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Dependency of Gear Honing Machine Processing Accuracy on Machine Vibration and the Vibration Reduction Considering Contribution2024-32-002004/18/2025
In recent years, accurate gear processing is required for various products to improve efficient power transmission and small noise and vibration. On the other hand, the accuracy tends to be worse by high speed processing for increasing production efficiency. Therefore, we investigated relationship between gear honing machine vibration and the accuracy. The vibration acceleration of the honing machine was measured at various conditions, and the gear accuracy was measured after processing. As results, the accuracy was observed to be affected by both the original gear accuracy before honing processing and the gear secondary rotational vibration of the machine in operation. Subsequently, we applied transfer path analysis (TPA) to investigate which directional force in operation increased the vibration. As the results, the contribution from the input force at gear processing point along normal direction was the main contributor. Then, vibration transmission characteristics of the machine
Hanioka, Hiroaki, Ogawa, Yunosuke, Yoshida, Junji, Onishi, Yoichi, Kurokawa, Yasuhiro
A Concept for Functional Modelling of an E-Bike Powertrain2024-32-001704/18/2025
The increasing popularity of e-bikes, especially pedelecs, has led to a growing interest in consideration of e-bike cycling. To achieve a deeper understanding on the process of e-bike cycling and in particular the effects on the rider it can be instrumental to use simulation methods. In this context, the e-bike drive system and its function are of central importance for e-bikes. Therefore, this work proposes a functional modeling of the powertrain of an e-bike with a mid-drive motor, considering legal constraints and support functionalities. The model incorporates the mechanical transmission between pedals, motor, and crank shaft, allowing for a detailed analysis of the e-bike’s performance. Additionally, the support mechanism is depicted, where an electric motor amplifies the rider’s pedaling torque. The electrical behavior of the motor, energy consumption, and battery state of charge are also integrated into the model. This comprehensive approach aims to provide a generic
Rauch, Yannick, Kettner, Maurice, Kriesten, Reiner
A Power Split eCVT Hybrid for Sustainable Urban Mobility2024-32-002904/18/2025
The main drivers for powertrain electrification of two-wheelers, motorcycles and ATVs are increasingly stringent emission and noise limitations as well as the upcoming demand for carbon neutrality. Two-wheeler applications face significantly different constraints, such as packaging and mass targets, limited charging infrastructure in urban areas and demanding cost targets. Battery electric two wheelers are the optimal choice for transient city driving with limited range requirements. Hybridization provides considerable advantages and extended operation limits. Beside efficiency improvement, silent and zero emission modes with solutions allowing fully electric driving, combined boosting enhances performance and transient response. In general, there are two different two-wheeler base categories for hybrid powertrains: motorcycles featuring frame-integrated internal combustion engine (ICE) and transmission units, coupled with secondary drives via chain or belt; and scooters equipped with
Schoeffmann, W., Fuckar, G., Hubmann, C., Gruber, M.
Regression Test 08/22/24 - Tatsiana twrtwtwSAE-PP-0944808/22/2024
QA Test
Mutagaana, Festo
PrePrint Testing - Tatsiana 0153PMSAE-PP-0944707/12/2024
QA Test
Mutagaana, Festo
QA TestingSAE-PP-0920103/13/2024
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Mutagaana, Festo
Regression 03_05SAE-PP-0919103/05/2024
QA Test
Mutagaana, Festo
Regression 1/18/24SAE-PP-0913801/18/2024
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Mutagaana, Festo
Thermal Analysis of Components and Traces on Printed Circuit Boards2024-26-027901/16/2024
High currents flowing through various traces of a printed circuit boards (PCB) causes thermal run away and PCB warpage due to the occurrence of high heat density. The present study discusses on a steady state thermal analysis performed on PCB. Thermal analysis allows PCB designer to quickly move and confirm the component’s placement by understanding the temperature plots of the PCB surface. A PCB particularly designed for automated manual transmission (AMT) application employed in Ashok Leyland trucks is used for this study. The board level simulations are performed with commercially available software Altair PollEx 2022.2. PollEx is a PCB level EDA (Electronic Design Automation) software suite used for design, analysis and manufacturing and thus helps in minimizing the development cycles. The simulations are performed for the worst case scenario and also for various application functions needs to be performed by the board. These simulations are time efficient as these are performed at
Rajasekharan, Jayakrishnan, Prasad, A. N. Suryanarayana, ML, Sankar. T
Reduction of Gearbox noise by optimizing Gear micro geometry2024-26-023401/16/2024
Vehicle noise level has to be maintained within the limit specified by Pass By Noise (PBN) standards to meet the regulatory requirements. Gearboxes and engines are the main sources of noise in a vehicle, owing to the mechanical and physical processes involved. The noise problem in transmission system is characterized by high amplitude acoustic signals, and the gear mesh noise can be indirectly estimated using the Transmission error parameter. Transmission error is defined as the difference between the actual position of the output gear and the position it would occupy if the gear drive were perfect, which can be attributed to various factors such as tooth profile errors, misalignment, and tooth deflections. A six-speed manual transmission commercial vehicle is observed to exhibit higher noise levels during the vehicle PBN test. The gearbox is modelled in Romax gearbox simulation software and the transmission error value is identified to be high. The micro geometry parameters lead
G R, Santosh Kumar, Ks, Dhianeshwar, Basim, K Mohammed
Lubrication Evaluation of EV transmission2024-26-032801/16/2024
The advent of EV powertrain has considerable effect on transmission development activities as competed to regular ICE transmission. Conventional ICE transmission and the transmission for an e-powertrain differ on fundamental level. The conventional transmission has number of gear ratios, shift mechanism which enables the transmission to deliver a smooth power output as per demand from the driver. Whereas the e-powertrain transmission is mostly a single gear ratio transmission (reducer) which primarily depends on speed and torque variation from the motor to cater the driver requirement. Hence, the operating speeds of the such e-transmissions can vary from 0 to 20000 in both forward and reverse directions. Such a large speed variation as compared with conventional transmission calls for special attention towards the lubrication of internal components. High speeds and lower oil viscosities tend to disrupt the oil films in between contact surfaces causing metal to metal contact. This
Kushwaha, Rakesh, Bhosale, Vikas, Navale, Pradeep, Patel, Hiral
Lubrication Effectiveness Determination for Wet-Sump Transmissions using Multiphase Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling2024-26-029801/16/2024
Wet-sump transmissions are widely used in heavy duty and medium duty vehicles. As these transmissions do not have a dedicated forced lubrication system, it is important that the gear train, shafts, and enclosure are designed appropriately so that enough oil splashes to critical locations to ensure sufficient lubrication. The lubrication effectiveness of such transmissions can be studied through detailed tests or numerical simulations. Often, the vehicle, and therefore the transmission, encounters some severe operating conditions, such as climbing on an incline, driving downhill, etc. Studying these conditions through tests is an expensive process and this imposes the need for an analysis first approach. In this paper, 3D multiphase Volume of Fluid (VOF) method is used to examine two such extreme cases: an 8-degree tilted installation of transmission in a vehicle, and an inclined condition of transmission during 10-degree uphill climb. By studying the oil volume fraction on gears and
r, Shamini, Sachdeva, Aniket, Handa, Joji, Sena, Carlos, Marson, Luigi
OPTIMIZATION OF OIL QUANTITY IN MANUAL TRANSMISSION AND REDUCING CHURNING LOSS2024-26-034601/16/2024
Gearbox efficiency losses are contributed by Oil seal rubbing, Synchro friction rubbing, Gear losses, bearing preload friction, windage losses, churning losses etc. Here in this experiment we have focused on quantifying and reducing the churning losses as well as verifying the lubrication requirements satisfactorily in all terrains and conditions. The paper establishes the effective way for evaluating same with over 80 trials conducted for conclusive proof. Gearboxes must work efficiently to get the job done properly and lubrication is vital to this efficiency. Lubricating oil is like the circulation system of a gearbox. If the oil levels fall too low, the gearbox will likely fail. Gearbox failure can lead to expensive repairs that could be prevented. Besides added costs due to replacement or repair, costs associated with a loss of production could be significant. These issues are why it is important to understand the consequences of having low lubricant levels. Similarly, higher oil
Lakshamanan, sundar
Dynamic Automatic Transmission Oil Life Prediction Using Machine Learning2024-26-003601/16/2024
Conventional resource conservation for automotive traction and its utilization to maximize efficiency is not only important but also essential for climate change. Automatic transmission fluid (ATF) is one such component, which has enough potential considering the current methods of servicing. It also plays a crucial role in the performance and longevity of the transmission system. Predicting the actual life of the ATF can be challenging due to various factors such as its application, driving conditions, driving behavior, oil grade and maintenance schedules, which can help prevent costly repairs and improve the overall performance of the vehicle. Present work is focused on developing/validating a process, which can predict critical properties of oil at any given instance and give indication to the driver/fleet owner. Data is collected for various oil properties and vehicle parameters as vehicle's usage patterns such as shift density, vehicle load, torque, current gear, lock up state
Badiger, Aishwaryalaxmi, Priyadarshi, Priyamvad, Bhat, Goutam
An optimum solution to meet the Thermal load challenge in a high mobility military vehicle2024-26-024601/16/2024
Military vehicles are intended to operate at rugged terrains in adverse environmental conditions. Unlike a regular truck, these vehicles are powered by a much bigger engine and transmission to meet the vehicle performance parameters. Thermal systems in these vehicles are challenging. With the adverse climatic condition and driving terrains, the criticality of Engine cooling system are intensified. In this paper, a Cooling system is finalised for a high mobility military vehicle with high power engine, Automatic transmission and a hydraulic retarder. Thermal load cases are different for each. Modelling is done in thermal simulation software KULI. A steady state simulation is done for engine and automatic transmission. Transient simulation is performed for retarder. The aim is to finalise a cooling system circuit consisting of radiator, oil to air cooler and oil to water cooler which are interconnected to meet the heat load demand of engine, transmission and retarder together.
AT, SHAJAHAN, KIRAN, NALAVADATH, RAO, BONTHALA
CAE Based Benchmarking of Shaft Deflection for Transmission Gear Rattle Noise2024-26-024501/16/2024
Vehicle transmission gear rattle is one of the most critical NVH irritants for refined vehicles. It is perceived more dominantly in lower gears of vehicle running. It depends on various design parameters like Input torque amplitude & fluctuations, driveline torsional vibrations, gear micro & macro geometry, shaft flexibility, etc. Establishing exact contribution of each of these parameters to transmission rattle, thru experimental or simulation technique, is very challenging. Current paper explains the NVH CAE benchmark approach deployed to understand difference in rattle behavior of two transmission designs. Subjective and objective evaluation shows that one is better than the other for rattle noise. Paper focuses on simulation and comparison transmission shaft deflection as a measure of transmission rattle. FEA based nonlinear static simulations are carried out by applying torque induced forces at each of the gear contacts for all the gear engaged conditions. Simulated shaft
Bijwe, Vilas B., Kulkarni, Shriram, Vaidya, Rohit, Shah, Bhartendra
Integrated testing at lab from road by doing conversion and correlation between Subjective to objective assessment on ride comfort parameter of gear shifting quality in Two- wheeler.2024-26-032701/16/2024
The evaluations of ride comfort in gear shifting have been known as one of the dominant factors for vehicle quality assessment. However, those factors have not been assessed and analyzed objectively in-depth in conjunction and integration with general ride and handling parameters. In recent, the criteria set by customer have changed on account of heightened expectations, resulting in a growing demand for enhanced ride comfort. the quality of gear shifting experienced by a customer is evaluated subjectively on road leads to difficulty in arriving inferences and taking decisions due to variation in responses of people on the same situation. This study is involved the process of conversion from subjective to objective assessment on gear shifting quality by identifying the objective parameters for contributing the quality of gear shifting feel. Measuring and analyzing those parameters like lever travel, lever effort, and noise while shifting during dynamic condition at vehicle level on
Manoranjan, R., K S, Sreekanth
Experimental Evaluation of Metro Rail Bogie Frame through Bench Testing2024-26-032501/16/2024
Bogie frame is a main skeleton and structural member in railway system which is carrying all the loads such as Suspensions, Axles, wheels, car body, Motor, Gear box etc. The frame is subjected the exceptional and service stresses in Vertical, Longitudinal, Lateral and twist directions throughout the service life which should be withstand for a life span of 30 years without failure. The objective of this work is to estimate the structural integrity of the Metro rail bogie frame .This paper is the outcome of bench testing of metro rail bogie frame with the application of multiaxial loading in static and dynamic campaign through which stress data is collected with strain gauge sensors and correlated with the FEA results at design stage. This helps to verify and evaluate the design and validate the quality of metro rail frame as per the requirement specified in EN13749 European standard in early design stages.
Tormal, Uday Bapurao
Gearshift Simulator – Perceive Gearshift Feel at Early Development Stage2024-26-029201/16/2024
One of the very first customer touchpoint in a vehicle is quality of gear shifting. Gearshift quality is perceived as a symbol of refinement, robustness of a vehicle. Globally, lot of efforts are taken to refine the gearshift quality. Design improvements in internal components of transmission, cable and shifter assembly, knob design iterations are carried out to arrive at optimum gearshift quality at the vehicle level. Current practice for this activity includes processes such as design modification, manufacturing of proto components, assembly of components and fitment in the vehicle. This vehicle is then instrumented with sensors and data acquisition units to capture the parameters which determine the gearshift quality. This is an iterative process which goes on until necessary refinement/improvement is achieved. This process requires investment of lot of time, efforts and the budget. This paper describes a virtual approach to arrive at optimum design of components. This paper gives
Tongaonkar, Yogesh Manohar, Patel, Hiral, Thambala, Prashanth, halingale, Amol
Development of Transmission adaptor for diesel engine application2024-26-033601/16/2024
Transmission adapter is solid, located on cylinder block , on which sits the transmission housing. The function of a flexplate is to provide a mounting point for a torque converter which is used to couple the engine and transmission together when an automatic transmission is used. Transmission adapter provide access for torque convertor and flexplate assembly and protect the flexplate from external environment. Transmission adapter is also support and locate the starter. This study deals with different alloy grade material use, improvement in process to reduce porosity. Porosity observed in first samples of the proposed grade material. The study represents investigation of Transmission adaptor porosity root cause. This also included visual observation, radiography -X ray testing , analysis,3D scan, dimensional inspection, chemical analysis and comparison, tensile testing, truck testing validation tasks. Make sure critical parameter of the clearance meet between flexplate and
Karale, Pranjali
Investigation of Synchronizer Ring Failure in a Commercial Vehicle Transmission2024-26-038301/16/2024
The commercial vehicles market is dominated with manual transmission, due to less ownership cost. Generally, the commercial vehicles are used in large numbers by the fleet owners. The transmission endurance life is very important to a vehicle owner. On the other hand, the driver fatigue can be reduced with smooth change process. The gear change process in a manual transmission is carried out with the help of the synchronizer pack. The crucial function of synchronizer pack in an automotive transmission is to match the speed of the target gear for smooth gear shifting. In a transmission the loose and the weakest part is the synchronizer ring. The failure of synchronizer affects smooth gear shifting and it also affects the endurance life of the transmission. The synchronizer ring can fail due to poor structural strength, synchronizer liner wear, synchronizer liner burning etc. The synchronizer liner burning is very difficult to analyze since the liner wear pattern are very uneven and the
Jamadade, Gajanan, K, Barathi Raja, Chatterjee, Soumik
Regression IISAE-PP-0909801/03/2024
QA Test
Mutagaana, Festo
Regression II 11/21 4:40PMSAE-PP-0899911/21/2023
QA Testing
Mutagaana, Festo
preprint submission testingSAE-PP-0896111/08/2023
regression preprint submission
Atash, Ganira
Regression 11/1/23 4:59PMSAE-PP-0892311/01/2023
Lorem Ipsum
Mutagaana, Festo
Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics and Load Sharing Performance of Electric Driven Planetary Gear System Based on Electromechanical Coupling Model2023-01-701110/30/2023
Due to the multi-gear configuration and high integration of electric drive systems in electric vehicles, it is necessary to investigate the influence of drive motor torque fluctuation on the dynamic characteristics and load sharing performance of planetary gear transmission systems. Considering both motor torque fluctuation and internal excitations of the transmission system, a dynamic model of the electromechanical coupled system is established by combining the Maxwell motor electromagnetic model with the planetary gear dynamics model. Based on the proposed model, the dynamic characteristics, dynamic load performance and load sharing performance of the system considering motor torque fluctuation are analyzed, and the improvement of system load sharing performance due to sun gear floating is discussed. The results show that motor torque fluctuation leads to more complex dynamic response and causes the vibration displacement amplitude to more than doubled. Furthermore, the system
Guo, Fang, Li, Chen, Su, Jinzhan, Liu, Chao
Optimization of Energy Management Strategy for Multi-Mode Hybrid Transmission Based on Condition Prediction2023-01-703210/30/2023
Since there are no typical working conditions in the field of engineering vehicles, this paper implements the construction of driving conditions based on Markov stochastic model and energy management strategy of a multi-mode hybrid mine dump truck based on dynamic programming algorithm under this background. Firstly, on the basis of existing vehicle driving data, we calculate the velocity transfer probability matrix with the Markov stochastic model, and then construct the vehicle driving condition after predicting the velocity. The constructed working conditions are applied to the energy management strategy of dynamic programming algorithm to calculate the energy consumption of the hybrid mining truck. It is proved that this construction method can be applied to the hybrid electric mine dump truck, and the DP based energy management strategy has lower energy consumption.
Jiang, Y.T., Zhao, Xinxin, Zhang, J.G.
Regression 9/22 10:14 AMSAE-PP-0872709/22/2023
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Mutagaana, Festo
Regression 9/21/23 4:23PMSAE-PP-0872209/21/2023
Lorem Ipsum
Mutagaana, Festo
Regression 8/22 809amauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testSAE-PP-0856908/22/2023
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Abramova, Tatsiana
Regression testing - 8/4/23auto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testSAE-PP-0846208/04/2023
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Mutagaana, Festo
QA Testingauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testSAE-PP-0844507/31/2023
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Mutagaana, Festo
Regression Test 7/27auto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testSAE-PP-0842607/27/2023
Lorem Ipsum
Mutagaana, Festo
Upgrade users-groups version from v1 to v2 in ingestion-control-service QA TestSAE-PP-0792105/10/2023
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Abramova, Tatsiana
CSP-5730 QA TestSAE-PP-0791505/10/2023
Lorem Ipsum
Abramova, Tatsiana
Prediction and Optimization of Noise radiation from a Heavy-Duty Commercial Vehicle Transmission using Statistical Energy Analysis2025-01-005105/05/2023
Heavy Duty (HD) linehaul vehicles are majorly used in transportation of goods and heavy loads between different cities or long distances. Considering the current trend, payload capacity of these heavy-duty trucks are increasing due to constant increase in the load demand. Due to which engine torques of these HD vehicles are increasing which in turn increases the transmission input torque. At higher torque levels, gear excitation also increases and transmission becomes more susceptible towards higher noise radiation. Global vehicle pass-by noise regulations for HD commercial vehicles are becoming more stringent. Historically transmissions have been considered a secondary noise source but with overall HD vehicle noise becoming quieter, the transmission can be more of a significant noise contributor. Hence, noise radiation from the transmission is also an important factor to be considered in the design phase. Gear whine is the major concern for sound radiation from the transmission. The
Rastogi, Sarthak, Milind, T. R.
Metamaterial application to automotive glass for vibration reduction and reduced noise transmission2025-01-011905/05/2023
A metamaterial which, attached to the edge of a panel, reduces vibration results in reduced noise transmission into a vehicle. In this particular case, the metamaterial is designed to be attached to the edge of a glass panel and can reduce panel vibration and noise transmission due to wind or other sources into the vehicle interior. Acoustic transmission loss and panel vibration assessments show the benefit of this approach.
Sorenson, Steve, Moore, Jaime, Robison, Scott, Li, Xiaopeng
Feasibility of In situ vehicle level transmission loss measurement to guide dash pass through grommet selections2025-01-012205/05/2023
Noise transmission through the vehicle dash panel plays a critical role in isolating passengers from noise sources within the motor bay of the vehicle. Grommets containing electrical harness routing as well as HVAC lines are examples of dash panel pass throughs that should be selected with care. Acoustic performance of these components is generally characterized in terms of measured quantities such as noise reduction (NR), sound transmission loss (STL), and Insertion Loss (IL). These measurements need to be carried out as per SAE or ASTM standards in appropriate anechoic or reverberant chambers as this is important for consistency. This work explores an in-situ vehicle measurement setup utilizing a repurposed vehicle cabin designed to serve as an anechoic chamber with its frunk acting as a reverberant chamber. This in-situ setup method is then compared to results following standards to discuss the differences in results. The data is studied to understand if there are any advantages to
Joodi, Benjamin, Jayakumar, Vignesh, Chang, Michael, Geissler, Christian, Pilz, Fernando, Conklin, Chris
Evaluation of Automotive Closure Design for High Frequency Acoustics Performance2025-01-004905/05/2023
A good NVH environment in a vehicle plays an important role in attracting a large customer base in the automotive market. Hence, NVH has been given significant priority while considering automotive design. NVH performance is monitored using simulations early during the design phase and testing in later prototype stages in the automotive industry. Meeting NVH performance targets possesses a greater risk related to design modifications in addition to the cost and time associated with the development process. Hence, a more enhanced and matured design process involves Design Point Analysis (DPA), which is essentially a decision-making process in which analytical tools derived from basic sciences, mathematics, statistics, and engineering fundamentals are used to develop a product model that better fulfills the predefined requirement. This paper shows the systematic approach of conducting a Design Point Analysis-level NVH study to evaluate the acoustic performance of vehicle door systems in
Ranade, Amod A., Shirode, Satish, Miskin, Atul, Mahamuni, Ketan, Shinde, Rahul, GHAN, PRAVIN, Choudhury, Ashok
Multi-Method Approach for car tailgate electric telescopic rod Noise: Detection, Characterization, and Prediction2025-01-003805/05/2023
As the automotive industry moves towards greater intelligence, electric tailgate systems have seen widespread adoption, featuring remote control, obstacle detection, and intelligent opening functions that significantly enhance the user experience. The electric telescopic rod, as a key actuator, has drawn attention for its structural and transmission design. However, studies have shown that during actual operation, various noise issues arise with electric telescopic rods, affecting the sound quality and smoothness of the tailgate's opening and closing. This paper presents a noise detection and analysis study based on a bench test platform for a specific model of electric telescopic rod. Using a microphone to capture noise signals, three main types of noise were identified: high-frequency electromagnetic noise, low-frequency impact noise, and periodic structural noise. The study accurately detects high-frequency electromagnetic noise using wavelet packet energy feature extraction
fan, Sibei, wang, Siling, zhu, Zhehui, li, Lei, qin, Jiade, Meng, Dejian, pei, Kaikun
A novel framework for accelerating EDU NVH simulation using scalable transfer functions and evaluating manufacturing defects through space order excitation2025-01-004405/05/2023
In the ultra-luxury vehicle segment, achieving optimal NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) performance across a growing range of load cases in drive and regeneration conditions presents significant engineering challenges. As the complexity of load cases escalates with varying torque ripple and transmission errors, traditional time and frequency-domain simulations become computationally inefficient. To address these challenges, an in-house software framework that employs Noise Transfer Functions (NTFs) and Vibration Transfer Functions (VTFs) is developed. The system’s dynamic response is computed once and scaled to various excitation sources, which includes radial and tangential forces derived from EMAG simulations, and gear forces derived from MBS simulation. Speed sweep simulation is performed to systematically characterize the RPM range, allowing for precise scaling of the transfer function against the original forces to obtain the responses in mounts or microphones. The resulting
Sureshkumar, Sanjai, Shaw, Stephen, Qureshi, Manucher, Duclaux de L'Estoille, Nicolas
Research on the control strategy of active gear shifting sound quality in the vehicle2025-01-001905/05/2023
The active sound synthesis system of electric vehicles plays an important role in improving the sound perception and transmission of working condition information inside the vehicle. Nowadays, the active sound synthesis system inside the vehicle has become standard in electric vehicles of major Major automobile manufacturing plants to meet the user groups' demand for driving and riding experience. Starting from the existing in-vehicle active sound synthesis algorithm, this paper designs a gear shift control strategy suitable for all working conditions. During acceleration, in order to achieve the gear shifting effect, the motor speed signal is obtained to bias the speed at the shift point. During deceleration, in order to prevent a sudden increase at the shift point, the speed of the deceleration condition is linearly interpolated to make the shifting process of the deceleration condition smoother. During acceleration after deceleration, in order to avoid the uneven sound jump at the
xilong, zhou, Liu, Zhien, Xie, Liping, Lu, Chihua, Yu, Shangbo, GAO, XIANG, yongsheng, wang
Global Vehicle Vibration Enhancement Using Circular Force Technology2025-01-001505/05/2023
In addition to safety advantages, sound and vibration are being utilized to enhance the driver experience in Electric Vehicles (EVs). Significant interest and investment continue to grow in utilizing interior and exterior sound for pedestrian safety and driver awareness of vehicle state, as well as enabling a unique personal EV audio experience for brand recognition both inside and external to the vehicle. Several automakers are also using audio to simulate virtual gear shifting and as well as manual transmissions in EVs. According to several automotive industry articles and market research, the audio enhancements alone, without the vibration that drivers are accustomed to in combustion engine vehicles, are not sufficient to meet the engagement, excitement, and emotion that driving enthusiasts expect. In this paper, we introduce the use of new automotive high-force compact light-weight circular force generators for globally shaking vehicles. The technology was developed originally for
Norris, Mark A., Orzechowski, JEFFREY, Sanderson, Brad, Swanson, Douglas, vantimmeren, Andrew
A Study on Reduction of Gear Rattle Noise through Clutch Hysteresis Stabilization2025-01-010005/05/2023
Reducing gear rattle noise within the passenger cabin is a crucial objective in vehicle development due to its direct impact on customer comfort and driving experience. Gear rattle occurs when free gears collide during meshing, primarily driven by high torsional vibrations generated by engine fluctuations. These vibrations are transmitted through the clutch system to the transmission, amplifying noise inside the cabin. To address this issue, this study focuses on optimizing the clutch by stabilizing its hysteresis, which helps in minimizing the torsional vibrations transferred to the transmission input shaft, thereby reducing gear rattle. The investigation centers on a case where significant gear rattle was observed at high vehicle speeds, particularly under high engine torque conditions. A thorough root cause analysis identified that the primary contributor to the noise was a drop in the clutch hysteresis value at elevated engine torques. This drop increased torsional vibrations in
Awasthi, Mradul, Dhankhar, Dinesh Singh, Khare, Devendra Kumar, Rana, Deepak, pandey, Anant
Analysis of Subharmonic Torsional Resonance in Powertrains with Two-Stage Spring Isolators2025-01-009605/05/2023
A vehicle powertrain system with a two-stage spring isolator separating a combustion engine from a transmission can exhibit significant nonlinear dynamics if the input torques cause the spring to continuously alternate between its first-stage and second-stage stiffnesses. In particular, this nonlinearity can result in subharmonic resonance of the system’s torsional natural frequencies at half the frequency of the engine’s primary excitation order. A 1D torsional vibration model was prepared using Siemens’s Simcenter Amesim software to study these nonlinear vibrations. First, a correlated vehicle-level model was developed to replicate a half-order torsional resonance that was measured in a vehicle test. Then, simplified models were used to study the sensitivity of this kind of subharmonic resonant response to changes in mean input torque level, amplitude of input torque oscillation, first-stage capacity of the spring isolator, and other factors.
Villiger, Jacob
Electric Bus NVH Challenges and Refinement Using Innovative Approach2025-01-008005/05/2023
The trend towards electrification propulsion in the automotive industry is highly in demand due to zero-emission and becoming more significant across the world. Battery electric vehicles have lower overall noise as compared to conventional I.C Engine counterparts due to the absence of combustion engine noise. However, other narrowband and tonal noises are becoming dominant and are strongly perceived inside the cabin. With the ongoing push towards electrification, there is likely to be increased focus on the noise impact of gearing required for the transmission of power from the electric motor to the road. Direct coupling of E-motors with Axle has resulted in severe tonal noises from the driveline due to instant e-motor torque ramp up from 0 rpm and reverse torque on driving axle during regenerative braking. The tonal noises from the rear axle during vehicle running become very critical for customer perception. For automotive NVH engineers, it has become a challenge to balance expected
Doshi, Sohin, Kalsule, Dhanaji, Sawangikar, Pradeep, Suresh, Vineeth, Sharma, Manish
Impact of torsional vibrations on the strength of clutch dampers.2025-01-009905/05/2023
The clutch is a mechanical device that engages and disengages power transmission from the engine to the wheels. The damper mechanism integrated into the clutch disc is designed to attenuate the torsional vibrations from the engine. This study investigates the impact of torsional vibrations on the structural durability of a clutch disc damper of the intermediate and light commercial vehicle. The baseline clutch damper's springs experienced excessive deflection angles due to driveline resonance experienced in operation, resulting in the springs hitting the contact surface. This caused the springs to fail due to the high stresses created during operation. A 1D simulation model is utilized to predict the torsional vibration behavior of the vehicle. The driveline's 1D model is created using Amesim software, and the simulated results demonstrate a strong correlation with the actual torsional measurements taken at the vehicle level for the baseline clutch damper. A new clutch damper design
Jagtap, Amol Shivaji, Chollangi, Damodar, PACHPANDE, PRASHANT
NVH improvement of the BEV transmission by altering bearing mounting arrangement.2025-01-010405/05/2023
As per metaphor, “The squeaky wheel gets the grease” the transmission of battery electric vehicle (BEVs) gets topmost attention in terms of NVH improvement. While the engine is getting replaced with an almost silent electric motor, the transmission noise appears persistent and demands more silent transmission. This has raised demand for improvement in design as well as manufacturing quality. Various innovations are being done to drive an improvement in the NVH. Following paper will discuss the improvement in NVH achieved through a design innovation in the way bearings are installed and demonstrated a significant amount of improvement. We have used SMT MASTA used as a simulation tool to predict the expected results and a Transmission Dyno test bench in an anechoic chamber to test the NVH performance on physical sample. The innovation was done on a small single speed two stage reduction gearbox coupled with a 100 NM, 14000 RPM battery electric motor. Though the bearings have
Pingale, Abhijeet, Soni, Jaldeep
Co-relation of NVH results with housing modal analysis and improvement of the BEV transmission.2025-01-010605/05/2023
The battery electric vehicle (BEVs) are very sensitive in terms of NVH requirements. While the engine is getting replaced with an almost silent electric motor, the transmission noise appears persistent and demands more silent transmission. This has raised demand for improvement in design as well as manufacturing quality. Various innovations are being done to drive an improvement in the NVH. Following paper will discuss the improvement in NVH achieved through a design optimization of the housing using modal analysis. Firstly, the NVH results were co-related with the modal analysis and the cause for the dominant peak in amplitude of the NVH graph associated with the housing modes were mapped. A simple Excel based correlation matrix used to map the list of all Eigenfrequencies of housing and it’s corresponding gear tooth frequency. Further optimization is done in housing design to defer the modal frequencies and another NVH test was run. It was proven that the housing optimization using
Pingale, Abhijeet Satish, Deshpande, Prasannakumar
Vibration refinement of two wheeler sub chassis and aesthetic parts due to engine unbalanced excitation forces2025-01-011305/05/2023
Two wheelers are important and essential transportation mode in India. Designing a motorcycle with better riding comfort and minimal vibration are thus a major challenge for engineers now a day. Engine and road excitations are two sources of vibration acting on motor bike or scooter. These vibrations are transmitted to chassis, sub chassis, aesthetic parts and then to the rider and pillion. Unwanted vibrations will create discomfort to the rider/pillion as well as produces noises and hence needs to be minimized. This study is focused on diagnosis and control of output vibration responses of sub chassis/aesthetic parts due to engine unbalanced excitation forces. There are numerous parameters of motor bike/ scooter that govern the vibration responses of sub chassis/ aesthetic parts. Engine unbalanced inertia force characteristics and their transmission to rider and pillion has been studied and reported here. Environmental benefits demands for a complete NVH refinement for lesser
khare, saharash
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