Browse Topic: Alloys

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Evaluating the Suitability of ADC12 for Sand Casting: Filling, Solidification, and Mechanical Properties2026-26-0296To be published on 01/16/2026
This research investigates the applicability of ADC12 aluminum alloy in sand casting processes and compares its casting behavior and performance with that of conventionally sand-cast alloys such as A356 and AlSi10Mg. ADC12 is primarily utilized in high-pressure die casting (HPDC) and low-pressure die casting (LPDC) due to its excellent castability, pressure tightness, and favorable mechanical properties in thin-walled components. However, its use in sand casting is minimal globally, primarily due to the alloy’s high silicon and iron content, which can lead to poor feeding characteristics, increased porosity, and structural non-uniformity in non-pressurized molds. In this study, 3 mm thick test castings were produced using conventional sand casting methods, with particular attention to mold and core design to simulate challenging flow and solidification conditions. Comparative castings of A356 and AlSi10Mg were also produced under identical conditions to establish performance baselines
Subramani, Rajesh, Jichkar, Pawan
A numerical approach to optimize the flow characteristics for the enhancement of casting soundness of Al 6061 alloy die-casting2026-26-0284To be published on 01/16/2026
The optimization of flow characteristics such as filling time, flow velocity, viscosity and temperature play a vital role in the die-casting to enhance the casting soundness. Experimental trial and error methods for optimizing the flow characteristics of mold filling are costlier and time-consuming methods. A digital approach could significantly minimize the cost and time for the prediction of the flow characteristics of the casting. Z-Cast Pro is the casting simulation software used for simulating the whole casting process such as filling, solidification etc. This software basically utilizes the finite difference and finite volume approximation techniques to numerically unravel the molten metal flow and solidification equations. In this study, A 3D model of the valve housing is used to analyze the mold-filling behavior through high and low-speed plunger movement of the molten Al 6061 alloy using Z-Cast Pro software version 24. Higher-speed plunger movement required a total mold
Choudhary, Chandan, Subramaniam, Anand, Karle, Manish, Karle, Ujjwala
Niobium Alloyed Brake Disc for reduced NVH and emission control2026-26-0285To be published on 01/16/2026
Recent regulations limiting brake dust emissions have presented many challenges to the brake engineering community. The objective of this paper is to provide a low cost, mass production solution utilizing well known existing technology to meet brake emissions requirements. The proposed process is to alloy the Gray Cast Iron with Niobium. The Niobium addition will reduce wear debris and improve NVH (Noise Vibration Harshness). The test methodology included: Manufacture of disc samples alloyed with Niobium, and Evaluation of airborne wear debris utilizing a pin-on-disc tribometer equipped with emission collection capability. The airborne emission and wear surfaces were further analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive techniques (SEM-EDS), X-Ray Diffraction and Optical Microscopy. The cast iron test matrix included four groups; Unalloyed eutectic 4.3% Carbon Equivalent (CE), Unalloyed hypereutectic >4.3% CE, Niobium alloyed Eutectic and Niobium alloyed hypereutectic
Barile, Bernardo, Holly, Mike
Non-metallic inclusions in carburizing steels as a contributory factor for the formation of carbide net2026-26-0290To be published on 01/16/2026
The article deals with the issue of identifying structural defects that contribute to the formation of a carbide net during thermochemical treatment of steel parts, which negatively affects the mechanical properties complex of finished products. Based on the available data, a theory has been put forward regarding the influence of the present non-metallic inclusions in the carburizing steels structure on carbide formation process in the hardened layer. As an experimentally the samples have been produced from the varying chemical composition alloy structure carburized steel (0.17-0.23 % C, 0.17-0.37 % Si, 0.80-1.10 % Mn, 1.00-1.30 % Cr, 0.03-0.09 % Ti). During microstructure analysis of the samples it has been establish that non-metallic inclusions, in particular sulfides, contribute to the formation of carbides and carbide net in steel due to their high chemical activity with carbon. Thus, contamination of the metal of carburizing steels with non-metallic inclusions is not only a defect
Runova, Iuliia, Chatkina, Mariia, Musienko, Aleksandr
Effect of the Flow Forming Process on the Mechanical properties and Microstructure of GDC & LPDC cast aluminum alloy wheels.2026-26-0298To be published on 01/16/2026
Aluminum alloy wheels have become the preferred choice over steel wheels due to their lightweight nature, enhanced aesthetics, and contribution to improved fuel efficiency. Traditionally, these wheels are manufactured using methods such as Gravity Die Casting (GDC) [1] or Low Pressure Die Casting (LPDC) [2]. As vehicle dynamics engineers continue to increase tire sizes to optimize handling performance, the corresponding increase in wheel rim size and weight poses a challenge for maintaining low unsprung mass, which is critical for ride quality. To address this, weight reduction has become a priority. Flow forming [3,4], an advanced wheel production technique, offers a solution for reducing rim weight. This process employs high-pressure rollers to shape a metal disc into a wheel, specifically deforming the rim section while leaving the spoke and hub regions unaffected. By decreasing rim thickness, flow forming not only reduces overall wheel weight but also enhances strength and
Singh, Ram Krishnan, Medaboyina, HarshaVardhan, G K, Balaji, Gopalan, Vijaysankar, SUNDARAM, RAGHUPATHI, Paua, Ketan
Tolerances Titanium and Titanium Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, and Shapes AMS2245D (Current)12/09/2025
This specification covers established manufacturing tolerances applicable to titanium and titanium alloy extruded bars, rods, and shapes. These tolerances apply to all conditions, unless otherwise noted. The term "excl" applies only to the higher figure of the specified range.
AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Trace Element Control, Nickel Alloy CastingsAMS2280E (Current)12/09/2025
<p>This specification establishes testing methods and maximum permissible limits for trace elements in nickel alloy castings.</p>
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy Castings, Permanent Mold, 5.0Si - 1.2Cu - 0.5Mg (355.0-T71), Solution Heat Treated and OveragedAMS4280K (Current)12/09/2025
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of permanent mold castings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Investment Castings, 7.0Si - 0.32Mg (356.0-T6), Solution and Precipitation Heat TreatedAMS4260H (Current)12/09/2025
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of castings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy Castings, 7.0Si - 0.55Mg - 0.12Ti (F357.0-T6), Solution and Precipitation Heat TreatedAMS4289A (Current)12/09/2025
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of castings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy Castings, Permanent Mold, 5.0Si - 1.2Cu - 0.50Mg (355.0-T6), Solution and Precipitation Heat TreatedAMS4281H (Current)12/09/2025
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of permanent mold castings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Castings 4.7Cu - 0.60Ag - 0.35Mn - 0.25Mg - 0.25Ti (B201.0-T7) Solution Heat Treated and Overaged AMS4242D (Current)12/09/2025
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of castings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Castings 4.5Cu - 0.70Ag - 0.30Mn - 0.25Mg - 0.25Ti (A201.0-T4) Solution Heat Treated and Naturally Aged AMS4223F (Current)12/09/2025
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of castings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy Castings, High Strength 4.5Cu - 0.70Ag - 0.30Mn - 0.25Mg - 0.25Ti (A201.0-T7) Solution Heat Treated and Overaged AMS4229H (Current)12/09/2025
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sand, permanent mold, and composite mold castings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Foil, 19Cr - 9.5Ni (304), Cold Rolled, 125 ksi (862 MPa) Tensile StrengthAMS5501G (Current)12/08/2025
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of sheet, strip, and foil 0.005 inch (0.13 mm) and over in nominal thickness (see 8.4).
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Hard Anodic Coating on Aluminum and Aluminum AlloysAMS2469J (Current)12/08/2025
This specification establishes the requirements for a hard anodic coating on aluminum and aluminum alloys.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
AIR120425-1AIR120425-1 (Current)12/04/2025
AIR120425-1
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
Arc Damage Assessment of Arc Plume and Physical DamageAIR6982 (Current)11/26/2025
Describes the relative measurement of assessing the damage zone of arc plasma to determine appropriate separation/segregation requirements between a wire harness and nearby components
AE-8A Elec Wiring and Fiber Optic Interconnect Sys Install
Standardized composite training programAIR6671 (Current)11/26/2025
SAE CACRC has produced several standards, each representing the best-practice, recommended minimum training syllabus for the aforementioned target groups. The purpose of this document is to promote the use of these SAE standards, particularly for developing training programs for employee training, qualification in airlines and maintenance organizations, and as reference in regulatory guidance material. It summarizes, as a quick reference, the content of each training document and its relation to and interaction with other training documents. Thereby it allows users to select the appropriate training documents and syllabi to establish a comprehensive, sequential training program build-up customized to the specific needs of the aforementioned functions (see figure). This document does not intend to introduce new training content/syllabus.
AMS CACRC Commercial Aircraft Composite Repair Committee
Guidelines for Specifying LVDTs and RVDTsARP5554 (Current)11/26/2025
As per Committee/Henry E. Harschburger recommendations
A-6B1 Hydraulic Servo Actuation Committee
Steel Tubing, Seam-Free, Round, 0.95Cr - 0.20Mo (0.28 - 0.33C) (SAE 4130), 95.0 ksi (655 MPa) Tensile StrengthAMS6374F (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of round, non-welded tubing free from OD surface seams.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Steel, Welded Tubing, 0.95Cr - 0.20Mo (0.28 - 0.33C) (SAE 4130)AMS6373K (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of welded tubing.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Sheet and Strip 52.5Ni - 19Cr - 3.0Mo - 5.0Cb - 0.90Ti - 0.50Al - 18Fe Vacuum Induction and Consumable Electrode Melted Solution Heat Treated, Precipitation HardenableAMS5950E (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of sheet and strip 0.080 inch (2.03 mm) and under in nominal thickness (see 8.8).
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Sheet and Strip, 19Cr - 9.2Ni (304), Cold Rolled, Full Hard, 185 ksi (1276 MPa) Tensile StrengthAMS5913D (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of sheet and strip over 0.005 inch (0.13 mm) in nominal thickness (see 8.6).
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Sheet and Strip, 19Cr - 9.2Ni (304), Cold Rolled, 3/4 Hard, 175 ksi (1207 MPa) Tensile StrengthAMS5912D (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of sheet and strip over 0.005 inch (0.13 mm) in nominal thickness (see 8.6).
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Sheet and Strip, 19Cr - 9.2Ni (304), Cold Rolled, 1/2 Hard, 150 ksi (1034 MPa) Tensile StrengthAMS5911D (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of sheet and strip over 0.005 inch (0.13 mm) in nominal thickness (see 8.6).
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Sheet and Strip, 18Cr - 8Ni (301), Cold Rolled, 3/4 Hard, 175 ksi (1207 MPa) Tensile StrengthAMS5902E (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of sheet and strip over 0.005-inch (0.13-mm) in nominal thickness (see 8.6).
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Bars, Forgings, and Rings, 60Ni - 22Cr - 2.0Mo - 14W - 0.35Al - 0.03La, Solution Heat TreatedAMS5891D (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of bars, forgings, flash welded rings, and stock for forging, flash welded rings, or heading.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 62Ni - 21.5Cr - 9.0Mo - 3.7Cb Solution Heat TreatedAMS5869E (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate up to 1.000 inch (25.40 mm) in nominal thickness (see 8.7).
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion Resistant, Bars and Wire, 19Cr - 10Ni (304), High Yield Strength, Solution Heat Treated and Cold WorkedAMS5857E (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of cold-worked bars and wire up to 1.750 inch (44.45 mm) inclusive, in nominal diameter or least distance between parallel sides (see 8.4).
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings, and Rings 61Ni - 20.5Cr - 8.5Mo - 3.4Cb(Nb) - 1.3Ti - 5.0Fe Consumable Electrode or Vacuum Induction Melted Solution Heat Treated AMS5854D (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of bars, wire, forgings, flash welded rings, and extrusions 4 inches (102 mm) and under in nominal diameter or least distance between parallel sides, and stock for forging or flash welded rings.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Alloy, Corrosion-Resistant, Round Bars, 20Cr - 35Ni - 35Co - 10Mo, Vacuum Induction Plus Consumable Electrode Vacuum Remelted, Solution Heat Treated, Work Strengthened, and AgedAMS5845L (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a high-strength, corrosion-resistant alloy in the form of bar up to 1.75 inches (44.4 mm) in diameter (see 8.2 and 8.7).
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Alloy, Corrosion-Resistant, Round Bars, 20Cr - 35Ni - 35Co - 10Mo, Vacuum Induction Plus Consumable Electrode Vacuum Remelted, Solution Heat Treated and Work StrengthenedAMS5844K (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a high-strength, corrosion-resistant alloy in the form of bars up to 1.75 inches (44.4 mm) in diameter (see 8.2 and 8.7).
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Cobalt Alloy, Corrosion and Heat Resistant, Hardfacing Rod and Wire, 62Co - 27 Cr - 2.9Ni - 5.5MoAMS5819B (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant cobalt alloy in the form of welding rods or wrought wire.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion and Heat Resistant, Flat Wire 15Cr - 25.5Ni - 1.2Mo - 2.1Ti - 0.006B - 0.30V 1800 °F (982 °C) Solution Treated, Cold Drawn or Cold Rolled and Aged, Consumable Electrode Remelted AMS5810C (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion and heat resistant steel in the form of flat wire.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Iron Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Welding Wire, 31Fe - 21Cr - 20Ni - 20Co - 3.0Mo - 2.5W - 1.0Cb - 0.15N, AnnealedAMS5794G (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant iron alloy in the form of welding wire.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Welding Wire, 20Cr - 10Ni - 0.75Cb, High Ferrite GradeAMS5790F (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant steel in the form of welding wire.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Bars, Forgings, and Rings, 74Ni - 7.0Cr - 16.5Mo, Solution Heat TreatedAMS5771H (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of bars, forgings, flash welded rings, and stock for forging or flash welded rings.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion Resistant, Bars, Wire, and Forgings 5.8Mn - 17Cr - 5.8Ni - 2.0Cu - 0.26S Free Machining, Solution Heat Treated AMS5762H (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a free-machining, corrosion-resistant steel in the form of bars, wire, forgings, and forging stock.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion Resistant, Bars and Wire, 18Cr - 9Ni (303F), Free Machining, High Yield Strength, Solution Heat Treated and Cold WorkedAMS5738F (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a free-machining, corrosion-resistant steel in the form of cold-worked bars and wire up to 1.750 inches (44.45 mm) inclusive, in nominal diameter or least distance between parallel sides (see 8.5).
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Bars and Forgings, 58Ni - 19.5Cr - 13.5Co - 4.3Mo - 3.0Ti - 1.4Al - 0.05Zr - 0.006B, Consumable Electrode or Vacuum Induction Melted, 1975 °F (1079 °C) Solution, Stabilization, and Precipitation Heat TreatedAMS5709K (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of bars, forgings, and forging stock.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Welding Wire 19Cr - 12.5Ni - 2.5Mo AMS5696F (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant steel in the form of welding wire.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars and Forgings 0.14S - 18Cr - 9.5Ni - 0.50Mo - 0.80Al (303MA) Free-Machining; Swaging or Upsetting Solution Heat TreatedAMS5638H (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a free-machining, corrosion-resistant steel in the form of bars, forgings, and forging stock.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings, Mechanical Tubing, and Rings 16Cr - 4.0Ni - 0.30Cb - 4.0Cu Solution Heat Treated, Precipitation Hardenable Consumable Electrode Remelted AMS5622H (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a premium aircraft-quality corrosion-resistant steel in the form of bars, wire, forgings, mechanical tubing, flash welded rings up to 8.0 inches (203 mm) in diameter or least distance between parallel sides in the solution heat treated condition (see 8.4), and stock of any size for forging, flash welded rings, or heading (see 8.8).
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip and Plate, 18Cr - 13Ni - 2.5Mo (SAE 30316), Solution Heat TreatedAMS5524N (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate over 0.005 inch (0.13 mm) in nominal thickness (see 8.7).
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion and Heat Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 13Cr - 2.0Ni - 3.0W, AnnealedAMS5508H (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion and heat resistant steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Laminated, Sheet, Surface BondedAMS5500H (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of laminated sheet.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat Resistant, Investment Castings, 65Ni - 28Mo - 5.5Fe - 0.4V (N-12MV), As-CastAMS5396G (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of investment castings.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat Resistant, Investment Castings 53.3Ni - 16.5Cr - 17Mo - 4.5W - 5.8Fe - 0.40V (CW-12MW), As-CastAMS5388L (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of investment castings.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Cobalt Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Investment Castings, 54Co - 25.5Cr - 10.5Ni - 7.5W, As-CastAMS5382L (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant cobalt alloy in the form of investment castings.
AMS F Corrosion Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
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