Browse Topic: Integrated circuits

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Guidelines for Specifying LVDTs and RVDTsARP5554 (Current)11/26/2025
As per Committee/Henry E. Harschburger recommendations
A-6B1 Hydraulic Servo Actuation Committee
682 Guidance for Air Transport Service Bulletins (TEST POPST CT and APPSEARCH)ARINC682 (Current)09/21/2022
This document provides industry guidance to supplement ATA standards and airframe requirements, addressing gaps and vague areas to move suppliers/vendors and airframers toward a common standard for format and wording in Vendor Service Bulletins (VSB) for Air Transport components. This document supplements the VSB guidance of iSpec 2200, providing clarity of requirements and resulting in a common standard wording and format of VSBs from all suppliers on all aircraft types. The guidance in this document is intended to be applied to VSBs created and released subsequent to the release of the guidance document and will not require the retroactive update of VSBs released prior to the creation and release of the guidance.
Researchers Develop Rapid Lab-on-a-Chip for Cancer, COVID DiagnosticsTBMG-4646209/01/2022
A research center based at the University of Kansas that develops rapid next-generation tests for a host of human ailments like cancer, stroke, and COVID-19 recently earned $6.6 million in continued funding over the next five years from the National Institutes of Health’s National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) as a National Biotechnology Resource (P41) Center.
On the Fly Nonintrusive MCU Data Acquisition through Remote Access While Driving a Vehicle 2022-01-006203/29/2022
In recent years, big data has become a strong new influencer on the economic aspects of our society and even more in our daily lives as individuals. New embedded capabilities within microcontrollers allow non-intrusive methods for the collection of data while not compromising safety, security, or real-time performance. The biggest challenge is allowing seamless and flexible collection of this data without creating additional CPU load to the existing application software. Some topics need to be addressed, like observing data without changing the ECU software during run-time or any safety requirements being violated. Additionally, any hazardous malfunction of the car due to missed real-time constrainsts must be avoided. Only allowed authorized users have access to the observed data and code. The monitoring configuration needs to be flexible allowing on-the-fly adaptability to scope the data. Providing data to the cloud has other applications apart from the big data analysis. For example
Bulmus, Atilla, Shuaibi, Nasser, Ellis, Patrick, Nitoiu, Alexandra-Daniela, Wunderlich, Chris, Scheibert, Klaus, Gutjahr, Tobias, Collins, Todd
Software Test-in-Production framework on a microcontroller environment 2022-01-011703/29/2022
In-vehicle software is rapidly growing to meet the demands of newer features and high-variability of real-world scenarios, which leads to a costly and lengthy software validation process. This growth is resulting from consumer expectations of new vehicle features and OEM competition to release these features bug free and on time. As a result, the software time-to-market becomes very short requiring new software features to be developed and validated much faster than in the past. While traditional validation methods and modern virtual validation environments can cover testing up to a particular level, it is challenging to cover certain real-world scenarios. The current approach to covering these scenarios often relies on data collected from long vehicle test trips that contribute to the validation cost and time. In this paper, a new validation method is discussed which utilizes high volumes of production vehicles to validate features in real-world scenarios. We will discuss the
Shuaibi, Nasser, Phillips, Anthony, Grix, Jason, Paredes, Jose
Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedures for Integrated Circuits - Integrated Circuit EMC Measurement Procedures - General and DefinitionsJ1752/1_202109 (Current)09/21/2021
This SAE Recommended Practice provides supporting information for the emission and immunity measurement procedures defined in the SAE J1752 series of documents.
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Standards
FPGA Implementation of In-Cycle Closed-Loop Combustion Control Methods2021-24-002409/05/2021
This paper investigates the FPGA resources for the implementation of in-cycle closed-loop combustion control algorithms. Closed-loop combustion control obtains feedback from fast in cylinder pressure measurements for accurate and reliable information about the combustion progress, synchronized with the flywheel encoder. In cycle combustion control requires accurate and fast computations for their real-time execution. A compromise between accuracy and computation complexity must be selected for an effective combustion control. The requirements on the signal processing (evaluation rate and digital resolution) are investigated. A common practice for the combustion supervision is to monitor the heat release rate. For its calculation, different methods for the computation of the cylinder volume and heat capacity ratio are compared. Combustion feedback requires of virtual sensors for the misfire detection, burnt fuel mass and pressure prediction. Different alternatives proposed in the
Jorques Moreno, Carlos, Stenlaas, Ola, Tunestal, Per
Ka-Band Front-End Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits (MMICs) and Transmit/Receive (T/R) Modules Testing21AERP08_0908/01/2021
Gallium nitride monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) technology has superior performance in power amplifier applications, as well as for low-noise amplifiers with high dynamic range and the ability to survive large, potentially damaging input power levels without the need for additional limiters at the system level. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland The US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has been evaluating and designing efficient broadband high-power amplifiers for use in sensors, communications, networking, and electronic warfare (EW). ARL submitted designs of Ka-band low-noise amplifiers (LNAs), power amplifiers (PAs), and transmit/receive (T/R) switches using Qorvo Inc.'s high-performance 0.15-μm gallium nitride (GaN) fabrication process. These amplifiers were fabricated as one- and two-stage designs, as well as integrated T/R modules for bidirectional transceivers as part of a recent ARL Qorvo Prototype Wafer Option
Graphene “Nano-Origami” Creates Tiny MicrochipsTBMG-3960408/01/2021
Tiny microchips can be made from graphene and other two-dimensional (2D) materials using a form of “nano-origami.” By creating kinks in the structure of graphene, researchers made the nanomaterial behave like a transistor and showed that when a strip of graphene is crinkled in this way, it can behave like a microchip that is around 100 times smaller than conventional microchips.
Comparison between Different Modelling Methods of Secondary Path to Maximize Control Effect for Active Engine Mounts2021-01-066804/06/2021
Active engine mount (AEM) is an effective approach which can optimize the noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) performance of vehicles. The filtered-x-least-mean-squares (FxLMS) algorithm is widely applicated for vibration attenuation in AEMs. However, the performance of FxLMS algorithm can be deteriorated without an accurate secondary path estimation. First, this paper models the secondary path using finite impulse response (FIR) model, infinite impulse response (IIR) model and back propagation (BP) neural network model and the model errors of which are compared to determine the most accurate and robust modeling method. After that, the influence of operation frequency on accuracy of the secondary path model is analyzed through simulation approach. Then, the impact of reference signal mismatch on the control effect is demonstrated to study the robustness of FxLMS algorithm. Finally, a test bench is established to optimize other control parameters and validate the performance of the
Zhou, Ziwei, Guo, Rong, Xu, Shuheng
Helicopter Cabin ComputerTBMG-3853702/01/2021
Abaco Systems Huntsville, AL 1-866-652-2226
An Ultrafast Testbed for Comprehensive Characterization of Photonics, Electronic, and Optoelectronic Properties of Integrated Nanophotonic Structures21AERP02_0802/01/2021
High-speed testing technology will enable advances such as new digital signal processing/computing platforms in the optical domain through the development of innovative high-speed and low-power nonlinear optical processing cores that can be co-integrated with digital signal processors to enable new functionalities. Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina An ultrafast testbed for the characterization of high-speed integrated photonic devices such as high-speed integrated photonic modulators and detectors was developed. A major requirement in performing successful research in this field is the availability of ultra-fast optoelectronic characterization tools that facilitate the study of ultrafast low-power devices and systems (e.g., modulators, switches, detectors). The accompanying figure shows a schematic of the characterization test-bed, which is used to measure the optical, electronic, and optoelectronic properties of an integrated photonic structure. The sample
Radiation Effects on Electronics in Aligned Carbon Nanotube Technology (RadCNT)TBMG-3853202/01/2021
The main objective of the RadCNT program was the characterization of fundamental mechanisms and charge transport phenomena governing the interactions between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation with carbon-based (nanotube and graphene) field-effect transistors (FETs) devices and integrated circuits (ICs). This effort was supported through the fabrication of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) FETs at the University of Southern California’s (USC) Nanotechnology Research Laboratory and through a collaboration with the Naval Research Laboratories (NRL) for radiation testing and expertise in radiation effects characterization.
An Ultrafast Testbed for Comprehensive Characterization of Photonics, Electronic, and Optoelectronic Properties of Integrated Nanophotonic StructuresTBMG-3852702/01/2021
An ultrafast testbed for the characterization of high-speed integrated photonic devices such as high-speed integrated photonic modulators and detectors was developed. A major requirement in performing successful research in this field is the availability of ultra-fast optoelectronic characterization tools that facilitate the study of ultrafast low-power devices and systems (e.g., modulators, switches, detectors).
Software-Connected Wafer Level Reliability TestTBMG-3835301/01/2021
A key measure driving performance in semiconductor integrated circuits (ICs) is reliability. As ICs continue to become smaller and chip complexity increases, manufacturers need to ensure they can continue to provide the same level of reliability to their customers for mission-critical end applications.
Protecting AV Control Circuits21AVEP01_0801/01/2021
The mission-critical subsystems must be robust and reliable to ensure driver and passenger safety. The safety and convenience offered by autonomous vehicles (AVs) cannot be achieved unless the vehicle's electronic circuits are highly reliable and robust to electrical shocks. Designers can substantially reduce the risk of circuit failures by providing overcurrent protection, transient surge protection, electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection, and reverse polarity protection. Strategies for circuit protection should begin with three mission-critical AV subsystems: camera, radar, and ADAS.
Colby, Jim
2020 Create the Future Design Contest: Electronics/Sensors/IoT Category Winner – PrintIC Flexible CircuitsTBMG-3822112/01/2020
Replacing Multiple RF Receivers with Just One Using ChannelizationTBMG-3824312/01/2020
From the early days of analog radio receivers to the superheterodyne channelized receivers of today, many things have changed. Today, different technologies are in use and their capabilities have grown immensely. This article will give you a brief overview of the development of radio receivers. Furthermore, it will show how channelization has made it possible to use one radio receiver to listen to many different radio stations simultaneously.
Replacing Multiple RF Receivers with Just One Using Channelization20AERP12_0512/01/2020
From the early days of analog radio receivers to the super-heterodyne channelized receivers of today, many things have changed. Today, different technologies are in use and their capabilities have grown immensely. This article will give you a brief overview of the development of radio receivers. Furthermore, it will show how channelization has made it possible to use one radio receiver to listen to many different radio stations simultaneously.
Solid-State Sensor for Detection and Characterization of Electric FieldsTBMG-3799011/01/2020
NASA’s Langley Research Center has developed a solid-state integrated circuit based on a field effect transistor (FET). Called ergFET, the sensor characterizes the electronic properties of materials, allowing for detection of items like baggage, wiring, and liquids, and can even be used for medical imaging such as remote EKG.
Lab-On-Chip Flow and Temperature SensorTBMG-3798911/01/2020
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has developed a sensor for microanalytical systems that measures, in real time, the flow rate and temperature of the liquid being sampled. Current sensors divert the liquid to separate temperature and flow sensors, which can result in fluid leakage and the need for a larger initial sample. This design eliminates that diversion. The system sensors measure flow rates in the nanoliter-per-minute range and temperatures from greater than 150 °C down to below -80 °C.
Patches Detect When a Viral Disease Is About to Get WorseTBMG-3807811/01/2020
Just before a viral illness such as the flu or COVID-19 worsens, bodies start producing more inflammatory biomarkers, and the concentrations of these biomarkers in bodily fluids increases. Therefore by continuously monitoring these biomarker concentrations on our skin’s surface, doctors can spot such turns for the worse and act immediately, preventing complications and saving lives.
Industrial-Grade Open SourceTBMG-3782910/01/2020
Much of today's consumer-facing applications and behind-the-scenes computing infrastructure are built using open source software. Also, in recent years, a growing “maker” community has created do-it-yourself computing and automation projects based on open source software and commercial microcontrollers like the Raspberry Pi and Arduino. These efforts are widely accepted due to the flexibility, convenience, and low cost of open source.
Wavy Surfaces for Better Light ControlTBMG-3781910/01/2020
The Internet owes its power to countless light pulses with which enormous amounts of data are sent around the globe via optical fibers. To steer and control these light pulses, various technologies are employed. One of the oldest and most important is the diffraction grating, which deflects light of different colors in precisely determined directions. For decades, scientists have been trying to improve the design and production of diffraction gratings to make them suitable for today's demanding applications. Researchers now have developed a new method by which more efficient and more precise diffraction gratings can be produced.
Mass-Producible, Centimeter-Scale MetalensTBMG-3779510/01/2020
Metalenses — flat surfaces that use nanostructures to focus light — are used in everything from microscopy to sensors, cameras, and displays. But so far, most of the lenses have been about the size of a piece of glitter. While lenses this size work well for some applications, a larger lens is needed for low-light conditions.
A System and Method to Determine Soak Time2020-01-201609/15/2020
In a competitive engineering business world, there is a constant demand to meet stringent emissions and on board diagnostic (OBD) regulations in a cost-effective manner. Engineers are tasked with the responsibility to innovate and design solutions around cost-cutting measures that involve reducing bill of material costs on the printed circuit board (PCB). Varied features in commercial application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) devices makes it more challenging to create consistent engineering design methods to provide critical inputs for controls and diagnostic strategies. In addition, continuous evolution of the emissions and OBD regulations in the different markets make it challenging for ASIC design manufacturers to evolve their hardware designs quickly. One such input is soak time. Soak time is typically defined as the amount of time the engine has been turned off. Emission controls and OBD algorithms use soak time to enable cold and hot start processing strategies. There are
Sundar, Bharath, Allen, William J.
Soft Robotic Insect Survives Being Flattened by a FlyswatterTBMG-3763109/01/2020
Researchers have developed a soft robotic insect propelled at 3 cm per second by artificial muscles.
When Every Second Counts … Important Considerations for Respiratory Ventilator DesignTBMG-3759209/01/2020
Today, more than ever before, “never fail” operation of emergency and critical care equipment is a need, not an option. Devices such as ventilators provide life-maintaining oxygen, and the recent pandemic has increased demand for these devices. Ventilators are mission-critical to sustaining life and require a robust design to ensure they maintain the necessary up-time for patient care.
Wiegand Wire: Energy Harvesting and MoreTBMG-3738708/01/2020
The “Wiegand effect” was discovered more than 40 years ago and while it has been used successfully in several specialized applications, its full potential for energy harvesting and signal generation has received only limited recognition. With enhancements to the energy output from Wiegand devices and the emergence of a new generation of ultra-efficient electronic chips, the technology is showing significant promise, especially in the exciting area of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT).
Cryogenic-Capable Isolators Improve the Performance of Millimeter-Wave Systems by Lowering Noise Levels20AERP08_0508/01/2020
Silence is golden when it comes to filtering out unwanted reflected noise, especially in extremely high-frequency, millimeter-wave (MMW) applications. While recent improvements in isolator designs are solving many of these problems, one critical challenge remains: finding isolators that operate optimally under cryogenic conditions. For manufacturers of ultra-high-frequency wireless applications such as 5G and 6G communications, standoff security scanning, and military defense products, the issue of MMW and cryogenics is relatively new. In fact, some system designers may still be unaware that an isolator built to operate at room temperatures will fail to operate optimally when temperatures are reduced to cryogenic levels.
Device “Hears” Disease Through Structures Housing CellsTBMG-3747708/01/2020
Similar to how a picked lock indicates someone has broken into a building, the stiffening of a structure surrounding cells in the human body can indicate that cancer is invading other tissue. Monitoring changes to this structure, called the extracellular matrix, would give researchers another way to study the progression of disease. But detecting changes to the extracellular matrix is hard to do without damaging it.
Cryogenic-Capable Isolators Improve the Performance of Millimeter-Wave Systems by Lowering Noise LevelsTBMG-3737208/01/2020
Silence is golden when it comes to filtering out unwanted reflected noise, especially in extremely high-frequency, millimeter-wave (MMW) applications. While recent improvements in isolator designs are solving many of these problems, one critical challenge remains: finding isolators that operate optimally under cryogenic conditions.
Simple Device Monitors Health Using SweatTBMG-3735208/01/2020
A device that monitors health conditions in the body using a person's sweat has been developed by Penn State and Xiangtan University researchers, according to Huanyu “Larry” Cheng, assistant professor of engineering science and mechanics, Penn State.
Photonic Microwave Generation Using On-Chip Optical Frequency CombsTBMG-3719107/01/2020
In our information society, the synthesis, distribution, and processing of radio and microwave signals are ubiquitous in wireless networks, telecommunications, and radars. The current tendency is to use carriers in higher frequency bands, especially with looming bandwidth bottlenecks due to demands for, e.g., 5G and the Internet of Things (IoT). Microwave photonics, a combination of microwave engineering and optoelectronics, might offer a solution.
5 Important ESD Protection Considerations for Augmented Reality WearablesTBMG-3722407/01/2020
Those of us who wear vision correction glasses are used to seeing the world through lenses. New technologies will allow a virtual world to be layered on top of the real world that we normally see. The lenses will become displays that allow us to see the “real” world that is augmented with overlaid information and images, creating an Augmented Reality (AR). An example would be the integration of navigation into the AR glasses to allow a user to walk through town with turn-by-turn instructions (visual or verbal) to help them easily get to their destination. Other examples include facial recognition, fitness tracking, first-person photos and videos, as well as health-sensing and travel applications (Figure 1).
Recording Device Could Help Development of Brainwave-Controlled Devices, Including ProstheticsTBMG-3723807/01/2020
The Frances Crick Institute London, UK
Single-Atom TransistorsTBMG-3722307/01/2020
Transistors consisting only of several-atom clusters or even single atoms could become the building blocks of a new generation of computers with unparalleled memory and processing power. But to realize the full potential of these tiny transistors — miniature electrical on-off switches — researchers must find a way to make many copies of these difficult-to-fabricate components.
Semiconductors Can Behave Like Metals and SuperconductorsTBMG-3719807/01/2020
Semiconductors are the active parts of transistors, integrated circuits, sensors, and LEDs. These materials, mostly based on silicon, are at the heart of today’s electronics industry. Metals, on the other hand, wire the active electronic components and are the framework for the devices.
Photonic Microwave Generation Using On-Chip Optical Frequency Combs20AERP06_0606/01/2020
In our information society, the synthesis, distribution, and processing of radio and microwave signals happen ubiquitously in wireless networks, telecommunications, and radars. The current tendency is to use carriers in higher frequency bands, especially with looming bandwidth bottlenecks due to demands for 5G and the Internet of Things. Microwave photonics, a combination of microwave engineering and optoelectronics, might offer a solution. A key building block of microwave photonics is optical frequency combs, which provide hundreds of equidistant and mutually coherent laser lines. They are ultrashort optical pulses emitted with a stable repetition rate that corresponds precisely to the frequency spacing of comb lines. The photodetection of the pulses produces a microwave carrier.
Device Modulates Light and Amplifies Tiny SignalsTBMG-3702406/01/2020
The miniscule movement of a single particle only one-tenth the diameter of a bacterium can induce sustained vibrations in an entire mechanical device that is 50 times larger. Using the interplay among light, electrons on the surface of metals, and heat, researchers created a plasmomechanical oscillator (PMO), so named because it tightly couples plasmons — the collective oscillations of electrons at the surface of a metal nanoparticle — to the mechanical vibrations of the much larger device in which it is embedded.
Photonic Microwave Generation Using On-Chip Optical Frequency CombsTBMG-3710706/01/2020
In our information society, the synthesis, distribution, and processing of radio and microwave signals happen ubiquitously in wireless networks, telecommunications, and radars. The current tendency is to use carriers in higher frequency bands, especially with looming bandwidth bottlenecks due to demands for 5G and the Internet of Things. Microwave photonics, a combination of microwave engineering and optoelectronics, might offer a solution.
Lab-on-a-Chip Enables “Liquid Biopsy” of Cancer CellsTBMG-3684705/01/2020
An ultra-sensitive diagnostic device was developed that enables “liquid biopsy” analysis. The device detects exosomes — tiny parcels of biological information produced by tumor cells to stimulate tumor growth or metastasize. Exosomes send messages to recipient cells and communicate molecular information important in many biological functions. While all cells produce exosomes, tumor cells are more active compared to normal cells.
Moving Precision Communication, Metrology, Quantum Applications from Lab to ChipTBMG-3687805/01/2020
The field of photonic integration — the area of photonics in which waveguides and devices are fabricated as an integrated system onto a flat wafer — is relatively young compared to electronics. Photonic integration has focused on communications applications traditionally fabricated on silicon chips, because these are less expensive and more easily manufactured.
Process Enables Manufacturing of Stretchy ElectronicsTBMG-3686505/01/2020
All electronic devices feature a hard computer chip, covered in many transistors and other semiconducting elements. Because computer chips are rigid, the electronic devices they power — such as smartphones, laptops, watches, and televisions — are similarly inflexible. A process was developed for manufacturing flexible electronics with multiple functionalities in a cost-effective way.
Radiation-Hardened Gain DigitizerTBMG-3683205/01/2020
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has developed a digitizer that can process a wide range of low-level signals in the presence of ionizing radiation. This novel digitizer overcomes the disadvantages of current technology including limited gain of the frontend amplifier circuits to fixed values, and amplifier saturation from the use of bandpass filtering rather than autozero.
Wirelessly Powered, Leadless PacemakerTBMG-3684505/01/2020
Approximately 30% of patients with chronic heart failure also have electrical conduction problems in their heart that require a type of therapy to resynchronize the heart’s conduction system in its two largest chambers. In these cases, doctors prescribe cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), which is delivered by long wires, called leads, attached to pacemakers to pace both of the bottom chambers of the heart.
Aerospace & Defense Technology: April 202020AERP0404/01/2020
Coiled Spring Pins What Do They Do? How Do You Install Them? Ruggedizing Coaxial and Fiber Optic Cable Assemblies from Mechanical Strain Bringing Turbine Power to Small Aircraft Bringing Turbine Power to Small Aircraft Limiting Creep in Aerospace Materials Advances in Millimeter-Wave Isolator Design Launch Manufacturers into Stratospheric Operating Frequencies NASA Prepares for the Moon and Mars with Expanded Deep Space Network A Focal Plane Array and Electronics Model for CMOS and CCD Sensors in the AFIT Sensor and Scene Emulation Tool Developing an improved model capable of generating realistic synthetic data that represents a wide range of systems can lead to new algorithms and data exploitation techniques. Deformation Sensing in Soft Bio-Surrogate Materials Accurate measurement of deformations occurring within or on soft materials has recently generated interest for its benefits to the fields of soft robotics and wearable biomedical sensors. Real Time Physiological Status
Delivering Self-driving Definitions20AVEP03_0903/01/2020
Shifting AV-safety validation from millions of miles driven to an understanding of the “quality” of simulation coverage. The auto industry is under increasing pressure to prove that autonomous vehicles (AV) can be safe. But before OEMs can begin to establish the necessary benchmarks for safety, the industry needs a common framework for describing the infinite scenarios and roadway variabilities that a self-driving vehicle might encounter. Foretellix, a Tel Aviv-based software company, is fulfilling that need with its Measurable Scenario Description Language (M-SDL), a machine- and human-readable programming language for AV validation. The open-source language, described in a 120-page technical document, has been downloaded by hundreds of engineers. Companies using M-SDL in pilot projects include Volkswagen. Foretify, Foretellix's software product, compiles high-level scenarios written in M-SDL into specific scenarios that are run via an application programming interface (API) in an AV
Berman, Bradley
Soft, Conformable Hearing ImplantsTBMG-3615903/01/2020
Close to half a million people around the world suffer from a serious hearing impairment. In some cases, they can find relief in cochlear and other types of implants. Yet these devices do not help people whose inner ear is damaged or whose auditory nerve does not function properly. For these patients to recover their sense of hearing, electrical signals must be sent directly to the auditory brainstem. The neuroprosthetic used for this purpose is called an auditory brainstem implant (ABI); however, the outcomes of ABIs are mixed and in many cases, patients recover only sound perception. Clinical ABIs are also stiff and cannot conform precisely to the curvature of the auditory brainstem.
Portable Device Helps Doctors Diagnose Sepsis FasterTBMG-3626703/01/2020
EPFL Lausanne, Switzerland
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