Browse Topic: Interiors, Cabins, and Cockpits

Items (5,711)
Find
System Validation & Verification Plan Template - ARP4754A - AFuzionARP4754A_PL_009 (Current)To be published on 08/13/2201
Requirements Extract for AS861C Minimum General Standards for Oxygen SystemsSA-DIG-000015/1/2026
This digital standard is a requirements extract of AS861C Minimum General Standards for Oxygen Systems. This file contains a general requirements extraction as well as files that are optimized for use with Doors Classic, Siemens Polarian, and PTC.
Development of a Systematic Methodology for Identifying and Mitigating Squeak & Rattle Issues in Automotive Seating Systems2026-26-03331/16/2026
The automotive industry constantly strives to enhance vehicle safety, comfort, and customer satisfaction. One of the critical aspects influencing these factors is the mitigation of Buzz, Squeak, and Rattle (BSR) issues, which can significantly impact perceived vehicle quality and user experience. This paper focuses on the BSR challenges specifically encountered in two key components: seat headrests and latch & striker mechanisms. Seat headrests, designed to provide comfort and safety, often face BSR issues due to component misalignment, material incompatibility, or wear and tear during usage. Vibrations and movement, especially during vehicle operation, exacerbate these problems, leading to acoustic disturbances that detract from the overall ride quality. Similarly, latch and striker in seat system is prone to squeaks and rattles due to improper fitment, environmental conditions, or mechanical stress. These issues not only compromise the auditory experience but may also raise concerns
Deole, Sameer Shrikant, Rahman, Shafeeq, Mohammed, Riyazuddin, shah, Prashant
Road noise improvement of a passenger vehicle through end-to-end CAE-Simulation using Transfer Path Analysis (TPA) approach2026-26-04311/16/2026
Refined NVH performance of a vehicle is a mark of premium quality. Achieving the desired NVH performance in different vehicle operating conditions is always a Herculean task and early stage “CAE design recommendations” play crucial role in overall vehicle design development. This becomes tougher when the program is very much cost, weight and timeline sensitive. This paper explores simulation approach for addressing a major noise issue for a vehicle running at a constant speed on a rough road. The first and the most critical step is to identify the exact root cause of the issue. Hence, we propose a detailed full vehicle level “contribution analysis (CA) + transfer path analysis (TPA)” methodology (everything done through the simulation) and then go for the design recommendations to improve the performance. We used road excitation power spectral density (PSD) as the input at all the four wheels (spindle locations) calculated through MBD software. The first step i.e. contribution analysis
Mahajani, Mihir, Nascimento, Fabio, ADINARAYANA REDDY, KODIDELA, Matyal, Mahantesh, Tenagi, Irappa, Sardar, Chenna
Driving Thermal Intelligence – Pioneering Digital Twin-Driven Hardware-In-Loop for Smart Climate Control Modules2026-26-03801/16/2026
The automotive industry is undergoing a transformative shift from hardware-driven vehicle development to software-centric, model-based validation practices. At the heart of this evolution is the demand for smarter, more adaptive cabin climate management systems. The Climate Control Module (CCM) a critical embedded ECU—regulates the vehicle’s Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) functionality based on a fusion of passenger inputs and environmental sensor data. Traditionally, validation of such systems relied heavily on manual testing within climatic chambers or through in-vehicle trials using physical interfaces like the Climate Control Head (CCH) and the Infotainment Head Unit (HU). These legacy methods are increasingly inadequate in addressing rapid development cycles, high functional complexity, and stringent safety and quality standards. This paper introduces a Digital Twin-enabled Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) testing methodology using advanced real-time controllers to
More, Shweta, Shinde, Vivek, Turankar, Darshana, Patel, Dafiya, Gosavi, Santosh, GHANWAT, HEMANT
Optimizing Stick Slip Performance in Automotive Interiors by Material Selection, Additives, and Design Strategies2026-26-03251/16/2026
The automotive industry is highly competitive, especially in terms of design and perceived quality. The use of hard plastics with a high gloss finish is driven by styling trends and the push towards zero gaps, making interfaces critical. In-cabin mood lighting is another feature being offered as a theme for interiors. Dashboard or cockpit designs often incorporate a significant amount of polycarbonate-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC-ABS) and polycarbonate (PC). These materials provide strength and design flexibility but have the disadvantage of material incompatibility when used together, leading to stick-slip phenomena. Traditionally, felt tapes were used as interface isolation to solve this problem, but this increased manufacturing costs and assembly complications. The study focuses on the stick-slip phenomenon and material interface modifications. Specifically, it examines selecting the right surface finish on one side of the PC & PC-ABS interface to change adhesion and friction
Mohammed, Riyazuddin, R, Prasath, Rahman, Shafeeq
Smart Multilink Cabin Suspension with Detachable Stabilizer Mechanism for Improved Ride Comfort and Maintenance Efficiency in Vehicle Cabins.2026-26-00881/16/2026
This paper presents the design and development of a novel suspension system for vehicle cabins, specifically aimed at improving ride comfort and reducing maintenance time and costs. The system features a detachable stabilizer bar pivotally coupled to a pair of brackets connected to the vehicle chassis. The stabilizer bar is removably connected to a pair of connecting links, which in turn are oupled to a second pair of brackets attached to the cabin. This configuration allows for easy access to the engine bay during maintenance without disassembling the entire suspension system. Additionally, the system includes damper units and pivot arms that enhance ride comfort by isolating vibrations from the chassis. The proposed design is particularly beneficial for commercial vehicles with fixed cabins, as it reduces idle time during engine overhaul and improves overall ride quality for occupants.
K, Akilan, Pardeshi, Mahesh, Mistri, Pratikkumar, Navsariwala, Prashant
A method of selectively elevating a Seamless Switch Integrated in Fabric2026-26-05961/16/2026
This research presents the construction and working principle of Selectively Elevated Seamless Fabric Switch technology aimed at advancing automotive interior design through enhanced aesthetics, functionality, and user experience by providing a tactile surface that is available for operation only during the activated, elevated state. Traditional mechanical switches often suffer from issues such as dust and water ingress, accidental activation, and a fragmented visual profile. The proposed system integrates concealed controls sandwiched with a fabric surface, with switches selectively elevated only upon user interaction. The design incorporates conductive fabric layers and electromagnetic actuation to achieve seamless integration with vehicle interiors while maintaining responsive tactile feedback. The input provided for activating the switch can be a signal such as gesture or proximity of the user’s finger. Upon activation the switch is selectively elevated and ready for operation due
Mohunta, Sanjay, Panchal, Girish, Puthran, Shaunak
Study of real time impact on automotive cabin Air Quality due to the ambient air pollution in the severely polluted city2026-26-05311/16/2026
This study investigates the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 inside an automobile under real-world driving conditions in Delhi, one of the most polluted cities globally. India faces severe air pollution challenges in many cities, including Delhi, which are consistently ranking among the most polluted cities in the world. Major contributors to this pollution include vehicular emissions, industrial activities, construction dust, and biomass burning. Exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 has been linked to numerous adverse health effects, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, aggravated asthma, decreased lung function, and premature mortality. PM2.5 particles, being smaller, can penetrate deeper into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream, causing more severe health issues. In big cities like Delhi, long driving times exacerbate exposure to these pollutants, as commuters spend extended periods in traffic. Measurements were taken both inside and outside the vehicle to assess the real
Gupta, Rajat, Pimpalkar, Ankit, Patel, Abhishek, Rajaur, Deepak, Kumar, Shubham, Joshi, Rishi, Kumar, Mukesh
Establishing a High-Pressure Direct Injection Hydrogen Engine Test Facility with Integrated Ammonia Fuel Capability: Technical Considerations, Safety Framework, and Best Practices2026-26-02671/16/2026
The transition toward zero-carbon propulsion technologies has highlighted the urgent need for specialized test infrastructure to support hydrogen and alternative fuel research. This paper presents the conceptualization, design, and operation of a High-Pressure Direct Injection (HPDI) Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine (H2 ICE) test facility with integrated ammonia fuel testing capability, marking a significant advancement in India’s sustainable automotive research efforts. Drawing from practical experience, it outlines crucial technical specifications, safety protocols, and best practices for establishing robust, adaptable, and secure testing environments. Addressing the industry’s need for dedicated infrastructure, it is engineered for adaptability across various engine types—including heavy-duty, light-duty, and multi-utility vehicles—while aligning with global technical standards. Key technical considerations include the use of a transient dynamometer that features an advanced
Dhyani, Vipin, Kurien, Caneon, Subramanian, Balaji, Khandai, Chinmayananda, Muralidharan, M
Strategic Design of Intake Systems for Crafting a Sporty Acoustic Signature in Passenger Vehicles2026-26-03281/16/2026
In pursuit of a distinct sporty interior sound character, the present study explores an innovative strategy for designing intake systems in passenger vehicles. While most existing literature primarily emphasizes exhaust system tuning for enhancing vehicle sound quality, the current work shifts the focus toward the intake system’s critical role in shaping the perceived acoustic signature within the vehicle cabin. In this research work, target cascading and settings were derived through a combination of benchmark and structured subjective evaluation study and aligning with literature review. Quantitative targets for intake orifice noise was defined to achieve the desired sporty character inside cabin. Intake orifice targets are engineered based on signature and sound quality parameter required at cabin. Systems are designed by using advanced CAE techniques, Specific identified acoustic orders were enhanced in the intake system to reinforce the required signature in acceleration as well
Sadekar, Umesh Audumbar, Titave, Uttam, Patil, Jitendra
An Outer Waist Seal with Integrated Glass Wiping Mechanism for a Window Frame of a Vehicle2026-26-00111/16/2026
This innovation addresses a major safety concern where drivers experience poor visibility of the Outside Rear View Mirror due to rain, fog, dust, or ice accumulation on the side door window glass. Existing solutions like hydrophobic coatings and heated door window glasses offer limited effectiveness, leading to the need for a more reliable and efficient system. To solve this issue, we have modified Outer Waist Seal by integrating Glass Wiping Mechanism in it. The Outer Waist Seal is a weatherproof strip located at the bottom edge of a vehicle’s side window, attached to the door panel. It prevents heavy water flow, dust, and debris from entering the door cavity while also supporting the window glass during its movement. This system features a stationary fixed arm and a rotating arm with an attached wiper blade, driven by a low-speed, high-torque motor and connected with the vehicle's Body Control Module. Upon activation, the rotating arm with blade wipes the Outside Rear View Mirror
Neelam, Rajat, Chowdhury, Ashok, Panchal, Girish, Kumar, Saurav
Real-time range optimization for selected destinations by Dynamic Energy Management Strategy (DEMS) in BEV’s2026-26-01681/16/2026
The automotive industry has undergone significant transformation with the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). However, to tackle range anxiety, the focus has shifted to energy management strategies for optimal range under different driving conditions. Developing an optimal energy management algorithm is crucial for overcoming optimal range and gaining a competitive edge in the market. This paper introduces a Dynamic Energy Management Strategy (DEMS) for electric vehicles (EVs), designed to optimize battery usage and extend driving range. Utilizing vehicle digital twin model, DEMS estimates energy consumption across Eco, Normal, and Sports driving modes by analyzing vehicle velocity profiles and pedal inputs. By calculating actual battery consumption and pinpointing excess power usage, DEMS operates in a closed loop to periodically assess the power gap based on real-time vehicle conditions, including HV components like the Electric Drive system, DCDC, E-compressor and E-Heater; and
Dey, Supriyo, Venugopal, Karthick Babu, Penta, Amar, KUMAR, Rohit, Arya, Harshita
A Comprehensive Study of vehicle side door structure and window glass displacement during slam for refinement2026-26-05491/16/2026
In the vehicle closures validation process, the displacements in its structure and window glass have significant impact on its service life. The objective of this paper is to develop a test case using instrumentation and data acquisition for measuring the vehicle door structure and its window glass displacement along the lateral direction. This measurement support for understanding the door and window glass displacement impact on its primary and secondary rubber seals, striker, check arm, hinges, and its structural rigidity. The door mechanisms also get affects by door displacement which results to significant deterioration in its performance. The test setup comprises of sensors with required range and accuracy connected with data acquisition system by selecting appropriate sampling rate. The sensors placed on window glass and on door structure top corner during the measurement. Different window glass positions like full close, half close and fully opened considered for the study
Arthanathan, Sankaranarayanan, SHASHIDHAR, S, B, VENKATASUBRAMANIAN
NVH Challenges in Head Up Display (HUD) Design for Modern Connected Vehicles: Balancing Performance and Structural Dynamics2026-26-03541/16/2026
A more recent focus on driver comfort and the increasing demand for access to information make automotive OEMs provide advanced features such as Head Up Display systems. Even though HUD projects vital information onto the windshield/glass, its structural integration comes with significant noise and vibration challenges, leading to noisier in-cabin, display instability and haziness. This paper discusses the significant design parameters influencing the in-cabin NVH levels and functional effectiveness of HUD systems. The structure considered for analysis is the HUD assembly and its integration in vehicle. CCB turns out to be the critical component of the vehicle structure susceptible to road excitations although its mass dampens the vibrations inherently, due to the low mass of the HUD, relative oscillation between its projector, mirror, and either the windshield or display causes image distortion. In addition, the fan incorporated to cool the projector possess threat to in-cabin sound
Vardhanan K, Aravindha Vishnu, Titave, Uttam
OPTIMIZER SUNSHADE PACKAGING WITH HALF ALUMINIUM CASSET AND METAL PULL BAR2026-26-05971/16/2026
The automotive industry is advancing rapidly with the integration of cutting-edge technology, aesthetics, and performance. One area that has remained relatively underexplored in the pursuit of sleek, minimalistic interiors is the Sunshade packaging in door trim system. Traditional sunshade design, often bulky and are increasingly incompatible with the trend towards compact. Car sunshade is a shield that is placed on a car side window, and it is used for regulating the amount of light entering from the car window and improves the passenger comfort inside the cabin. Car Interior components specifically plastic and seats based on thermal stress properties. When we exposed these parts direct contact with sunlight, humidity and ambient temperature above threshold limit then interior plastic parts can start softening and melt after that they emit harmful chemical which is caused to anemia and poor immune systems. So, Sunshade protection not only serve to protect passenger comfort inside car
palyal, Nikita, D, GOWTHAM, BHASKARARAO, PATHIVADA, bornare, harshad, RITESH, KAKADE
"Addressing Reflection-Related Issues in Vehicle Interiors: Ensuring Safer and More Comfortable Driving Experiences"2026-26-05531/16/2026
Reflection significantly influences vehicle driving conditions, impacting both driver comfort and safety. Direct reflections from sunlight or artificial lighting can lead to stress, fatigue, and impaired road visibility, increasing the risk of accidents. Indirect reflections, such as glare from mirrors or dashboard surfaces, pose temporary challenges by distracting drivers and affecting their focus. The intensity and direction of reflections vary with the position of the sun during the day and artificial lights at night, creating visibility issues. Reflection is categorized into daytime reflection, characterized by sunlight-induced glare, and night reflection, driven by internal displays, headlights, and streetlights. To address this, our study focuses on design, vehicle interiors, colour and Pattern to mitigate the Reflection related issues. Our study also focuses on Innovative solutions like anti-reflective coatings, polarized accessories to minimize these effects, ensuring safer and
Jayapandiyan, Raja, DWARAPUDI, DURGAPRASAD, BALU, LAXSHMAANJI, Muthu, Karthikeyan, RANGARAJAN BHARATWAJ, Barath, Natarajasundaram, Balasubramanian
Quantifying the Energy Consumption of HVAC Operation and Its Impact on the Range of Electric Buses Across Diverse Climatic Conditions2026-26-02041/16/2026
Electric buses (e-buses) are essential to sustainable public transport, but their real-world efficiency and range are heavily affected by auxiliary systems, particularly the Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. This study investigates how ambient temperature variations and HVAC loads influence energy consumption, range, and efficiency in e-buses operating under diverse climatic conditions. The methodology combines field data collection from urban e-buses across seasons—including extreme summer and winter—with controlled lab testing. Field measurements included ambient temperature, HVAC demand, vehicle speed, state of charge (SOC) variation, and energy consumption. These inputs were used to develop real-world duty cycles, replicating actual thermal loads, passenger profiles, idling periods, and driving patterns. In the lab, these cycles were simulated using a chassis dynamometer and environmental chamber, with HVAC systems tested at controlled ambient temperatures
Vishe, Prashant, Dalela, Saurabh, Joshi, Madhusudan, Saraswat, Shubham
A Performance-driven Numerical Approach for Optimizing the Plenum Opening Area of Cowl Box2026-26-04611/16/2026
There is a scarcity of research in literature regarding the determination of Plenum Opening Area of cowl box. The area of the plenum opening in the cowl box significantly affects the airflow rate in fresh airflow modes, such as face and defrost modes, as well as issues related to water ingress. Primarily, the size of the plenum opening is determined by the necessary HVAC airflow rate. This study aims to investigate how the plenum opening area impacts both airflow discharge and the water ingress issue in the HVAC module. A novel approach is introduced in this research to determine the optimal plenum opening area of the cowl box, taking into account both airflow rate and water ingress concerns. The ANSYS FLUENT software is utilized to analyze airflow discharge in both face and defrost modes, while the SPH (Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics) based Preonlab tool is employed for water ingress analysis. Airflow discharge is evaluated for various plenum opening sizes in both modes, and the area
Baskar, Subramaniyan, A Sr, Mahesh, Gopinathan, Nagarajan
UNIQUE HYBRID PANORAMIC HEADLINER CLIP WITH HIGH TOLERANCE TO REPLACE DUAL LOCK FASTENERS2026-26-02991/16/2026
Mounting strategies for vehicles with panoramic sunroofs remains a challenge owing to its high complexity to balance cost, performance and assembly efficiency. Achieving efficient and reliable headliner mounting solutions is one of the conundrums where cost optimization must go together with uncompromised performance. Traditional methods like Dual Lock Fasteners (DLFs), have set high benchmarks for robustness but at the cost of increased manufacturing complexity and expense. In pursuit of a more economical and production-friendly alternative, various plastic clip designs were explored. However, these solutions posed significant challenges during validation due to the stringent requirements for mounting feasibility, tolerance management, and long-term durability This paper introduces a novel hybrid plastic-metal clip solution that addresses those challenges comprehensively. The new design achieves precise tolerance control, ensuring reliable headliner installation under varying Body-in
D, GOWTHAM, Kumarasamy, Raj Ganesh, Shoeb, Mohd, Chauhan, Aarti
Cabin modelling approach in 1D simulation for studying the impact of partial recirculation in warmup for BEV at extreme cold ambient conditions2026-26-04501/16/2026
The inclusion of the cabin in HVAC simulations gained more importance with the introduction of BEV’s. Thermal management and efficiency being in the forefront, exploration for the possible opportunities to reduce the energy consumption for meeting the comfort of passengers gained importance. The energy consumed by the Electric coolant or air heaters for heating the cabin at extreme cold ambient temperatures to deliver similar comfort to that of an ICE version is 2 to 3 times that of the energy required for cooling the cabin in a high ambient condition. Even during the sizing of HVAC system, if traditional method of ambient or fresh air conditions is considered for calculating the requirements, the result is we would require a product which will have unrealistic performance demand. Hence to explore different possibilities for studying the system, usage of recirculation air was considered as one of the options. This paper talks about the approach followed in creating the cabin model in
Veerla, Eswar, Subramanian, Karthik
Assessment of emissions behaviour of Volatile compounds from polymeric materials used in automobile interiors2026-26-02221/16/2026
There is an increasing trend of using polymeric materials in the vehicle interior compartment. While the polymers provide benefits in terms of flexibility in profiling, lighter weight and aesthetics but one of the challenges with the polymers is emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during their usage and particularly at a temperature prevailing in the vehicle cabin. VOCs adversely impact the vehicle interior air quality and can pose a risk to occupants’ health. However, there is a lack of information on volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from automotive interior materials. There are two types of methods, a whole vehicle chamber method (ISO 12219-1) and a bag method (ISO 12219-2) for evaluation of VOCs emissions from materials used in vehicle interior parts. ISO 12219-2 method describes quantitative testing of VOCs and semi-VOCs. This test method is quick and cost effective for analysis of materials for quick emission checks and can prove to be very effective in
PAtil, Yamini Jitendra, Thipse, Sukrut, Bawase, Moqtik
Numerical Analysis of Rear Windshield Deicing with Heating Wires2026-26-03731/16/2026
Motivation: Windshield deicing is a crucial safety feature in vehicles, typically associated with the front windshield. However, the rear windshield also plays a significant role in ensuring safety and needs to be clear. Deicing of the front windshield is usually done using the hot air nozzle from the HVAC system. Modern rear windshields are equipped with heating wires that generate heat upon electrical supply to facilitate deicing. However, excessive use of these heating wires can lead to unnecessary energy consumption, impacting the vehicle's overall efficiency. This is the key motivation behind the development of an optimized heating system for the rear windshield. Problem: Design an optimized heating system for rear windshields that balances effective deicing with minimal energy usage, enhancing both safety and energy efficiency in vehicles. Methodology: This paper explores the numerical application of heating methods using CFD software to deice the rear windshield. The study
Kumaravel, Rajarajeshwari, Ibrahim, Sayyaf, Mathew, Ronnie
Efficient simulation modelling technique using automatic mesh and contact interface generation2026-26-03921/16/2026
Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) users often follow traditional meshing and contact generation processes, which are time-consuming, repetitive, and heavily dependent on user experience and perspective. The method described herein presents a system for generating a mesh and contact interfaces that ensures standardized and consistent output for a model. The system stores multiple mesh configurations, each containing a set of predefined geometric features to create standard meshes for users. The process begins by receiving data for a CAD model of an object and capturing user input through a graphical user interface. Users specify several parameters, including the desired body type, global mesh size, and a selected mesh configuration from the available options. Using these inputs, the system generates a mesh for the model, incorporating the selected mesh configuration’s geometric features along with the specified body type and size. The contact generation process offers several key
DABADGAONKAR, ANAND, Kamble, Amardeep
Ambient Light Reflection Analysis using Dimensional Modelling Tools2026-26-04761/16/2026
The primary motivation is to improve driver safety and visual comfort. This is driven by the need to address the negative impact of ambient light reflecting off Head-Up Displays (HUDs), which can impair visibility through the windshield. There is a need for tools and methods to address this issue proactively during the vehicle design phase. Ambient light reflecting off internal components, specifically the Head-Up Display (HUD), creates unwanted reflections on the windshield. These reflections can obscure the driver's field of view, potentially compromising safety and reducing visual comfort. The extent of this obscuration is influenced by geometrical factors such as the angle of the HUD and the curvature of the windshield, which needs to be analyzed and managed. The study employs a tool-based modeling methodology to trace the pathways of ambient light from its source, reflecting off the HUD, and onto the windshield using a dimensional modeling tool. It focuses on geometrical factors
Muchchandi, Vinod, AKULA, SATYA JAYANTH, Mahindrakar, Pramod, G S, Sharath
Analysis of Energy Consumption for Heating City Electric Buses and Ways to Reduce It2026-26-01561/16/2026
For regions with cold climates, the driving range of electric buses becomes a significant obstacle to the broader adoption of this type of transport. The increased energy consumption affects not only the range of autonomous operation but also the lifespan of battery packs, the scheduling of bus departures, and the load on the charging infrastructure. In this context, finding ways to reduce the energy consumption of the climate control system is an actual issue. The aim of the presented research is to experimentally and computationally determine the energy consumption for heating the driver's cabin and passenger compartment of an electric bus during the autumn-winter operation period, as well as to identify and analyze ways to reduce this energy consumption. To determine the air temperature in the passenger compartment, a mathematical model based on heat balance equations was used. This model was validated using data from real-world tests. The research was conducted at a proving ground
Kozlov, Andrey, Terenchenko, Alexey, Stryapunin, Alexander
A Comprehensive Review of Si vs. LTPS Displays: Automotive Industry Trends, Design, Non-Idealities, and Failure Analysis2026-26-05991/16/2026
Abstract : Automotive displays play a vital role in modern vehicles, enhancing user experience and delivering crucial information. The automotive industry is rapidly evolving in its adoption of advanced display technologies to enhance user experience, safety, and vehicle aesthetics. Displays such as Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays (AMLCD) and Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode (AMOLED) are increasingly being integrated into vehicle cockpits, infotainment systems, digital clusters, and head-up displays. These technologies offer high brightness, wide viewing angles, and improved color performance suitable for varying lighting conditions within automotive environments. To support these advanced displays, there has been significant progress in backplane technologies such as amorphous silicon (a-Si), Low-Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon (LTPS) Among these, low-temperature polysilicon (LTPS) has emerged as a preferred choice due to its high carrier mobility, enabling high
Sinha Roy, Debarghya, Duggal, Ananya, Singh, Ujjwal Kumar
Hydrogen Embrittlement in Galvanized High Carbon Steel Components of Automotive Seat Slider Assembly2026-26-03021/16/2026
This research paper investigates the failure of an isolator clip used in the seat slider assembly, which guides and restricts the sliding motion of the tooth bracket within the seat. The component is made of C80 high-carbon spring steel, known for its high strength. According to the manufacturing process details, zinc plating was applied to the component for corrosion protection, as confirmed by EDS analysis. A fractographic examination of the failed part revealed a brittle, intergranular fracture morphology with visible cracks. Certain areas also exhibited micro-void coalescence, indicating a dimpled fracture surface. The primary failure mode was intergranular (IG) fracture. The delayed fracture was attributed to intergranular fracture mechanisms, micro-void coalescence, and the high strength of the steel, which made the component susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement. Hydrogen embrittlement occurs when hydrogen atoms become trapped along the grain boundaries, where they form hydrogen
Saindane, Mehul Kishor, BALI, SHIRISH
Innovative Inverted Cross Car Beam Design for Optimized Packaging of Advanced Driver Assistance Technologies in Global Vehicles.2026-26-00511/16/2026
• Objective This paper proposes an innovative inverted cross car beam design optimized for packaging advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) technologies, including Augmented Reality Head-Up Display (AR-HUD) systems, within premium vehicle instrument panels. The study emphasizes the use of lightweight steel structures bracketry's and advanced joinery techniques to address challenges such as NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness), durability, and BSR (Buzz, Squeak, and Rattle) while maintaining structural integrity and luxury aesthetics. By focusing on alignment precision, vibration damping, and efficient space utilization, the design supports the seamless integration of ADAS components, enabling the development of future-ready global EV vehicles with high-performance premium interiors. • Novelty This paper introduces a groundbreaking U-shaped steel tube cross car beam design that addresses the growing demands of ADAS integration, such as AR-HUD, steering column, HVAC systems, and ECUs
MAHAJAN, AJAY SENU, Regatte, Ganesh, Nagarjuna, Kamisetti, SAHOO, SANDEEP, Udugu, Kumaraswamy, JC, sudheera
Packaging the HPTS Airbag in a Second-row bench seat2026-26-00331/16/2026
Seats of modern cars should necessarily meet the regulatory safety norms along with aesthetics and comfort. In the existing passenger cars prevailing across the Indian subcontinent, the measure of safety has been a challenging one. The stringent regulatory norms thereby make the Airbag very promising. In the domain of automotive safety, certain features hold exceptional importance, with airbags taking a forefront position. Their fundamental objective is to provide an advanced level of safety for both the driver and passengers in the unfortunate event of a collision. This is accomplished through the automatic deployment of an inflatable airbag, engineered to swiftly respond during a crash and furnish the necessary sophisticated cushioning to enhance overall passenger safety. The technology has been practiced widely upon a many vehicles seat. However, the present work highlights a novel approach of packaging the HPTS air bag in second row seat. This Air bag unit is fitted in the seat
Buradkar, Rajat Ramkrishna, BOSE, KARTHIK, JADHAV, DEEPIKA, Balakrishnan, Gangadharan
Improve the electric vehicle range by using the climate control setting in economy mode at hot climatic conditions2026-26-01721/16/2026
Electric vehicles (EVs) have surged in popularity in recent years due to their environmental benefits. The influence of range on air conditioning (AC) power consumption is a critical concern for electric vehicle (EV) owners, particularly in warmer climates. Overcoming obstacles such as a limited vehicle range is necessary for the increased use of electric-powered automobiles. Cabin heating and cooling demand for climate control consumes more energy from the main battery and has been revealed to significantly reduce vehicle range. During peak cooling or heating, the overall power consumption of the AC system takes almost 50% of the energy used for traction. The average reduction in driving range caused by air conditioning (heating and cooling) approximates 33%. The energy usage of an electric vehicle can be considerably decreased by switching the climate control setting to economy mode. The AC system will operate more effectively, enabling the vehicle to save energy and extend its range
Mulamalla, Sarveshwar Reddy, Anugu, Anil, E A, Muhammed, ummiti, kumar, M, Nisshok, Choudhary, Ankit
A Method of Precooling of EV Vehicle from Grid connected aux supply/Charger to reduce peak power demand of HVAC system when vehicle is allotted for passenger operation using cloud based infrastructure2026-26-00561/16/2026
This paper explains the method of precooling of electric vehicle from grid connected charger reduce load on HVAC and improve the range. HVAC systems are integral part of a commercial EV bus. With the rise of ambient temperatures during various seasons, the load on HVAC System is increasing. Once an Electric vehicle is released from a depot for service, with an initial soaked up ambient vehicle, the HVAC system demands peak power for cooling the interiors which consumes a lot of battery power thus affecting the range. That cause the additional energy consumption required for precooling, which cannot be estimated as it is highly dependent on ambient temperature and range of the vehicle is also dependent on HVAC consumption during summer and peak loads. This paper is proposing a method that uses a special precooling mode which is activated depending on the selection of the vehicle route based on backend application running on cloud. The Application in the cloud checks if the vehicle is
Ganguly, Sutanu, Shukla, Amisha, Jain, Sarika, Patil, Rohan, Sahu, Pritish, Yadav, Ankit, Marskole, Deepa, Amancharla, Naga Chaithanya
Material Optimization in console armrest to comply occupant safety in crash test2026-26-00071/16/2026
Indian passenger vehicles sales touched an all-time high in FY25.Today’s customer expects high level of aesthetics, safety and connected features in the vehicle Interiors. This has created more diverse and demanding customer base that values interior design and quality. This has led OEMs to offer modern Indian mass car interiors with features like big infotainment system, Console Armrest…etc. The vehicle console armrest assembly is an integral part of a car's interior, designed to enhance comfort, ergonomics, and functionality for the driver and passengers. The console armrest is a complex assembly of many child parts like Armrest cushion/ sliding mechanism/ latch, locking mechanism/ hinge mechanism and storage compartment etc., Console hard plastic parts are the primary source of injuries when occupants interact with them in the event of an accident. Poorly designed armrests can contribute to flyoff of child parts in the event crash and can cause injuries to occupant. Therefore
A D, BALAMURUGA, BADDAM, SATHISH, MANGAL, GAUTAM, SINGH, DEEPAK, Shekhar, Ravi, Singh, Amit
Cabin Heat-up Thermal Assessment for Human Comfort in Passenger Car2026-26-04081/16/2026
The HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air conditioning) system is designed to fulfil the thermal comfort requirement inside vehicle cabin. Thermal comfort is significantly subjective which predominantly dependent on occupant’s physiological condition. Vehicle AC performance is evaluated by air flow and local temperature thus, thermal comfort assessment is carried out by mapping of velocity and temperature at various places inside cabin. There is need to have Simulation methodology for heating cabin during cold climate to assess ventilation system effectiveness. Thermal comfort modelling involves human manikin, complex cabin material along with environmental condition in expensive transient simulation. Present study employed with LBM (Lattice-Boltzmann Method) based PowerFLOW solver coupled with finite element based PowerTHERM solver to simulate the cold soaking and heating up of cabin. Thermal comfort is subjective to human physiological modelling thus in-built Berkeley human comfort
Baghel, Devesh Kumar, Kandekar, Ambadas, Kumar, Ravi, Dimble, Nilesh
Vehicle interior material emissions and contributions in passenger vehicle cabin air quality2026-26-02871/16/2026
Polymer compounds used in the manufacturing of automotive interiors are formulated with various kind of additives, pigments, fillers, and resins. These compounded polymers are prone to the emission of chemicals called volatile organic compound (VOC) over a period of usage, temperature exposure etc. VOCs include a variety of chemicals, some of which may have short term adverse health effects like nausea, headache, vomiting, and long-term adverse health effects like cancer, even death if beyond the permissible limits. Studies indicates the concentrations of many VOCs are consistently higher in indoors (up to ten times higher) than outdoors and hence these chemical emissions are required to be controlled within the defined limits. This paper is focused on the identification part and material, evaluation against the recommended test (Odor/Fogging/VOC/Carbonyl compound emissions) and development of materials used inside the car cabin. This study further provides the guidelines for the
Shukla, Sandeep Kumar
From Vision to Reality - Automotive UI/UX Concept Development at Magna2026-26-04771/16/2026
The development of automotive UI/UX relies on the latest technologies and features in modern vehicle design, focusing on enhancing user interaction. The Magna UI/UX team uses innovative tools to streamline the development of user interaction features. Our process is accessible to all stakeholders and applicable to all UI/UX projects. With extensive experience working with both new entrants and traditional OEMs, we leverage diverse insights and methodologies to create state-of-the-art user experiences. Beginning with the UI strategy, Magna defines the overall display and interaction strategy based on the latest UI/UX trends and benchmarking criteria for user experience. In this phase, Magna uses online clickdummies to evaluate initial wireframes and sketches, documenting UI elements (buttons, typography, colors, icons) and simulating feature interactions like music control. To develop a UI/UX concept based on customer vision, Magna creates the base screen layout and operation flow
Lechner, Michael
A Review of Literature on the Relationship Between Gas Turbine Engine Lubricants and Aircraft Cabin Air QualityAIR5784A (Current)11/26/2025
There has been a recent upsurge in interest from the media concerning the quality of the environment within aircraft cabins and cockpits especially in the commercial world. This has included (although by no means been limited to) the air quality, with particular reference to the alleged effects of contamination from the aircraft turbine lubricant. Possible exposure to 'organophosphates' (OPs) from the oil has raised special concerns from cabin crew. Such is the concern that government organisations around the world, including Australia, USA and UK, have set up committees to investigate the cabin air quality issue. Concern was also voiced in the aviation lubricants world at the way in which OP additives in turbine lubricants were being blamed in some reports for the symptoms being experienced by air crew and passengers. SAE Committee E-34 therefore decided that it should gather as much available information on the subject as possible. This would then enable E-34 to participate in
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
Minimum Standard for Portable Gaseous, Oxygen EquipmentAS1046D (Current)9/29/2025
This standard is intended to apply to portable compressed gaseous oxygen equipment. When properly configured, this equipment is used either for the administration of supplemental oxygen, first aid oxygen or smoke protection to one or more occupants of either private or commercial transport aircraft.
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
Effect of Pressure Losses and Reynolds Number on Active Grille Shutter Characteristics and Its Prediction2025-01-50599/10/2025
In the present article it is investigated why active grille shutters (AGS) can have very different aerodynamic characteristics, ranging from progressive to strongly degressive, and which factors influence them. For this purpose, the authority concept known from the field of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) is referred to. According to this theory, the control characteristics of dampers depend primarily on the ratio of the pressure losses at the fully open damper to the pressure losses of the rest of the system. The adaptation of the concept to the automotive field shows that, in addition to the pressure losses, the geometry of the cooling air ducting plays a decisive role in motor vehicles. The effect of driving speed and fan operation on the characteristic curves is also being investigated. In addition, authority theory can also be used to derive the conditions under which the opening characteristic curve of an AGS provides a good prediction of the real characteristic
Wolf, Thomas
Test01J1000001_202507 (Current)7/21/2025
Test01
Automotive Electronic Systems Reliability Standards
In-flight Investigations to Evaluate the Suitability of the MCRUER Display to Conduct Mission Task ElementsF-0081-2025-03035/20/2025
Piloted evaluations form a critical part of Handling Qualities (HQ) testing. Military rotorcraft standard ADS-33 outlines the widely accepted approach to perform HQ testing, including both methods to determine predicted and assigned HQs (Ref. 1). Recently, ADS-33 has been replaced with MIL-DTL-32742, which includes updates to previously defined criteria and tasks (Ref. 2). Assigned HQs are awarded using short-look tasks, so-called Mission Task Elements (MTEs), stylized to represent mission requirements. Test courses focus on external visual cues, used by the pilot to judge position. Setting up external courses is usually expensive and may not be feasibly possible. The MCRUER (Means of Compliance Requirements for UAM Evaluations and Ratings) system intends to support HQ evaluations, replacing physical test courses using virtual displays. Four MTEs were successfully demonstrated in flight by three pilots using a variable stability rotorcraft. HQ evaluations were performed both using
Vo, Emily, Schulze, Chase, Jones, Michael
Low Ice Adhesion Strength Coated Rotor Blades and the Effects of Surface Temperature on Ice SheddingF-0081-2025-03105/20/2025
A study into the effects of a low ice adhesion strength coating and combined low power thermal heater system was conducted. Preliminary tests determined the mass of ice necessary to shed from the low ice adhesion strength coating at a specific ambient temperature (-4°C, -8°C, -12°C, and-16°C). The heater tests were conducted at an ambient temperature of -20°C, where the same mass of ice was accreted for each specific case temperature. With the accreted mass, the heaters were turned on until a shed event occurred. The surface temperature at the shed event was recorded. For colder temperatures such as -12°C and-16°C, the surface needed to reach a temperature within 1°C of -12°C and-16°C, respectively, to initiate a shed event. For the warmer cases the replication of ice at -20°C was not feasible, as the type of ice influences adhesion strength. Ice accreted at -20°C has different physical properties than ice formed at warm temperatures, therefore the surface temperature required for
Tyndall, Jack, Palacios, Jose
Augusta Regional Airport Preparation for Transformative VTOL Air Vehicle OperationsF-0081-2025-01325/20/2025
The emergence of electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL) air vehicles is transforming how people and freight are moved in short distances. This transformation has a profound impact on surrounding infrastructure necessary to provide Aircraft On Ground support for eVTOLs. The hover capabilities of eVTOLs have similar operating characteristics within terminal and uncontrolled airspace. However, the need to conserve battery energy via rapid approaches and departures affects terminal airspace management. To attract eVTOL operators, existing airports, landing zones, and vertiports are modifying their infrastructure to include fixed electric charging stations, additional taxiways, upgraded fire suppression systems, separate hangers, and capable MRO facilities. Augusta Regional Airport (KAGS) is the base airport for the annual Masters Golf Tournament which experiences five times the normal airport traffic and some 40,000 commuting patrons. eVTOLs can offset land traffic issues associated
Stanzione, Kaydon, Johnston, Diane
TITLE SPEC 1113A30031113 (Current)11/13/2024
TITLE SCOPE 1113
A-6 Aerospace Actuation, Control and Fluid Power Systems
Spec OpsA11122024 (Current)11/13/2024
Spec Ops
A-6 Aerospace Actuation, Control and Fluid Power Systems
Development and Flight Demonstration of An Active Seat Mount System for Aircrew Whole-Body Vibration Mitigation on NRC Bell-412 HelicopterF-0080-2024-10415/7/2024
Helicopter aircrew are exposed to high levels of whole-body vibration (WBV) in fight operations, which may degrade their ride comfort and performance in the short-term, and contribute to some health issues in the long-term. This paper presents the latest development and flight test demonstration results of an active seat mount system that is designed to reduce helicopter aircrew WBV levels through active cancellation of the N/rev vibration peaks related to the helicopter main rotor speed. A prototype airworthy hardware of the active seat mount system has been developed based on previous bench-top-test designs to meet airframe integrity requirements for installation and flight testing on the Bell-412 helicopter. Extensive experimental results on human occupants using a shaker table facility and flight demonstrations on the NRC Bell-412 helicopter in representative flight conditions are presented and discussed. The active seat mount system has achieved significant reduction to the
Chen, Yong (Eric), Wickramasinghe, Viresh, Fereidooni, Amin
Haptic Device Embedded in Rotorcraft Seats to Provide Motion Onset Cues in Flight SimulatorF-0080-2024-12645/7/2024
This paper describes development and testing of a low-cost device mounted on in the pilot seat of a rotorcraft simulator with the aim of improving the perceived realism of the flight. The device acting vertically from the bottom of the seat is used to communicate changes of acceleration in the vertical direction corresponding to heave movement of the simulated aircraft. A bespoke flight simulator system was developed, featuring modular design and virtual reality (VR) visualisation to enable comparative testing with a full motion system. Objective analyses have shown similarities between the two motion cueing configurations when contrasted with only using visual cues.
Lukasiewicz, Marek, Quaranta, Giuseppe, Zanoni, Andrea
Development and Demonstration of a Critical Rotorcraft Safety System: Advanced Helicopter Seating SystemF-0080-2024-11955/7/2024
The Advanced Helicopter Seating System (AHSS) was started as an effort to evaluate and improve the current state of military rotorcraft seating. The overall goal of the program has been to improve pilot ergonomics and safety through the integration of advanced energy absorption and vibration reduction mechanisms as well as a broad approach to system integration based around updated occupant anthropometrics. An entirely new seating solution has been developed, with intent to integrate with the AH-64 Apache platform for demonstration purposes. The AH-64 development culminated with a series of static tests and dynamic test events to measure the effectiveness of the safety systems integrated on the seat as compared to the legacy AH-64 seating system. While lumbar load data and seat stroke data was obtained, issues with the anthropomorphic test device (ATD) configuration at the 95th male configuration caused some data to be suspect, and premature failure of several components also caused
Minton, Tyrone, Crocco, John, Richards, Marvin
INTEGRATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF GENEVA MECHANISM IN THE CAR DOOR HANDLE2024-26-02851/16/2024
The car door handle is an essential component of any vehicle, as it plays a crucial role in providing access to the cabin and ensuring safety of the passenger. The primary function of the car door handle is to allow entry and exit from the vehicle while preventing unauthorized access. In addition to this, car door handles also play a critical role in ensuring passenger safety by keeping the door closed during accidents or when there is a significant amount of G-force acting on the vehicle. A typical car door handle comprises several components including the structure, cover, Bowden lever, bracket, pins and other child parts. The structure provides the ergonomics and rigidity for grabbing the handle, while the cover gives the handle an aesthetic appearance. The Bowden lever facilitates the unlatching of the door and the intermediate parts ensure that the handle operates smoothly. The position of the Bowden lever is crucial for the unlatching process and for keeping the door closed
Kumar, Vinayak
HEADLINER COMPOSITION OPTIMIZATION WITHOUT COMPROMISING THE SAFETY AND PERFORMANCE2024-26-01901/16/2024
Reducing material wherever there is a possibility in automobile industry is inevitable for weight and cost saving. This paper explains about the possibilities of optimizing the material composition of automotive Headliners (also called as Roof liners) without affecting the performance and safety criteria. In this paper, we are targeting at optimizing the individual constituents of a composite Headliner. A conventional Headliner comprises of many sandwich layers of which PU foam shares the major percentage of the composition contributing to 80% of the Headliner thickness. In this paper, we are discussing about the optimization done in Headliner sandwich constituents without affecting the core performance parameters of Headliner such as curtain airbag deployment, ergonomic regulations, drop test etc. By incorporating this change, without significant changes in other layers, overall weight reduction of ~5% and overall thickness reduction of ~15% is achieved. Key words: PU- Polyurethane
D, GOWTHAM, VADLA, VILAS, BHASKARARAO, PATHIVADA, sai, Konduru, bornare, harshad, RITESH, KAKADE, Deoli, Manish, Kakani, Phani Kumar
Items per page:
1 – 50 of 5711