Browse Topic: Hardware

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"Leveraging Python-CAN and UDS for Cost Effective Automotive ECU Re-Programming"2026-26-0543To be published on 01/16/2026
Electronics with Software plays a crucial role to realize innovations in automotive industry. Advancement in automotive features has been fast paced, with rising number of ECUs (Electronics Control Unit) architecture increasing the complexity and cost pressure. While ECUs have established themselves the core unit to process and control vehicle including diagnostics. Hence ECU programming is vital for every player contributing to automotive development. Programming of an ECU involves several files like Bootloader, Application and calibration files, which are programmed over CAN bus using few of the widely used licensed tool such as Vector’s V-Flash, INCA-Flash, FlashR, etc. Despite the existence of major tools several organizations look for alternatives due to the high cost involved with license and CAN Hardware dependencies of manufacturers. Throughout this research various programming tools and CAN hardware compatibility were evaluated in combination, including time to program. The
Khot, Shubham, Iqbal, MD Farhan, Anilkumar, Sandhya, Tavhare Sr, Sarika, Bose, Indranil
Model Based Design of Gear Shift Control for Twin Clutch AMT2026-26-0054To be published on 01/16/2026
Model Based Design (MBD) uses mathematical modelling to create, test and refine systems in simulated environment, primarily applied in control system development. This paper discusses an approach to control gear shifting using shift logic on vehicle level for twin clutch transmission using prototype controller. Twin clutch transmission is a concept with two clutches, one at input end of the transmission called primary clutch and the other at output end of the transmission called secondary clutch. This concept is proposed to counter the challenges with conventional transmission which include increased gear shift time and effort in lower gears, potential rollback of vehicle in uphill condition and chance of missed shifts. The advantages of this concept include reduced gear shift effort and improved synchronizer life with potential for reducing the size of the synchro pack. This paper proposes a methodology to develop shift logic, integrate hardware with software, flashing and calibration
Patel, Hiral, Thambala, Prashanth, Tongaonkar, Yogesh, Mosthaf, Joerg, Malpure, Khushal
Complex Pulse Width Modulation Generation for Motor Controls Application Using Multichannel Sequencer (MCS) of Generic Timer Module (GTM)2026-26-0153To be published on 01/16/2026
The inverter in electric vehicles (EVs) transforms the battery's DC power into a regulated, variable-frequency AC signal, allowing for exact control over the three phase AC motor's speed and torque. The PWM allows for synchronized regulation of pulse widths of all the three phases, resulting in balanced and controlled power output to the motor windings and improves overall performance. The Advance Routing Unit (ARU)Connected Timer Output modules (ATOM) of Generic Timer Module (GTM) incorporate motor control-specific capabilities including fast triggering mechanisms, synchronization, high-resolution (24-bit resolution) and dead-time generation. Whereas other timer modules may be more generic and not optimized for advanced motor control applications. The objective of this paper is to present the strategy to reduce the CPU load in software by utilizing the submodules of GTM called Multi channel sequencer (MCS). It has a minimal amount of software operating on the chip core, resulting in
Reddy, Kurlapalle Sainath
From Vision to Reality - Automotive UI/UX Concept Development at Magna2026-26-0477To be published on 01/16/2026
The development of automotive UI/UX relies on the latest technologies and features in modern vehicle design, focusing on enhancing user interaction. The Magna UI/UX team uses innovative tools to streamline the development of user interaction features. Our process is accessible to all stakeholders and applicable to all UI/UX projects. With extensive experience working with both new entrants and traditional OEMs, we leverage diverse insights and methodologies to create state-of-the-art user experiences. Beginning with the UI strategy, Magna defines the overall display and interaction strategy based on the latest UI/UX trends and benchmarking criteria for user experience. In this phase, Magna uses online clickdummies to evaluate initial wireframes and sketches, documenting UI elements (buttons, typography, colors, icons) and simulating feature interactions like music control. To develop a UI/UX concept based on customer vision, Magna creates the base screen layout and operation flow
Lechner, Michael
Lightweight AI Deployment for Legacy Automotive ECUs: A Practical Optimization Approach2026-26-0663To be published on 01/16/2026
Automotive systems are increasing adopting data-driven and intelligent functionality in the areas of predictive maintenance, virtual sensors and diagnostics. This has led to a need for the AI models to be directly run on vehicle ECUs. However, most of these ECUs – especially those in cost-sensitive or legacy platforms lack the computational capacity and parallel processing support required for standard AI implementations. Given the stringent real-time and reliability requirements in automotive environments, deploying such models presents a unique challenge. This paper proposes a practical methodology to optimize both the training and deployment phases of AI models for low-computation ECUs that operate without parallelism. Designing lightweight model architectures, using pruning and quantization techniques to minimize resource utilization, and putting in place a strategy appropriate for single-threaded execution are the three main objectives of the developed approach. The goal is to
Sharma, Sahil, Mathew, Melvin
High-Performance Computing for Software-Defined EV Powertrains: Design and Real-Time Validation with NXP S32E278 Domain Controller2026-26-0684To be published on 01/16/2026
Software-Defined Vehicles (SDVs) are redefining the automotive landscape by decoupling hardware from software and enabling dynamic, over-the-air updates, advanced control strategies, and real-time decision-making. To support this transformation, EV powertrain systems require high-performance computing (HPC) platforms capable of real-time control, data processing, and cross-domain communication. This paper introduces a fully SDV-compatible EV powertrain architecture built around the NXP S32E278 domain controller, which integrates a multi-core, lockstep-enabled processor specifically designed for zonal control and automotive functional safety. To meet the bandwidth and latency demands of modern SDV applications, the system replaces conventional CAN-based communication with automotive Ethernet, enabling gigabit data transfer, Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN), and low-latency coordination across software-defined control domains. The S32E executes critical functions such as field-oriented
Pawar, Ganesh, Inamdar, Sumer Deepak, Kumar, Mayank, Deosarkar, Pankaj, Tayade, Nikhil, Kanse, Dattatray, Chopade, Vipul
Totem-Pole PFC and LLC resonant converter based 6.6kW On-Board Charger for LEV Applications2026-26-0160To be published on 01/16/2026
As light electric vehicles (LEVs) gain popularity, the development of efficient and compact on-board chargers (OBCs) has become a critical area of focus in power electronics. Conventional AC-DC topologies often face challenges, including high inrush currents during startup, which can stress components and affect system reliability. Furthermore, DC-DC converters often have a limited soft-switching range under light load conditions, leading to increased switching losses and reduced efficiency. This paper proposes a novel 6.6 kW on-board charger architecture comprising a bridgeless totem-pole power factor correction (PFC) stage and an isolated LLC resonant DC-DC converter. The main contribution lies in the specific focus on enhancing startup behavior and switching performance. In PFC converters, limiting inrush current during startup is crucial, especially with fast-switching wide-bandgap devices like SiC or GaN. Conventional soft-start techniques fall short in of ensuring smooth voltage
Patil, Amruta, Bagade, Aniket
Human-Centric Automotive Interior Lighting assessment: A feedback-Based Approach2026-26-0132To be published on 01/16/2026
Automotive interior lighting systems must comply with rigorous internal standards while aligning with evolving customer expectations across diverse vehicle segments. As technological advancements accelerate and consumer demands grow, these systems have become increasingly advanced. Traditionally, validation relied on physical integration with vehicle and its hardware particularly silver box unit and infotainment systems. However, this conventional approach presents several limitations, including dependency on mature hardware and software, challenges in testing and synchronization across multiple lighting modules, and constraints in design validation accuracy. To address these limitations, this paper introduces an innovative approach that employs real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation for digital lamp testing. This method facilitates autonomous and abuse testing, enabling independent validation of interior lighting systems within a controlled virtual environment while
Shah, Kunal, Joshi, Vivek S., Mandloi, Prince
Video 2 Scenario: A Novel Method to Generate Edge Case Traffic Scenarios from Dashcam Videos2026-26-0666To be published on 01/16/2026
This paper presents Video 2 Scenario, a systematic and cost-effective method to generate edge case scenarios derived from road events captured in dash camera videos. Current methods for obtaining real-world scenarios rely on supplementary sensor data like LiDAR, GPS and radar, which require expensive sensor setups for data collection. Other scenario generation methods rely on manual effort by human experts, which can be laborious and time-consuming. Our proposed methodology utilizes state-of-the-art deep learning models to extract vehicle trajectories, road layouts and other scenario-specific elements and reconstructs a scenario in the format of simulation scripts. The scripts are then refined by replaying the scenario multiple times in a simulation with attached virtual sensors to minimize the discrepancy between the subsequently obtained simulated video data and the original dash camera video data. The refined simulation scripts ensure that critical edge case scenarios are replicated
Ramalingam, Surya Prasath, Priyadarshi, Marut, Khan, Parvej, Kumar, Vaibhav, Pandey, Gaurav, Lohani, Bharat
Review on the flyback converter design for multi-output2026-26-0200To be published on 01/16/2026
With the increasing demand for DC loads, DC-DC converters have become indispensable in modern power electronic architectures. With high-voltage applications typical DC-DC converter topologies are required which include isolation for safety and voltage level conversion. Among various isolated converter topologies, the flyback converter is widely favored for low-power applications, typically under 100 W, due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. Like other DC-DC topologies, the flyback converter can operate in either continuous conduction mode or discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The work have focused on the design and performance analysis of a flyback converter operating in DCM, with a specific emphasis on magnetic component design and loss evaluation. A 55 W multi-winding flyback converter employing a passive snubber circuit is studied and implemented. The loss analysis is done with switch losses around 3.4W and the coupled inductor core losses around 1.5W and copper losses
S, Denis, Deshpande, Prathamesh Pravin, Deshpande, Rohan
SAE No. 2 Friction Test Machine µPVT TestJ2490_202511 (Current)11/25/2025
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended as the definition of a standard test, which may be subject to frequent change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. This should be kept in mind when considering its use.The SAE No. 2 Friction Test Machine is used to evaluate the friction characteristics of automatic transmission plate clutches with automotive transmission fluids. It can also be used to conduct durability tests on wet friction systems.The specific purpose of this document is to define a µPVT Test for the evaluation of the variation of wet friction system performance as a function of speed, temperature, and pressure. This procedure is intended as a standard for both suppliers and end users.The only variables selected by the supplier or user of the friction system are:a. Friction materialb. Fluidc. Reaction platesThese three variables must be clearly identified when reporting the results of this test. If any of the test parameters or system hardware as described in
Automatic Transmission and Transaxle Committee
SAE No. 2 Friction Test Machine 6000 rpm Stepped Power TestJ2488_202511 (Current)11/25/2025
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended as the definition of a standard test, but may be subject to frequent change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. This should be kept in mind when considering its use.The SAE No. 2 Friction Test Machine is used to evaluate the friction characteristics of automatic transmission plate clutches with automotive transmission fluids. It can also be used to conduct durability tests on wet friction systems.The specific purpose of this document is to define a 6000 rpm stepped power test for the evaluation of wet friction system performance variation as a function of power level. This procedure uses an initial engagement speed of 6000 rpm and is intended as a standard procedure for common use by both suppliers and end users.The only variables selected by the supplier or user of the friction system are:a. Friction materialb. Fluidc. Reaction platesThese three variables must be clearly identified when reporting the results of using this test
Automatic Transmission and Transaxle Committee
SAE No. 2 Friction Test Machine 3600 rpm Stepped Power TestJ2487_202511 (Current)11/21/2025
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended as the definition of a standard test, but may be subject to frequent change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. This should be kept in mind when considering its use.The SAE No. 2 Friction Test Machine is used to evaluate the friction characteristics of automatic transmission plate clutches with automotive transmission fluids. It can also be used to conduct durability tests on wet friction systems.The specific purpose of this document is to define a 3600 rpm Stepped Power Test for the evaluation of wet friction system performance variation as a function of power level. This procedure uses an initial engagement speed of 3600 rpm and is intended as a standard procedure for common use by both suppliers and end users.The only variables selected by the supplier or user of the friction system are:a. Friction Materialb. Fluidc. Reaction PlatesThese three variables must be clearly identified when reporting the results of using this test
Automatic Transmission and Transaxle Committee
Regeneration Calibration for optimum Range and effective brakes performances in eSUV2024-26-011001/16/2024
Regenerative braking is an effective approach for electric vehicles (EVs) to extend their driving range. To enhance the braking performances and regenerative energy, regenerative braking control strategy based on multi objective optimisation is explained in this paper. This technical paper would be focusing on extracting optimum Range with effective brake performances without affecting drivability and performances in different drives modes. An extensive research study on public road driving patterns is done to understand the percentage utilisation of brakes at various (low-mid-high) speeds as per the customer driving behavior. Multi-Objective optimisation function with three vital factors is defined where output generated power, torque smoothness and current smoothness are selected as optimisation objective to improve the driving range, braking comfort, and battery lifetime respectively. Braking regeneration maps are calibrated along with optimised foundation brake hardware’s to get
KUMAR, Prabhakar, K, Rajakumar, Krishnan, Nandhakumar, Suhail, Mohammed thamjeed
Dynamic Spark Advance Technology for Gasoline Fuel Blends2024-26-007401/16/2024
Fuel efficiency is one of the most important customer requirement in Indian market as well as very crucial to meet the upcoming regulation like CAFÉ for Indian Automotive manufacturers. Most of the technology changes to meet this challenge, always come with a cost penalty with hardware addition. To counter the above challenge, we identified a strategy in the EMS software, without any hardware change, that will dynamically adapt the spark timing based on fuel quality. This strategy has resulted in fuel efficiency improvement on MIDC as well as on-road as per customer driving pattern. Going forward the availability of Ethanol Blended Fuels are going to increase multifold, to take advantage of this, the dynamic spark advance strategy has been proposed in this paper. This paper elaborates on the work done to develop and validate the EMS Strategy as well as the test results with different Ethanol Fuel Blends.
Tyagarajan, Sethuramalingam, Kavekar, Pratap, Suna, Bhagyashree, Agarwal, Nishant, Shaikh, Wasim
Optimized Soot Monitoring by Ammonia injection in a sDPF system for BS 6.22024-26-014101/16/2024
The BS6 norms (phase 1) were implemented in India from April 1, 2020 and replaced the previous BS4 norms. Phase 2 of the BS6 norms, which came into effect on April 1, 2023. In accordance with the regulation requirement, effective performance of after treatment systems like DPF and SCR demands critical hardware implementation and robust monitoring strategies in the extended operating zone. Effective OBD monitoring of DPF, which is common to all BSVI certified vehicles, such that the defined strategy detects the presence or absence of the component is imperative. A robust monitoring strategy is developed to detect the presence of the DPF in the real world incorporating the worst possible driving conditions including idling, and irrespective of other environmental factors subject to a location or terrain. The differential pressure sensor across the DPF is used to study the actual pressure drop across the DPF. Additional for BS 6 (phase 2) PM sensor becomes an important part to keep the
Sharma, Prashant, Hareesh, Sangaraju, V, Suryanarayanan, Palanisamy, Krishnaraj, P, Jagdesan, Rathiya, Akash
Locking Side Pull Hoist RingTBMG-4691611/01/2022
The Challenges Pitfalls and Threats of TrustZone2022-01-014003/29/2022
A Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) is an environment for executing code where the executing code can have high levels of trust in the asset management compared to surrounding environment because it can avoid threats from the unknown rest of the device . Trustzone provides an isolation to security critical components in the system by providing hardware separation between rich operating system, from a much smaller secure operating system. It enables two environment , secure world and normal world to run simultaneously on a single core yet separating secure world from the rest of the system . Its been used extensively in automotive products by many OEM's . Even though TEE is the starting point for establishing a device root of trust but a number of published attacks against TEE implementations request a second opinion on their security. The aim of this research is to provide an analytical and educational exploration of TrustZone-based TEE vulnerabilities with the goal of pinpointing
Sivakumar, Gaayatri, Shahare, Rahul, Kochi Peedikayil, Mohammad Yasir, Varshney, Saurav
Managing Trust along the CAN Bus2022-01-014303/29/2022
Multiple approaches have been created to enhance intra-vehicle communications security over the past three decades since the introduction of CAN. The twin pair differential-mode communications bus is tremendously robust in the face of interference, yet physical access to the bus offers a variety of potential attack vectors whereby false messages and/or denial of service are easy to achieve. This paper seeks to evaluate extensions of a common-mode watermark-based authentication technique recently developed to improve authentication on the CAN bus by considering the watermark as a side-channel communications means for high value information. We also describe a variety of higher layer algorithms, with benefits and pitfalls, for employing the watermark as a physical-layer firewall. All of these results are backed by a software-defined radio (SDR) based hardware testbed.
Michaels, Alan J., Fletcher, Michael, Henshaw, Chris, Palukuru, Venkata Sai Srikar, Moore, John
Designing a Next Generation Trailer Braking System2021-01-126810/11/2021
Passenger vehicles have made astounding technological leaps in recent years. Unfortunately, little of that progress has trickled down to other segments of the transportation industry leaving opportunities for massive gains in safety and performance. In particular, the electric drum brakes on most consumer trailers differ little from those on trailers over 70 years ago. Careful examination of current production passenger vehicle hardware and trailering provided the opportunity to produce a design and test vehicle for a plausible, practical, and performant trailer braking system for the future. This study equips the trailer with high control frequency antilock braking and dynamic torque distribution through use of passenger vehicle grade apply hardware. Combining an electrically boosted one-box brake actuator with a complement of sensors allows one to leverage existing brake and chassis controls to produce high performance with minimal controls changes and off the shelf hardware in the
Reini, Steven, Spry, Douglas, Marmara, Stacey, Brinkman, Todd
Dynamic Brake Test Stand2021-01-127410/11/2021
Nowadays, inertia dynamometers or roller dynamometers are used for the development and testing of vehicle brakes. However, these testing methods are either entirely unable to simulate dynamical conditions, close to real driving maneuvers, or they can do so approximately only at very high costs. This means that brakes, braking systems and brake-related assistance systems such as the ESC system can ultimately only be tested in a full prototype of the car, or before that on hardware-in-the-loop test stands. In the case of the ESC, these test stands have to simulate the behavior of the brake and the surrounding vehicle in real time, then stimulate the interfaces of the ESC sensors accordingly, and finally evaluate the reaction of the ESC system in different situations. The problem here, however, is that the braking system can only be approximated by simulations. Nevertheless, it would be important to be able to carry out detailed stability tests with real hardware on suitable brake test
Kraus, Andreas, Stiegelmeyr, Andreas
FPGA Implementation of In-Cycle Closed-Loop Combustion Control Methods2021-24-002409/05/2021
This paper investigates the FPGA resources for the implementation of in-cycle closed-loop combustion control algorithms. Closed-loop combustion control obtains feedback from fast in cylinder pressure measurements for accurate and reliable information about the combustion progress, synchronized with the flywheel encoder. In cycle combustion control requires accurate and fast computations for their real-time execution. A compromise between accuracy and computation complexity must be selected for an effective combustion control. The requirements on the signal processing (evaluation rate and digital resolution) are investigated. A common practice for the combustion supervision is to monitor the heat release rate. For its calculation, different methods for the computation of the cylinder volume and heat capacity ratio are compared. Combustion feedback requires of virtual sensors for the misfire detection, burnt fuel mass and pressure prediction. Different alternatives proposed in the
Jorques Moreno, Carlos, Stenlaas, Ola, Tunestal, Per
Fusing Offline and Online Trajectory Optimization Techniques for Goal-to-Goal Navigation of a Scaled Autonomous Vehicle2021-01-009704/06/2021
Enabling self-driving vehicles to efficiently and autonomously navigate through an obstacle-filled environment remains a topic of significant contemporary research interest. Motion-planning frameworks, encapsulating both path- and trajectory-planning, have played a dominant role in realizing the deployment of a “sense-think-act” intelligence for autonomous vehicles. However, verification and validation of such intelligence on actual self-driving autonomous vehicles has been limited. Simulation-based verification and validation has the advantage of permitting diverse scenario-based testing and comprehensive “what-if” analyses - but is ultimately limited by the simulation fidelity and realism. In contrast, testing on full-scale real-world systems is constrained by the usual challenges of time, space, and cost engendered in reproducing diverse scenarios in practice. Further, motion-planning frameworks often engender a mixture of global-planning (typically performed offline) coupled with a
Joglekar, Ajinkya, Deshpande, Bhooshan, Basuthakur, Mugdha, Krovi, Venkat N
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Enabling the Journey to Mobile Electrification with ChargePoint1293502/26/2021
Bill Loewenthal, Senior Vice President, Product at ChargePoint, joins us to share his insights on the unstoppable migration to electric vehicles by the masses and how ChargePoint is enabling this adoption with the right hardware and technology. From the benefits of the fuel-while-parked model over the drive-to-fuel model, to the design and infrastructure behind the charging network, Loewenthal shares how ChargePoint has been on the bleeding edge of this technology. Discover how this electrifying network will soon integrate with your life - at home, work and through the apps on your phone - and the efficiency of future charging stations.
Hineman, Marcie
Intuitive Programming Language for Quantum ComputersTBMG-3848202/01/2021
Quantum computing has seen increased attention over the past decade since these computers, which function according to the principles of quantum physics, have enormous potential. These computers may one day be able to solve certain problems faster than classical computers, since they use entangled quantum states in which various bits of information overlap at a certain point in time. This means that in the future, quantum computers will be able to efficiently solve problems that classical computers cannot solve within a reasonable timeframe.
Locking Side Pull Hoist RingTBMG-3851802/01/2021
Researchers have developed a Locking Side Pull Hoist Ring that presents a significant improvement on commonly used lifting hardware by eliminating the need for an operator to manually hold a workpiece in position and for additional custom rotation-locking fixtures. This new hoist ring is easily integrated into existing rigging configurations and is specifically designed for applications where the lift point must be mounted to the side of a workpiece that needs to be re-oriented and then locked into position while suspended.
Tethered Drones Improve Cellular and Internet NetworksTBMG-3818812/01/2020
The use of tethered unmanned aerial vehicles (TUAVs) has been modeled as a powerful new tool for improving cellular phone and Internet networks. When employed as flying base stations with a cable connection, multirotor drones could quickly ramp up coverage, increase the efficiency of urban networks, and provide much needed access in remote rural areas.
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Building Next-Gen Electric Vehicles From the Ground Up with Lucid Motors1287611/25/2020
Small but mighty. That's the future of electric vehicles. As Lucid Motors prepares to launch its first vehicle, Lucid Air, next spring, the company will also be proving that passengers don't have to sacrifice luxury, power and space for efficiency and innovation. We spoke with Eric Bach, Vice President of Hardware Engineering at Lucid Motors, to get a look "under the hood" and understand the technology that's transforming how we think about electric vehicles. Discover how Lucid Motors' competitive nature launched the company into the racing scene, how miniaturization plays a key role in Lucid Air's innovation and how customers can harness the vehicle's electric technology to power life beyond the car itself.
Hineman, Marcie
CONNECTOR ACCESSORIES, ELECTRICAL, STRAIN RELIEF, NONENVIRONMENTAL, SELF-LOCKING AND NON-SELF-LOCKING, STRAIGHT, CATEGORY 4B (FOR AS50151 CRIMP, AS95234, MIL-DTL-26482) SERIES 2, AS81703 SERIES 3, AND MIL-DTL-83723 SERIES III CONNECTORAS85049/52F (Current)11/19/2020
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
Algorithm Defends Against Side-Channel Attacks on HardwareTBMG-3782010/01/2020
Electronic devices that used to rely on passwords now use Touch ID or face-recognition software. But protecting software is only one part of electronic security — hardware is also susceptible to attacks. Devices such as remote car keys, cable boxes, and even credit card chips are all vulnerable to hardware attacks, mostly because of their design. These devices are small and lightweight and typically operate on minimal power. Engineers optimize designs, so the devices can work within these low-power constraints.
Bolted Joints - Still a Key Part of Efficient Powertrains and a Challenge for Simulation2020-01-222109/15/2020
The bolt is one of the most standardized and most commonly used machine elements. On the other hand, since the mechanics of highly stressed bolted joints and the thread fatigue are complex issues, the design and evaluation of such joints is frequently carried out with major simplifications and assumptions, leading to either over-engineered solutions or to premature failures of the prototypes. The simulation techniques and the computing power that are now available theoretically allow a precise evaluation of the fatigue safety in the most heavily loaded areas through the application of very fine FE models of the thread regions. However, due to the modeling and calculation effort, this is still only acceptable in practice for structures with a limited number of bolts. Furthermore, uncertainties related to material specification including the behavior in the plastic range as well as difficulties in considering thread manufacturing tolerances or residual torsional stresses from the
Buczek, Konrad, Bartosik, Maciej, Sułkowski, Piotr
A System and Method to Determine Soak Time2020-01-201609/15/2020
In a competitive engineering business world, there is a constant demand to meet stringent emissions and on board diagnostic (OBD) regulations in a cost-effective manner. Engineers are tasked with the responsibility to innovate and design solutions around cost-cutting measures that involve reducing bill of material costs on the printed circuit board (PCB). Varied features in commercial application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) devices makes it more challenging to create consistent engineering design methods to provide critical inputs for controls and diagnostic strategies. In addition, continuous evolution of the emissions and OBD regulations in the different markets make it challenging for ASIC design manufacturers to evolve their hardware designs quickly. One such input is soak time. Soak time is typically defined as the amount of time the engine has been turned off. Emission controls and OBD algorithms use soak time to enable cold and hot start processing strategies. There are
Sundar, Bharath, Allen, William J.
New Approach to Fastener Design Prevents Loosening in Medical DevicesTBMG-3768109/01/2020
Engineers and managers who design and develop products for the medical marketplace or buy components and equipment understand that in any type of medical device — whether implant, ventilator, imaging equipment, or mobile tools pushed by cart — there can be severe consequences if critical fasteners loosen or fail during operation. If this occurs, such failure can be not only potentially life threatening but also costly in terms of liability risk, warranty claims, and reputation.
Electronic “Skin” Brings Sense of Touch and Pain to Prosthetic HandsTBMG-3762409/01/2020
Amputees often experience the sensation of a “phantom limb” — a feeling that a missing body part is still there. Pain, while unpleasant, is an essential, protective sense of touch that is lacking in the prostheses that are currently available to amputees. Advances in prosthesis designs and control mechanisms can aid an amputee’s ability to regain lost function, but they often lack meaningful, tactile feedback or perception.
Hardware Reduces Energy Draw of Artificial IntelligenceTBMG-3720307/01/2020
Artificial intelligence (AI) can require software running on thousands of computers - the energy that three nuclear power plants produce in one hour. A team of engineers has created hardware that can learn skills using a type of AI that currently runs on software platforms. Sharing intelligence features between hardware and software would offset the energy needed for using AI in more advanced applications such as self-driving cars or discovering drugs.
The Costs and Risks of Overlooking Flash Storage in Medical ApplicationsTBMG-3711906/01/2020
Medical OEMs see value in optimizing the right flash technology to ensure host architecture compatibility while meeting application workload requirements. During the design process, manufacturers of medical products undergo long engagement processes with multiple part suppliers. The purpose of these engagements is to ensure that each embedded part will not only work for the application, but also meet the workload and environmental requirements.
Experimental Investigation of Axial Cutting of AA6061 Extrusions under a Tension Deformation Mode2020-01-020604/14/2020
A plethora of applications in the transportation industry for both vehicular and roadside safety hardware, especially seatbelts, harnesses and restraints, rely on tensile loading to dissipate energy and minimize injury. There are disadvantages to the current state-of-the-art for these tensile energy absorbers, including erratic force-displacement responses and low tensile force efficiencies (TFE). Axial cutting was extensively demonstrated by researchers at the University of Windsor to maintain a stable reaction force, although exclusively under compressive loading. A novel apparatus was investigated in this study which utilized axial cutting under a tensile loading condition to absorb energy. A parametric scope was chosen to include circular AA6061 extrusions in both T4 and T6 temper conditions with an outer diameter of 63.5 mm and wall thickness of 3.18 mm. The experiments were performed quasi-statically utilizing a custom, hydraulically powered long stroke tension/compression
Gudisey, Anthony, Altenhof, William, Magliaro, John
Eddy Current Inspection of Circular Holes in Nonferrous Metallic Aircraft Engine HardwareAS4787A (Current)10/14/2019
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes minimum requirements for eddy current inspection of circular holes in nonferrous, metallic, low conductivity (less than 5% IACS) aircraft engine hardware with fasteners removed. The inspection is intended to be performed at maintenance and overhaul facilities on engine run hardware.
AMS K Non Destructive Methods and Processes Committee
Passenger Car Side Door Latch SystemsJ839_201910 (Current)10/09/2019
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes minimum performance requirements and test procedures for evaluating and testing passenger car side door latch systems. It is limited to tests that can be conducted on uniform test fixtures and equipment in commercially available laboratory test facilities. The test procedures and minimum performance requirements outlined in this document are based on currently available engineering data. It is intended that all portions of the document will be periodically reviewed and revised, as additional knowledge regarding vehicle latch performance under impact conditions is developed.
Motor Vehicle Council
Vehicle Passenger Door Hinge SystemsJ934_201910 (Current)10/09/2019
The scope of this SAE Recommended Practice is to establish recommended uniform test procedures and minimum static load requirements for vehicle passenger door hinge systems. Tests are described that can be conducted on test fixtures and equipment in laboratory test facilities. The test procedures and minimum performance requirements outlined in this document are based on currently available engineering data. It is intended that all portions of the document be periodically reviewed and revised as additional knowledge regarding vehicle hinge system performance under impact conditions is developed.
Motor Vehicle Council
Software Applications for the Control and Management of the Amine Swingbed ExperimentTBMG-3526510/01/2019
The Swingbed software applications provide for the control, command, fault detection, fault recovery, and telemetry monitoring aspects of the Amine Swingbed experiment. These software components are the Swingbed Loader Computer Software Configuration Item (CSCI), the Swingbed Control Module, and the Swingbed Ground Controller applications. As a whole, the Amine Swingbed experiment provides a means for investigating the removal of carbon dioxide from the International Space Station (ISS) crews’ breathing environment via a system of a vacuum-regenerated amine pressure swing absorption reaction beds. Its development and deployment aboard the ISS as an Express Rack pay-load serves to advance the use of the amine-based pressure swing absorption technology towards a level of technology readiness suitable for use in future space transportation systems, where the use of consumables for the removal of carbon dioxide from the breathable environment is not desirable.
Protecting Medical Consumable Revenue Streams with RFIDTBMG-3533210/01/2019
Hardware manufacturers, including medical device manufacturers, and their product line managers are constantly challenged to increase revenue and profit. For many, the strategy to increase revenue is simple; sell more of the product they produce. Yet, the dynamics and pace of business in this competitive world make that harder than it sounds. This article explores the use of wireless RFID to protect and secure valuable medical technology.
Automated Object Detection in an ImageTBMG-3490808/01/2019
Recent developments in machine vision have demonstrated remarkable improvements in the ability of computers to properly identify objects in a viewing field. Most of these advances rely on color-texture analyses that require target objects to possess one or more highly distinctive, local features that can be used as distinguishing characteristics for a classification algorithm. Many objects, however, consist of materials that are widely prevalent across a variety of object categories. For example, many trees have leaves, many manmade objects are made of painted metal, and so forth, such that color-texture detectors configured/trained to identify leaves or painted metal are good for some categorizations, but not for others. Much less effort has been made to characterize objects based on shape, or the particular way the component features are arranged relative to one another in two-dimensional (2D) image space.
Data-Compression Technique Speeds Computer ProgramsTBMG-3492408/01/2019
Data compression leverages redundant data to free up storage capacity, boost computing speeds, and provide other perks. In current computer systems, accessing main memory is very expensive compared to actual computation. Because of this, using data compression in the memory helps improve performance, as it reduces the frequency and amount of data programs need to fetch from main memory.
Fastener Hardware for Wheels for Demountable RimsJ1835_201906 (Current)06/17/2019
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes the mounting hardware to be used with demountable rims, wheels for demountable rims, rim spacers designed for 28 degrees bevel mounting systems, and intended for use on commercial vehicles. The dimensions given are those necessary to maintain serviceability and interchangeability of mounting hardware. This document is divided into two sections. Section 1 establishes the practice for new designs for mounting hardware. Section 2 records information on current mounting hardware. Special and less common applications are not covered in this document.
Truck and Bus Wheel Committee
Performance Testing and Analysis of Multi-Channel Active Control System for Vehicle Interior Noise Using Adaptive Notch Filter2019-01-156706/05/2019
It is considered that slow convergence speed and large calculation amount of commonly used adaptive algorithm in the active control system for vehicle interior noise yield noise reduction performance and hardware requirements problems. In this paper, a 4-channel active control of vehicle interior noise based on adaptive notch filter is established, and road test is carried out to test and analyze the performance of the control system. Firstly, the general mathematic model of the multi-channel active control system based on adaptive notch filter is established. The computational complexity of the algorithm is analyzed and compared with that of the FXLMS algorithm. Secondly, a hardware-in-the-loop test bench based on multi-channel adaptive notch filter is set up, to measure the noise reduction performance of ANC system under various working conditions. Finally, the typical test conditions are designed to test the system noise reduction performance, and the road test is carried out and
Zhang, Lijun, Zhang, Xiyu, Meng, Dejian
Manufacturing: Tooling Up for SuccessTBMG-3373602/01/2019
In the medical industry, metal parts play an integral role in a vast array of diagnostic, testing, medical instruments, and equipment. Although certain complex metal parts can only be machined, thinner gauge parts and enclosures are typically stamped using hard tooling or fabricated using lasers, turret presses, or press brakes. These parts include carts, cabinets, enclosures, and user workstations that safeguard sensitive controls, electronics, or hardware. While not as high tech as the diagnostic equipment itself, these structural components are still critical to the product's function and longevity.
Assessing the Impact of FAME and Diesel Fuel Composition on Stability and Vehicle Filter Blocking2019-01-004901/15/2019
In recent years, there has been an impetus in the automotive industry to develop newer diesel injection systems with a view to reducing fuel consumption and emissions. This development has led to hardware capable of higher pressures, typically up to 2500 bar. An increase in pressure will result in a corresponding increase in fuel temperature after compression with studies showing changes in fuel temperatures of up to 150 °C in 1000-2500 bar injection systems. Until recently, the addition of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters, FAME, to diesel had been blamed for a number of fuel system durability issues such as injector deposits and fuel filter blocking. Despite a growing acceptance within the automotive and petrochemical industries that FAME is not solely to blame for diesel instability, there is a lack of published literature in the area, with many studies still focusing on FAME oxidation to explain deposit formation and hardware durability. The majority of studies into diesel degradation are
Gopalan, Kesavan, Chuck, Christopher J., Roy-Smith, Christopher, Bannister, Christopher D.
Power Dissipation Optimization for Solid State Power Control Modules in the Aircraft Secondary Power Distribution System2018-01-193010/30/2018
In the last two decades, an aerospace industry trend in the secondary power distribution concept has been dominated by power electronics technology which includes power converters and Power Control Modules based on Solid State Power Control (SSPC) switching elements. These Power Control Modules, grouped around microprocessor based controllers and combined in a single electronic chassis, have become a backbone of electrical power distribution systems on all major commercial and military transport aircraft. Due to the resistive properties of the semiconductor-based SSPC devices, whose behaviors can be described as nonlinear functions of ambient operating temperature, power distribution system integration with SSPCs is challenged and heavily affected by operating temperatures and power dissipation limits. Although aircraft compartments where Power Control Modules are located are considered temperature and pressure controlled, high ambient operating temperatures are possible and expected
Novakovic, Neno, Manojlovic, Milorad
Generic Open Architecture (GOA) FrameworkAS4893A (Current)09/21/2018
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes a Generic Open Architecture (GOA) Framework for application independent hardware/software systems. This document defines the interface classes for the GOA Framework. Supplemental documents define the guidelines for applying the GOA Framework to specific applications.
AS-2 Embedded Computing Systems Committee
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