Browse Topic: Seats and seating

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Static Seat Comfort CAE DOE Variation Study to Understand the Impact of Seating Adjustment and Occupant Posture on Seat Pressure Distribution2024-26-028701/16/2024
The automotive seat has undergone significant advancements in technology due to changing customer demands, levels of autonomy and vehicle regulations. These advancements have presented both opportunities and challenges in creating a pleasant experience for customers by ensuring optimal seat comfort and a joyful human experience. Seats are always being built to accommodate different percentiles of occupant comfort requirements; original equipment manufacturers come up with various seating adjustment features. However, there is considerable variation among each percentile of occupants in how they utilize these features to achieve a comfortable seating position based on their unique preferences and circumstances. Additionally, there are variations in occupant postures due to the ways people have adapted their driving habits or styles when it comes to the way they sit. The objective of this paper is to understand the sensitivity of seat adjustments and occupant postures on static seat
H S, Rakesh, Lal G M, Sherin, Rahmani, Reza
Technical Paper
Auto lock of manual seat track adjustment in passenger vehicles2024-26-000101/16/2024
Vehicle seats are provided with a facility to adjust the seat forward or rearward. Seating positions can be adjusted according to the comfort of the occupants. Seat track position plays an important role in airbag deployment during vehicle crash. A hand lever is used to manually adjust the seat track in some vehicles by pulling up the lever and releasing it after the appropriate seating position has been adjusted. All the safety manuals provided by OEMs warns about the adjustment of seat track position as forward or rearward during vehicle movement. It is high risk because of any rapid movements due to unexpected road conditions might result in driver losing control of the pedals and steering wheel and this may leads to severe injuries and even can cause fatalities. The proposed system in this paper is focused to provide more safety to the driver with a new method " Auto lock of manual seat track adjustment in passenger vehicles”. The proposed system shall be integrated with Body
Nalagatla, Karthik, S, Deepak Kumar, Jamadar, Tohidanjum
Technical Paper
Child Injury Pattern and Mechanism Differences Based on the Front Seat Occupancy Status in Rear Impacts with Severe Structural Intrusions from the Rear2024-26-000501/16/2024
Child crash injury protection in severe rear impact chiefly depends on how well the rear survival space bounded by the vehicle structure is maintained. Previous research and studies have shown the ill effects of front seatback collapse intruding into the rear child survival space from the front with minor or no intrusions from the rear. This paper shows the child injury pattern and fatal injury mechanism for a rear impact crash with a severe compartment intrusion from the rear without any front seat occupant. Furthermore, it compares the injury outcome with a similar crash and severe intrusion in the presence of the front occupant employing a full-scale vehicle-to-vehicle crash test. A detailed real-world crash investigation is conducted to identify the injury mechanism. It is compared with the outcome of similar severity rear impact vehicle-to-vehicle crash tests producing different injury patterns. The comparison and the analysis show that the survival space intrusion due to safety
Thorbole, Chandrashekhar
Technical Paper
Cabin noise modeling for seat location variation using AI and Machine Learning2025-01-012905/05/2023
Analyzing acoustic performance in large and complex assemblies, such as vehicle cabins, can be a time-intensive process, especially when considering the impact of seat location variations on noise levels. This paper explores the use of AI and machine learning to streamline this analysis by predicting the effects of different seat configurations on cabin noise, particularly at the driver’s ear level. The study begins by establishing a baseline simulation of cabin noise and generating training data for various seat location scenarios. This data is then used to train an AI model capable of predicting the noise impact of further seat adjustments. These predictions are validated through detailed simulations. The paper discusses the accuracy of these predictions, the challenges encountered, and provides insights into the effective use of AI and machine learning in acoustic analysis for cabin noise, with a specific emphasis on seat location as a key variable. Keywords: Acoustic analysis, AI
Kottalgi, Santosh, Banerjee, Bhaskar
Technical Paper
Zero-Gravity Body Posture Influences Acupressure Massage ChairTBMG-3817812/01/2020
Spinoff is NASA’s annual publication featuring successfully commercialized NASA technology. This commercialization has contributed to the development of products and services in the fields of health and medicine, consumer goods, transportation, public safety, computer technology, and environmental resources.
Magazine Article
The Effect of Change in Assembly Sequence on Permanent Strain of Cab Suspension Console02-13-02-001108/20/2020
Heavy commercial vehicles play an important role in creating the trade and economic balance of countries. Also, the durability and safety of heavy commercial vehicles come to the fore. Heavy commercial vehicles consist of two parts. These are the chassis area with the equipment that allows the vehicle to move and the cabin section where the driver is located. The cabin area is the most important area that ensures the highest level of driver safety. Considering that the production of trucks is increasing day by day, it is inevitable for companies to increase their R&D activities in the field of cabin and cabin suspension systems for much safer, durable, and comfortable trucks. This study aims to determine the safe torque value of the fasteners and their assembly sequence of the Cab Suspension Console, which is one of the most important connection parts in a truck and which can cause a fatal accident by breaking. In this study, the safe torque value of the fasteners of the cabin
Yildirim, Bariscan, Öztürk, Dogan
Journal Article
Motor Vehicle Seat DimensionsJ2732_202007 (Current)07/01/2020
This document provides dimensional definitions that facilitate geometric quantification and evaluation of seats. Linear, radial, and angular surface dimensions included in this document are intended to approximate shape characteristics based on defined points of interest and not as a method needed to reproduce complex surface contours. In many cases, other points across the seat surface shape may exceed or not reach the boundary defined by these simple geometric definitions. Dimensions described in this document have been designed to be measured in a CAD environment; however, many dimensions require the HPD position and attitude. This can be obtained by physically establishing H-point using benchmark or auditing procedures OR by measuring the HPD within a CAD or modelling system. Refer to the appropriate document for these procedures. Three types of seat geometry reference points and measurements have been developed: 1 Simple reference points and measurements not related to H-point. 2
Human Accom and Design Devices Stds Comm
Technical Standard
Motor Vehicle Seat DimensionsJ2732_202007-TEST-REC (Historical)07/01/2020
This document provides dimensional definitions that facilitate geometric quantification and evaluation of seats. Linear, radial, and angular surface dimensions included in this document are intended to approximate shape characteristics based on defined points of interest and not as a method needed to reproduce complex surface contours. In many cases, other points across the seat surface shape may exceed or not reach the boundary defined by these simple geometric definitions. Dimensions described in this document have been designed to be measured in a CAD environment; however, many dimensions require the HPD position and attitude. This can be obtained by physically establishing H-point using benchmark or auditing procedures OR by measuring the HPD within a CAD or modelling system. Refer to the appropriate document for these procedures. Three types of seat geometry reference points and measurements have been developed: 1 Simple reference points and measurements not related to H-point. 2
Human Accom and Design Devices Stds Comm
Technical Standard
CMG adapts ‘proactive’ seating for commercial vehiclesSAE-MA-0440806/01/2020
CMG engineers have developed proprietary software recently launched on Mercedes-Benz vehicles and adapted it for commercial trucking.
Gehm, Ryan
Magazine Article
Create the Future Contest Idea Saving LivesTBMG-3616103/01/2020
The Create the Future Design Contest was launched in 2002 by the publishers of Tech Briefs magazine to help stimulate and reward engineering innovation. The annual event has attracted more than 14,000 product design ideas from engineers, entrepreneurs, and students worldwide.
Magazine Article
Design Guidelines for Fiberboard MaterialsJ1774_201909 (Current)09/25/2019
This document provides information on the various fiberboard products, which are available for automotive application. It is intended to give engineers and designers a better understanding of product usage, characteristics, properties and industry terminology. The following sections cover these topics: 2 General Product Information 3 Design Characteristics 4 Physical/Mechanical Properties 5 Fiberboard Definitions In sections 2, 3 and 4 the fiberboard products are categorized. These sections give an overview of product types, with general information about characteristics and properties. In cases where product categories encompass more than one material or material grade, ranges were established to cover all of the products in that category. The individual companies that supply fiberboard products should be consulted for specific information about a particular product or application.
Textile and Flexible Plastics Committee
Information Report
The vehicle as a gaming device1241709/05/2019
Audi spin-off Holoride uses VR to turn the back seat into an entertainment platform.
Berman, Bradley
Magazine
H-Point Machine (HPM-II) - Procedure for H-Point Determination - Benchmarking Vehicle SeatsJ4003_201904 (Current)04/25/2019
Benchmarking is used to discover the design intent measurements for seating compartments in vehicles when these measurements are either unknown or are specified using differing measurement procedures. This document provides the specifications and procedures to establish consistent measurements for benchmarking vehicle seating positions using the H-Point Machine (HPM-II1) described in SAE J4002 and the H-Point Design tool (HPD) described in SAE J4004. The HPM-II is a physical tool used to establish key reference points and measurements in a vehicle (Figure 1). The HPD is a CAD tool that aids in the benchmarking process (see Appendix A and SAE J4004).
Human Accom and Design Devices Stds Comm
Technical Standard
Comparison Study of Malaysian Driver Seating Position in SAEJ1517 Accommodation Model06-12-02-000604/08/2019
A key element in an ergonomically designed driver’s seat in a car is the correct identification of driver seating position and posture accommodation. Current practice by the automotive Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) is to utilize the Society of Automotive Engineering (SAE) J1517 standard practice as a reference. However, it was found that utilizing such guidelines, which were developed based on the American population, did not fit well with the anthropometry and stature of the Malaysian population. This research seeks to address this issue by comparing the SAE J1517 Model against Malaysian preferred driving position. A total of 62 respondents were involved for the driver seating position and accommodation study in the vehicle driver’s seat buck mockup survey and measurements. The results have shown that the Malaysian drivers prefer to sit forward as compared to the SAE J1517 Model and have shorter posture joint angle. This could significantly affect the design of the driver seat
Rashid, Zuli’zam, Bakar, Nooh Abu, Dolah, Rozzeta, Ghazilla, Raja Ariffin Raja
Journal Article
Vibration Control of an Active Seat Suspension System Integrated Pregnant Woman Body Model2019-01-017204/02/2019
Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is effective, popular and cost effective for a lot of scientific and engineering applications. In this paper, PID and fuzzy-self-tuning PID (FSTPID) controllers are applied to improve the performance of an active seat suspension system to enhance the pregnant woman comfort. The equations of motion of thirteen-degrees-of-freedom (13-DOF) active seat suspension system incorporating pregnant woman body model are derived and simulated. PID gains are tuned and estimated using genetic algorithm (GA) to formulate GA PID controller. In FSTPID, fuzzy logic technique is used to tune PID controller gains by selecting appropriate fuzzy rules using Matlab/Simulink software. Both controlled active seat suspension systems are compared with a passive seat suspension. Suspension performance is evaluated under bump and random road excitations in order to verify the success of the proposed controllers. Theoretical results reveal that the proposed
Ali, Shaimaa A., Metered, H., Bassiuny, A. M, Abdel-Ghany, AM
Technical Paper
Effect of Fabric Parameters on Phenomena of Electrostatic Charge Generation2019-01-046404/02/2019
Electrostatic charge generation in fabric is a common phenomenon. This phenomenon of charge generation & transfer of the same to human body is more in case of fabrics made of polyester yarns due to interface property of the material. The charge generation may result in attraction of dust on the fabric surface, clinginess & may also result in uncomfortable shock to the human body. This situation is attributed to various parameters such as fabric construction, yarn properties, yarn finish & various coating on the yarn. Since, polyester fabric is prime material used in seating; there have been many incidences of rubbing of seat fabric to human body, resulting in generation of static charge. This study focuses on understanding the effect of various fabric parameters on electrostatic charge generation. The study will also look into various potential solutions to reduce the charge generation with their merits and demerits.
Kumari, Sarita, Maheshwari, Pankaj
Technical Paper
A Study on Control Logic Design for Power Seat2019-01-046604/02/2019
The large luxury sedan seat has a 22-way Movement. It offers a wide range of adjustments to enhance passenger comfort performance while it has many constraints on movement in constrained indoor space. In addition, the power seat is operated by a motor, which makes it difficult for the user to determine the amount of adjustment, unlike determining the amount of adjustment by the power and feel of a person, such as manual seat adjustment. IMS, one-touch mode, is also constrained by parameters such as indoor space package, user's lifestyle, etc. during function playback. This paper aims to design the seat control logic to achieve the best seat comfort while satisfying each constraint.{"list":{"list-type":"bullet","list-item":[{"p":"Increase robustness of power seat control logic."},{"p":"Provide optimal adjustments and comfort at each location."},{"p":"Offer differentiated custom control and seating modes for each seat."},{"p":"Improve customer satisfaction and quality by upgrading
Kwon, Misun, Lee, Taehoon, Park, Sangdo
Technical Paper
An Experimental Investigation of Squeak Noise for the Fabric and Plastic of Automotive Seat2019-01-142903/25/2019
Recently, one of major problems in automotive industry is squeak noise between two different materials. It is the most severe case that the noise between automobile seat and other relative parts (or within seat parts). Especially, seat covering is generated to unfavorable sound by friction of other parts. The purpose of this research is to verify and suggest a way to reduce squeak noise between seat covering and plastic at relative parts. Test results were reported with 1 to 10 Risk Priority Number (RPN) which was proposed by VDA (Verband der Automotilindustrie). It was conducted as a test with two different types of seat trim cover (knit) and plastics (PC+ABS) applied at arm rest in automotive interior. Through the principle test, the knit were more advantageous for squeak noise than other fabrics around relative part of seat particularly with suede, tricot and PC+ABS. We also optimized the concentration of soft agent in knit for slipping through stick-slip test to moderate noise. The
Choi, Hyerin, Song, Junho, Jeong, Kie Youn
Technical Paper
CAE Methodology for Seat Assessment with H-Point Machine2018-01-132204/03/2018
Seat assessment is an important necessity for the growing auto industry. The design of seats is driven by customer’s demand of comfort and aesthetics of the vehicle interiors. Some of the few seat assessments are H-point prediction with H-point Machine (HPM); backset prediction with Head Restraint Measuring Device (HRMD); seat hardness and softness. Traditional seat development was through developing series of prototypes to meet requirements which involved higher costs and more time. The seat requirement of H-Point measurement is of focus in this paper. Though there are other commercial available software/methods to perform the H-point measurement simulations, the aim here was to assess the capabilities of an alternate Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) methodology using CAE tools - PRIMER and LS-Dyna. The pre-processing tools - Hypermesh and ANSA have been used for modeling and Hyperview tool used for reviewing the simulations. The CAE results show good correlation to test results and
Manjunath, Vinay, Tuniki, Raju, Kamalakkannan, Sarath Babu, Mathur, Mohit, Kolich, Michael
Technical Paper
Reusable Sponge Absorbs Oil from Entire Water ColumnTBMG-2720207/01/2017
When the Deepwater Horizon drilling pipe blew out seven years ago, beginning the worst oil spill in U.S. history, those in charge of the recovery discovered that the millions of gallons of oil bubbling from the sea floor weren’t all collecting on the surface where it could be skimmed or burned. Some of it was forming a plume and drifting under the surface of the ocean.
Magazine Article
New York auto show: Lincoln unveils all-new, aluminum-bodied 2018 Navigator17AUTP05_1305/01/2017
Ford's Lincoln luxury-vehicle unit revealed the 2018 Navigator fullsize SUV at the 2017 New York auto show by touting its blend of smart basic engineering and smart features. Like the recently-revealed Ford Expedition, its Lincoln counterpart is fitted with weight-saving aluminum bodywork to cut roughly 200 lb (91 kg) from the curb weight and help offset the mass of the new Navigator's copious luxury and advanced driver-assist features.
Visnic, Bill
Magazine Article
A Study of the Effect of Air-Mat Seat Pressure Level on Seating Comfort2017-01-139503/28/2017
Seat cushions are considered as one of the important factors influence the seating comfort. In the automotive seat cushions, flexible polyurethane foams have been widely used due to the cushioning performance. Automotive seat designers are paying more attention to the improvement of seat cushion properties. This study introduces an automotive seat that uses an air-mat in the seat cushion along with polyurethane foam. The air-mat can be adjusted with its internal air pressure. The objective of this paper is to examine air-mat seat pressure level on seating comfort. Vibration experiments have been performed on the BSR simulator with random vibration. Tri-axial accelerometers were used to measure vibration at the foot and hip. All measured vibration were about the vertical direction (z-axis). The whole-body vibration exposure parameters (weighted root-mean-square (RMS), vibration dose value (VDV), transmissibility (SEAT value)) were calculated per ISO 2631-1 standard. The air-mat internal
Park, Se Jin, Subramaniyam, Murali, Hong, Seunghee, Kim, Damee, Kim, Tae Hyun, Cho, Dong Woo, Shim, Bum Il
Technical Paper
Optimum Seat Cooling Distribution for Targeted Human Thermal Comfort®2017-01-017003/28/2017
Seat cooling and heating strategies have enhanced human thermal comfort in automotive environments. Cooling/heating strategies also need to focus on the distribution of the seat cooling/heating power across the seat and the effect of such distributions on human thermal comfort. This paper studies the effect of active cooling combined with ventilation only strategy on thermal comfort. As part of the study, heat flux between the occupant and seat is mapped and is correlated to a step increase in the occupant’s local thermal comfort of body segments in contact with seat. A human physiological model and the Berkeley comfort model were combined to determine power and optimum placement of cooling to effectively cool an occupant using a climate control seat in a warm environment. This leads to a new approach using asymmetric seat cooling to distribute cooling power resulting in improved and balanced subjective comfort than traditional climate seat and ventilation technologies. A computational
Velivelli, Aditya, Guerithault, Daniel, Stöwe, Stefan
Journal Article
I.D. Buzz: VW's latest future-look Microbus17AUTP02_1402/01/2017
It's a VW Microbus for future generations, an electric van capable of fully autonomous driving. But at this point, it's only a concept. “We want to re-ignite America's love for Volkswagen. And we are fully committed to the future of mobility-smart, sustainable, affordable-that is the new Volkswagen,” proclaimed Dr. Herbert Diess, Chairman of the Board of Management for the Volkswagen Brand.
Buchholz, Kami
Magazine Article
Airbus brings four dimensions to Airspace16MEIP06_1306/01/2016
As Airbus looks to launch new-engine option (neo) aircraft, it has announced it is also launching a new cabin brand it calls “Airspace by Airbus.” In essence, Airbus is hoping that its Airspace will enhance the passenger experience just as the new engines will enhance the airlines' bottom line due to efficiency increases. Culminating in what Airbus describes as “the best of [its] cabin innovation and design,” Airspace offers “a flexible canvas as a back-drop to enhance the airlines' own brands.” The new cabin is being touted as offering a more relaxing and functional environment for the passenger while optimizing space utilization. It will be launched with the A330neo wide-body airliner, which is inspired by the cabin of its in-service sibling, the A350 XWB.
Broge, Jean L.
Magazine Article
Evaluation of the Seat Index Point Tool for Military Seats2016-01-030904/05/2016
This study evaluated the ISO 5353 Seat Index Point Tool (SIPT) as an alternative to the SAE J826 H-point manikin for measuring military seats. A tool was fabricated based on the ISO specification and a custom back-angle measurement probe was designed and fitted to the SIPT. Comparisons between the two tools in a wide range of seating conditions showed that the mean SIP location was 5 mm aft of the H-point, with a standard deviation of 7.8 mm. Vertical location was not significantly different between the two tools (mean - 0.7 mm, sd 4.0 mm). A high correlation (r=0.9) was observed between the back angle measurements from the two tools. The SIPT was slightly more repeatable across installations and installers than the J826 manikin, with most of the discrepancy arising from situations with flat seat cushion angles and either unusually upright or reclined back angles that caused the J826 manikin to be unstable. The investigators who performed the measurements indicated that the SIPT was
Reed, Matthew, Ebert-Hamilton, Sheila
Journal Article
AS2081 Distance Bush. Pilot's Seat Raising GearAS2081-6 (Current)12/04/2015
No scope available.
Engine and Airframe Technical Standards Committee (TSC)
Technical Standard
AS2130 Crew Seat 25gAS2130-8 (Current)12/04/2015
No scope available.
Engine and Airframe Technical Standards Committee (TSC)
Technical Standard
AS2514 Insert for Seating (Filler Cap)AS2514-3 (Current)12/04/2015
No scope available.
Engine and Airframe Technical Standards Committee (TSC)
Technical Standard
AS2513 Seating for Filler CapAS2513-4 (Current)12/04/2015
No scope available.
Engine and Airframe Technical Standards Committee (TSC)
Technical Standard
AGS609 Alternative Filler Seating. (Ring Type for Necks)AGS609-9 (Current)12/03/2015
No scope available.
Engine and Airframe Technical Standards Committee (TSC)
Technical Standard
Universal Robotically Operated Leave-Behind GripperTBMG-2323011/01/2015
This universal robotically operated leavebehind gripper allows robotic (or extravehicular activity — EVA) attachment capability of any object at eight existing types of attachments at the International Space Station (ISS). It enables expansion of external stowage and payload sites to include hundreds to thousands of available, existing sites at ISS, without EVA.
Magazine Article
Automotive Speech Intelligibility Measurements2015-01-233706/15/2015
Speech communication from the front seat to the rear seat in a passenger vehicle can be difficult. This is particularly true in a vehicle with an acoustically absorptive interior. Speech Transmission Index (STI) measurements can quantify the speech intelligibility, but they require specialized signal processing. The STI calculations can be simplified if it is assumed that reverberation and echoes play an insignificant role in an automobile. A simplification of a STI measurement is described that uses a stationary reference speech signal from a talker mannequin in the driver's seat to create a signal at the rear passenger positions. On-road noise measurements are used for the noise level and the calculated signal to noise ratio is used to calculate a simplified STI value that tracks closely to a full implementation of the STI method for sedans. In fact, this method is very similar to the techniques described in the Articulation Index (AI) and Speech Interference Index (SII) standards
Ebbitt, Gordon, Remtema, Todd
Journal Article
Space Grant Research Launches Rehabilitation ChairTBMG-3608405/01/2015
A stay on the International Space Station is no vacation. During a visit to the orbiting National Laboratory, astronauts divide their time among a variety of tasks. For one, they look after a multitude of space-based science experiments. For another, they clean and check the station’s equipment—inside and out. They also spend a significant amount of time doing something you might not expect: exercising.
Magazine Article
An Improved Human Biodynamic Model Considering the Interaction between Feet and Ground2015-01-061204/14/2015
Nowadays, studying the human body response in a seated position has attracted a lot of attention as environmental vibrations are transferred to the human body through floor and seat. This research has constructed a multi-body biodynamic human model with 17 degrees of freedom (DOF), including the backrest support and the interaction between feet and ground. Three types of human biodynamic models are taken into consideration: the first model doesn't include the interaction between the feet and floor, the second considers the feet and floor interaction by using a high stiffness spring, the third one includes the interaction by using a soft spring. Based on the whole vehicle model, the excitation to human body through feet and back can be obtained by ride simulation. The simulation results indicate that the interaction between feet and ground exerts non-negligible effect upon the performance of the whole body vibration by comparing the three cases.
Zhang, Weiguo, Ma, Zeyu, Jin, Ankang, Yang, James, Zhang, Yunqing
Journal Article
Adoption of Floating Seat in a Vehicle to Reduce Seat Vibration2015-01-112204/14/2015
Seat vibration when a vehicle is idling or in motion is an issue in automobile development. In order to reduce this vibration, dynamic damper or inertia mass is widely used. These countermeasures increases vehicle's weight and causes bad fuel-efficiency. Some new ways to reduce the vibration without weight increase are needed. One of that is the floating seat. Seat vibration has been reduced by controlling seat resonance frequencies. In order to control resonance frequency, the structures of the seat-mounting unit are replaced with floating structures using rubber bushings. It was demonstrated that partially replacing the mounting unit with floating structures makes it possible to control the resonance frequencies of the entire seat. The issue of balancing vibration reduction with strength and durability and crash safety performance caused by the fitting of rubber bushings to the seat-mounting unit was addressed using stopper structures optimized for each type of input. To adopt the
Yabe, Kengo, Inagaki, Toru, Kondo, Takashi
Technical Paper
Heated Seat Simulation Study for Thermal Seat Comfort Improvement2015-01-139104/14/2015
Optimizing climate seat systems requires increased complexity in seat design which in turn is driving a need for more detailed thermal simulation methods. This paper presents the model development considerations and results of a thermal simulation study aimed at improving the thermal seat comfort experience of Hyundai-Kia's heated seating systems.
Ziolek, Scott Allen, Pryor, Joshua, Schwenn, Tony, Steinman, Adam
Journal Article
Assessment of Compressive Thoracolumbar Injury Potential and Influence of Seat Cushions on Vertical Impact Loading of a Seated Occupant2015-01-915104/01/2015
Thoracolumbar vertebral fractures are most commonly due to compressive loading modes and associated with falls from height. Two injury metrics are generally referenced for assessing the potential for compressive thoracolumbar injury; the Dynamic Response Index (DRI) and the compressive load measured between the pelvis and lumbar spine using the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) title 49 part 572 subpart B anthropomorphic test device (ATD). This study utilizes an ATD to investigate the injury mitigation potential of a variety of seat cushions during vertical impact in an unrestrained seated posture. ATD responses and DRI are reported for 65 vertical impacts with and without cushions from heights between 4 and 80 inches. The cushions investigated reduced ATD peak pelvic acceleration 63 +/− 11% and compressive lumbar load 42 +/− 9% on average. Results indicate a drop height of approximately 19 inches onto a rigid surface will generate ATD lumbar loads of 1500 lbs, whereas drop heights of
Winkel, Eric S., Toomey, Daniel E., Taylor, Robert
Journal Article
Method for Subjective Long Term Seat Comfort Evaluation2014-01-046104/01/2014
Seat comfort is an important factor in the development of a vehicle; however, comfort can be measured in many ways. Many aspects of the experimental design such as the duration of the drive test, the questions asked, and the make-up of the test subjects are known to influence comfort results. This paper provides the background methodology and results of a Seat comfort study aimed at assessing long-term driving seat comfort.
Ziolek, Scott Allen
Technical Paper
Automotive Engineering International 2013-09-1713AEID091709/17/2013
Seating solutions steer toward steel Zoomy-looking designs and alternative materials are eye-catching and save weight, but steel keeps getting lighter.
Magazine
The Front Center Airbag2013-01-115604/08/2013
General Motors and the Takata Corporation have worked together to bring to production a new, industry first technology called the Front Center Airbag which is being implemented on General Motors' 2013 Midsize Crossover Vehicles. This paper reviews field data, describes the hardware, and presents occupant test data to demonstrate in-position performance in far side impacts. The Front Center Airbag is an airbag that mounts to the inboard side of the driver front seat. It has a tubular cushion structure, and it deploys between the front seating positions in far side impacts, near side impacts and rollovers, with the cushion positioning itself adjacent the driver occupant's head and torso. This paper includes pictures of the technology along with a basic description of the design. In-position occupant performance is also described and illustrated with several examples. Single occupant and two front occupant far side impact test data are included, both with and without the airbag present
Thomas, Scott D., Wiik, Richard A., Brown, Jacqueline E.
Journal Article
CONES, REAR, PROPELLER HUBAS93E (Current)03/12/2013
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Technical Standard
Load Deflection Testing of Urethane Foams for Automotive SeatingJ815_201211 (Current)11/19/2012
Traditionally, cellular foam products have been checked for load deflection by determining the load required to cause a 25% deflection. In automotive seating, on the other hand, the load deflection is checked by determining the thickness under constant force conditions to (a) indicate the initial softness of the seat cushion, (b) measure how thick the seat cushion is under the average passenger load (a measurement of padding left for "ride" and seated height), and (c) determine a value to indicate resiliency. In this method these measurements are made by determining the thickness of the seat cushion under fixed loads of 4.5 N, 110 N, and 220 N with a 323 cm2 circular indentor foot.
Textile and Flexible Plastics Committee
Technical Standard
No time to sit still12AEID0619_0106/19/2012
Seat developers are revising architectures and components to provide more functions at lower costs. Seat developers are continuing to broaden the number of electronically controlled features and functions, forcing engineers to alter strategies to cut costs so systems can be deployed beyond luxury vehicles. Engineers are redrawing their architectures, distributing intelligence, and pulling functions into centralized controllers while also revising strategies on motors and sensors. Functions such as positioning and heating continue to offer more versatility, in some instances becoming so complex that consumers must use smartphones or tablets to get the right settings. At the same time, new functions including safety-related vibrations and enhanced lighting are also being integrated into seats.
Costlow, Terry
Magazine Article
Automotive Engineering International 2012-06-1912AEID061906/19/2012
No time to sit still Seat developers are revising architectures and components to provide more functions at lower costs.
Magazine
Headform Impact Tests to Assess Energy Management of Seat Back Contact Points Associated with Head Injury for Pediatric Occupants2012-01-056104/16/2012
Head injuries are the most common injuries sustained by children in motor vehicle crashes regardless of age, restraint and crash direction. Previous research identified the front seat back as relevant contact point associated with head injuries sustained by restrained rear seated child occupants. The objective of this study was to conduct a test series of headform impacts to seat backs to evaluate the energy management characteristics of relevant contact points for pediatric head injury. A total of eight seats were tested: two each of 2007 Ford Focus, Toyota Corolla, 2006 Volvo S40, and 2008 Volkswagen Golf. Five to six contact points were chosen for each unique seat model guided by contact locations determined from real world crashes. Each vehicle seat was rigidly mounted in the center track position with the seatback angle adjusted to 70 degrees above the horizontal. A 3.5 kg child pedestrian headform was fired at a velocity of 24 km/h (6.67 m/s) in accordance to FMVSS 201 at 22
Arbogast, Kristy B., Maltese, Matthew R., Locey, Caitlin, Bohman, Katarina
Journal Article
Improving Wheelchair ErgonomicsTBMG-1332404/01/2012
Engineers at Empa, a Swiss interdisciplinary research and services institution, are working together with the firm «r going» to develop an ergonomic seat for electric wheelchairs that encourages the user to move around frequently. The aim is to enhance the freedom of movement of wheelchair users with a range of disabilities.
Magazine Article
Automotive Engineering International 2012-03-0612AEID030603/06/2012
Safe and sane Driver distraction, demand for connectivity, and infotainment raise new challenges in combining consumer technologies and cars. Thin on the inside Seat suppliers apply ingenuity to reduce the weight of traditional steel seat frames while trimming away foam to make smaller cars roomier. Early simulation enhances product development While simulating before design may seem to upend the traditional view of product development, many companies are realizing the benefits.
Magazine Issue
PLM Hub 2.0 for Aircraft Seat Development1114003/01/2012
With over 70% of content provided by partners to the prime aircraft OEM manufacturer, in order to be efficient and competitive it is critical that all stakeholders in the process can communicate seamlessly and with the same data. This video illustrates how the Dassault Syst�mes PLM Hub 2.0 connects all contributors involved in product development via a remote, online environment, allowing them to share secure data and applications. In this hub architecture, each party is interconnected with the others, forming a harmonized, more competitive whole. Advantages of the system include the ability to spread common development methods throughout the extended enterprise, provide up-to-date context data for everyone in the design chain, and conduct short-loop multi-disciplinary impact studies. The example used to illustrate the effectiveness of this approach revolves around the design of a new airlines seat that needed to be reconfigured to provide easier access of the seatback tray and monitor
Mondro, Ellen
Video
Experimental Walking Assist Device With Body Weight Support SystemTBMG-1023306/01/2011
An experimental walking assist device has been developed to help support body weight and reduce the load on the user’s legs while walking, going up and down stairs, and in a semi-crouching position. The device reduces the load on leg muscles and joints (in the hip, knees, and ankles) by supporting a portion of the person’s body weight. It features a simple structure consisting of seat, frame, and shoes, and the user can put it on by simply wearing the shoes and lifting the seat into position. Moreover, a mechanism that directs the assisting force toward the user’s center of gravity and the ability to control the assist force in concert with the movement of the legs make it possible for the device to provide natural assistance in various postures and motions.
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