Browse Topic: Pumps

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Hydraulic Pump and Motor Mounting and Drive DimensionsJ744_202510 (Current)10/1/2025
This SAE Standard applies to hydraulic pumps and motors used on off-road self-propelled work machines as described in SAE J1116.
CTTC C1, Hydraulic Systems
Aerospace Fluid System Standards, Metric, National and InternationalAIR2000F (Current)3/25/2022
The purpose of this aerospace information report is to provide a listing of national and international metric standards for use in aerospace fluid systems with their equivalent SAE inch, International ISO, and European AECMA standards.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Application Guide for Aerospace Hydraulic MotorsARP4940A (Current)11/9/2021
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is an application guide for fixed and variable displacement hydraulic motors. It provides details of the characteristics of fixed and variable displacement hydraulic motors, architectures, circuit designs, controls, and typical applications. The applications include airborne and defense vehicles with emphasis on high performance applications.
A-6C4 Power Sources Committee
Hydraulic Pump and Motor Mounting and Drive DimensionsJ744_202110 (Historical)10/8/2021
This SAE Standard applies to hydraulic pumps and motors used on off-road self-propelled work machines as described in SAE J1116.
CTTC C1, Hydraulic Systems
Method for Evaluating the Flow Properties of Pumpable SealersJ2025_202101 (Current)1/7/2021
This SAE Recommended Practice sets forth a method for evaluating the flow properties of automotive sealers that have been dispensed via a high pressure automatic system.
Materials, Processes and Parts Council
Flexure Testing of Hydraulic Tubing Joints and Fittings by Planar Resonant Vibration (Free-Free Beam)AIR1529B (Current)5/6/2020
This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) establishes flexure test procedures to determine and classify the fatigue strengths of reconnectable or permanent hydraulic tube joints. The procedure is intended for conducting flexure tests of fittings and joints for hydraulic tubing materials such as AMS 5561 steel, AMS 4944 titanium and MIL-T-7081 aluminum alloy, mounted as free-free resonant beams. Of particular advantage are the inherent simplicity of test setup, minimum restraint from a test fixture, low power requirements, short test duration, and ease of varying stress level.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Leading Women in Engineering & Science: Kristin Edgerton, Lead Project EngineerTBMG-362453/1/2020
Fault Detection in Single Stage Helical Planetary Gearbox Using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Decision Tree with Histogram Features2019-28-015110/11/2019
Drive train failures are most common in wind turbines. Lots of effort has been made to improve the reliability of the gearbox but the truth is that these efforts do not provide a lifetime solution. Majority of failures are caused by bearing and gearbox. It also states that wind turbine gearbox failure causes the highest downtime as the repair has to be done at Original Equipment Manufacturer [OEM]. This work aims to predict the failures in planetary gearbox using fault diagnosis technique and machine learning algorithms. In the proposed method the failing parts of the planetary gearbox are monitored with the help of accelerometer sensor mounted on the planetary gearbox casing which will record the vibrations. A prototype has been fabricated as a miniature of single stage planetary gearbox. The vibrations of the healthy gearbox, sun defect, planet defect and ring defect under loaded conditions are obtained. The signals show the performance characteristics of the gearbox condition. These characteristics and their number of occurrences were plotted in a histogram graph. Predominant statistical features which represent the fault condition were selected using decision tree algorithm. Using these features the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and J48 algorithms were trained and tested to classify the faults. The accuracy of the machine learning algorithm greatly helps in deciding the optimum time to carry out the required maintenance operation.
Shaul Hameed, Syed, Vaithiyanathan, Muralidharan, Kesavan, Mahendran
Miniature Stretchable PumpTBMG-3529610/1/2019
Soft robots have a distinct advantage over rigid robots: they can adapt to complex environments, handle fragile objects, and interact safely with humans. Made from silicone, rubber, or other stretchable polymers, they are ideal for use in rehabilitation exoskeletons and robotic clothing. Soft bio-inspired robots could one day be deployed to explore remote or dangerous environments.
Light-Activated Micro-PumpTBMG-349198/1/2019
Even the smallest mechanical pumps have limitations, from the micro-fabrication techniques required to make them to the fact that there are limits on their size. A laser-driven photoacoustic microfluidic pump was developed that is capable of moving fluids in any direction without moving parts or electrical contacts. The pump uses a plasmonic quartz plate implanted with gold atoms to move liquids with a laser that generates an ultrasonic wave.
Method Uses Ultraviolet Light to Control Fluid Flow and Organize ParticlesTBMG-349078/1/2019
A new method uses ultraviolet light to control the flow of fluids by encouraging particles — from plastic microbeads, to bacterial spores, to pollutants — to gather and organize at a specific location within a liquid and, if desired, move to new locations.
Optimal Pressure Relief Groove Geometry for Improved NVH Performance of Variable Displacement Oil Pumps2019-01-15486/5/2019
Variable Displacement Oil Pump (VDOP) is becoming the design of choice for engine friction reduction and fuel economy improvement. Unfortunately, this pump creates excessive pressure ripples, at the outlet port during oil pump shaft rotation, causing oscillating forces within the lubrication system and leading to the generation of objectionable tonal noises and vibrations. In order to minimize the level of noise, different vanes spacing and porting geometries are used. Moreover, an oil pressure relief groove can be added, at the onset of the high pressure port, to achieve this goal. This paper presents an optimization method to identify the best geometry of the oil pressure relief groove. This method integrates adaptive meshing, 3D CFD simulation, Matlab routine and Genetic Algorithm based optimization. The genetic algorithm is used to create the required design space in order to perform a multi-objective optimization using a large number of parameterized groove geometries. Results of this optimization method are discussed and a design guideline for the oil pressure relief groove is disclosed.
Zouani, Abdelkrim, Marri, Vidya
Development of Impact Force 1D Model for Powertrain Component2019-01-15496/5/2019
Electromagnetic valves excellent in sealing properties and resistant to sliding are often used in powertrain equipment installed in gasoline- or diesel-engine vehicles. An electromagnetic valve has the function of moving internal valve members by means of electromagnetic force generated by the application of a voltage and thereby changing the flow path. When an electromagnetic valve operates, however, the valve members impact with one another, emitting impact noise caused by it. With the requirement for low noise in electromagnetic valves having become stricter recently from the viewpoint of comfort in the passenger compartment, predicting the noise is needed at the design stage. With this background, this paper describes the development of a 1D model of impact force that will enable the noise and the product performance to be examined simultaneously for a GDI (gasoline direct injection) high pressure pump. In contrast to the conventional model in which a movable member is taken as a mass point with a spring and a damper placed at the impact section, this paper proposes a technique in which a spring-mass model with plural mass points is defined a basis on an eigenvalue of the movable member, verifying both models using measurement. In comparison with the conventional model, the proposed model can more exactly calculate the eigenvalues each of the three impact states in the opening operation of an electromagnetic valve. This allows one to improve that the accuracy in calculating the time characteristics of the force. This paper, in addition, gives cases of use of the developed model in studying the reduction of the force. Reducing the stiffness of the member exposed to impact force enabled the reduction in the high-frequency components of the force to be calculated with high precision, and the accompanying reduction in impact noise was confirmed on the actual machine.
Yoshimaru, Yuma, Kondo, Makoto, Omuro, Yukie, Inaba, Masashi
Swept Volume Approach for the Characterization of Pumping Loss of Shrouded Meshed Cylindrical GearsF-0075-2019-146815/13/2019
High speed rotorcraft transmissions are subject to load-independent power losses consisting of drag and pumping loss. Tightly conforming shrouds enclosing the transmission gears are often incorporated to reduce the drag component of the total load independent losses. However, tightly conforming axial shrouding can result in an increase in the pumping loss component. Quantifying the pumping loss of shrouded gear transmissions has been the subject of many studies. This study presents a new approach for estimating pumping loss based on the concept of swept volume borrowed from the positive displacement pump and compressor industry. In this study, pumping loss of shrouded gear transmissions is considered to be related to the swept volume of the gear sets and the downstream flow resistance created by the shroud clearances. The drag loss and pumping loss of a spur gear pair have been determined through testing using the NASA Glenn Research Center Gear Windage Test Facility. The results from this testing have been compared to theoretical results using the formulations presented in this study. Good correlation exist between the test pumping power loss and the predicted pumping power loss for tightly conforming axial shroud configurations.
Hurrell, Michael, Delgado, Irebert
Soft Robotic “Sleeve” Fits Around the Heart to Help it BeatTBMG-336161/1/2019
Researchers have developed a customizable soft robot that fits around a heart and helps it beat, potentially opening new treatment options for people suffering from heart failure.
Experimental Data of a Small-Size Gas ICE Driven Heat Pump (GHP) and Comparison of the Environmental Performance with an Electric Heat Pump2018-32-007010/30/2018
Worldwide, whenever thermal energy is required one of the most common supply solution is represented by the adoption of an electric heat pump. Nevertheless, other solutions may represent a valid option and the use of a Gas Heat Pump (GHP), based on an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) fed by natural gas, is one of these. The experimental results of the operations of a GHP in a small-size enterprise in central Italy are presented: the test site, with its energy requests and technical constraints is described. Furtherly, a comparison with an electric heat pump is carried out by reproducing its behavior through a 1-D simulation tool developed in the Simulink environment. The advantages that the thermal generator based on the ICE can bring compared to an electric solution from the technical, economic, and environmental point of view are highlighted. In particular the latter aspect is analyzed considering the boundaries of different European Countries, whose energy mix for the electricity production determines different equivalent grid efficiencies. Finally, the main results are summarized in the conclusions, focusing the attention on the main advantages and most critical points which could affect the suitability of the installation of the ICE-based thermal generator instead of an electric heat pump.
Magnani, Sandro, Bellissima, Alessandro, Azuma, Hiroshi, Danti, Piero
Popcorn-Driven Robotic ActuatorsTBMG-3307910/1/2018
When heated, popcorn can expand more than 10 times in size, change its viscosity by a factor of 10, and transition from regular to highly irregular granules with surprising force. These unique qualities can power inexpensive robotic devices that grip, expand, or change rigidity.
Modeling, Development, and Testing of Fluidic Flexible Matrix Composite Blade DampersF-0074-2018-127495/14/2018
ABSTRACT Currently existing lead-lag dampers are complex and maintenance-intensive parts of the rotor hub, and they are ineffective solutions for stiff-inplane rotors which experience very small deformation at the blade root. This paper introduces a new class of rotor blade dampers that use Fluidic Flexible Matrix Composite (F2MC) tubes connected to fluidic circuits. Models are developed that couple the blade, F2MC tube, and fluidic circuit dynamics in order to assess the performance of the proposed solutions. In this paper, two different devices are proposed for augmenting the damping of hingeless and articulated rotors. The first device is a compact F2MC damped vibration absorber intended for stiff-inplane rotor applications. Simulation results predict that an F2MC absorber placed at the root of a representative stiff-inplane hingeless rotor blade can increase the blade damping ratio from 2% to over 6%. The second device provides lag damping in an articulated rotor blade by harnessing the blade lag motion to strain an F2MC tube that pumps fluid through an orifice into an accumulator. Damping ratios as high as 25% critical damping are predicted for a representative articulated blade, although the F2MC damper effectiveness varies greatly depending on the blade operating lag angle. As a precursor to future rotor testing, a prototype articulated blade F2MC damper is built and tested on a 4.85-foot radius rotor blade. Using this device, blade damping ratios of up to 14.3% are achieved on benchtop experiments which include simulated centrifugal loading.
Krott, Matthew, Smith, Edward, Palacios, Jose, Rahn, Christopher
Performance Characteristics of a Mobile Heat Pump System at Low Ambient Temperature2018-01-00764/3/2018
The demand for mobile heat pump systems increases with the growing popularity of electric vehicles. One big challenge of such systems using low pressure refrigerant is the substantial drop of heating capacity at low ambient temperature conditions, when heat is most needed. The low suction density associated with low operating pressure in the evaporator is the major reason for the capacity drop. In extremely low ambient temperature, compressor speed may need to be regulated in order to prevent suction pressure going below atmospheric pressure, hence further reducing heat pumping capability. Other factors like pressure drop induced temperature glide and refrigerant maldistribution in the outdoor evaporator also weakens the system ability to absorb heat from ambient air. This paper presents detailed and in-depth analysis of the performance and limiting factors on low ambient temperature operation of a mobile heat pump system using refrigerant R1234yf. Experimental data are taken for ambient temperatures ranging from −20 to 20 ˚C. Analysis of losses are presented with the aid of a simulation model.
Feng, Lili, Hrnjak, Predrag
Advances in Gasoline Direct Injection Fuel Pump Technologies2018-01-03674/3/2018
The introduction of gasoline direct injection (GDI) fuel systems has created numerous technical and manufacturing challenges for fuel system engineers. Direct injection systems run at significantly higher pressures compared to port fuel injection, leading to increased stresses on fuel system components. The demands of GDI pump applications have led to significant innovation opportunities in areas such as high-pressure sealing, control of pumping noise and management of increased loads on pumping elements and pump structure. Shifts in the methodologies for the design of components and materials used, as well as changes to the validation and manufacturing processes, have been required to develop fuel systems for direct injection engines. New technologies for the assembly and joining of materials have also been important to further optimize designs for size, weight, and cost. Recent advances in materials and forming technologies have opened design possibilities to integrate pump sub-systems for improved function and packaging. Of these technologies, laser welding, metal injection molding, and precision stamping are key aids in creating robust, cost-effective and low-weight solutions. Additionally, the control of debris generation and migration during all stages of the value stream is a critical enabler of pump performance consistency and quality. Part transport, handling and cleaning, audit and analysis considerations must be fully integrated into process layout and material flows to achieve target requirements. Control of environmental air quality and airborne aerosols also plays a critical role in assembly quality. In this paper, design strategies, production methodologies and key lessons learned are reviewed for current and upcoming Stanadyne GDI pump technology.
Cavanagh, Mark, Pellini, Richard, Pinson, John
Application of Intermediate Vapor Bypass to Mobile Heat Pump System: Extending Operating Range to Lower Ambient Temperature with Low Pressure Low GWP Fluid2018-01-00714/3/2018
With market share of electric vehicles continue to grow, there is an increasing demand of mobile heat pump for cabin climate control, as it has much higher energy efficiency when compared to electric heating and helps to cut drive range reduction. One big challenge of heat pump systems is that their heating capacities drop significantly when operating at very low ambient temperature, especially for those with low pressure refrigerants. This paper presents a way to improve low ambient temperature heating performance by using intermediate vapor bypass with the outdoor heat exchanger, which works as an evaporator in heat pump mode. The experimental results show a 35% increase of heating capacity at −20 °C ambient with the improved system as compared to the baseline, and heating performance factor also slightly increased when the system is working at higher ambient temperature to reach the same heating capacity as the baseline. Further improvement of system design and heat exchanger optimization is underway.
Feng, Lili, Hrnjak, Predrag
Study on the Delay Characteristics of Electric Unit Pump2018-01-03134/3/2018
Accurate injection timing is necessary for the coordination of fuel injection system, intake system and combustion chamber. However, the electric unit pump has obvious delay characteristic, so the delay characteristics of electric unit pump were studied in this paper. Five main parameters of the delay characteristics were defined, which were namely electronic delay, electromagnetic delay, electro hydraulic delay, hydraulic delay and mechanical delay. Then six delay points were determined such as current generation delay, solenoid valve closing delay, injector opening delay, injection delay, solenoid valve opening delay and fuel pressure relief delay by analyzing the working process of the system. Based on the method of experiment, the change rules of the delay time were obtained at different input conditions by changing the parameters of cam speed, injection pulse width, injection timing, peak current and holding current finally. The result shows that the injector opening delay time decreases, the fuel pressure relief delay time increases and the other delay times remain steady as the cam speed increases. The fuel pressure relief delay time increases and then decreases, the other delay times remain steady in the range of injection pulse width 8~15°CAM. The injector opening delay time decreases and then increases, the fuel pressure relief delay time increases and the other delay times remain steady in the range of injection timing −8~8°CAM. The solenoid valve closing delay time decreases, the injector opening delay time and the fuel pressure relief delay time increases, and the other delay times remain steady as peak current increases. The solenoid valve opening delay time increases and the other delay times remain steady as holding current increases. The results provide a reference for precise control of injection timing.
Xu, Yang, Liu, Fushui
Cold-Start Hydrocarbon Speciation and Trap Materials for Gasoline Engines2018-01-09404/3/2018
Efficient hydrocarbon (HC) trap materials have been developed to trap the major emitting HC compounds from gasoline direct injection engines. Online FTIR measurements on different test cycles and catalytic systems showed that AHC, C5 compounds, and CH4 were the most emitted species at cold-start phase (up to 100 sec). Making AHC and C5 as targets for improving the HC light-off, lab scale reactor set-up was established with toluene and iso-pentane feed pumping system along with propane-propene mixture. TGA screening experiments conducted with ex-situ toluene adsorption and the results revealed that BEA type materials have moderate to higher HC trapping temperature and HC storage capacity. In the present investigation, BEA-HS exhibited outstanding stability and trapping ability even after 850 °C hydrothermal aging. PGM and TM based BEA materials were evaluated for HC-TPD experiments with TWC gas composition. Interestingly, adsorption properties of the samples at various aging temperatures are well correlated with pore size and structure. Functionalized micro-pore materials with transition based metals showed substantial improvement on toluene desorption temperature. Based on these studies and the test results, advanced HC trap catalysts have been designed which demonstrated potential advantage over conventional TWC.
Narayana Rao, Komateedi, Kim, Mi-Young, Song, Jinwoo, Na, SeungChul, Han, Hyun Sik
Range Extension Opportunities While Heating a Battery Electric Vehicle2018-01-00664/3/2018
The Kia Soul battery electric vehicle (BEV) is available with either a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heater or an R134a heat pump (HP) with PTC heater combination [1]. The HP uses both ambient air and waste heat from the motor, inverter, and on-board-charger (OBC) for its heat source. Hanon Systems, Hyundai America Technical Center, Inc. (HATCI) and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory jointly, with financial support from the U.S. Department of Energy, developed and proved-out technologies that extend the driving range of a Kia Soul BEV while maintaining thermal comfort in cold climates. Improved system configuration concepts that use thermal storage and waste heat more effectively were developed and evaluated. Range extensions of 5%-22% at ambient temperatures ranging from 5 °C to −18 °C were demonstrated. This paper reviews the three-year effort, including test data of the baseline and modified vehicles, resulting range extension, and recommendations for future actions.
Meyer, John J., Lustbader, Jason, Agathocleous, Nicos, Vespa, Antonio, Rugh, John, Titov, Gene
System Characteristics of Direct and Secondary Loop Heat Pump for Electrical Vehicles2018-01-00634/3/2018
The electricity energy consumption for passenger cabin heating can drastically shorten the driving range for electric vehicles in cold climates. Mobile heat pump system is considered as an effective method to improve heating efficiency. This study investigates the system characteristics of mobile heat pump systems for electrical vehicle application. Based on KULI thermal management software, simulation models including HFC-R134a direct heat pump (DHP) and secondary loop heat pump (SLHP) were developed. The secondary loop employed in the SLHP includes a coolant pump, an indoor heater core and a plate heat exchanger, instead of an indoor condenser in the DHP. The use of a secondary loop has advantages to improve air outlet temperature uniformity. The simulation models were verified by measured data obtained from calorimeter experiments. By adopting simulation models, the effects of indoor and outdoor temperatures on system performance and cycle characteristics were discussed. Results show that the increase of indoor temperature will largely decrease the system efficiency, and varied outdoor temperature has a big impact on heating capacity. Then the comparison simulations between DHP and SLHP were conducted, to determine the effect of the secondary loop on heating performance. Results show that the use of a secondary loop is severely harmful to system efficiency, but has little effect on heating capacity. Furthermore, the impact of coolant flow rate on the capacity and COP was discussed, and heat transfer effectiveness of heater core and plate heat exchanger were also evaluated.
Wang, Dandong, Gao, Tianyuan, Li, Wanyong, Yang, Yun, Shi, Junye, Chen, Jiangping
Experimental Analysis of Fuel and Injector Body Temperature Effect on the Hydraulic Behavior of Latest Generation Common Rail Injection Systems2018-01-02824/3/2018
The present paper describes the effect of thermal conditions on the hydraulic behavior of Diesel common rail injectors, with a particular focus on low temperatures for fuel and injector body. The actual injection system thermal state can significantly influence both the injected quantity and the injection shape, requiring proper amendments to the base engine calibration in order to preserve the combustion efficiency and pollutant emissions levels. In particular, the introduction of the RDE (Real Driving Emission) test cycle widens the effective ambient temperature range for the homologation cycle, this way stressing the importance of the thermal effects analysis. An experimental test bench was developed in order to characterize the injector in an engine-like configuration, i.e. fuel pump, piping, common rail, pressure control system and injectors. One of the injectors is used for the measurement of injection rate time profile by means of a Zeuch method-based injection analyzer, mean injected volume per shot and dynamic pressure time-history at pump outlet and injector inlet. The fuel temperature, measured at the fuel pump inlet, and the injector body temperature are independently conditioned in a range between −10 °C and 90 °C. Latest generation common rail injectors - featuring the first a pressure-balanced pilot stage, the other a three-way valve pilot stage respectively - were tested over a wide range of thermal conditions as combination of fuel and injector body temperatures, injection pressure level (up to 2000 bar), and injection strategies (solo-main, pilot-main and main-post injection patterns). The experimental results showed a strong effect of thermal conditions on the injector hydraulics. The injected volume can be varied up to 30% compared to the reference operating condition (Tfuel = 40 °C, Tbody = 90 °C). The injection rate analysis evidenced that the injector closure timing can be seriously affected by the system thermal state, while the nozzle steady flow is typically less influenced by the fuel and injector body temperature in the examined range. It was also evidenced a different temperature effect for different pilot stage architectures. In one case the temperature reduction led to an injection volume decrease and in the other case, comparable differences where observed but with a completely opposite trend.
Cavicchi, Andrea, Postrioti, Lucio, Pesce, Francesco Concetto, Ferrara, Umberto
Engine oil Thermal Management: Oil Sump Volume Modification and Heating by Exhaust Heat During ICE Warm Up2018-01-13664/3/2018
In the perspective of fuel saving and emissions reduction, engine oil thermal management has not yet received the attention it deserves. Lubricating oil, in fact, should be the focus of a specific warmup action: the expected benefits is on friction reduction – mechanical efficiency improvement – but also on a positive interaction with the cooling fluid thermal dynamics. The lower thermal capacity of the circulating oil (with respect to the cooling fluid) and the instantaneous reduction of the viscosity due to temperature increase produces a faster engine overall efficiency benefit: this invites to focus specific actions on its thermal management in the direction of speeding up the temperature rise during a cold engine starting. Being the mechanical engine efficiency strongly influenced by the friction losses and considering the important benefits on oil viscosity due to a temperature increase, important beneficial effects should be observed on fuel consumption: unfortunately, the big oil quantity inside the oil sump delays the oil warm-up which is continuously heated during the engine passage but also remixed inside the oil sump in which a great oil quantity is present. So, during a homologation cycle for passenger cars and light duty engines, the oil temperature rise is dominated by the mass inside the oil sump: considering that the oil flow rate is limited by the limited engine speed of rotation. In this paper, a modified oil sump has been designed and tested on an Iveco F1C 3 L engine test bench in order to temporarily reduce the oil quantity from which the oil pump aspirates it. In this way, the oil is remixed with a smaller oil quantity inside the sump, speeding up its temperature rise. When the engine reached a thermal stabilized state, the capacity of the oil sump is restored to its full capacity. The temporarily volume reduction of the oil inside the sump is realized by modifying it with a metal septum that divides the capacity into two parts: a thermo-controlled opening links the two parts together when the oil reaches the design temperature. Fuel consumption and CO2 emission reduction have been demonstrated and this further positive result has been added to another positive action in order to further speed up its temperature, using exhaust heat to warm the oil. Fuel consumption benefits has been demonstrated and pollutants reduction has been also reported, produced by the modified thermal behavior of the whole engine due to the positive interactions with the cooling fluid.
Di Battista, Davide, Cipollone, Roberto, Fatigati, Fabio
Small Sensor Array Offers Easier Way to Image BrainTBMG-285253/1/2018
Researchers at Sandia National Laboratories want to use small magnetic sensors to image the brain in a way that's simpler and less expensive than the magnetoencephalography system now used.
Making Heart Transplants Obsolete with Small Removable PumpTBMG-285183/1/2018
On the 50th anniversary of the first heart transplant, which occurred in December 1967, a University of Houston biomedical engineer is creating a next-generation heart pump for patients suffering with heart failure. Results are so promising that Ralph Metcalfe, professor of mechanical and biomedical engineering, who oversees the research project with William Cohn, director of the Center for Device Innovation at the Texas Medical Center, predicts radical improvement in treatment of failing hearts will happen within a decade.
Aerosol-to-Liquid Particle Extraction System (ALPES)TBMG-283212/1/2018
Agents that could be used in chemical and biological warfare tend to disperse widely in the air when released. Quickly collecting a concentrated sample of these agents is critical to detecting them before they reach harmful dose levels in the air. Also, methods of detection such as by polymerase chain reaction are enhanced when the collected agents remain alive.
MEG Technology Improves Diagnosis of EpilepsyTBMG-283532/1/2018
Leti, a research institute of CEA Tech, has taken a major step toward development of next-generation magnetoencephalography (MEG) that could significantly reduce the cost of MEG systems and scans, improve diagnosis and treatment for epilepsy patients, and help guide surgeons performing brain surgery.
Optical Networking TerminologyAIR6004 (Current)1/23/2018
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
Controlling Soft Robots Using Magnetic FieldsTBMG-281911/1/2018
A fundamental advance in controlling soft robots involves using magnetic fields to remotely manipulate microparticle chains embedded in soft robotic devices. Several devices have been developed that make use of the new technique. Possible applications for these devices range from remotely triggered pumps for drug delivery, to the development of remotely deployable structures.
Clearance Envelopes for Six-Bolt, Eight-Bolt, and Rear Truck Transmission Mounted Power TakeoffsJ772_201711 (Current)11/3/2017
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended as a guide toward standard practice but may be subject to frequent change to keep pace with experience and technical advances.
Truck and Bus Powertrain Committee
3D CFD Model of DI Diesel Low Pressure Fuel Pump System2017-01-230410/8/2017
This paper discusses the holistic approach of simulating a low pressure pump (LPP) including test stand flow dynamics. The simulation includes all lines and valves of the test stand representing realistic test operating conditions in the simulation. The capability to capture all line dynamics enables a robust design against resonances and delivers high-quality performance data. Comparison with actual test data agrees very well giving us confidence in the prediction capability of proposed method and CFD package used in the study. Despite the large spatial extent of the simulation domain, Simerics-MP+ (aka PumpLinx) is able to generate a feasible mesh, together with fast running speed, resulting in acceptable turn-around times. The ability to still model small gaps and clearance of the LPP very efficiently enables inclusion of realistic tolerances as experienced on hardware. This allows designers and engineers to translate simulation results for limit sample runs without procurement of hardware reducing development time and cost.
Ding, Hui, Husmeier, Frank, Gudekar, Jayesh, Bobade, Amol, Patil, Deepak
Development of Engine Lubrication System with New Internal Gear Fully Variable Discharge Oil Pump2017-01-243110/8/2017
Over the past decades, the automotive industry has made significant efforts to improve engine fuel economy by reducing mechanical friction. Reducing friction under cold conditions is becoming more important in hybrid vehicle (HV) and plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHV) systems due to the lower oil temperatures of these systems, which results in higher friction loss. To help resolve this issue, a new internal gear fully variable discharge oil pump (F-VDOP) was developed. This new oil pump can control the oil pressure freely over a temperature range from -10°C to hot conditions. At 20°C, this pump lowers the minimum main gallery pressure to 100 kPa, thereby achieving a friction reduction effect of 1.4 Nm. The developed oil pump achieves a pressure response time constant of 0.17 seconds when changing the oil pressure from 120 kPa to 200 kPa at a temperature of 20°C and an engine speed of 1,600 rpm. Test results confirmed that the developed oil pump controlled the oil pressure with an undershoot of about 12%. The oil jets were also stopped from -10°C. The internal gear tooth profile was also improved and reduced the friction of the rotor by 34% compared to a conventional trochoidal tooth profile. This paper describes the details of the design of the new internal gear rotor, the structure of the new F-VDOP, the engine oil circuit, and the test results. This new oil pump improves fuel economy by 1.2% under the LA#4 cold test cycle.
Yamamoto, Michitaka, Hosogi, Takayuki, Watanabe, Tetsuji, Nishida, Yuki
Orthogonal Optimum Design of High-Speed Solenoid Valve for the Injection System of Unit Pump2017-01-219810/8/2017
The electromagnetic valve driving mechanism is the significant equipment, which plays a vital role in the unit pump injection system; therefore, the performance of the electromagnetic valve directly influences the function of the control system. Based on the operation conditions of the unit pump injection system, a steady electromagnetic valve model was modified to study the influence factors of electromagnetic force and the best combination to get the maximum electromagnetic force. The validation model was verified by experiment. The effects of some crucial parameters upon the electromagnetic force were investigated in the present paper, (including working airspace, magnetic pole’s cross-sectional area, coil position, coil turn, the armature thickness). The results show that the electromagnetic force of the solenoid valve enhanced with the increase of driving current and with the decrease of working airspace. Besides that, the electromagnetic force won’t continuously rise if the driving current goes up to the threshold. Such results seem can be employed to explain the magnetic saturation phenomenon. In addition, the electromagnetic force will correspondingly rise with the increasing of armature thickness, increasing of coil turns, closing the coil’s position towards armature’s centre and equalizing the cross-sectional areas of major and vice poles. Based on the calculation, the greatest electromagnetic force was obtained by means of orthogonal design. The results prove that the method is feasible and accurate to obtain the key parameters of the solenoid valve in order to achieve the greatest electromagnetic force. The research results have a great engineering significance to the promotion of the electromagnetic force.
Li, Zhihong, Li, Guoxiu, Wang, Lan, Li, Hongmeng, Wang, Jie, Guo, Haizhou, He, Shuangyi
Effect of Magnetic Nanorefrigerant on Electric Vehicle2017-01-222210/8/2017
The ever increasing popularity of electric vehicles and higher requirement on safety and comfort has led heat pump air conditioning system indispensable in electric vehicle. Many studies have shown that the addition of nano particles contributes to great improvement on thermal conductivity than that of conventional refrigerants. Therefore, the application of the magnetic nanorefrigerant in heat pump air conditioning system has massive potential to heighten the heat transfer efficiency. This paper aims at studying the magnetic nanorefrigerant comprised of the magnetic nano powder Fe3O4 and refrigerant R134a. According to the relevant theoretical analyses and empirical formula, the heat transfer coefficient, density, viscosity, and other physical parameters are calculated approximately. In the heat pump air conditioning system of a certain type of electric vehicle, the special working condition parameters are selected to carry out calculation analysis with numerical analysis software. The results show that the heat exchange amount of this nanorefrigerant is 21.23% higher than the pure refrigerant R134a and increases with the volume fraction of the nano particles. Moreover, after adding Fe3O4 nano materials to the heat pump air conditioning system, the efficiency of this system has been increased by 8.6%. So the conclusion can be drawn that appliance of the nano-refrigerant in electric vehicle is both effective and feasible.
Liu, ZhenYang, Wang, Xihui
Aerospace & Defense Technology: September 201717AERP099/1/2017
On-Orbit Satellite Refueling Flow Measurement The Path from Concept to Operational Status Radiation Tolerant "Smart Backplanes" for Spacecraft Avionics Using Heat Pipes to Cool Embedded Computers Electronically Dimmable Aircraft Windows How do you block the light of the sun? Eliminating Electrical Arcing in Satellite Systems NASA Miniaturizes Century-Old Radio Sounder Technology Developing an Airborne Optical Systems Testbed (AOSTB) New Class of Excimer-Pumped Atomic Lasers (XPALS) Research demonstrates the viability of an atomic laser having a quantum efficiency greater than one. Hydrodynamic Drag Force Measurement of a Functionalized Surface Exhibiting Superhydrophobic Properties Comparing the skin friction drag effects of a superhydrophobic flat plate to an untreated flat plate of the same material and geometry. Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) Suppression and Long Delivery Fibers at the Multikilowatt Level with Chirped Seed Lasers Using chirped seed amplification with a MEMS VCSEL seed to scale the output power of a ytterbium fiber amplifier. High-Power Broadband Multispectral Source on a Hybrid Silicon Chip Photonic integrated circuits (PIC) may expand the spectral band-width of currently available optical sources at lower cost, smaller size, reduced vibration sensitivity, and higher brightness. Erbium Doped GaN Lasers by Optical Pumping Studying ER:GaN materials under 980 nm resonant excitation could guide future crystal growth.
Erbium Doped GaN Lasers by Optical PumpingTBMG-274969/1/2017
The main objective of this research was to construct an optical pump system that would allow the study of Er:GaN materials under 980 nm resonant excitation to be carried out. The results obtained from the optically pumped studies could then be utilized to guide crystal growth and laser design.
Erbium Doped GaN Lasers by Optical Pumping17AERP09_129/1/2017
Studying ER:GaN materials under 980 nm resonant excitation could guide future crystal growth. Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina The main objective of this research was to construct an optical pump system that would allow the study of Er:GaN materials under 980 nm resonant excitation to be carried out. The results obtained from the optically pumped studies could then be utilized to guide crystal growth and laser design. High energy and high power solid-state lasers have enabled a variety of applications which have had, and will continue to have, profound and far-reaching impacts on emerging technologies. The optical gain medium is the heart of a high energy laser (HEL) system.
Automotive Engineering: September 201717AUTP099/1/2017
New vision @ Gentex Creating a vital ADAS partner through home-grown R&D and manufacturing in (of all places) western Michigan. Positioning for hybrid growth BorgWarner "modularizes" to provide OEMs optimal electrified-driveline flexibility. Editorial: Beleaguered diesel could use a break-or a breakthrough SAE Standards News Kickoff to begin testing program to validate SAE J2954 wireless charging Recommended Practice Supplier Eye Will you be an active participant or passive bystander? The Navigator For future vehicles, communication equals trust Tenneco readies new semi-active digital suspension for 2020 New 90-degree turbo V6 leads Audi's hybridization blitz GKN using modular control algorithms for added systems integration U of M students engineer new autonomous shuttle system Jaguar's 2018 E-Pace shares Land Rover bones Ford pumps powertrains for 2018 F-150 2018 Subaru Crosstrek moves to new global platform Nissan's Ponz Pandikithura on EV lifecycle value
How Microdispensing Technology Is Changing Medical Device ManufacturingTBMG-274769/1/2017
A revolution is upon us. Dispense pump technology innovation is quickly bringing improved accuracy, capability, and versatility to medical device manufacturers. This revolution not only opens the doors to creating production processes that were once unimaginable, but also increases the scope of chemistries that manufacturers can consider for these applications. The end result? Greater flexibility in achieving accurate results for small deposits of fluid with the option to choose rapid curing adhesives that reduce work in progress while improving bond strength.
Sandia CoolerTBMG-272968/1/2017
Heat exchangers are used for the transfer of heat between two or more media. The media may be separated by a solid wall so that they never mix, or they may be in direct contact. Heat exchangers may be used in HVAC systems, power plants, and mechanical devices and systems that require heat transfer. Examples of systems where heat dissipation would be desirable are various electromechanical systems, and electronics applications such as conventional computing systems. In a typical computing system that includes a CPU, one or more memory devices, and other circuitry, cooling of the CPU in particular may be an important design consideration.
Virtual NVH Prototyping of Fuel Components Design - Focus on High Pressure Pumps and SCR Injectors2017-01-18406/5/2017
Virtual NVH Engineering is going to be reviewed in this paper for the development of FIE (fuel injection equipment) components. Some examples based on high pressure pumps and SCR air cooling injectors will illustrate the explanation. The use of a 3D FEM vibro-acoustic model is essential to support virtual NVH Engineering. Therefore, a review of techniques to study components is done first. Model correlation is also an important topic which will be discussed and which makes any NVH engineer confident in using a model instead of real HW. It is quite challenging to establish these models, as they must mimic the entire physical phenomenon of real structure borne hardware sound in the whole audible frequency range. Limitations of models are also identified and allow answering one true question: Should we stay considering only each component separately or as an assembly of parts of a larger system in the development process? Once a model of the studied component or system is established, some comparisons of variants can be initiated in the virtual domain. Standard spectrum analysis can be completed with psychoacoustic criterion to better judge the quality of the predicted sound by simulation and to decide for the best design solution.
Bourdon, Thierry, Weber, Rainer, Massinger, Johann
Robust Hydraulic Filter Rated Using Dynamic Efficiency Test Method Will Increase Aircraft Reliability and SafetyF-0073-2017-122235/9/2017
ABSTRACT Hydraulic contamination is a major contributor to flight control anomalies, binding, and leakage of hydraulic components. Typically, filters are rated using Beta Ratio/Efficiency at certain micron sizes per standard lab tests such as ISO 16889 or Mil-F-8815D (Ref. 1, 2). These are all steady flow tests at 100°F. Unfortunately, during normal aircraft operations, hydraulic filters are exposed to a wide range of operating conditions such as high oil temperatures, vibration due to pressure pulsations and flight maneuvers, cyclic flow and thermal excursions. The current hydraulic filters used on Army helicopters tend to shed particles during cyclic flow and vibration which can cause close clearance spools to lock-up in servo controls. This may result in un-commanded flight control inputs. This can also result in low Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) on pumps and actuators. The US Army has developed new hydraulic filter specifications which require dynamic test procedures using more realistic conditions. This has resulted in the development of more robust media filters, which have been shown during on-aircraft demonstrations to increase fluid cleanliness and decrease maintenance costs.
Rao, Peter
Numerical Study of Retreating Side Blowing Concept for a Rotor in High Speed FlightF-0073-2017-120155/9/2017
ABSTRACT Retreating Side Blowing (RSB) is a concept to blow air through the blade to suppress dynamic stall on the retreating side of the rotor, and enhance a vehicle's flight envelope at high speed and high loading forward flight conditions. Passive RSB utilizes a rotating blade as a centrifugal pump to drive flow from the inlet at the root to the outboard region. Current numerical studies examined the effectiveness of RSB in conjunction with validation against wind-tunnel measured data at high advance ratio conditions. The impact of varying freestream velocity on the performance of a blown pitching airfoil was also examined using two-dimensional airfoil calculations. The variation and timing of the freestream velocity significantly decreased the stall suppression benefit of a blown airfoil versus a fixed freestream. The validation of three-dimensional rotor simulations showed good correlation with measured data in predictions of integrated performance, section loading, and duct flow properties. Both measured data and numerical simulation showed no significant performance benefit from RSB in the tested flight conditions. Detailed examination indicated the RSB was able to reduce retreating side separation, but pumping torque, geometric modification due to slots, and increased retreating side horizontal force overwhelmed the retreating side torque benefit. Additional numerical explorative studies showed that powered-blowing could achieve significant performance improvement from pure aerodynamic perspective. However, the additional blowing power cancelled out most of benefit. An inlet valve model for simulation of scheduled blowing was also studied, but meaningful benefit was not observed. The retreating side blowing was able to reduce aerodynamic sources of retreating side vibration torsional load. However, the peak blade torsional load emerged on the advancing side at high advance ratio conditions.
Min, Byung-Young, Lorber, Peter, Wake, Brian, Berezin, Charles, Scott, Mark
Optimal Vanes Spacing for Improved NVH Performance of Variable Displacement Oil Pumps2017-01-10623/28/2017
In modern automotive engines, Variable Displacement Oil Pump (VDOP) is becoming the pump of choice to enable reduction in friction and delivery of stringent fuel economy. However, this pump creates pressure ripples, at the outlet port during oil pump shaft rotation, causing oscillating forces within the system and leading to the generation of tonal noises and vibrations. In order to minimize the level of noise, different porting geometries and vane spacing are used. This paper describes an optimization method intended to identify the best possible spacing of the vanes in the conventional 7-vanes, 9-vanes and 11-vanes oil pumps. The method integrates a Matlab routine with the modeFRONTIER software to create the required design space in order to perform a multi-objective optimization using a genetic algorithm. Results of this optimization method are discussed and a design guideline for the VDOP vane spacing is disclosed. Test data are included to validate the results of the optimization study.
Zouani, Abdelkrim, Dziubinschi, Gabriela, Marri, Vidya, Antonov, Simon
Effects of Inlet Curved Spacer Arrancement on Centrifugal Pump Impellers2017-01-16073/28/2017
This paper presents an experimental investigation of flow field instabilities in a centrifugal pump impeller at low flow rates. The measurements of pump hydraulic performance and flow field in the impeller passages were made with a hydraulic test rig. Analysis of Q-ΔP-η data and flow structures in the impeller passages were performed. In the present work, the effect of various flowrates on centrifugal pump impeller performance was analyzed based on pump measured parameters. The impeller’s geometry was modified, with positioning the curved spacer at the impeller suction side. This research investigates the effect of each inlet curved spacer model on pump performance improvement. The hydraulic performance and cavitation performance of the pump have been tested experimentally. The flow field inside a centrifugal pump is known to be fully turbulent, three dimensional and unsteady with recirculation flows and separation at its inlet and exit. The 3-D turbulent flow inside the pump with different curved spacers were analyzed by using a three-dimensional Navier-Stokes code with a standard k-ε turbulence model. In order to improve the pump impeller, the successful curved spacer model based on CFD analysis was manufactured and positioned at the inlet section of reference impeller for testing and analysis. Based on the numerical simulation and experimental tests, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) The impeller inlet geometry has important influence on the performance improvement of a centrifugal pump. Favorable effects on performance improvement have been achieved by separating the inlet flow region into two lanes. (2) Improvement on inlet static and total pressure values were achieved, mostly at low flowrate trials. (3) A uniform flow upstream of the impeller inlet is helpful for improving cavitation inside the pump. (4) The experimental results provided important evidence for the influence of flow instabilities on pump hydraulic performance.
Hermez, Munther, Jawad, Badih, Liu, Liping, Oklejas, Eli
Refrigerant Charge Imbalance in a Mobile Reversible Air Conditioning-Heat Pump System2017-01-01773/28/2017
This paper presents the study of refrigerant charge imbalance between A/C (cooling) mode and HP (heating) mode of a mobile reversible system. Sensitivities of cooling and heating capacity and energy efficiency with respect to refrigerant charge were investigated. Optimum refrigerant charge level for A/C mode was found to be larger than that for HP mode, primarily due to larger condenser size in A/C mode. Refrigerant charge retention in components at both modes were measured in the lab by quick close valve method. Modeling of charge retention in heat exchangers was compared to experimental measurements. Effect of charge imbalance on oil circulation was also discussed.
Feng, Lili, Hrnjak, Predrag
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