Browse Topic: Parts

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Cover Assembly, Electrical, for MS27212 Terminal Board AssemblyAS18029E (Current)10/02/2025
Scope is unavailable.
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
FERRULE, INNER, UNINSULATED, SHIELD TERMINATING , TYPE I, TWO PIECE, CLASS I, FOR SHIELDED CABLESAS21981B (Current)10/02/2025
SCOPE IS UNAVAILABLE.
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
Hydraulic Pump and Motor Mounting and Drive DimensionsJ744_202510 (Current)10/01/2025
This SAE Standard applies to hydraulic pumps and motors used on off-road self-propelled work machines as described in SAE J1116.
CTTC C1, Hydraulic Systems
Grease, Aircraft, General Purpose, Low Temperature Range, Lithium ThickenedAMS3052B (Current)09/30/2025
Committee AMS-M is establishing an Industry Managed Qualification Program through the remit of the Performance Review Institute which requires this specification to be revised to reference the qualification process and controlling documentation.
AMS M Aerospace Greases Committee
Elbow Assembly 45°, Flared Tube to Retained Nut, for Seal RingAS4316A (Current)09/29/2025
SCOPE IS UNAVAILABLE.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Impulse Testing of Hydraulic Tubing and Fittings, S-N CurveAS4265A (Current)09/29/2025
This aerospace test standard establishes the requirements and procedures for evaluating and comparing the impulse fatigue performance of high pressure hydraulic fittings and tubing. this test method may be used to test similar fluid system components, if desired.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Fitting, Assembly, Adapter Ring Locked Port Connection to Flared Tube EndAS1985E (Current)09/26/2025
No scope available.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Fitting, Adapter, Port, ReducerAS5172F (Current)09/26/2025
Scope is unavailable.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Bearing, Roller, Needle, Double Row, Heavy Duty, Track Roller, Sealed, Type VI, InchAS21439E (Current)09/19/2025
Scope is unavailable.
ACBG Rolling Element Bearing Committee
ELBOW ASSEMBLY 90°, FLARED TUBE TO ADJUSTABLE END, FOR SEAL RINGAS4303A (Current)05/02/2025
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
TEE ASSEMBLY, FLARED TUBE, ADJUSTABLE END ON SIDE, FOR SEAL RINGAS4306A (Current)05/02/2025
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
TEE ASSEMBLY, FLARED TUBE, RETAINED NUT ON RUN, FOR SEAL RINGAS4302A (Current)05/02/2025
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
TEE ASSEMBLY, FLARED TUBE, RETAINED NUT ON SIDE, FOR SEAL RINGAS4304A (Current)05/02/2025
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
TEE ASSEMBLY, FLARED TUBE, ADJUSTABLE END ON RUN, FOR SEAL RINGAS4305A (Current)05/02/2025
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
BALL BEARINGS.06000204/23/2025
HESS, HENRY
Research on Intake Sound Tuning Method by Valve Timing Modification for Enhance Sound Quality in V6 Outboard Engine2024-32-005904/18/2025
This paper explores methods to enhance the sound quality of V6 outboard engines. Previous research in the boat and outboard engine domain has underscored the importance of enhancing sound quality. Specific preferences and desired directions for outboard engine sound quality have been identified. It’s been suggested that controlling intake sound and gear noise is important to achieving desired sound quality according to customer preferences. However, there are few examples of methods for achieving this. This study aims to develop methods for enhancing sound quality by emphasizing low-frequency sounds through intake sound. Initially, various methods were evaluated, and intake valve timing modification was chosen. Simple simulations confirmed that delaying valve timing for some cylinders may introduce characteristics that are not present in conventional cases. Subsequent 1D simulations identified optimal intake valve timing, balancing intake pressure characteristics and horsepower
Muramatsu, Hideta, Matsumoto, Taro, Naoe, Gaku, Kondo, Takashi
Dependency of Gear Honing Machine Processing Accuracy on Machine Vibration and the Vibration Reduction Considering Contribution2024-32-002004/18/2025
In recent years, accurate gear processing is required for various products to improve efficient power transmission and small noise and vibration. On the other hand, the accuracy tends to be worse by high speed processing for increasing production efficiency. Therefore, we investigated relationship between gear honing machine vibration and the accuracy. The vibration acceleration of the honing machine was measured at various conditions, and the gear accuracy was measured after processing. As results, the accuracy was observed to be affected by both the original gear accuracy before honing processing and the gear secondary rotational vibration of the machine in operation. Subsequently, we applied transfer path analysis (TPA) to investigate which directional force in operation increased the vibration. As the results, the contribution from the input force at gear processing point along normal direction was the main contributor. Then, vibration transmission characteristics of the machine
Hanioka, Hiroaki, Ogawa, Yunosuke, Yoshida, Junji, Onishi, Yoichi, Kurokawa, Yasuhiro
Study on the Optimal Pre-Chamber Geometry for Active Pre-Chamber Gas Engines2024-32-002304/18/2025
In a pre-chamber engine, fuel in the main-chamber is ignited and combusted by the combustion gas injected from the pre-chamber. Therefore, further fuel dilution is possible and thermal efficiency can be also improved. However, adding a pre-chamber to an engine increases the number of design parameters which have a significant impact on the main combustion and the exhaust gas. Then, in this study, the optimum geometry of the pre-chamber in an active pre-chamber gas engine was investigated. The considered parameters were the volume of pre-chamber, the diameter of a nozzle hole, and the number of nozzle holes. 18 types of pre-chambers with different geometries were prepared. Using these pre-chambers, engine experiments under steady conditions were conducted while changing the conditions such as engine speeds, mean indicated pressure and air excess ratio. Based on the experimental data, neural network models were constructed that predict thermal efficiency, NOx and CO emissions from the
Yasuda, Kotaro, Yamasaki, Yudai, Sako, Takahiro, Takashima, Yoshitane, Suzuki, Kenta
A review of warm forming for steels: History, Methodology and Emerging trends2025-01-881404/01/2025
Many manufacturing techniques and process modifications have been implemented over the years to improve the formability of sheet metals. Warm forming of sheet metals is one such established method. However, it is more commonly and successfully applied to aluminum grades. The reevaluation of less-used metal forming technologies, such as warm forming and sheet hydroforming for steel, is a response to the challenges posed by competitive processes like large castings and the geometry requirements of new BEV parts. By understanding the effects of elevated temperatures (below recrystallization temperatures) on different steel grades and the impact of various heating methodologies, the industry can adapt and optimize these proven techniques for modern applications. This paper is a comprehensive summary of the effect of elevated temperatures on various grades of steel. Different heating techniques, their cycle times and effects on final forming feasibility is contrasted. The effect of
Kella, Caroline, Wormald, Tom, Gatts, Joshua
Analysis of Left-Turn Mixed Traffic Flow Dynamics at Y-Shaped Signalized Intersections Using Cellular Automata2025-01-720402/21/2025
Through the method of on-site video observation, this study divides the intersection area into three parts according to the road traffic characteristics of the Y-shaped signalized intersections, and at the same time obtains the relevant parameters. These parameters include the left-turn speed and traffic density of motor vehicles within both the internal and exit areas, the frequency of lane-changing and queuing behaviors of non-motorized vehicles in the internal area, and the left-turn speed and traffic density of non-motorized vehicles in both the internal and exit areas. The data extraction and analysis of the parameters provide strong data support for further analysis of the subsequent mixed traffic flow. A cellular automaton model is developed using the intersection’s exit area as the scenario. The exit area is divided into three lanes based on the queuing patterns of mixed traffic. Corresponding traffic rules are established according to the traffic density of motorized and non
Yuan, Li, Liu, Xiaowei
Maximizing the Potential of TPU Extrusion in Medical Tubing ApplicationsTBMG-5216412/01/2024
Whether for vascular catheters or implantable devices, medical tubing must meet tough standards for flexibility, strength, and biocompatibility. That’s why more manufacturers are turning to thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) that strike the ideal balance between these key properties, making them an excellent choice for high-performance medical tubing. Unlocking the best that TPUs have to offer means optimizing the extrusion process. This article looks at why TPUs are a top pick, the common obstacles in extrusion, and the ways manufacturers can fine-tune their process to get the most out of different grades.
Cable Carriers Promote Efficiency in an Autonomous Hospitality RobotTBMG-5218712/01/2024
Since the COVID-19 pandemic that advanced contactless service, robots are increasingly being seen conducting routine deliveries around hospitals and hotels. Developed by Robotise Technologies, JEEVES is one such autonomous service robot used in hotels, healthcare facilities, offices, airports, and other settings. Its main duty is to transport materials and products.
Aviation Safety Expert Unites Industry to Safeguard Aviation Supply ChainTBMG-5212812/01/2024
In the summer of 2023, a receiving clerk in the procurement department of TAP Air Portugal, a Lisbon-based airline, made a curious discovery: A $65 engine part that should have appeared brandnew showed signs of significant wear. The clerk checked the documentation from the London-based parts supplier and noticed that the submitted documentation was also suspicious.
These Speedy Cold Spray Machines Can 3D Print Vehicle Parts in War ZonesTBMG-5212212/01/2024
SAE TOMORROW TODAY BRIEFS: Experience the Thrill of Going Electric1347208/07/2024
Are you curious about EVs? Experience what it means to go electric at Electrify Expo, North America's largest electric vehicle festival. To learn more about this multi-city exhibition, Roberto Baldwin, Sustainability Editor, SAE Sustainable Mobility Solutions, sat down with BJ Birtwell, Founder & CEO, Electrify Expo, to discuss his passion for EVs and how giving consumers first-hand EV experiences can positively impact sales decisions. For more information on the evolution of sustainability, head on over to sustainablecareers.sae.org. There, you can learn about how EVs combat the cold with heat pumps and preconditioning.
Hineman, Marcie
A UNIVERSAL STEERING GROMMET DESIGN APPROACH TO ENHANCE THE PASSENGER CABIN NVH PERFORMANCE2024-26-020201/16/2024
As a car OEM, we continuously strive to set the bar for competitors with every product. Consumer travel experiences are enhanced by increasing passenger cabin silence. There is only one steering system opening in the firewall panel, which is used for allowing intermediate shaft's fitment on the pinion shaft of the steering gear. The steering grommet is the sole component that covers the firewall cut-out without disrupting steering operations, which has a substantial impact on the NVH performance of the vehicle. It is typically used in cars to eliminate engine noise and dust entering to passenger compartment. The part is assembled inside the vehicle where the steering intermediate shaft passing through BIW firewall panel. We use a bearing, plastic bush, or direct rubber interference design in the steering grommet to accommodate the rotational input the driver provides to turn the automobile. However, occasionally noise may be produced due to uneven bearing or plastic bush loading or a
J, Sadhish, Vijayarangan, Deepak
OPTIMIZATION OF OIL QUANTITY IN MANUAL TRANSMISSION AND REDUCING CHURNING LOSS2024-26-034601/16/2024
Gearbox efficiency losses are contributed by Oil seal rubbing, Synchro friction rubbing, Gear losses, bearing preload friction, windage losses, churning losses etc. Here in this experiment we have focused on quantifying and reducing the churning losses as well as verifying the lubrication requirements satisfactorily in all terrains and conditions. The paper establishes the effective way for evaluating same with over 80 trials conducted for conclusive proof. Gearboxes must work efficiently to get the job done properly and lubrication is vital to this efficiency. Lubricating oil is like the circulation system of a gearbox. If the oil levels fall too low, the gearbox will likely fail. Gearbox failure can lead to expensive repairs that could be prevented. Besides added costs due to replacement or repair, costs associated with a loss of production could be significant. These issues are why it is important to understand the consequences of having low lubricant levels. Similarly, higher oil
Lakshamanan, sundar
Novel Exhaust system architecture for Petroleum Oil Tanker Application vehicle2024-26-034501/16/2024
A large amount of heat given off by ATS on BS-VI exhaust system vehicle. Heat shield is required to protect the surrounding components. As per PESO (Petroleum and Explosives safety organization) guidelines for POL Application vehicle is that,(i)the surrounding temperature should not be more than 180° C and (ii) there is no spillage of any petroleum product to the bare surface of exhaust part directly. In BS-VI vehicle the heat given off from ATS is higher than the BS-IV vehicle. Typically flexible or wrap around heat shield is provided over ATS. In BS-VI flexible heat shield is not possible as more sensors and components are coming. In this project the novel design of heat shield (combination of flexible and metallic sandwich) on exhaust system is used. This design ensures the surrounding temperature is below 180° C and there is no spillage of petroleum product to the bare surface of exhaust parts (Including Tail pipe, Exhaust main pipe and ATS) directly. Also this design protect the
Sahoo, Rajanikanta, Khandagale, Anup, Manoharan, Logeshwaran, Kumar, Pravin
Design, Optimization and Integration of the Suspension Mount / Bush, Spring, and Damper to Enhance Ride and Handling2024-26-038901/16/2024
The paper deals with the study of the damper tuning and the integration of dampers with mount / bush and spring. The ideal approach to tune the characteristics of the vehicle is to modify bushings and mountings, used in the chassis system. In the automotive components design, mounts and bushings especially instituted in suspension system are determinant components while dealing with the noise, vibration and harshness in automobiles. This study represents utmost benefits derived from the suspension dampers when focus is more on damping force, top mount gain and top mount phase. The paper emphasizes on the transition frequency and its significance. The case study referred in the paper are presented for the Macpherson and twist beam suspension system. Furthermore, the results of the study are verified by conducting experimental trials. The comparative results showcased 90% correlation and proved beneficial.
Dorve, Sulochana Uddhavrao, Wale, Darshan
Damage Tolerant Fracture Assessment of Cracks in Non-Standard Geometries Under Static and Fatigue Loading2024-26-027601/16/2024
Cracks on metallic components may appear due to manufacturing, handling, installation, repair, welding etc. and are controlled by quality documents. However, if cracks violate the limit defined in quality document, then either parts will be scraped or will need additional evaluation through detailed and specialized Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) approach. The initial size, orientation and shape of crack, part geometry and loading highly impacts the behavior of crack growth and remaining useful life. Study has been performed to understand the effect of crack aspect ratio on stress intensity factor under different stress gradient scenario. This paper also provides the simplified methodology to address the multiple cracks in complex geometries under static and fatigue loading.
Puranik, Shashank Suresh, Pathan, Irfan, Shinde, Swapnil, Soni, Nitesh, Kindleysides, Andrew
Liv-in vehicle of the future2024-26-023701/16/2024
Liv-in vehicle of the future is a pioneer providing sustainable, highly customizable electric LCV solutions offering automated to autonomous driving, seamless connectivity to customers' ecosystems, peace-of-mind reliability and improved productivity and profitability. For flexibility, versatility, and economies of scale, modularity is essential. With a modular EV design, different vehicle models can share the same platform or components. This can accelerate development and provide manufacturing efficiencies, resulting in significant cost savings. With modular components parts sourcing is more efficient, and inventory management, processing, and storage are simplified. One plant can produce multiple vehicle variants far more easily and efficiently, with less complexity of retooling and physical layout changes. Advantages a) Reduced design and development costs. b) A flexible architecture that can be used for a variety of vehicle types. c) Economies of scale. d) Proven performance from
Dias, Francis Anton, Mane, Sushant
Design optimization of Engine Mount bracket to reduce various gear noises in the passenger car cabin2024-26-020801/16/2024
With the advancement of regulatory norms in the automobile industry, there is challenging to meet performance efficiency targets, especially with a lightweight platform, while providing a superior driving experience to customers. The shift towards weight optimization makes the vehicle structure more susceptible to transfer a diverse range of noise and vibrations through the body. Although most undesirable noises perceived inside the cabin can be reduced by superior technology engine mounts and NVH packaging, all such solutions lead to cost addition. Intelligent considerations in part design can be used to supplement predictable transfer paths to quell unwanted vibrations. One such case is of the gear whine noise in certain rpm bands caused by inherent gear meshing frequency coinciding with the natural frequency of an engine mounting bracket. This paper demonstrates two methodologies to counter such a phenomenon, either through engine mount bracket natural frequency optimization or
Ghosh, Chiranjit, Agrawal, Adheesh, Karmakar, Sudipto, Srivastava, Shubham, Khan, Aamir
The applications of Acoustic Black Holes to attenuation of Coach/Bus Frame Structure Vibrations2025-01-006505/05/2023
Abstract An acoustic black hole (ABH) is a structure whose cross-sectional thickness decreases exponentially to zero, and the phase velocity and group velocity of wave propagation in those structure acoustic black holes decrease as the thickness decreases until they are zero. ABH produce some very magical physical phenomena. For example, because the wave velocity decreases to zero, the wave can never reach the center of the ABH, so the wave propagation in the acoustic black hole has neither refraction nor reflection; that is to say the vibration wave will not go through the acoustic black hole. As a result, the wave energy is concentrated in the center of the ABH. The arrangements of those acoustic black holes in the structures could change the directions of the vibrational wave propagation in the structures at NVH engineers’ wills. These amazing phenomena could play a magical role in reducing structural vibration, structural noise radiation and structure-borne noise. Basic structures
Huang, Xianli
A novel framework for accelerating EDU NVH simulation using scalable transfer functions and evaluating manufacturing defects through space order excitation2025-01-004405/05/2023
In the ultra-luxury vehicle segment, achieving optimal NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) performance across a growing range of load cases in drive and regeneration conditions presents significant engineering challenges. As the complexity of load cases escalates with varying torque ripple and transmission errors, traditional time and frequency-domain simulations become computationally inefficient. To address these challenges, an in-house software framework that employs Noise Transfer Functions (NTFs) and Vibration Transfer Functions (VTFs) is developed. The system’s dynamic response is computed once and scaled to various excitation sources, which includes radial and tangential forces derived from EMAG simulations, and gear forces derived from MBS simulation. Speed sweep simulation is performed to systematically characterize the RPM range, allowing for precise scaling of the transfer function against the original forces to obtain the responses in mounts or microphones. The resulting
Sureshkumar, Sanjai, Shaw, Stephen, Qureshi, Manucher, Duclaux de L'Estoille, Nicolas
Correlated beamforming based on deconvolution methods for identified vehicle exterior wind noise sources and interior noise2025-01-002505/05/2023
Sound source identification based on beamforming is widely used today as a spatial sound field visualization technology in wind tunnel experiments for vehicle development. However, the conventional beamforming technique has its inherent limitations. To improve the performance, three deconvolution methods CLEAN, CLEAN-SC and DAMAS were investigated. These algorithms were applied for the wind noise sources identification on a production car. After analysis of vehicle exterior wind noise sources distribution, to study the energetic contribution of identified exterior noise sources to interior noise, correlation analysis between them were conducted. The results show that, the algorithm CLEAN-SC based on spatial source coherence shows the outstanding capability to remove the sidelobes for the uncorrelated wind noise sources, while CLEAN and DAMAS which based on point spread function have definite limitations. In the application aspect, the main noise source outside vehicle is from the
He, Yinzhi, Shen, Henghao, Wu, Yu, Zhang, Lijun, Yang, Zhigang
New system for the measurement of sound-insertion loss on small samples: a comparison with ASTM-E2611 and ASTM E90 test procedures2025-01-011605/05/2023
This article follows a companion article presented at the SAE NVC 2021, in which a new system for the measurement on small samples of the normal-incidence Insertion Loss (IL) of multilayers used for the manufacturing of automotive sound package parts was first introduced. In addition to simplifying the evaluation of the sound-insulation of multi-layers used to produce sound-package components, the system aims to overcome the limitations of the test procedure based on the ASTM E2611 standard. In this article, the latter point is demonstrated by comparing the insertion loss results obtained with the new system with those obtained with the test procedure based on the ASTM E2611 standard on a few multilayers commonly used for the manufacturing of automotive sound package parts. Results indicate that the results obtained by means of the newly developed system are more meaningful, practically usable and less prone to edge-effects, compared to those obtained according to the ASTM E2611 test
Ruggeri, Giulio, Bertolini, Claudio
Indirect blocked force measurement of a hydraulic power pack for structural vibration transmission into an airframe2025-01-005205/05/2023
Centralization of electrically driven hydraulic power packs into the body of aircraft have increased the attention on the noise and vibration characteristics of the system. A hydraulic power pack consists of a pump coupled to an electrical motor, accumulator, reservoir, and associated filter manifolds. In previous studies, the characteristics of the radiated acoustic noise and fluid borne noise were studied. In this paper, we focus on the structure borne forces generated by the hydraulic pump characterized through blocked force measurements. The blocked force of the pump was determined experimentally using an indirect measurement method. The indirect method required operation with part under test fixed to an instrumented receiver structure. Measured operational accelerations on the receiver plate were used in conjunction with transfer function measurements to predict the blocked forces. Blocked forces were validated by comparing directly measured accelerations to predicted
Smither, Matthew, Tuyls, Zachary, Patel, Pratik, Yan, Xin, Herrin, David
Modeling and Validation of Acoustic Emissions in Bent-Axis Pumps2025-01-005605/05/2023
This work presents a comprehensive NVH workflow for modeling the acoustic emissions of mechanical systems, using a bent-axis pump as a case study. The workflow integrates multibody dynamics (MBD), harmonic structural analysis, and acoustic solvers. By employing these simulation tools, we capture the dynamic response of the pump and the vibration response of the enclosure's surface, enabling the estimation of equivalent radiated power (ERP) and the prediction of sound pressure level (SPL). To validate the simulation outcomes, experimental investigations were conducted in a semi-anechoic chamber, where data was collected with a microphone placed at a specific distance from the pump. At the time of this abstract, preliminary correlations between the simulation model and real-world measurements demonstrate promising accuracy and reliability. These findings are significant, offering advantages for pump manufacturers, including improved product quality, adherence to noise regulations, and
Kwarta, Michael, Banerjee, Bhaskar, Abdel Mallak, Zuher, Vallebrant, Per-Ola, Wiklund Lång, Marcus, Kayani, Omer
Road noise analysis using Component TPA and FBS with vehicle component modifications2025-01-005505/05/2023
Road noise caused by road excitation is a critical factor for vehicle NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) performance. However, assessing the individual contribution of components, particularly bushings, to NVH performance is generally challenging, as automobiles are composed of numerous interconnected parts. This study describes the application of Component Transfer Path Analysis (CTPA) on a full vehicle to provide insights into improving NVH performance. With the aid of Virtual Point Transformation (VPT), blocked forces are determined at the wheel hubs; afterward, a TPA is carried out. As blocked forces at the wheel hub are independent of the vehicle dynamics, these forces can be used in simulations of modified vehicle components. These results allow for the estimation of vehicle road noise. To simulate changes in vehicle components, including wheel/tire and mount bushings, Frequency-Based Substructuring (FBS) is used to modify the vehicle setup in a simulation model. In this
Kim, Jungu, Reichart, Ron, de Klerk, Dennis, Schütler, Willem, Malic, Mario, Kim, Hyeongjun, Kim, Uije
Improving the Sound Transmission Loss of Wire Harness Pass Throughs2025-01-011805/05/2023
Abstract Improving the Sound Transmission Loss of Wire Harness Pass Throughs For years the NVH community has known that openings in the dash sheet metal, such as holes to pass wire harnesses through, create an acoustical weak point that limits the potential noise reduction of the dash insulation system. These pass throughs can also be a source of water leaks into the vehicle’s interior. With the combustible engine and now electric inverter power plants, the need to seal this area is vital. By molding a lightweight barrier that draws through the fiber/absorber interior decoupler and dash sheet metal which mates to a secondary seal molded into an outer engine dash decoupler, the two opposing molded barriers meet in the engine compartment and compress together forming a seal around the wire harness. This male/female molded seal replaces the conventional snap in grommet and eliminates noise/water leaks. The system Sound Transmission Loss (STL) is equivalent to similarly insulated sheet
Check, James, Moritz, Charles
A Comprehensive Evaluation of PU Foam for EV NVH Performance2025-01-012005/05/2023
Low density polyurethane foam was first proposed as an alternative to expandable baffles and tapes for sealing vehicle body cavities towards the end of the last century. In spite of several inherent advantages for cavity sealing, the high equipment cost of dispensing amongst other reasons, this technology has not spread as widely as expected. With the advent of electric vehicles, there is an increased emphasis on controlling higher frequencies from motors, inverters and other components, and polyurethane foam can be a viable solution by providing more robust sealing. Polyurethane foam sealing is already being employed in the new breed of electric vehicles but its NVH advantages have not been fully studied or published in literature. Using an existing electric vehicle with conventional expandable baffles & tape sealing measures, a comprehensive evaluation of NVH performance using the closed-cell polyurethane foam solution was carried out. Testing included component level bench test on
Kavarana, Farokh, Guertin, Bill, Braun, Arnold, Hand, Joshua, Thota, Manoj
A Study on Reduction of Gear Rattle Noise through Clutch Hysteresis Stabilization2025-01-010005/05/2023
Reducing gear rattle noise within the passenger cabin is a crucial objective in vehicle development due to its direct impact on customer comfort and driving experience. Gear rattle occurs when free gears collide during meshing, primarily driven by high torsional vibrations generated by engine fluctuations. These vibrations are transmitted through the clutch system to the transmission, amplifying noise inside the cabin. To address this issue, this study focuses on optimizing the clutch by stabilizing its hysteresis, which helps in minimizing the torsional vibrations transferred to the transmission input shaft, thereby reducing gear rattle. The investigation centers on a case where significant gear rattle was observed at high vehicle speeds, particularly under high engine torque conditions. A thorough root cause analysis identified that the primary contributor to the noise was a drop in the clutch hysteresis value at elevated engine torques. This drop increased torsional vibrations in
Awasthi, Mradul, Dhankhar, Dinesh Singh, Khare, Devendra Kumar, Rana, Deepak, pandey, Anant
NVH improvement of the BEV transmission by altering bearing mounting arrangement.2025-01-010405/05/2023
As per metaphor, “The squeaky wheel gets the grease” the transmission of battery electric vehicle (BEVs) gets topmost attention in terms of NVH improvement. While the engine is getting replaced with an almost silent electric motor, the transmission noise appears persistent and demands more silent transmission. This has raised demand for improvement in design as well as manufacturing quality. Various innovations are being done to drive an improvement in the NVH. Following paper will discuss the improvement in NVH achieved through a design innovation in the way bearings are installed and demonstrated a significant amount of improvement. We have used SMT MASTA used as a simulation tool to predict the expected results and a Transmission Dyno test bench in an anechoic chamber to test the NVH performance on physical sample. The innovation was done on a small single speed two stage reduction gearbox coupled with a 100 NM, 14000 RPM battery electric motor. Though the bearings have
Pingale, Abhijeet, Soni, Jaldeep
Virtual Gear Noise Analysis and Case Design Investigation for Concept Parallel Axis Drive Unit2025-01-010205/05/2023
For electric vehicles, it is critical to develop drive units that produce a minimal amount of noise while meeting efficiency needs for a given application. Modern computational resources and accumulated experience allow for engineers to evaluate gear noise early in the development process and influence the design of the drive unit. This paper documents a high-fidelity virtual engineering approach to evaluate gear noise in a concept parallel axis drive unit and provide learnings to influence design of the external structure to improve NVH performance. By using the latest simulation tools to calculate and visualize the noise and vibration characteristics of the drive unit, designers and developers can implement design changes in optimization iterations to reduce noise and vibration. Gear harmonic response is firstly analyzed through a system model which considers structural deflection and misalignment, then a FE housing model is incorporated which is used for noise radiation evaluation
Lima, Luiz, Shi, Zhenghong, Xu, Hai, REYNOLDS, CRAIG, Miller, John
Snap-fits evaluation for minimizing the Squeak & Rattle in Automotive2025-01-009105/05/2023
The world of plastic products has been growing due to its versatile properties, which have become an intrinsic and fundamental part of the engineering of new products. The most important aspects contributing to this spectacular growth are the design and assembly, making sure that plastic parts are designed optimally. The safety requirements have been increased due to the safety ratings and thus interior parts must provide more absorption and protection to occupants. The main connection types used in the plastic parts are heat stakes and snap fits. The purpose of a good snap fit is not only to have a high retention effort but also to present ergonomic characteristics with low insertion and extraction effort because each part requires a different function. With the time-dependent loading the material will redistribute its internal energy thereby performing a time-related flow leading to reduced pretension thus decreasing stiffness. This paper presents an analytical and numerical method
MICHAEL STEPHAN, NAVIN ESTAC RAJA, C M, MITHUN, Mohammed, Riyazuddin
Asymmetric Gear Blank Optimization to Reduce Gear Noise for Electric Drive Units2025-01-007905/05/2023
Gear whine has emerged as a significant challenge for electric vehicles (EVs) in the absence of engine masking noise. The demand from customers for premium EVs with high speed and high torque density introduces additional NVH risks. Conventional gear design strategies to reduce the pitch-line velocity and increase contact ratio may impact EV torque capacitor or its efficiency. Furthermore, microgeometry optimization has limited design space to reduce gear noise over a wide range of torque loads. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the optimization of transfer gear blanks in a single-speed two-stage FDW electric drive unit (EDU) with the objective of reducing both mass and noise. A detailed multi-body dynamics (MBD) model is constructed for the entire EDU system using a finite-element-based time-domain solver. This investigation focuses on the analysis and optimization of asymmetric gear blank design features with three-slot patterns. A DOE methodology is employed to
He, Song, Bahk, Cheonjae, Li, Bo, Du, Isaac, Patruni, Pavan Kumar, Baladhandapani, Dhanasekar
Impact of tripod joint pressing load variation on drive shaft rattling in passenger car2025-01-009705/05/2023
In today’s fast changing and competitive automotive world, vehicle NVH plays an important role in customer’s perception of the brand. A silent cabin with lower noise levels is a desired attribute in a modern car. In such a scenario, abnormal noises arising because of manufacturing variations and tolerances of components can impact the brand image of any automotive company negatively. This paper presents an investigation into a noise issue arising from the right-hand (RH) drive shaft of an automotive vehicle while driving on rough roads at approximately 30 km/h. Various technical measurements, including rotational backlash and dimensional assessments, were conducted, all of which were found within specification. However, axial play between the tripod spline and the mid-shaft spline was identified during disassembly. Further analysis revealed that material localization was the only change point in the RH drive shaft manufacturing process. The fit interference between the tripod spline
Dhankhar, Dinesh Singh, Mishra, Ashish, Kirti, Viplav, Rana, Deepak, Bhardwaj, Ashish, Singh, Karanveer
Vibration refinement of two wheeler sub chassis and aesthetic parts due to engine unbalanced excitation forces2025-01-011305/05/2023
Two wheelers are important and essential transportation mode in India. Designing a motorcycle with better riding comfort and minimal vibration are thus a major challenge for engineers now a day. Engine and road excitations are two sources of vibration acting on motor bike or scooter. These vibrations are transmitted to chassis, sub chassis, aesthetic parts and then to the rider and pillion. Unwanted vibrations will create discomfort to the rider/pillion as well as produces noises and hence needs to be minimized. This study is focused on diagnosis and control of output vibration responses of sub chassis/aesthetic parts due to engine unbalanced excitation forces. There are numerous parameters of motor bike/ scooter that govern the vibration responses of sub chassis/ aesthetic parts. Engine unbalanced inertia force characteristics and their transmission to rider and pillion has been studied and reported here. Environmental benefits demands for a complete NVH refinement for lesser
khare, saharash
Peening Media General RequirementsAMS2431D (Current)04/04/2023
This specification and its detail slash specifications cover the requirements for media to be used in controlled shot peening of metal parts.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Infrared Signature of Fixed and Variable Area C-D Nozzle of Aircraft Engine88-16-02-001101/02/2023
The use of converging-diverging (C-D) variable area nozzle (VAN) in military aeroengines is now common, as it can give optimal expansion and control over engine back pressure, for a wide range of engine operations. At higher main combustion temperatures (desired for supercruise), an increase in the nozzle expansion ratio is needed for optimum performance. But changes in the nozzle throat and exit areas affect the visibility of engine hot parts as the diverging section of the nozzle is visible for a full range of view angle from the rear aspect. The solid angle subtended by engine hot parts varies with change in visibility, which affects the aircraft infrared (IR) signature from the rear aspect. This study compares the performances of fixed and variable area nozzles (FAN and VAN) in terms of engine thrust and IR signature of the engine exhaust system in the boresight for the same increase in combustion temperature. This study is performed for two cases: (i) variable throat area and
Baranwal, Nidhi, Mahulikar, Shripad P.
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