithm which uses data from these sensors to keep
Bhadoriya, Abhay Singh, Vegamoor, Vamsi Krishna, Rathinam, Sivakumar
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Self-Driving For The Long Haul with Kodiak Robotics129312/19/2021
Kodiak Robotics is delivering more than freight, it's delivering the future. We spoke with Andreas Wendel, Vice President of Engineering at Kodiak Robotics, to discuss how they became a developer of reliable, highway-tested, self-driving long haul trucks and the elements required to create safe vehicles that perform consistently, delivering freight to commercial customers with a 100% on-time delivery record. Discover the difference between range of visibility and range of confidence across cameras, lidar and radar, and why this three-pronged approach allows Kodiak to develop the software and technology that enables zero disengagements across 800 miles.
Hineman, Marcie
Vote for Tech Briefs Product of the Year 2020TBMG-3820512/1/2020
Each month, our editors choose a Product of the Month that has exceptional technical merit and practical value for our design engineering readers. Those 12 products are the nominees for the 2020 Tech Briefs Readers’ Choice Product of the Year.
Air Force Technology Tracks “Sporadic E”TBMG-3823812/1/2020
Researchers at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) in New Mexico have discovered a new way to track and characterize a phenomenon called “Sporadic E” that naturally occurs in the upper atmosphere where large structures of dense plasma form. These plasma structures, which occur at midlatitude locations around the world, disrupt radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic waves (or simply “radio waves”) and impact both DoD and civilian radio systems in positive and negative ways, depending on the application.
Radar Enables Cars to Spot Hazards Around CornersTBMG-3798511/1/2020
A new radar system, easily integrated into today’s vehicles, uses Doppler radar to bounce radio waves off surfaces such as buildings and parked automobiles. The radar signal hits the surface at an angle, so its reflection rebounds off like a cue ball hitting the wall of a pool table. The signal goes on to strike objects hidden around the corner. Some of the radar signal bounces back to detectors mounted on the car, allowing the system to see objects around the corner and tell whether they are moving or stationary.
“One-Way” Electronic DevicesTBMG-3779910/1/2020
Waves — whether they are light waves, sound waves, or any other kind — travel in the same manner in forward and reverse directions. This is known as the principle of reciprocity. If waves could be routed in one direction only — breaking reciprocity — many applications could be transformed by enabling “one-way” components such as circulators and isolators that enable two-way communication, which could double the data capacity of today's wireless networks. These components are essential to quantum computers that read a qubit without disturbing it. They are also critical to radar systems in self-driving cars or those used by the military.
Making Data Logging, Replay and Prototyping More Efficient20AVEP07_057/1/2020
High levels of continuity and compatibility are vital to avoid interruptions in the development process - and reduce cost. The development of advanced driver assistance (ADAS) and highly automated driving systems poses great challenges for OEM and supplier engineers. It is important, therefore, that powerful, flexibly configurable development systems optimally support the various use cases in data-driven development to make it as efficient as possible. In the case of functionality for both ADAS autonomous driving, the chain of effects can be divided into several steps, starting with environment detection with the aid of extensive sensor technology - including camera, radar, lidar and ultrasonics - and ending with the final implementation of the driving strategy and actuator control (Fig. 2).
Mertens, Frank, Müller, Marius
Radar Testing with an O-scope20AVEP07_097/1/2020
Four-channel oscilloscopes are ideal for characterizing the new generation of automotive radar sensors, as two experts explain. A new generation of compact radar sensors with long range and high resolution is under development for automated driver-assistance systems (ADAS) and future fully autonomous vehicles. Operating in the frequency range from 76 GHz to 81 GHz, these sensors use phased-array antennas to obtain location information. The accuracy of the obtained data is directly correlated to the accuracy of the relative phase angles of the emitted signals, making precise adjustment of the antenna system a crucial factor for precision. Characterization of these sensors in the development phase requires sophisticated testing and measurement equipment due to the high frequencies. Oscilloscopes are ideal for this because they can simultaneously analyze multiple signals and precisely compare them. While some spectrum analyzers offer dynamic range and sophisticated analysis features, they
Flemming, Ernst, Ritter, Andreas
Battle Command SystemTBMG-371016/1/2020
Northrop Grumman Corp. Falls Church, VA 703-280-2900
Drivable Area Detection and Vehicle Localization Based on Multi-Sensor Information2020-01-10274/14/2020
Multi-sensor information fusion framework is the eyes for unmanned driving and Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) to perceive the surrounding environment. In addition to the perception of the surrounding environment, real-time vehicle localization is also the key and difficult point of unmanned driving technology. The disappearance of high-precision GPS signal suddenly and defect of the lane line will bring much more difficult and dangerous for vehicle localization when the vehicle is on unmanned driving. In this paper, a road boundary feature extraction algorithm is proposed based on multi-sensor information fusion of automotive radar and vision to realize the auxiliary localization of vehicles. Firstly, we designed a 79GHz (78-81GHz) Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) millimeter-wave radar, which can obtain the point cloud information of road boundary features such as guardrail or green belt and so on. Secondly, the boundary feature of the drivable area will be extracted based on image
Bai, Jie, Li, Sen, Wang, Jinzhu, Huang, Libo, Dong, Lianfei, Tong, Panpan
IMM-KF Algorithm for Multitarget Tracking of On-Road Vehicle2020-01-01174/14/2020
Tracking vehicle trajectories is essential for autonomous vehicles and advanced driver-assistance systems to understand traffic environment and evaluate collision risk. In order to reduce the position deviation and fluctuation of tracking on-road vehicle by millimeter-wave radar (MMWR), an interactive multi-model Kalman filter (IMM-KF) tracking algorithm including data association and track management is proposed. In general, it is difficult to model the target vehicle accurately due to lack of vehicle kinematics parameters, like wheel base, uncertainty of driving behavior and limitation of sensor’s field of view. To handle the uncertainty problem, an interacting multiple model (IMM) approach using Kalman filters is employed to estimate multitarget’s states. Then the compensation of radar ego motion is achieved, since the original measurement is under the radar polar coordinate system. Taking into account the real-time performance of the algorithm and the distinguishability of vehicles
Xu, Puhang, Xiong, Lu, Zeng, Dequan, Deng, Zhenwen, Li, Zhuoren
Research on Tracking Algorithm for Forward Target-Vehicle Using Millimeter-Wave Radar2020-01-07024/14/2020
In order to solve such problems that the millimeter-wave radar is of large computation, poor robustness and low precision of the target tracking algorithm, this paper presents an algorithmic framework for millimeter-wave radar tracking of target-vehicles. The target measurement information outside the millimeter- wave radar detection range is eliminated by the data plausibility judgment method based on the millimeter-wave radar detection parameters. Target clustering is made using Manhattan distance, to eliminate clutter interference and cluster multiple target measurements into one. The data association is made by use of nearest neighbor to determine the correspondence between information received measured by the radar and the real target. The vehicle is the key detection target of the vehicle millimeter-wave radar during road driving. These target-vehicles generally have no vertical movement or small moving speed in the vertical direction, so only the movement of the target-vehicle
Song, Shiping, Wu, Jian, Yang, Yu, He, Rui, Chen, Xuesong, Li, Xin
Modeling and Design of an Autonomous Dragster2020-01-07114/14/2020
This work outlines the design, modeling and development of a competition eliminator dragster which is a specialized vehicle built to compete in the National Hot Rod Association (NHRA). A simple control strategy was also developed once the vehicle model was validated. Towards that end, redundant braking, steering, throttle and shifting systems were all redesigned, modeled, and then implemented in vehicle. Three key sensors (camera, radar, lidar) were also integrated on to the vehicle to enable the vehicle to know its position relative to the track. All these systems were developed and designed such that the vehicle could be autonomously but seamlessly overridden by an in-vehicle driver.
Bell, Joseph, Donikian, Vatche, Washington, Gregory
Secure Optical Mobile Local Communications Systems Support Royal NavyTBMG-366114/1/2020
Link Microtek Hampshire, UK +44 (0)1256 355771
System Allows Diabetics to Monitor Blood Sugar Without Drawing BloodTBMG-357901/1/2020
Radar and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have been combined in a system that detects changes in glucose levels without the need for painful finger pricks. The technology could be a smart watch that continuously monitors glucose.
Using 24 GHz Doppler Radar Sensors for Noncontact Human Vitals DetectionTBMG-3562312/1/2019
Health and wellness monitoring is a primary way to manage personal health and awareness for a healthy lifestyle. Many wearable activity tracking devices, smart watches, and smartphone applications collect and analyze data from bodily sources. Other types of devices used to monitor vital signs can help the wearer manage health issues but can limit the wearer’s mobility or cause discomfort if worn continuously. These restrictions have prompted a growing interest in developing noncontact, wireless devices to detect vital signs, especially for people who are unconscious, sleeping, very young, elderly, or infirm. This article explains why 24 GHz Doppler radar sensors are useful for such devices and highlights some of the features suitable for meeting these applications.
Software-Defined Analog Filters: A Paradigm Shift in Radio Filter Performance and CapabilityTBMG-3566512/1/2019
Among the most abundant components in all wireless system designs, analog RF filters are used to block interference from various internal and external sources. Limited spectrum divided among an ever-increasing number of users is further driving the need for these ubiquitous but in some ways anachronistic devices. Currently, interference is quite common among cellular base stations, satellite systems, radar installations, and other types of access and backhaul communications systems. Traditional filters are unable to cope with the requirements; in many cases, most often due to insufficient guard bandf. For example, in some international locales, LTE base stations and satellite receivers share the L-band frequencies. At around 3.5 GHz, 5G operators, CBRS radios, and military radars are trying to co-exist. To address this in-band interference, a new, tunable filtering technology is entering the marketplace, uniquely blending the best of both analog and digital technologies.
Software-Defined Analog Filters: A Paradigm Shift in Radio Filter Performance and Capability19AERP12_0512/1/2019
Among the most abundant components in all wireless system designs, analog RF filters are used to block interference from various internal and external sources. Limited spectrum divided among an ever-increasing number of users is further driving the need for these ubiquitous but in some ways anachronistic devices. Currently, interference is quite common among cellular base stations, satellite systems, radar installations, and other types of access and backhaul communications systems. Traditional filters are unable to cope with the requirements; in many cases, most often due to insufficient guard bandf. For example, in some international locales, LTE base stations and satellite receivers share the L-band frequencies. At around 3.5 GHz, 5G operators, CBRS radios, and military radars are trying to co-exist. To address this in-band interference, a new, tunable filtering technology is entering the marketplace, uniquely blending the best of both analog and digital technologies.
Low-Bandwidth Radar Technology Provides Improved Detection of ObjectsTBMG-3569012/1/2019
Radar technologies were originally designed to identify and track airborne military targets. Today, they're more often used to detect motor vehicles, weather formations, and geological terrain. Until now, scientists believed that radar accuracy and resolution are related to the range of frequencies or radio bandwidth used by the devices. A new approach inspired by optical coherence tomography (OCT) requires little to no bandwidth to accurately create a high-resolution map of a radar's surrounding environment. The new technology has numerous applications, especially with respect to the automotive industry.
Autonomous Multi-Sensor Maritime Awareness SystemTBMG-3536410/1/2019
BIRD Aerosystems Herzliya, Israel
Shape-Shifting Origami Could Help Antenna Systems Adapt On-the-FlyTBMG-351079/1/2019
Conventional reconfigurable electrical and radio frequency (RF) structures commonly used in applications involving real-time reconfigurability in response to fast varying operational scenarios require specialized substrates or complex electrical circuits. Origami-based RF reconfigurable components and modules offer a solution with unique properties. First, they enable re-configurability over continuous-state ranges (as opposed to discrete states). Second, they do not require specialized mechanical support for multilayer frequency-selective surface structures. Moreover, deployable origami-based RF structures can achieve large surface re-configurability ratios from folded to unfolded states. Finally, these structures allow for independent control of multiple figures of merit: bandwidth, frequency of operation, and angle of incidence.
Summary of the High Ice Water Content (HIWC) RADAR Flight Campaigns2019-01-20276/10/2019
NASA and the FAA conducted two flight campaigns to quantify onboard weather radar measurements with in-situ measurements of high concentrations of ice crystals found in deep convective storms. The ultimate goal of this research was to improve the understanding of high ice water content (HIWC) and develop onboard weather radar processing techniques to detect regions of HIWC ahead of an aircraft to enable tactical avoidance of the potentially hazardous conditions. Both HIWC RADAR campaigns utilized the NASA DC-8 Airborne Science Laboratory equipped with a Honeywell RDR-4000 weather radar and in-situ microphysical instruments to characterize the ice crystal clouds. The purpose of this paper is to summarize how these campaigns were conducted and highlight key results. The first campaign was conducted in August 2015 with a base of operations in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. Ten research flights were made into deep convective systems that included Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS) near the Gulf
Ratvasky, Thomas, Harrah, Steven, Strapp, J. Walter, Lilie, Lyle, Proctor, Fred, Strickland, Justin, Hunt, Patricia, Bedka, Kristopher, Diskin, Glenn, Nowak, John B., Bui, T. P., Bansemer, Aaron, Dumont, Christopher
How Dual Polarization Technique May Improve Weather Radar on Commercial Aircraft2019-01-19826/10/2019
The airborne weather radar on a commercial aircraft is essential to ensure flight safety. It is able to detect severe weather, probable areas where presence of hail may be suspected, and thanks to its Doppler capability, the wind shears that may be dangerous when taking-off or landing. However, because it operates at X-band, the picture that it offers to the pilot may be seriously biased in situation of severe weather, in reason of the attenuation of the radar wave. The adoption of the dual pol technique in this weather radar would be most beneficial for the quality of the information delivered to the pilot for the following reasons: 1 Dual pol technique allows to operate a classification of the precipitation: distinguishing rain, melting layer, snow, hail, small ice particles. 2 Dual pol technique allows correcting the return signal for attenuation in rain. The paper aims reporting recent advances in the exploitation of dual pol radar data, based on the concept of normalisation of the
Testud, Jacques Victor, Moreau, Emmanuel, Le Bouar, Erwan
Radar Detection of High Concentrations of Ice Particles - Methodology and Preliminary Flight Test Results2019-01-20286/10/2019
High Ice Water Content (HIWC) has been identified as a primary causal factor in numerous engine events over the past two decades. Previous attempts to develop a remote detection process utilizing modern commercial radars have failed to produce reliable results. This paper discusses the reasons for previous failures and describes a new technique that has shown very encouraging accuracy and range performance without the need for any modifications to industry’s current radar design(s). The performance of this new process was evaluated during the joint NASA/FAA HIWC RADAR II Flight Campaign in August of 2018. Results from that evaluation are discussed, along with the potential for commercial application, and development of minimum operational performance standards for future radar products.
Harrah, Steven, Strickland, Justin, Hunt, Patricia, Proctor, Fred, Switzer, George, Ratvasky, Thomas, Strapp, J. Walter, Lilie, Lyle, Dumont, Christopher
High Altitude Ice Crystal Detection with Aircraft X-band Weather Radar2019-01-20266/10/2019
During participation on EU FP7 HAIC project, Honeywell has developed methodology to detect High Altitude Ice Crystals with the Honeywell IntuVue® RDR-4000 X-band Weather Radar. The algorithm utilizes 3D weather buffer of RDR-4000 weather radar and is based on machine learning. The modified RDR-4000 Weather Radar was successfully flight tested during 2016 HAIC Validation Campaign; the technology was granted Technology Readiness Level 6 by HAIC consortium. After the end of HAIC project, the method was also evaluated with respect to newly set preliminary industry standard performance requirements1. This paper discuses technology design rationale, high level technology architecture, technology performance, and challenges associated with performance evaluation.
Lukas, Jan, Badin, Pavel
Monitoring Vital Signs Using RadarTBMG-345566/1/2019
A radar system can wirelessly monitor the vital signs of patients, eliminating the need to hook them up to any machines.
Multi-Domain Model for Rotorcraft Countermeasure DispensingF-0075-2019-146505/13/2019
A multi-domain Eulerian/Lagrangian approach for modeling transient behavior of countermeasures released from tactical rotorcraft is being developed, that tracks chaff/flares/pyrophorics properties from initial dispensing and bloom, through entrainment within the rotorcraft flowfield, to final settling to the ground. Development of the software leverages extensive prior simulation and experimental work conducted at CDI on droplet and particle modeling, fuel jettisoning, agricultural airborne spraying applications, icing accretion, brownout cloud simulation, and store separation clearance determination. The software is designed for supporting applications that include chaff dispenser mounting design, piloted simulation training and tactics development, and radar cross-section (RCS) determination and engagement simulations. The code couples in CDI's real-time free wake analysis to support the development of accurate time-varying signature calculations and expands the potential for
McKillip, Robert, Quackenbush, Todd
Speed and Maneuverability Benefits of Sikorsky's X2 Technology versus Air-Defense ArtilleryF-0075-2019-146565/13/2019
An aircraft's survivability in a hostile environment is a mixture of factors that stem from both susceptibility and vulnerability. Conducting analyses that incorporate these factors into a blended solution is vital. One such analysis was conducted using the government-provided Air-Defense Artillery (ADA) simulation tool Radar Directed Gun System (RADGUNS). RADGUNS provides a three-dimensional engagement space to conduct one versus one encounters against Radio Frequency (RF) guided threats. Complex user-generated flight paths can be simulated with varying relative starting locations of the aircraft relative to the threat being considered. The simulations conducted incorporated various aircraft parameters. Aircraft velocity, acceleration rates, deceleration rates, vulnerable area, and radar cross section (RCS) were the primary parameters whose effects were investigated. For each encounter, the Probability of Hit (P H) and Probability of Kill given a Hit (P K|H) were calculated
Foote, Bjorn, Robeson, Mark, Kaye, Jordan, Weintraub, Alexander, Kiser, Jay, Camp, Daniel
High-Performance, Current-Steering Digital-to-Analog ConverterTBMG-343955/1/2019
A current-steering digital-to-analog converter (DAC) was developed that achieves improved switching times (up to 75% faster) in high-speed (gigahertz), high-resolution (8-14 bits) applications resulting in improvement of spurious free dynamic range (SFDR).
Application of Collision Probability Estimation to Calibration of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems2019-01-11334/2/2019
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) are designed and calibrated rigorously to provide them with the robustness against highly uncertain environments that they usually operate in. Typical calibration procedures for such systems rely extensively on track (controlled environment) testing, which is time-consuming, expensive, and sometimes cannot cover all the critical test scenarios that could be encountered by ADAS in the real world. Therefore, virtual (simulation-based) testing and validation has been gaining more prominence and emphasis for ensuring high coverage along with easier scalability and usage. This paper attempts to provide an alternative approach for calibrating ADAS in the controller validation phase by the aid of simulated test case scenarios. The study executes characterization of the uncertainty in the position and heading of the ego and the obstacle vehicles. This exercise captures the uncertainties in the states detection of vehicles in the environment and
Bithar, Vivek, Karumanchi, Aditya
Vision System for Detecting a Small Object at Far Range2019-01-08864/2/2019
As one of the advanced sensing technologies of Autonomous driving, we have started developing the new vision system. It focuses on detecting the small object at far ranges. It makes it possible to detour a vehicle along the traffic cones (small object). This system is based on the high-resolution mono-camera with narrow FOV and the algorithms for object-detection/ranging and lane-detection. A prototype is created and evaluated. It could detect the cones and estimate their ranges up to 150 [m]. The range accuracy is 5.3 [m]. Plural cones at different ranges can be measure at one time. The lane detection could reach 150 [m].
Miyahara, Shunji, Li, Huan, Xie, Kunpeng, Bai, Bai Jincheng
System Enables Direct Data Transmission Between Underwater and Airborne DevicesTBMG-341654/1/2019
Today, underwater sensors cannot share data with those on land, as both use different wireless signals that only work in their respective mediums. Radio signals that travel through air die very rapidly in water. Acoustic signals, or sonar, sent by underwater devices mostly reflect off the surface without ever breaking through. This causes inefficiencies and other issues for a variety of applications such as ocean exploration and submarine-to-plane communication.
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