Browse Topic: Pipes and ducts

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Investigation of Fatigue Durability Failure Mechanisms in High-Pressure Hydraulic Pipes of Power Steering Systems2026-26-0542To be published on 01/16/2026
Abstract—The high-pressure hydraulic pipeline in the power steering system is a vital component for ensuring optimal performance. During warranty analysis, leakage incidents were observed at the customer end within the warranty period. The primary factors contributing to these failures include pipe material thickness, material composition, mechanical properties, and engine-induced vibrations. This study investigates fatigue-related failures through detailed material characterization and Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) based on real world usage road load data collected. The objective is to identify the root causes by examining the influence of varying pipe thickness on fatigue life. The investigation discovered that crack initiation predominantly occurred on the concave side of bent pipe sections, specifically on the engine-side high-pressure steering line, which is connected to the power steering pump mounted on the engine. Fracture surfaces exhibited characteristics consistent with
SURVADE, LALIT, Koulage, Dasharath Baliram, Biswas, Kaushik
A Novel Approach to Optimal Strain Gauge Placement for Structural Assessment: Integrating Close Looping Configuration with Calibration Techniques2026-26-0551To be published on 01/16/2026
Addressing the challenge of optimal strain gauge placement on complex structural joints and pipes, this research introduces a novel methodology combining strategic gauge configurations with numerical optimization techniques. Traditional methods often struggle to accurately capture combined loading states and real-world complexities, leading to measurement errors and flawed structural assessments. For intricate joints, a looping strain gauge configuration is proposed to comprehensively capture both bending and torsional effects, preventing the bypassing of applied loads. A calibration technique is used to create strain distribution matrices and access structural behavior under different loading conditions. Optimization algorithms are then applied to identify gauge placements that yield well-conditioned matrices, minimizing measurement errors and enhancing data reliability. This approach offers a cost-effective solution by reducing the number of gauges required for accurate stress
shingate, Uttam, Yadav, Dnyaneshwar
Design and evaluation of Integrated Engine-Mounted Exhaust Aftertreatment and Air Intake Filtration System with CEV/TREM Stage-5 IC engine for off-highway applications2026-26-0144To be published on 01/16/2026
Conventional exhaust aftertreatment systems (ATS) and air intake filters are typically mounted separately on the vehicle chassis, leading to complex routing, significant packaging volume, thermal management challenges for the ATS, and increased assembly complexity. This paper presents a novel system integrating the air intake filter and the complete exhaust aftertreatment system (including DOC, DPF, SCR components as applicable) into a single unit mounted directly onto the engine. This engine-mounted integrated architecture significantly reduces system footprint, minimizes exhaust and intake piping lengths, potentially improves ATS thermal efficiency through close coupling, and simplifies vehicle assembly. Design considerations, including vibration isolation, serviceability, and potential performance benefits such as reduced pressure drop and faster catalyst light-off, are discussed. This integrated approach offers a compelling solution for optimizing packaging space and system
P U, Balaji, sivasankaran, Siva, Arputharaj, Jeba, Kumar, Lingesh, Pandian, Teja, Patil, Shankar
Novel Exhaust system architecture for Petroleum Oil Tanker Application vehicle2024-26-034501/16/2024
A large amount of heat given off by ATS on BS-VI exhaust system vehicle. Heat shield is required to protect the surrounding components. As per PESO (Petroleum and Explosives safety organization) guidelines for POL Application vehicle is that,(i)the surrounding temperature should not be more than 180° C and (ii) there is no spillage of any petroleum product to the bare surface of exhaust part directly. In BS-VI vehicle the heat given off from ATS is higher than the BS-IV vehicle. Typically flexible or wrap around heat shield is provided over ATS. In BS-VI flexible heat shield is not possible as more sensors and components are coming. In this project the novel design of heat shield (combination of flexible and metallic sandwich) on exhaust system is used. This design ensures the surrounding temperature is below 180° C and there is no spillage of petroleum product to the bare surface of exhaust parts (Including Tail pipe, Exhaust main pipe and ATS) directly. Also this design protect the
Sahoo, Rajanikanta, Khandagale, Anup, Manoharan, Logeshwaran, Kumar, Pravin
Achieving Desired Level of Wettability for Unlikely MaterialsTBMG-4691111/01/2022
Aerospace Fluid System Standards, Metric, National and InternationalAIR2000F (Current)03/25/2022
The purpose of this aerospace information report is to provide a listing of national and international metric standards for use in aerospace fluid systems with their equivalent SAE inch, International ISO, and European AECMA standards.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Aerospace Fluid System Standards, Metric, National and InternationalAIR2000F-TEST-REC (Historical)03/25/2022
The purpose of this aerospace information report is to provide a listing of national and international metric standards for use in aerospace fluid systems with their equivalent SAE inch, International ISO, and European AECMA standards.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Self-Propelled Sweepers and Scrubbers Tank and Hopper Capacity RatingJ1793_202111 (Current)11/09/2021
This SAE Standard applies to self-propelled sweepers and scrubbers as defined in SAE J2130-1 and J2130-2.
MTC2, Sweeper, Cleaner, and Machinery
Fundamental understanding of phase change mechanism of refrigerant flow in HVAC pipe2021-28-013909/15/2021
Few years ago having an AC in vehicle was considered as a luxury, but these days AC comes as a standard fitment in all the vehicles. With the increasing competition, auto OEMs constantly striving to provide better comfort to passengers which has led to a lot of development in vehicle HVAC systems. Any unwanted noise created due to refrigerant fluid inside HVAC pipe can be annoying and also lead to increasing owner complaints. Predicting noise caused by refrigerant flow through HVAC pipes is more challenging and a time consuming process. This becomes altogether more important for OEM’s to predict this source of noise at very early stage of vehicle development. In this present investigation an attempt has been made to simulate the refrigerant flow through pipes using Computational Fluid Dynamics to observe liquid refrigerant R134a flashing phenomenon using multi-phase model in ANSYS Fluent. In a vehicle HVAC piping system the refrigerant flows under a certain operating condition and pipe
JOSHI, RAHUL ASHOK, Biswas, Kundan, Tare, Kedar
Thread SealantsJ1615_202101 (Current)01/27/2021
Male pipe threads, including male dryseal pipe threads, when made into assemblies or installed into ports, will generally leak if not covered with a sealant. This SAE Recommended Practice is intended as a guide to assist designers and/or users in the selection and application of various types of thread sealants. The designers and users must make a systematic review of each type and application and then select the sealant to fulfill the requirements of the application. The following are general guidelines and are not necessarily a complete list.
Air Brake Tubing and Tube Ftg Committee
Method for Evaluating the Flow Properties of Pumpable SealersJ2025_202101 (Current)01/07/2021
This SAE Recommended Practice sets forth a method for evaluating the flow properties of automotive sealers that have been dispensed via a high pressure automatic system.
Materials, Processes and Parts Council
Methodology to quantify the undesirable effects of the localized inefficiency of heat pick-up in suction line on an automotive air-conditioning system2020-28-003604/30/2020
The automotive application places very special demands on the air conditioning system. As is the case with any other process, system efficiency is very important and the automotive air-conditioning application is no exception. While the characteristics of all the major components in the air conditioning system like compressor, condenser, evaporator and blower contribute to overall system efficiency, localized inefficiencies do play a part and so must be kept to a minimum, especially in this day and age when extra emphasis is being paid on sustainability. One such phenomenon that contributes to the system inefficiency is heat pick-up in suction line. Since the temperature at the evaporator-outlet is quite lower than ambient and also its surroundings (steering system pipes and hoses, engine, air intake pipes and so on), the refrigerant picks up heat as it moves along the suction line up to the compressor inlet. This heat pick-up is detrimental to the overall system performance. Even
Dubey, Mayank Manoj, Tadigadapa, Suresh, Ghorpade, Santosh, Shukla, Ankit, Reddy, Y.S.Sarath
Fluid-Filled Frequency-Tunable Mass DamperTBMG-3525310/01/2019
Innovators at Marshall Space Flight Center developed the fluid-filled Frequency-Tunable Mass Damper (FTMD) technology that allows for significant distribution of loads while also providing a simple mechanism that allows for the capability to change its frequency of mitigation with negligible impact on the damper system. For existing fluid-filled pipes, ducts, ballast tanks, etc., the fluid can be leveraged to provide vibration mitigation. This new technology enables structural engineers to set and change the fundamental mitigation attributes of the mass damper system with little to no modification of the fluid container.
BlackBerry Tech Duo Sees Emergence of Vehicle-based Platforms19AVEP09_0709/01/2019
Though likely to provide the OS of autonomy, BlackBerry also anticipates a larger shift to automobiles as software platforms. At 2019's TU Automotive conference, Autonomous Vehicle Engineering spoke with two of the industry's most important software sages, BlackBerry's John Wall and Kaivan Karimi, both senior vice presidents and co-heads of Blackberry Technology Solutions. The duo's division includes BlackBerry's security services, the nigh ubiquitous QNX architecture along with products including Jarvis, Certicom and Paratek for the Waterloo, Ontario-based company. Sort of like chatting with the Obi-Wan and Yoda of secure-software architectures, the interview provided an animated back-and-forth between the two well-acquainted BlackBerry execs, discussing the emergence of the vehicle as its own software platform.
Seredynski, Paul
Deployable Emergency Shutoff Device Blocks High-Velocity Fluid FlowsTBMG-3493108/01/2019
NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center has developed a device and method for blocking the flow of fluid from an open pipe. The device plugs, controls, and meters the flow of gases and liquids. Anchored with friction fittings, spikes, or explosively activated fasteners, the device is well-suited for harsh environments and high fluid velocities and pressures. With the addition of instrumentation, it can also be used as a variable-area flow metering valve that can be set based upon flow conditions. With robotic additions, it can be configured to crawl into a pipe and then anchor and activate itself to block or control fluid flow.
Computational fluidodynamic study applied in incompressible air flow in automotive duct2018-36-008709/03/2018
The design of air ducts of an Automotive Ventilation System presents as one of the complicators the restriction of space. In its design a symmetrical configuration is not always possible, due to the presence of anothers components of the vehicle, thus the ducts are distributed in asymmetric structures and normally have sharp curves, configurations that contribute to the loss, irregular distribution of the flow and production of noise. This work presents a numerical study of the incompressible flow of air in the ducts of an automotive ventilation system. The purpose is to study and compare the behavior of the fluid dynamic flow, the loss on the process and the flow distribution between two different ducts: one with symmetrical geometry and the other one with asymmetrical geometry. The study was performed using commercial software Star CCM +® that employs finite volume method. The results for each type of duct were relevant to the conclusion that the non-symmetry of the ventilation duct
Oliveira e Caldeira, Luiz Guilherme de, Capanema, Matheus Figueiredo, Fonseca de Souza, José Leôncio
MOMENTUM: SEPTEMBER 201818MOMP0909/01/2018
Universität Suttgart tops the field at Formula SAE Michigan A team from Universidad Politecnica de Valencia in Spain surprised the field by capturing third-place overall and first place in the Endurance event on a course that featured a hairpin turn. AutoDrive Challenge: cultivating a new generation of engineers This newest SAE International Collegiate Design Series competition serves as a proving ground for engineers interested careers related to autonomous driving. RIT brings home the Mike Schmidt Memorial Award for best Baja SAE season RIOT RACING ends Michigan Baja Racing's three-year reign as season champion. Lords of the skies A new rule for SAE Aero Design 2018 required planes in the Micro class to carry PVC piping as payload.
Acceptance Criteria for Nuts - Magnetic Particle, Fluorescent Penetrant, and Visible Penetrant ExaminationAS5447 (Current)08/23/2018
This standard establishes the acceptance criteria for surface discontinuities as revealed by magnetic particle or liquid penetrant examination of nuts.
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Flexible Ultrasound Patch for Inspecting Damage in Odd-Shaped StructuresTBMG-2969107/01/2018
A limitation of today's ultrasound devices is that they are difficult to use on objects that don't have perfectly flat surfaces. Conventional ultrasound probes have flat and rigid bases, which can't maintain good contact when scanning across curved, wavy, angled, and other irregular surfaces.
BEAD PROFILE FOR AIRCRAFT PIPING AND DUCTING (FLEXIBLE CONNECTIONS)TSC47-023_0104/19/2018
No Scope available.
PIPELINES AND PIPE COUPLINGS FOR AIRCRAFT FLUID SYSTEMS (METRIC)TSC47-025_0104/19/2018
No Scope available.
Automotive Pipe FittingsJ530_201803 (Historical)03/18/2018
This SAE Standard includes complete general and dimensional specifications for those types of pipe fittings commonly used in the automotive and other mass production industries where the use of lubricants or sealers is objectionable. The automotive pipe fittings shown in Figures 1 to 17 and Tables 1 to 6 are intended for general automotive and similar applications involving low or medium pressures or in conjunction with automotive tube fittings in piping systems.
Air Brake Tubing and Tube Ftg Committee
MALE FERRULE, THREADLESS, - FLEXIBLE, FIXED CAVITY, CURRENT CARRYING, SELF BONDING, SWAGEDAS7513 (Historical)09/12/2017
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Passive High-Temperature Sealing DeviceTBMG-2753109/01/2017
Asealing device was developed that acts as a high-temperature shutoff valve for pipes and ducts. The device is an annular ring that can be slipped over the outside of the pipe (or built into a flanged spool piece). The cavity inside the device is filled with a gas, liquid, or even a solid. When exposed to an elevated temperature, the material in the cavity expands, providing sufficient inward force to collapse the thinner process pipe wall, stopping flow within the pipe.
FITTING, LUBRICATION, HYDRAULIC, THROAT OR SURFACE CHECK, 1/8 PIPE THREADS, NICKEL-COPPER ALLOY, TYPE VAS15005D (Current)08/21/2017
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Nut, Union-Female, Metric Pipe Series (Alloy Steel, Cadmium Plated)AS43021-3 (Current)06/21/2017
No Scope available.
Engine and Airframe Technical Standards Committee (TSC)
CLAMP, STRAP, HIGH TEMPERATURE, RETAINING AMS5599AS6495A (Historical)02/15/2017
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Thread SealantsJ1615_201608 (Historical)08/16/2016
Male pipe threads, including male dryseal pipe threads, when made into assemblies or installed into ports, will generally leak if not covered with a sealant. This SAE Recommended Practice is intended as a guide to assist designers and/or users in the selection and application of various types of thread sealants. The designers and users must make a systematic review of each type and application and then select the sealant to fulfill the requirements of the application. The following are general guidelines and are not necessarily a complete list.
Air Brake Tubing and Tube Ftg Committee
Advanced Thermal Management SolutionsTBMG-2524408/01/2016
Now more than ever, devices with increasing power and smaller footprints are demanding a good stable costeffective thermal management solution. Fortunately many options are available today. However, for device packaging designers not familiar with these technologies, determining which thermal management technology is appropriate for their application can be a challenging task. To help sort out the many options, here is an overview of three very different thermal technologies: passive heat pipes, pumped two-phase cooling systems and temporary thermal storage/ phase change materials (PCM) heat sinks. In each case we’ll provide an overview of each of these technologies, explain how they function and provide some examples of when they should be considered.
Advanced Thermal Management Solutions16AERP08_0608/01/2016
Heat Pipes, Pumped Two-phase Cooling, and Phase Change Material Heat Sinks Now more than ever, devices with increasing power and smaller footprints are demanding a good stable cost-effective thermal management solution. Fortunately many options are available today. However, for device packaging designers not familiar with these technologies, determining which thermal management technology is appropriate for their application can be a challenging task. To help sort out the many options, here is an overview of three very different thermal technologies: passive heat pipes, pumped two-phase cooling systems and temporary thermal storage/ phase change materials (PCM) heat sinks. In each case we'll provide an overview of each of these technologies, explain how they function and provide some examples of when they should be considered.
Fittings, 37° Flared to Pipe Threaded, Fluid ConnectionAS4842/1A (Current)06/06/2016
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the requirements for fluid fittings that combine both 37 degree flared and pipe threaded connections for use in all types of fluid systems.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Fittings, Beaded to Pipe Threaded, Fluid ConnectionAS4843/2A (Current)06/06/2016
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the requirements for fluid fittings that combine both beaded hose connections and pipe threaded connections for use in all types of fluid systems.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Suppression of Unwanted Noise and Howl in a Test Configuration Where Jet Exhaust is Discharged Into a DuctTBMG-2426604/01/2016
Pulse-Echo Probe Mounting Fixture for Blind Alignment on PipesTBMG-2366101/01/2016
The probe and its mounting fixture are critical parts of the health monitoring of steam pipes. A high-temperature, piezoelectric transducer generates and receives ultrasonic waves, and the probe has to transmit the wave normal to the pipe surface. The mounting fixture is designed to allow for alignment of the probe even without a reference reflection, and thus enables blind alignment. In order to allow aligning of the probe normal to the surface of potential water condensation, and to secure intimate contact to the pipe surface, a novel mounting fixture was conceived and developed.
Hermetic Phototube HousingTBMG-2369301/01/2016
This innovation is a hermetically sealed case or very small chamber. A photomultiplier tube (PMT) is mounted inside the chamber. The circuit board is also installed inside the chamber with appropriate feedthroughs for signals. An adapter/floating mount called the phototube to light pipe system mount (PLPSM) allows the hermetic PMT housing to attach to the light guide.
AGS1167 Pipe Couplings. 90° Union Elbows - AssemblyAGS1167-6 (Current)12/03/2015
No scope available.
Engine and Airframe Technical Standards Committee (TSC)
AGS1168 Pipe Couplings. 45° Union Elbow - AssemblyAGS1168-6 (Current)12/03/2015
No scope available.
Engine and Airframe Technical Standards Committee (TSC)
AGS1193 Pipe Coupling. 1/2" Flanged Bulkhead Union BodyAGS1193-5 (Current)12/03/2015
No scope available.
Engine and Airframe Technical Standards Committee (TSC)
AGS1169 Pipe Couplings - Union Elbows, Union SleeveAGS1169-5 (Current)12/03/2015
No scope available.
Engine and Airframe Technical Standards Committee (TSC)
Signal Processing for High-Temperature Health Monitoring of Condensed Water Height in Steam PipesTBMG-2322711/01/2015
An algorithm for analyzing wave reflections and time-of-flight ultrasonic pulse-echo data has been developed for monitoring the health of steam pipes to determine the height of condensed water through the wall in real time, at temperatures up to 250 °C.
CLAMP, STRAP, HIGH TEMPERATURE, RETAINING, AMS5599AS6495 (Historical)08/12/2015
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Pipe Threads, Taper, Aeronautical National Form, Symbol ANPT - Design and Inspection StandardAS71051B (Current)07/27/2015
This document establishes the requirements for Aeronautical National Form (ANPT) pipe threads, gages, and gaging methods for determining conformity of aeronautical taper pipe threads to this standard.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Pipe Threads, Taper, Aeronautical National Form, Symbol ANPT - Design and Inspection StandardAS71051B-TEST-REC (Historical)07/27/2015
This document establishes the requirements for Aeronautical National Form (ANPT) pipe threads, gages, and gaging methods for determining conformity of aeronautical taper pipe threads to this standard.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Fittings, Beaded to Pipe Threaded, Fluid ConnectionAS4843/2 (Historical)06/30/2015
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the requirements for fluid fittings that combine both beaded hose connections and pipe threaded connections for use in all types of fluid systems.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
A Parametric Investigation of Louvered Terminations for Rectangular Ducts2015-01-235606/15/2015
The insertion loss of louvered terminations positioned at the end of a rectangular duct is determined using acoustic finite element analysis. Insertion loss was determined by taking the difference between the sound power with and without the louvers at the termination. Analyses were conducted in the plane wave regime and the acoustic source was anechoic eliminating any reflections from the source. The effect of different louver configurations on insertion loss was examined. Parameters investigated included louver length, angle, and spacing between louvers. Based on the analyses, equations were developed for the insertion loss of unlined louvers.
Chen, Huangxing, Herrin, David W.
Pressure Drop Characteristics of Perforated Pipes with Particular Application to the Concentric Tube Resonator2015-01-230906/15/2015
The bias flow in Concentric Tube Resonator (CTR) is a flow-induced phenomenon in which the pressure gradient along the radial direction is produced by the kinetic energy of the flow. As a result, the flow dynamics in CTR is characterized by bias flow into the annular cavity in the upstream and outflow from the annular cavity in the downstream of the flow. This is due to the change in direction of the radial component of the bias flow at a point called the point of recovery, as a consequence of mass conservation. The pressure drop of CTR is a complex function of the momentum flux and other geometric parameters such as porosity, open area ratio, discharge coefficient of the perforated holes, bias inflow, bias outflow, grazing flow and length. In this study, numerical experiments are conducted to obtain an empirical formula for the friction factor of perforated pipes which are extensively used in automotive mufflers. The finite element based numerical results are validated with test
Neihguk, David, Munjal, M.L., Prasad, Abhinav
Modeling and Characterization of a Novel Porous Metallic Foam Inside Ducts2015-01-220306/15/2015
A novel porous metallic foam has been studied in this work. This composite material is a mixture of resin and hollow spheres. It is lightweight, highly resistive to contamination and heat, and is capable of providing similar or better sound absorption compared to the conventional porous absorbers, but with a robust and less degradable properties. Several configurations of the material have been tested inside an expansion chamber with spatially periodic area changes. Bragg scattering was observed in some configurations with certain lattice constants. The acoustic properties of this material have been characterized from the measurement of the two-port matrix across a cylindrical sample. The complex density and speed of sound can be extracted from the transfer matrix using an optimization technique. Several models were developed to validate the effect of this metallic foam using Finite Elements and the Two-port Theory. There was a good agreement between both models and the measurement
Farooqui, Maaz, Elnady, Tamer, Glav, Ragnar, Karlsson, Tony
FITTING, LUBRICATION, HYDRAULIC, LEAKPROOF, 1/8 PIPE THREADS, STEEL, TYPE VIAS15006C (Current)05/26/2015
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
FLANGE PROFILES, V-COUPLING, DESIGN STANDARD, METRICMA2024 (Current)04/24/2015
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Development of Fuel Filler Tube with Enhanced Adhesion Coating System on Ferrite Stainless Steel for LEV III2015-01-073004/14/2015
A pre-treatment technique for improving coating adhesion on stainless steel has been developed. This method dramatically enhances the adhesion between the stainless steel and the coating by pre-treating the stainless steel with a known nickel strike plating for a short period of time. Furthermore, when this process was applied to stainless fuel filler pipes to improve corrosion resistance, layout restrictions and chipping covers became unnecessary, costs were reduced, and vehicle weight was lowered.
Miyadera, Tsutomu
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