Browse Topic: Parts and Components

Items (13,567)

060002To be published on 01/01/2099

Dependency of Gear Honing Machine Processing Accuracy on Machine Vibration and the Vibration Reduction Considering Contribution

2024-32-002004/18/2025

In recent years, accurate gear processing is required for various products to improve efficient power transmission and small noise and vibration. On the other hand, the accuracy tends to be worse by high speed processing for increasing production efficiency. Therefore, we investigated relationship between gear honing machine vibration and the accuracy. The vibration acceleration of the honing machine was measured at various conditions, and the gear accuracy was measured after processing. As results, the accuracy was observed to be affected by both the original gear accuracy before honing processing and the gear secondary rotational vibration of the machine in operation. Subsequently, we applied transfer path analysis (TPA) to investigate which directional force in operation increased the vibration. As the results, the contribution from the input force at gear processing point along normal direction was the main contributor. Then, vibration transmission characteristics of the machine

Hanioka, Hiroaki, Ogawa, Yunosuke, Yoshida, Junji, Onishi, Yoichi, Kurokawa, Yasuhiro

Study on the Optimal Pre-Chamber Geometry for Active Pre-Chamber Gas Engines

2024-32-002304/18/2025

In a pre-chamber engine, fuel in the main-chamber is ignited and combusted by the combustion gas injected from the pre-chamber. Therefore, further fuel dilution is possible and thermal efficiency can be also improved. However, adding a pre-chamber to an engine increases the number of design parameters which have a significant impact on the main combustion and the exhaust gas. Then, in this study, the optimum geometry of the pre-chamber in an active pre-chamber gas engine was investigated. The considered parameters were the volume of pre-chamber, the diameter of a nozzle hole, and the number of nozzle holes. 18 types of pre-chambers with different geometries were prepared. Using these pre-chambers, engine experiments under steady conditions were conducted while changing the conditions such as engine speeds, mean indicated pressure and air excess ratio. Based on the experimental data, neural network models were constructed that predict thermal efficiency, NOx and CO emissions from the

Yasuda, Kotaro, Yamasaki, Yudai, Sako, Takahiro, Takashima, Yoshitane, Suzuki, Kenta

Research on Intake Sound Tuning Method by Valve Timing Modification for Enhance Sound Quality in V6 Outboard Engine

2024-32-005904/18/2025

This paper explores methods to enhance the sound quality of V6 outboard engines. Previous research in the boat and outboard engine domain has underscored the importance of enhancing sound quality. Specific preferences and desired directions for outboard engine sound quality have been identified. It’s been suggested that controlling intake sound and gear noise is important to achieving desired sound quality according to customer preferences. However, there are few examples of methods for achieving this. This study aims to develop methods for enhancing sound quality by emphasizing low-frequency sounds through intake sound. Initially, various methods were evaluated, and intake valve timing modification was chosen. Simple simulations confirmed that delaying valve timing for some cylinders may introduce characteristics that are not present in conventional cases. Subsequent 1D simulations identified optimal intake valve timing, balancing intake pressure characteristics and horsepower

Muramatsu, Hideta, Matsumoto, Taro, Naoe, Gaku, Kondo, Takashi

A review of warm forming for steels: History, Methodology and Emerging trends

2025-01-881404/01/2025

Many manufacturing techniques and process modifications have been implemented over the years to improve the formability of sheet metals. Warm forming of sheet metals is one such established method. However, it is more commonly and successfully applied to aluminum grades. The reevaluation of less-used metal forming technologies, such as warm forming and sheet hydroforming for steel, is a response to the challenges posed by competitive processes like large castings and the geometry requirements of new BEV parts. By understanding the effects of elevated temperatures (below recrystallization temperatures) on different steel grades and the impact of various heating methodologies, the industry can adapt and optimize these proven techniques for modern applications. This paper is a comprehensive summary of the effect of elevated temperatures on various grades of steel. Different heating techniques, their cycle times and effects on final forming feasibility is contrasted. The effect of

Kella, Caroline, Wormald, Tom, Gatts, Joshua

Analysis of Left-Turn Mixed Traffic Flow Dynamics at Y-Shaped Signalized Intersections Using Cellular Automata

2025-01-720402/21/2025

Through the method of on-site video observation, this study divides the intersection area into three parts according to the road traffic characteristics of the Y-shaped signalized intersections, and at the same time obtains the relevant parameters. These parameters include the left-turn speed and traffic density of motor vehicles within both the internal and exit areas, the frequency of lane-changing and queuing behaviors of non-motorized vehicles in the internal area, and the left-turn speed and traffic density of non-motorized vehicles in both the internal and exit areas. The data extraction and analysis of the parameters provide strong data support for further analysis of the subsequent mixed traffic flow. A cellular automaton model is developed using the intersection’s exit area as the scenario. The exit area is divided into three lanes based on the queuing patterns of mixed traffic. Corresponding traffic rules are established according to the traffic density of motorized and non

Yuan, Li, Liu, Xiaowei

Aviation Safety Expert Unites Industry to Safeguard Aviation Supply Chain

TBMG-5212812/01/2024

In the summer of 2023, a receiving clerk in the procurement department of TAP Air Portugal, a Lisbon-based airline, made a curious discovery: A $65 engine part that should have appeared brandnew showed signs of significant wear. The clerk checked the documentation from the London-based parts supplier and noticed that the submitted documentation was also suspicious.

These Speedy Cold Spray Machines Can 3D Print Vehicle Parts in War Zones

TBMG-5212212/01/2024

Maximizing the Potential of TPU Extrusion in Medical Tubing Applications

TBMG-5216412/01/2024

Whether for vascular catheters or implantable devices, medical tubing must meet tough standards for flexibility, strength, and biocompatibility. That’s why more manufacturers are turning to thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) that strike the ideal balance between these key properties, making them an excellent choice for high-performance medical tubing. Unlocking the best that TPUs have to offer means optimizing the extrusion process. This article looks at why TPUs are a top pick, the common obstacles in extrusion, and the ways manufacturers can fine-tune their process to get the most out of different grades.

Cable Carriers Promote Efficiency in an Autonomous Hospitality Robot

TBMG-5218712/01/2024

Since the COVID-19 pandemic that advanced contactless service, robots are increasingly being seen conducting routine deliveries around hospitals and hotels. Developed by Robotise Technologies, JEEVES is one such autonomous service robot used in hotels, healthcare facilities, offices, airports, and other settings. Its main duty is to transport materials and products.

Design, Optimization and Integration of the Suspension Mount / Bush, Spring, and Damper to Enhance Ride and Handling

2024-26-038901/16/2024

The paper deals with the study of the damper tuning and the integration of dampers with mount / bush and spring. The ideal approach to tune the characteristics of the vehicle is to modify bushings and mountings, used in the chassis system. In the automotive components design, mounts and bushings especially instituted in suspension system are determinant components while dealing with the noise, vibration and harshness in automobiles. This study represents utmost benefits derived from the suspension dampers when focus is more on damping force, top mount gain and top mount phase. The paper emphasizes on the transition frequency and its significance. The case study referred in the paper are presented for the Macpherson and twist beam suspension system. Furthermore, the results of the study are verified by conducting experimental trials. The comparative results showcased 90% correlation and proved beneficial.

Dorve, Sulochana Uddhavrao, Wale, Darshan

A UNIVERSAL STEERING GROMMET DESIGN APPROACH TO ENHANCE THE PASSENGER CABIN NVH PERFORMANCE

2024-26-020201/16/2024

As a car OEM, we continuously strive to set the bar for competitors with every product. Consumer travel experiences are enhanced by increasing passenger cabin silence. There is only one steering system opening in the firewall panel, which is used for allowing intermediate shaft's fitment on the pinion shaft of the steering gear. The steering grommet is the sole component that covers the firewall cut-out without disrupting steering operations, which has a substantial impact on the NVH performance of the vehicle. It is typically used in cars to eliminate engine noise and dust entering to passenger compartment. The part is assembled inside the vehicle where the steering intermediate shaft passing through BIW firewall panel. We use a bearing, plastic bush, or direct rubber interference design in the steering grommet to accommodate the rotational input the driver provides to turn the automobile. However, occasionally noise may be produced due to uneven bearing or plastic bush loading or a

J, Sadhish, Vijayarangan, Deepak

OPTIMIZATION OF OIL QUANTITY IN MANUAL TRANSMISSION AND REDUCING CHURNING LOSS

2024-26-034601/16/2024

Gearbox efficiency losses are contributed by Oil seal rubbing, Synchro friction rubbing, Gear losses, bearing preload friction, windage losses, churning losses etc. Here in this experiment we have focused on quantifying and reducing the churning losses as well as verifying the lubrication requirements satisfactorily in all terrains and conditions. The paper establishes the effective way for evaluating same with over 80 trials conducted for conclusive proof. Gearboxes must work efficiently to get the job done properly and lubrication is vital to this efficiency. Lubricating oil is like the circulation system of a gearbox. If the oil levels fall too low, the gearbox will likely fail. Gearbox failure can lead to expensive repairs that could be prevented. Besides added costs due to replacement or repair, costs associated with a loss of production could be significant. These issues are why it is important to understand the consequences of having low lubricant levels. Similarly, higher oil

Lakshamanan, sundar

Novel Exhaust system architecture for Petroleum Oil Tanker Application vehicle

2024-26-034501/16/2024

A large amount of heat given off by ATS on BS-VI exhaust system vehicle. Heat shield is required to protect the surrounding components. As per PESO (Petroleum and Explosives safety organization) guidelines for POL Application vehicle is that,(i)the surrounding temperature should not be more than 180° C and (ii) there is no spillage of any petroleum product to the bare surface of exhaust part directly. In BS-VI vehicle the heat given off from ATS is higher than the BS-IV vehicle. Typically flexible or wrap around heat shield is provided over ATS. In BS-VI flexible heat shield is not possible as more sensors and components are coming. In this project the novel design of heat shield (combination of flexible and metallic sandwich) on exhaust system is used. This design ensures the surrounding temperature is below 180° C and there is no spillage of petroleum product to the bare surface of exhaust parts (Including Tail pipe, Exhaust main pipe and ATS) directly. Also this design protect the

Sahoo, Rajanikanta, Khandagale, Anup, Manoharan, Logeshwaran, Kumar, Pravin

Damage Tolerant Fracture Assessment of Cracks in Non-Standard Geometries Under Static and Fatigue Loading

2024-26-027601/16/2024

Cracks on metallic components may appear due to manufacturing, handling, installation, repair, welding etc. and are controlled by quality documents. However, if cracks violate the limit defined in quality document, then either parts will be scraped or will need additional evaluation through detailed and specialized Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) approach. The initial size, orientation and shape of crack, part geometry and loading highly impacts the behavior of crack growth and remaining useful life. Study has been performed to understand the effect of crack aspect ratio on stress intensity factor under different stress gradient scenario. This paper also provides the simplified methodology to address the multiple cracks in complex geometries under static and fatigue loading.

Puranik, Shashank Suresh, Pathan, Irfan, Shinde, Swapnil, Soni, Nitesh, Kindleysides, Andrew

Liv-in vehicle of the future

2024-26-023701/16/2024

Liv-in vehicle of the future is a pioneer providing sustainable, highly customizable electric LCV solutions offering automated to autonomous driving, seamless connectivity to customers' ecosystems, peace-of-mind reliability and improved productivity and profitability. For flexibility, versatility, and economies of scale, modularity is essential. With a modular EV design, different vehicle models can share the same platform or components. This can accelerate development and provide manufacturing efficiencies, resulting in significant cost savings. With modular components parts sourcing is more efficient, and inventory management, processing, and storage are simplified. One plant can produce multiple vehicle variants far more easily and efficiently, with less complexity of retooling and physical layout changes. Advantages a) Reduced design and development costs. b) A flexible architecture that can be used for a variety of vehicle types. c) Economies of scale. d) Proven performance from

Dias, Francis Anton, Mane, Sushant

Design optimization of Engine Mount bracket to reduce various gear noises in the passenger car cabin

2024-26-020801/16/2024

With the advancement of regulatory norms in the automobile industry, there is challenging to meet performance efficiency targets, especially with a lightweight platform, while providing a superior driving experience to customers. The shift towards weight optimization makes the vehicle structure more susceptible to transfer a diverse range of noise and vibrations through the body. Although most undesirable noises perceived inside the cabin can be reduced by superior technology engine mounts and NVH packaging, all such solutions lead to cost addition. Intelligent considerations in part design can be used to supplement predictable transfer paths to quell unwanted vibrations. One such case is of the gear whine noise in certain rpm bands caused by inherent gear meshing frequency coinciding with the natural frequency of an engine mounting bracket. This paper demonstrates two methodologies to counter such a phenomenon, either through engine mount bracket natural frequency optimization or

Ghosh, Chiranjit, Agrawal, Adheesh, Karmakar, Sudipto, Srivastava, Shubham, Khan, Aamir

A novel framework for accelerating EDU NVH simulation using scalable transfer functions and evaluating manufacturing defects through space order excitation

2025-01-004405/05/2023

In the ultra-luxury vehicle segment, achieving optimal NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) performance across a growing range of load cases in drive and regeneration conditions presents significant engineering challenges. As the complexity of load cases escalates with varying torque ripple and transmission errors, traditional time and frequency-domain simulations become computationally inefficient. To address these challenges, an in-house software framework that employs Noise Transfer Functions (NTFs) and Vibration Transfer Functions (VTFs) is developed. The system’s dynamic response is computed once and scaled to various excitation sources, which includes radial and tangential forces derived from EMAG simulations, and gear forces derived from MBS simulation. Speed sweep simulation is performed to systematically characterize the RPM range, allowing for precise scaling of the transfer function against the original forces to obtain the responses in mounts or microphones. The resulting

Sureshkumar, Sanjai, Shaw, Stephen, Qureshi, Manucher, Duclaux de L'Estoille, Nicolas

Correlated beamforming based on deconvolution methods for identified vehicle exterior wind noise sources and interior noise

2025-01-002505/05/2023

Sound source identification based on beamforming is widely used today as a spatial sound field visualization technology in wind tunnel experiments for vehicle development. However, the conventional beamforming technique has its inherent limitations. To improve the performance, three deconvolution methods CLEAN, CLEAN-SC and DAMAS were investigated. These algorithms were applied for the wind noise sources identification on a production car. After analysis of vehicle exterior wind noise sources distribution, to study the energetic contribution of identified exterior noise sources to interior noise, correlation analysis between them were conducted. The results show that, the algorithm CLEAN-SC based on spatial source coherence shows the outstanding capability to remove the sidelobes for the uncorrelated wind noise sources, while CLEAN and DAMAS which based on point spread function have definite limitations. In the application aspect, the main noise source outside vehicle is from the

He, Yinzhi, Shen, Henghao, Wu, Yu, Zhang, Lijun, Yang, Zhigang

New system for the measurement of sound-insertion loss on small samples: a comparison with ASTM-E2611 and ASTM E90 test procedures

2025-01-011605/05/2023

This article follows a companion article presented at the SAE NVC 2021, in which a new system for the measurement on small samples of the normal-incidence Insertion Loss (IL) of multilayers used for the manufacturing of automotive sound package parts was first introduced. In addition to simplifying the evaluation of the sound-insulation of multi-layers used to produce sound-package components, the system aims to overcome the limitations of the test procedure based on the ASTM E2611 standard. In this article, the latter point is demonstrated by comparing the insertion loss results obtained with the new system with those obtained with the test procedure based on the ASTM E2611 standard on a few multilayers commonly used for the manufacturing of automotive sound package parts. Results indicate that the results obtained by means of the newly developed system are more meaningful, practically usable and less prone to edge-effects, compared to those obtained according to the ASTM E2611 test

Ruggeri, Giulio, Bertolini, Claudio

Modeling and Validation of Acoustic Emissions in Bent-Axis Pumps

2025-01-005605/05/2023

This work presents a comprehensive NVH workflow for modeling the acoustic emissions of mechanical systems, using a bent-axis pump as a case study. The workflow integrates multibody dynamics (MBD), harmonic structural analysis, and acoustic solvers. By employing these simulation tools, we capture the dynamic response of the pump and the vibration response of the enclosure's surface, enabling the estimation of equivalent radiated power (ERP) and the prediction of sound pressure level (SPL). To validate the simulation outcomes, experimental investigations were conducted in a semi-anechoic chamber, where data was collected with a microphone placed at a specific distance from the pump. At the time of this abstract, preliminary correlations between the simulation model and real-world measurements demonstrate promising accuracy and reliability. These findings are significant, offering advantages for pump manufacturers, including improved product quality, adherence to noise regulations, and

Kwarta, Michael, Banerjee, Bhaskar, Abdel Mallak, Zuher, Vallebrant, Per-Ola, Wiklund Lång, Marcus, Kayani, Omer

Road noise analysis using Component TPA and FBS with vehicle component modifications

2025-01-005505/05/2023

Road noise caused by road excitation is a critical factor for vehicle NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) performance. However, assessing the individual contribution of components, particularly bushings, to NVH performance is generally challenging, as automobiles are composed of numerous interconnected parts. This study describes the application of Component Transfer Path Analysis (CTPA) on a full vehicle to provide insights into improving NVH performance. With the aid of Virtual Point Transformation (VPT), blocked forces are determined at the wheel hubs; afterward, a TPA is carried out. As blocked forces at the wheel hub are independent of the vehicle dynamics, these forces can be used in simulations of modified vehicle components. These results allow for the estimation of vehicle road noise. To simulate changes in vehicle components, including wheel/tire and mount bushings, Frequency-Based Substructuring (FBS) is used to modify the vehicle setup in a simulation model. In this

Kim, Jungu, Reichart, Ron, de Klerk, Dennis, Schütler, Willem, Malic, Mario, Kim, Hyeongjun, Kim, Uije

Improving the Sound Transmission Loss of Wire Harness Pass Throughs

2025-01-011805/05/2023

Abstract Improving the Sound Transmission Loss of Wire Harness Pass Throughs For years the NVH community has known that openings in the dash sheet metal, such as holes to pass wire harnesses through, create an acoustical weak point that limits the potential noise reduction of the dash insulation system. These pass throughs can also be a source of water leaks into the vehicle’s interior. With the combustible engine and now electric inverter power plants, the need to seal this area is vital. By molding a lightweight barrier that draws through the fiber/absorber interior decoupler and dash sheet metal which mates to a secondary seal molded into an outer engine dash decoupler, the two opposing molded barriers meet in the engine compartment and compress together forming a seal around the wire harness. This male/female molded seal replaces the conventional snap in grommet and eliminates noise/water leaks. The system Sound Transmission Loss (STL) is equivalent to similarly insulated sheet

Check, James, Moritz, Charles

Indirect blocked force measurement of a hydraulic power pack for structural vibration transmission into an airframe

2025-01-005205/05/2023

Centralization of electrically driven hydraulic power packs into the body of aircraft have increased the attention on the noise and vibration characteristics of the system. A hydraulic power pack consists of a pump coupled to an electrical motor, accumulator, reservoir, and associated filter manifolds. In previous studies, the characteristics of the radiated acoustic noise and fluid borne noise were studied. In this paper, we focus on the structure borne forces generated by the hydraulic pump characterized through blocked force measurements. The blocked force of the pump was determined experimentally using an indirect measurement method. The indirect method required operation with part under test fixed to an instrumented receiver structure. Measured operational accelerations on the receiver plate were used in conjunction with transfer function measurements to predict the blocked forces. Blocked forces were validated by comparing directly measured accelerations to predicted

Smither, Matthew, Tuyls, Zachary, Patel, Pratik, Yan, Xin, Herrin, David

The applications of Acoustic Black Holes to attenuation of Coach/Bus Frame Structure Vibrations

2025-01-006505/05/2023

Abstract An acoustic black hole (ABH) is a structure whose cross-sectional thickness decreases exponentially to zero, and the phase velocity and group velocity of wave propagation in those structure acoustic black holes decrease as the thickness decreases until they are zero. ABH produce some very magical physical phenomena. For example, because the wave velocity decreases to zero, the wave can never reach the center of the ABH, so the wave propagation in the acoustic black hole has neither refraction nor reflection; that is to say the vibration wave will not go through the acoustic black hole. As a result, the wave energy is concentrated in the center of the ABH. The arrangements of those acoustic black holes in the structures could change the directions of the vibrational wave propagation in the structures at NVH engineers’ wills. These amazing phenomena could play a magical role in reducing structural vibration, structural noise radiation and structure-borne noise. Basic structures

A Comprehensive Evaluation of PU Foam for EV NVH Performance

2025-01-012005/05/2023

Low density polyurethane foam was first proposed as an alternative to expandable baffles and tapes for sealing vehicle body cavities towards the end of the last century. In spite of several inherent advantages for cavity sealing, the high equipment cost of dispensing amongst other reasons, this technology has not spread as widely as expected. With the advent of electric vehicles, there is an increased emphasis on controlling higher frequencies from motors, inverters and other components, and polyurethane foam can be a viable solution by providing more robust sealing. Polyurethane foam sealing is already being employed in the new breed of electric vehicles but its NVH advantages have not been fully studied or published in literature. Using an existing electric vehicle with conventional expandable baffles & tape sealing measures, a comprehensive evaluation of NVH performance using the closed-cell polyurethane foam solution was carried out. Testing included component level bench test on

Kavarana, Farokh, Guertin, Bill, Braun, Arnold, Hand, Joshua, Thota, Manoj

A Study on Reduction of Gear Rattle Noise through Clutch Hysteresis Stabilization

2025-01-010005/05/2023

Reducing gear rattle noise within the passenger cabin is a crucial objective in vehicle development due to its direct impact on customer comfort and driving experience. Gear rattle occurs when free gears collide during meshing, primarily driven by high torsional vibrations generated by engine fluctuations. These vibrations are transmitted through the clutch system to the transmission, amplifying noise inside the cabin. To address this issue, this study focuses on optimizing the clutch by stabilizing its hysteresis, which helps in minimizing the torsional vibrations transferred to the transmission input shaft, thereby reducing gear rattle. The investigation centers on a case where significant gear rattle was observed at high vehicle speeds, particularly under high engine torque conditions. A thorough root cause analysis identified that the primary contributor to the noise was a drop in the clutch hysteresis value at elevated engine torques. This drop increased torsional vibrations in

Awasthi, Mradul, Dhankhar, Dinesh Singh, Khare, Devendra Kumar, Rana, Deepak, pandey, Anant

NVH improvement of the BEV transmission by altering bearing mounting arrangement.

2025-01-010405/05/2023

As per metaphor, “The squeaky wheel gets the grease” the transmission of battery electric vehicle (BEVs) gets topmost attention in terms of NVH improvement. While the engine is getting replaced with an almost silent electric motor, the transmission noise appears persistent and demands more silent transmission. This has raised demand for improvement in design as well as manufacturing quality. Various innovations are being done to drive an improvement in the NVH. Following paper will discuss the improvement in NVH achieved through a design innovation in the way bearings are installed and demonstrated a significant amount of improvement. We have used SMT MASTA used as a simulation tool to predict the expected results and a Transmission Dyno test bench in an anechoic chamber to test the NVH performance on physical sample. The innovation was done on a small single speed two stage reduction gearbox coupled with a 100 NM, 14000 RPM battery electric motor. Though the bearings have

Pingale, Abhijeet, Soni, Jaldeep

Virtual Gear Noise Analysis and Case Design Investigation for Concept Parallel Axis Drive Unit

2025-01-010205/05/2023

For electric vehicles, it is critical to develop drive units that produce a minimal amount of noise while meeting efficiency needs for a given application. Modern computational resources and accumulated experience allow for engineers to evaluate gear noise early in the development process and influence the design of the drive unit. This paper documents a high-fidelity virtual engineering approach to evaluate gear noise in a concept parallel axis drive unit and provide learnings to influence design of the external structure to improve NVH performance. By using the latest simulation tools to calculate and visualize the noise and vibration characteristics of the drive unit, designers and developers can implement design changes in optimization iterations to reduce noise and vibration. Gear harmonic response is firstly analyzed through a system model which considers structural deflection and misalignment, then a FE housing model is incorporated which is used for noise radiation evaluation

Lima, Luiz, Shi, Zhenghong, Xu, Hai, REYNOLDS, CRAIG, Miller, John

Snap-fits evaluation for minimizing the Squeak & Rattle in Automotive

2025-01-009105/05/2023

The world of plastic products has been growing due to its versatile properties, which have become an intrinsic and fundamental part of the engineering of new products. The most important aspects contributing to this spectacular growth are the design and assembly, making sure that plastic parts are designed optimally. The safety requirements have been increased due to the safety ratings and thus interior parts must provide more absorption and protection to occupants. The main connection types used in the plastic parts are heat stakes and snap fits. The purpose of a good snap fit is not only to have a high retention effort but also to present ergonomic characteristics with low insertion and extraction effort because each part requires a different function. With the time-dependent loading the material will redistribute its internal energy thereby performing a time-related flow leading to reduced pretension thus decreasing stiffness. This paper presents an analytical and numerical method

MICHAEL STEPHAN, NAVIN ESTAC RAJA, C M, MITHUN, Mohammed, Riyazuddin

Asymmetric Gear Blank Optimization to Reduce Gear Noise for Electric Drive Units

2025-01-007905/05/2023

Gear whine has emerged as a significant challenge for electric vehicles (EVs) in the absence of engine masking noise. The demand from customers for premium EVs with high speed and high torque density introduces additional NVH risks. Conventional gear design strategies to reduce the pitch-line velocity and increase contact ratio may impact EV torque capacitor or its efficiency. Furthermore, microgeometry optimization has limited design space to reduce gear noise over a wide range of torque loads. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the optimization of transfer gear blanks in a single-speed two-stage FDW electric drive unit (EDU) with the objective of reducing both mass and noise. A detailed multi-body dynamics (MBD) model is constructed for the entire EDU system using a finite-element-based time-domain solver. This investigation focuses on the analysis and optimization of asymmetric gear blank design features with three-slot patterns. A DOE methodology is employed to

He, Song, Bahk, Cheonjae, Li, Bo, Du, Isaac, Patruni, Pavan Kumar, Baladhandapani, Dhanasekar

Impact of tripod joint pressing load variation on drive shaft rattling in passenger car

2025-01-009705/05/2023

In today’s fast changing and competitive automotive world, vehicle NVH plays an important role in customer’s perception of the brand. A silent cabin with lower noise levels is a desired attribute in a modern car. In such a scenario, abnormal noises arising because of manufacturing variations and tolerances of components can impact the brand image of any automotive company negatively. This paper presents an investigation into a noise issue arising from the right-hand (RH) drive shaft of an automotive vehicle while driving on rough roads at approximately 30 km/h. Various technical measurements, including rotational backlash and dimensional assessments, were conducted, all of which were found within specification. However, axial play between the tripod spline and the mid-shaft spline was identified during disassembly. Further analysis revealed that material localization was the only change point in the RH drive shaft manufacturing process. The fit interference between the tripod spline

Dhankhar, Dinesh Singh, Mishra, Ashish, Kirti, Viplav, Rana, Deepak, Bhardwaj, Ashish, Singh, Karanveer

Vibration refinement of two wheeler sub chassis and aesthetic parts due to engine unbalanced excitation forces

2025-01-011305/05/2023

Two wheelers are important and essential transportation mode in India. Designing a motorcycle with better riding comfort and minimal vibration are thus a major challenge for engineers now a day. Engine and road excitations are two sources of vibration acting on motor bike or scooter. These vibrations are transmitted to chassis, sub chassis, aesthetic parts and then to the rider and pillion. Unwanted vibrations will create discomfort to the rider/pillion as well as produces noises and hence needs to be minimized. This study is focused on diagnosis and control of output vibration responses of sub chassis/aesthetic parts due to engine unbalanced excitation forces. There are numerous parameters of motor bike/ scooter that govern the vibration responses of sub chassis/ aesthetic parts. Engine unbalanced inertia force characteristics and their transmission to rider and pillion has been studied and reported here. Environmental benefits demands for a complete NVH refinement for lesser

khare, saharash

Peening Media General Requirements

AMS2431D (Current)04/04/2023

This specification and its detail slash specifications cover the requirements for media to be used in controlled shot peening of metal parts.

AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee

Infrared Signature of Fixed and Variable Area C-D Nozzle of Aircraft Engine

88-16-02-001101/02/2023

The use of converging-diverging (C-D) variable area nozzle (VAN) in military aeroengines is now common, as it can give optimal expansion and control over engine back pressure, for a wide range of engine operations. At higher main combustion temperatures (desired for supercruise), an increase in the nozzle expansion ratio is needed for optimum performance. But changes in the nozzle throat and exit areas affect the visibility of engine hot parts as the diverging section of the nozzle is visible for a full range of view angle from the rear aspect. The solid angle subtended by engine hot parts varies with change in visibility, which affects the aircraft infrared (IR) signature from the rear aspect. This study compares the performances of fixed and variable area nozzles (FAN and VAN) in terms of engine thrust and IR signature of the engine exhaust system in the boresight for the same increase in combustion temperature. This study is performed for two cases: (i) variable throat area and

Baranwal, Nidhi, Mahulikar, Shripad P.

AC System COP Optimization Through Major or Minor Adjustment of Component Design

2022-28-042311/09/2022

In the process of designing of complete cycle of vapour compression refrigerant system, most important part is optimization of performance of all components including compressor, condenser, expansion valve, evaporator and piping and COP of the system . For balancing and COP optimization of air conditioning cycle, it is extremely important that all component selected must be balanced and synchronized with other components relatively. Many researches have been done related to system COP and performance optimization through various method as well as component performance optimization. While optimizing the cycle, changing one component parameter effects the other components behavior and becomes challenge to control all other characteristic. Sometimes even a minor adjustment in the cycle leads change in output result of components which are not preferable. The present paper is about optimization of system COP of refrigerant cycle through various combination of iteration that includes

raj, Abhishek, Bajpai, Himanshu, Agarwal, Roopak, Anal, Rajeev

Achieving Desired Level of Wettability for Unlikely Materials

11/01/2022

null, null

Achieving Desired Level of Wettability for Unlikely Materials

TBMG-46911-TEST-REC11/01/2022

Locking Side Pull Hoist Ring

11/01/2022

null, null

Panoptic Based Camera and Lidar Fusion for Distance Estimation in Autonomous Driving Vehicles

2022-28-030710/05/2022

Position estimation of the surrounding objects seen by the sensors mounted on an autonomous vehicle is a key module and it is typically carried out with the camera-lidar fusion owing to the high accuracy in depth estimation from lidar point cloud. In typical automotive LIDAR with 64 scanner points or less, at distances above 100m, the object detection with LIDAR is not dependable as the number of LIDAR clusters will be sparse, while the high-resolution camera can offer better detection even at the distances above 100m. Calculation of the position can be best achieved if there is a reliable means to get the corresponding LIDAR points for the detection in camera. To address this, we are proposing a novel a grid-based approach, in which a grid is created in the point cloud by calculating object’s position derived from camera detections. The correspondence between Camera pixels and LIDAR point cloud tends to suffer when the object of interest is occluded (eg.by other vehicles, guard rails

Jose, Edwin, P, Aparna M, Patil, Mrinalini, Thayyil Ravi, Arunkrishna, Rajan, Manoj

"Operation Strategies of Heat Pump Systems in High-Performance Electric Vehicles"

1329909/15/2022

"The energy consumption of a thermal management system cannot be neglected and is a significant contributor compared to the total energy consumption of a battery electric vehicle. Using a heat pump as part of the thermal management system, can heat and reduce energy consumption at low ambient temperatures. A state-of-the-art heat pump system consists of numerous actuators such as fans, pumps, electrical heater, compressor, and valves. An existing challenge remains to develop efficient operational strategies for these components with the corresponding interactions in dynamic boundary conditions. A physical model of the system can be used to optimize the control method and consequently, helps to save energy. The objective of this investigation is to obtain an operating strategy, which efficiently distributes the electric power between the heat pump compressor and the electric heater. In this context, the influence of an optimized, model-based control of the compressor speed on the

Study and Application of Gear Micro Modification of Electric Drive System

09/15/2022

Abstract The gear whine in the electric drive system of an electric vehicle is important and remains a challenge in developing novel electric vehicles. A gearbox dynamic model is established, and the effects of modification parameters on the sound pressure level, transmission error, and contact stress of the gear pair are introduced to reduce the gear whine. A multi-objective optimization study of four modification variables under multiple torque conditions is carried out by using transmission error and maximum contact stress as the objective functions. The eclectic programming method is imported to solve the convergence problem of multi-objective optimization. The influence of modification variables on objective functions is studied by establishing an approximate model of the optimal Latin hypercube design. Results show that the application of the multi-objective optimization method combined with the eclectic planning method for the micro modification of the gear can reduce the

Chen, Chen, Zhu, Linpei, Liu, Jing, Wei, Dan, Yu, Hao

Study and Application of Gear Micro Modification of Electric Drive System

15-16-01-0001-TEST-REC09/15/2022

Abstract The gear whine in the electric drive system of an electric vehicle is important and remains a challenge in developing novel electric vehicles. A gearbox dynamic model is established, and the effects of modification parameters on the sound pressure level, transmission error, and contact stress of the gear pair are introduced to reduce the gear whine. A multi-objective optimization study of four modification variables under multiple torque conditions is carried out by using transmission error and maximum contact stress as the objective functions. The eclectic programming method is imported to solve the convergence problem of multi-objective optimization. The influence of modification variables on objective functions is studied by establishing an approximate model of the optimal Latin hypercube design. Results show that the application of the multi-objective optimization method combined with the eclectic planning method for the micro modification of the gear can reduce the

Chen, Chen, Zhu, Linpei, Liu, Jing, Wei, Dan, Yu, Hao

testing mobilityRxiv application by test1auto test

SAE-PP-0673809/02/2022

testing mobilityRxiv application by test1

Mutagaana, Festo

Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook - 17

B-989-TEST-REC07/04/2022

The Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization MMPDS-17 supersedes MMPDS-16 and prior editions of the MMPDS Handbook as well as all editions of MIL-HDBK-5, Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicle Structures Handbook that was maintained by the U.S. Air Force. The last edition, MIL-HDBK-5J was cancelled by the U.S. Air Force in March 2006. This document contains design information on the mechanical and physical properties of metallic materials and joints commonly used in aircraft and aerospace vehicle structures. All information contained in this Handbook has been reviewed and approved using a standardized process. The development and ongoing maintenance process involves certifying agencies, including the FAA, DoD, and NASA, and major material suppliers and material users worldwide. The information and procedures in this Handbook are continuously reviewed and modified or removed as determined to be appropriate. With advances in materials and fastener

Burgers, Phillip

Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook - 17

B-98907/04/2022

The Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization MMPDS-17 supersedes MMPDS-16 and prior editions of the MMPDS Handbook as well as all editions of MIL-HDBK-5, Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicle Structures Handbook that was maintained by the U.S. Air Force. The last edition, MIL-HDBK-5J was cancelled by the U.S. Air Force in March 2006. This document contains design information on the mechanical and physical properties of metallic materials and joints commonly used in aircraft and aerospace vehicle structures. All information contained in this Handbook has been reviewed and approved using a standardized process. The development and ongoing maintenance process involves certifying agencies, including the FAA, DoD, and NASA, and major material suppliers and material users worldwide. The information and procedures in this Handbook are continuously reviewed and modified or removed as determined to be appropriate. With advances in materials and fastener

Burgers, Phillip

An Effective Design of Micro Tesla Valve as a Passive Mixer in Microfluidics Channels

2022-26-117805/26/2022

Mixing fluids is one of the major challenges in microfluidics. Normally, the mixing process is done by diffusion rather than turbulence, which makes it very slow due to low Reynolds number (Re) flow in the range of 0.1 to1. Owing to this behaviour, ineffective mixing occurs when two miscible liquids are mixed purely by diffusion which requires longer striation lengths and therefore longer microfluidic channels along with lengthy mixing time. Homogeneous mixing of solute and solvent is important for providing consistent chemical and biological reactions in µTAS.In this study, we develop a passive mixer that provides efficient mixing using micro tesla valves which allows the flow of liquids in the forward and reverse directions to analyse the formed vortices, turbulent intense areas, Reynolds number, and pressure using Ansys fluent workbench. An optimum design has been arrived by varying the number of cells from 1 to 5 in series and realization is done by excimer laser micromachining.

Singh, Deepak, Sankar PhD, Ravi

Forging a cost-effective way of verifying devices with Analog inputs in UVM based environment

2022-26-118105/26/2022

Safety is of utmost importance in the aerospace industry. Hence, verification of SOCs, subsystems and IPs used in the industry should be verified with latest methodology available in the market to deliver an optimal design. Some avionics systems are made up of components with analog inputs such as temperature sensor. These sensors are used in different parts of aircrafts such as Engine Fuel, Cabin temperature control, compressor discharge and many more. Thus, it is very important to verify them thoroughly. This paper talks about a simple technique which generates analog signals and enables such components to be verified in an UVM based verification environment. This can be achieved by creating a small model which generates a debouncing effect. Once the debounced signal is introduced, the devices can be verified thoroughly with the help of UVM testbench. The primary benefit is that the UVM methodology specifies and lays out a set of guidelines to be followed for creation of verification

Analytical Modelling of Nozzle Flapper Servo Valve to predict Hysteresis

2022-26-113305/26/2022

The flow from a servo valve is dependent on the position of its spool, which is affected by the energy dissipative mechanisms inherent to the servo valve. The position achieved by the spool is controlled by the input electric current signal, i, to the servo valve. However, because of the dissipative mechanics, the position of the spool can be different for the same value of input current signal i, when i is achieved by increasing from an initial value i0, versus, when it is reached when decreasing from the maximum value, i-max. This phenomenon, called hysteresis, results in different volumetric flow from the valve for the same current i, as it is approached from i0 or from imax. The hysteresis of the servo valve has its cascading effect on the actuator that it controls. The actuator will output an unintended position as a result of the servo valve’s hysteresis and the results can be detrimental to the application. It is therefore necessary to have different methods to predict, measure

Rajamoni, Krishna Kumar, Talore, Suresh, Navadkar, Amol

Additive Manufacturing of Threaded Parts for Aerospace applications

2022-26-117005/26/2022

Additive manufacturing also known as 3D printing and rapid prototyping is ‘the process of joining materials to make objects from 3D model data, generally layer upon layer. It is a suitable process to produce complex net shape parts, and prototypes. Additive Manufacturing empowers both design and industrial revolution, in various industrial sectors such as aerospace, energy, automotive, medical, tooling and consumer goods. In aerospace today, Additive Manufacturing is bringing lots of advantages and applications but manufacturing threaded fasteners or parts with threads is not much explored. In this study we are exploring this and trying to establish manufacturing threaded parts using additive manufacturing. This is going to give many benefits like reduced part cost, manufacturing and installation time and increased safety. The key features of such parts which makes AM as a best manufacturing method are – angled internal grove, provision for sealant for complete sealing, customized

Shetty, Dr. Kishora, Murthy, Harsha

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