This Information Report provides recommendations for alphanumeric messages that are supplied to the vehicle by external (e.g., RDS, satellite radio) or internal (e.g., infotainment system) sources while the vehicle is in-motion. Information/design recommendations contained in this report apply to OEM (embedded) and aftermarket systems. Ergonomic issues with regard to display characteristics (e.g., viewing angle, brightness, contrast, font design, etc.) should review ISO 15008.

Driver Vehicle Interface (DVI) Committee

Parametric Modelling and Performance Analysis of HVAC Defroster Duct Using Robust Optimization Methodology

2020-01-125004/14/2020

Thermal comfort and safety of automotive passengers are the most important factors in the development of the automotive HVAC system. HVAC system is responsible for the demisting and defrosting of the vehicle’s windows and for creating/maintaining a pleasant environment inside the cabin by controlling airflow and temperature. Fog or ice which forms on the windshield is the main reason for invisibility and leads to major safety issue to the customers while driving. It has been shown that proper clear visibility for the windshield could be obtained with a better flow pattern and uniform flow distribution in the defrost mode of the HVAC system and defrost duct. Defroster performance has received significant attention from OEMs to meet the specific global performance standards of FMVSS103 and SAE J902. Therefore, defroster performance is seriously taken into consideration during the design of HVAC system and defroster duct. The HVAC unit provides hot air to the defroster duct which is

Khan, Mohsin, Khan, Mohsin, Valencia, Manuel, Garikipati, Nagababu, Garikipati, Nagababu, Marginean, Calin

Superior Interiors

20AVEP01_0301/01/2020

New-mobility thinking is changing how vehicle interiors will work for everyone. Future-vehicle interior renderings have always stoked our imaginations for what may be possible in the cabin environment. Automated vehicle (AV) developments, including high-function driver assistance features and mobility as a service (MaaS), are bringing new dimensions to those possibilities. Ironically, while near-term prospects for privately-owned autonomous (SAE Level 4) AVs have hit the hype curve's downward slope, research and development into how passengers will interact with new-mobility technology promises interior designs and features that will likely be on the market long before most consumers experience self-driving cars.

Visnic, Bill

Crew Station Lighting - Commercial Aircraft

ARP1161B (Current)

10/18/2019

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice covers the recommended requirements for the lighting and characteristics of instruments; information plates and displays, emergency, cautionary, advisory and status displays; circuit breaker and toggle switch positions; and the recommended requirements for the utility lighting system.

A-20A Crew Station Lighting Committee

Design Guidelines for Fiberboard Materials

J1774_201909 (Current)09/25/2019

This document provides information on the various fiberboard products, which are available for automotive application. It is intended to give engineers and designers a better understanding of product usage, characteristics, properties and industry terminology. The following sections cover these topics: 2 General Product Information 3 Design Characteristics 4 Physical/Mechanical Properties 5 Fiberboard Definitions In sections 2, 3 and 4 the fiberboard products are categorized. These sections give an overview of product types, with general information about characteristics and properties. In cases where product categories encompass more than one material or material grade, ranges were established to cover all of the products in that category. The individual companies that supply fiberboard products should be consulted for specific information about a particular product or application.

Textile and Flexible Plastics Committee

Flight Deck Lighting for Commercial Transport Aircraft

ARP4103A (Current)

09/17/2019

This document recommends design and performance criteria for aircraft lighting systems used to illuminate flight deck controls, luminous visual displays used for transfer of information, and flight deck background and instrument surfaces that form the flight deck visual environment. This document is for commercial transport aircraft except for applications requiring night vision compatibility.

A-20A Crew Station Lighting Committee

Coating, Reflection-Reducing for Instrument Glasses

AMS2521D (Current)02/11/2019

This specification covers optical-quality coatings applied to instrument glasses.

AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee

Effectiveness of Vehicle Cool Glove Box and Analysis of Parameters Effecting Cool Glove Box Performance

2018-01-006904/03/2018

People needs and expectations from vehicles have changed. One of the need is to maintain the temperature of beverages without use of any external source. Cool Glove Box is a feature in which cool air from automotive HVAC system is used to maintain the temperature of the beverages in passenger vehicles. There are various parameters which play a vital role in maintaining the temperature of the beverages and to reduce the rise in temperature. The effectiveness of cool Glove Box is tested in vehicle in an environmental controlled chamber and impact of various parameters which affects the performance are studied. The Glove Box with cooling feature located on bottom of instrumental panel with good sealing and having high air flow directly from HVAC unit will have good cooling performance.

Janampally, Sandeep Kumar Reddy, Lingampelly, Rajaprasad, Sonti, Vijay Bhaskar

Flight Compartment Glare

ARP6161 (Historical)

10/18/2017

This document is a tool for the certifying authority, cockpit designers, instrument suppliers, lighting suppliers, and component suppliers. It is an aid to understanding and meeting relavant regulatory requirements, particularly those relating to pilot compartment view {CFR 25.773(a)(2)} and instrument lights {25.1381(a)(2)} for glare arising from visible eletromagnetic radiation.

A-20A Crew Station Lighting Committee

Optimizing the Design of Liquid Cooled Avionics System through the Use of Characterized 3D CFD Simulations in a 1D System Simulation

2017-01-202009/19/2017

Modern military aircraft platforms are using more and more power which results in an ever increasing power density (SWaP). This in turn, generates more heat that has to be dissipated from the instrument panel and cockpit of the aircraft. Complicating this further is that the use of structural composites which are not efficient conductors of heat and the mission requirements of small heat signatures. Therefore alternative means of extracting the heat from the avionics systems must be used. Liquid cooled systems have the advantage over air cooled systems of a much higher heat transfer rate and the fact that the heat can be transported a significant distance from the source. Liquid cooled avionics have their own challenges as well. The architecture of the components (cold plates, etc.) used for extracting the heat from the electronics component must be optimized to perform consistently and reliably while maintaining the smallest footprint possible in the already crowded instrument panel

Croegaert, Michael

Products of Tomorrow — March 2017

TBMG-2652803/01/2017

This column presents technologies that have applications in commercial areas, possibly creating the products of tomorrow. To learn more about each technology, see the contact information provided for that innovation.

Variably Transmittive, Electronically Controlled Eyewear

TBMG-2617901/01/2017

During instrument flight training, the pilot must have his/her view through the aircraft windscreen restricted to simulate low-visibility conditions while permitting the pilot to view the instrument panel. In one current method, a hood is draped across the aircraft windscreen, or a face mask or blackened glasses are worn by the pilot. All such current methods create potentially hazardous disorientation and an unnatural environment for the trainee. In particular, the face mask and blackened glasses restrict the pilot’s peripheral vision, and require uncomfortable and unnatural head positions in order to see the entire instrument panel.

Instrument and Cockpit Lighting for Commercial Transport Aircraft

AS264F (Current)08/29/2016

The desired system for aircraft instrument panel and cockpit lighting is one that will furnishlight of adequate intensity and distribution under all conditions of external lighting so that the crew may read instrumentation, placards, check lists, manuals, maps, instrument color coding, distinguish controls, etc., without undue interference with their vision outside of the aircraft.

A-20A Crew Station Lighting Committee

Climate Control Load Reduction Strategies for Electric Drive Vehicles in Cold Weather

2016-01-026204/05/2016

When operated, the cabin climate control system is the largest auxiliary load on a vehicle. This load has significant impact on fuel economy for conventional and hybrid vehicles, and it drastically reduces the driving range of all-electric vehicles (EVs). Heating is even more detrimental to EV range than cooling because no engine waste heat is available. Reducing the thermal loads on the vehicle climate control system will extend driving range and increase the market penetration of EVs. Researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory have evaluated strategies for vehicle climate control load reduction with special attention toward grid-connected electric vehicles. Outdoor vehicle thermal testing and computational modeling were used to assess potential strategies for improved thermal management and to evaluate the effectiveness of thermal load reduction technologies. A human physiology model was also used to evaluate the impact on occupant thermal comfort. Experimental

Jeffers, Matthew A., Chaney, Larry, Rugh, John P.

Factors in Annoyance Due to Windshield Reflection of the Outline of the Head-up Display

2016-01-141704/05/2016

The use of a head-up display (HUD) system has become popular recently, as it can provide feedback information at a position easily seen by the driver. However, the outline of the HUD bezel often reflects on the windshield of a HUD equipped vehicle. This phenomenon occurs when the sun is at a high position and reflects off the top of the instrument panel and the front view is dark. For this reason, it can occur when driving on asphalt paved roads, causing annoyance to the driver. Under fixed environmental conditions, the vehicle based factors that influence the annoyance caused by reflected boundary lines are the position of the reflection, line thickness, and the contrast of the reflected boundary line. These can be represented by the conspicuity of a striped pattern (contrast sensitivity function). In previous research in 1991, M. S. Banks et al. studied a contrast sensitivity function that included the factors stated above. However, they did not use the bright conditions that would

Fukui, Toshinao, Nakamoto, Kazuhiko, Satake, Hiroyuki

Simplified CAE Models for Upfront Development of Instrument Panel

2016-01-052404/05/2016

The Automotive industry’s use of digital technology such as Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) to perform virtual validation has progressed to effectively replace a large percentage of physical validation. This is primarily due to the increased accuracy and cost/time efficiencies that virtual validation offers compared to conventional physical prototyping and testing. With product development (PD) cycles becoming more compressed, CAE has assumed a more significant role in early, advanced design and structural evaluation. One of the areas where CAE is widely employed is in development of the Instrument Panel (IP) commonly referred to as the dashboard. For the purposes of this study, the term IP represents the plastic/polymer structure only, and not the full IP sub-system. The IP sub-system includes the structural member, the Cross Car Beam (CCB) assembly and all the IP mounted modules. The primary objective of this exercise is to guide upfront IP design using a simplified representation

Pisipati, Venkat, Krishnaraj, Srikanth, Webb, Amy McGuckin, Kandukuri, Pavankumar Reddy

An Automated Head Impact Development for Automobile Instrument Panel Application

2016-01-137004/05/2016

During the course of automobile Instrument Panel (IP) design development, the occupant head impact CAE simulation on IP are routinely performed to validate FMVSS201 requirements. Based on FMVSS201 requirements, the potential head impact zones on the IP are first identified. Then, the head impact zones are used to locate the various target points that must be impacted on IP. Once the critical target locations on IP are chosen, there are several computational steps that are required to calculate impact angles and head form (HF) center of rotation in reference to target points. Then, CAE engineer performs a repetitive process that involves positioning each individual HF with proper impact angle, assigning initial velocity to HF, and defining surface contacts within the finite element model (FEM). To simplify these lengthy manual steps, a commercially available software HyperMesh® CAE software tool is used to automate these steps. The automation scripting tool is based on TCL programming

Farahani, Vali, Maaita, Salamah, Jayanthi, Aditya

In-Vehicle Visual Hindrance Free Positioning of Instrument Cluster

2015-01-283809/29/2015

In-vehicle displays such as an instrument cluster in a vehicle provide vital information to the user. The information in terms of displays and tell-tales needs to be perceived by the user with minimal glance during driving. Drivers must recognize the condition of the vehicle and the state of its surroundings through primarily visual means. Drivers then process this in the brain, draw on their memory to identify problem situations, decide on a plan of action and execute it in order to avoid an accident. There are visual hindrances seen in real world scenario such as obscuration, reflection and glare on the instrument cluster which prevents the vital information flow from vehicle to the driver. In order to ensure safety while driving, the instrument cluster or driver displays should be placed in an optimized location. This paper deals with how to achieve a visual hindrance free cluster position in a vehicle to protect the important information flow from the vehicle to the driver.

Ganesh, Dharmar, Mohammed, Riyaz, Krishnan, Hareesh, Rambabu, Radakrishnan

Flight Deck Lighting for Commercial Transport Aircraft - SAE ARP 4103

2015-01-253509/15/2015

The past twenty years have seen tremendous changes in the Avionics display and flight deck lighting due to the application of solid-state LED (light emitting diode) light sources and LCDs (liquid crystal displays). These advances significantly benefit the customer and pilot users when integrated correctly. This paper discusses recommended practices and guidance given in SAE ARP 4103 for modern Avionics flight deck lighting systems to satisfy the end user and obtain certification. SAE ARP 4103 Flight Deck Lighting for Commercial Transport Aircraft has recently been revised to keep up with the Avionics state-of-the-art and add clarification where needed. ARP 4103 contains recommended Avionics flight deck lighting design and performance criteria to ensure prompt and accurate readability and visibility, color identification and discrimination of needed information under all expected ambient lighting and electrical power conditions. For additional details, see the actual ARP 4103.

Ellersick, Steven Donald, Reisenauer, Bill, Jacobson, Mickey, Stephens, Newel

A Lightweight Dash Insulator Development and Engineering Application for the Vehicle NVH Improvement

2015-01-234206/15/2015

A lightweight design method of vehicle dash insulators is proposed and investigated in this paper. The lightweight dash insulator, which is composed of double layers of cotton felt with different density and a layer of polyethylene (PE) film and has 55% decrease in weight, is developed and applied in a passenger car, instead of the traditional “heavy layer-soft layer” dash insulator. To evaluate the NVH performance of the lightweight dash insulator, the noise reduction (NR) level index is calculated by using SEA simulation and the sound pressure level and sound qualities in the vehicle are tested under the driving conditions for wide open throttle acceleration in third gear and 60km/h cruising in fourth gear. The simulation and test results show that the vehicle with the lightweight dash insulator has better NVH performance. Compared with the traditional dash insulator, the lightweight dash insulator has higher NRs and is insensitive to the leakage effects due to the extra sound

Zhang, Jun, Pang, Jian, Zhang, Siwen, Zhang, Xiaoxuan, Liu, Congguang

Climate Control Load Reduction Strategies for Electric Drive Vehicles in Warm Weather

2015-01-035504/14/2015

Passenger compartment climate control is one of the largest auxiliary loads on a vehicle. Like conventional vehicles, electric vehicles (EVs) require climate control to maintain occupant comfort and safety, but cabin heating and air conditioning have a negative impact on driving range for all-electric vehicles. Range reduction caused by climate control and other factors is a barrier to widespread adoption of EVs. Reducing the thermal loads on the climate control system will extend driving range, thereby reducing consumer range anxiety and increasing the market penetration of EVs. Researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory have investigated strategies for vehicle climate control load reduction, with special attention toward EVs. Outdoor vehicle thermal testing was conducted on two 2012 Ford Focus Electric vehicles to evaluate thermal management strategies for warm weather, including solar load reduction and cabin pre-ventilation. An advanced thermal test manikin was used to

Jeffers, Matthew A., Chaney, Larry, Rugh, John P.

Development of Plastic Fracture Simulation Technology for Passenger Airbag Tear Line

2015-01-134104/14/2015

The explicit methods analysis solver LS-DYNA was used to create technology for simulating airbag deployment and plastic airbag lid tear-away in the front passenger seat. The present study clarified the mechanical properties and the transitions in fracture pattern of the material at low temperature plastic this way, an appropriate modeling method was developed and the prediction accuracy of the simulation of airbag lid tear-away on deployment was increased. Tensile testing of the material was carried out where there were differences in thickness of the tear-away section and the fracture characteristics were determined. A material model was created by analyzing changes in fracture characteristics and collapse patterns, taking into consideration the effects of strain and strain rate localization on fracture strain as well as ductile-brittle fracture transition. Next, airbags were subjected to the impactor testing. It was confirmed that the reaction force characteristics with that impactor

Sugaya, Hisaki, Tosa, Yoshiyuki, Imura, Kazuo, Mae, Hiroyuki

Experimental Measurements of Stored Energy in Vehicle's Cockpit Module at Cold Temperatures

2015-01-036504/14/2015

Experimental studies have been conducted to determine the energy stored in vehicle's Cockpit Module (CPM) at cold soaking conditions for a MY2012 production vehicle. Detailed analysis has been done in this paper to show the influence of energy stored in various components (e.g., Instrument panel, HVAC system, heat exchanger, wire harness, etc.) contained within the CPM unit. Experiments conducted show that the instrument panel stores the maximum amount of energy at a given temperature.

Mathur, Gursaran D.

Lightweight Knee Bolster Assembly for Belted and Unbelted Occupant Restraint in a Frontal Crash

2015-01-145604/14/2015

Automotive knee bolster requirements have changed substantially in recent years due to expanded safety requirements. A three-piece cellular structural knee bolster assembly has been evolved to meet this matrix of requirements while being extremely lightweight (as low as 0.7 Kg), low in cost and easily tunable to work in various car/truck programs. The energy absorber is the primary component of this assembly and allows for a range of occupant sizes and weights to be restrained (from 50 Kg/152 cm 5th percentile female to 100 Kg/188cm 95th percentile male occupants). The evolution of this knee bolster assembly design is described using crush analysis, component testing to validate the crush analysis, instrument panel assembly level analysis with occupant models and sled tests. Steel and aluminum versions of this knee bolster are compared - in terms of weight, cost, design tunability for various crash conditions, structural stiffness etc. It is shown that this lightweight cellular

Ayyakannu, Mani, Subbiah, Latha, Syed, Mohammed

Cabin Pressure Monitors Notify Pilots to Save Lives

TBMG-20979

11/01/2014

Typical cruising altitudes for business and commercial aircraft are up to 50,000 feet or more. Occupants could not survive in this environment without pressure inside the aircraft being controlled to maintain oxygen concentrations consistent with those at lower altitudes. A cabin pressure warning system typically lets pilots and crews know when pressure becomes dangerously low, but these can malfunction or be accidentally switched off. The result can be insidious and deadly, as those on the plane become slowly incapacitated by hypoxia — oxygen deprivation — without being aware of it.

Cockpit Module Analysis Using Poroelastic Finite Elements

2014-01-207806/30/2014

Strategies for weight reduction have driven the noise treatment advanced developments with a great success considering the already mastered weight decreases observed in the last years in the automotive industry. This is typically the case for all soft trims parts. In the early 2010's a typical european B-segment car soft trims weights indeed 30 to 40% less than in the early 2000's years. The main driver behind such a gap has been to combine insulation and absorption properties on a single part while increasing the number of layers. This product-process evolution was conducted using a significant improvement in the simulation capacities. In that sense, several studies presenting very good correlation results between Transmission Loss measurements and finite elements simulations on dashboard or floor insulators were presented. One may consider that those kinds of parts have already achieved a considerable improvement in performance. But the challenge of weight reduction continues due to

Rondeau, Jean-Francois, Dejaeger, Ludovic, Guellec, Antoine, Caillet, Arnaud, Bischoff, Lars

Experimental Measurements of Stored Energy in Vehicle's Cockpit Module at High Ambient and Solar Load Conditions

2014-01-070504/01/2014

Experimental studies have been conducted to determine the energy stored in vehicle's Cockpit Module (CPM) at high ambient and at high solar heat loads for a MY2012 production vehicle. Detailed analysis has been done in this paper to show the influence of energy stored in various components (e.g., Instrument panel, HVAC system, heat exchanger, wire harness, etc.) contained within the CPM unit. Experiments were conducted to show the amount of energy stored at high ambient and solar conditions.

Mathur, Gursaran D.

Evaluation on the Solar Reduction Glass in an Electric Vehicle by Experimental Measurements in a Climate Chamber

2014-01-070304/01/2014

Solar energy through glass windows has an influence on the thermal environment in the cabin and thermal comfort of occupants. A medium-size electric vehicle (EV) is conducted for evaluating the performance of solar reduction glass under summer conditions in the climate chamber by experimental measurements. For this purpose, two kinds of glass are attached to the medium-size EV with different performance of solar reduction rate (IR-cut type and normal type). In this paper, two types of experimental measurements, steady state and unsteady state conditions, are conducted. Surface temperature, air temperature and electric consumption of air conditioner are measured under some conditions of air-conditioner. EHT (Equivalent Homogeneous Temperature) by thermal manikin, thermal sensation and thermal comfort by male and female subjects are also measured. Significant difference in the measured surface temperature of the instrument panel where solar radiation reaches through the glass window is

Ozeki, Yoshiichi, Harita, Yuko, Hirano, Akira, Nishihama, Jiro

Development of Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) Material

2014-01-102704/01/2014

The enhancement of material durability is a key development theme for automakers since customers own cars longer. Research is being carried out to extend the lifetime of current thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) materials by enhancing hydrolysis resistance while maintaining excellent low-temperature properties and scratch resistance. This development of enhanced hydrolysis resistance without degrading the melting properties of the material was achieved by introducing a new resin structure that is resistant to the invasion of water, acid, alkalis, and other substances causing hydrolysis.

Taniguchi, Daisuke, Tokuhara, Wataru, Miyake, Yuichi

Touch-less control coming to cars

14AUTP03_0103/04/2014

Use of proximity and gesture-recognition systems in auto cockpits could rise fifty-fold within a decade. By now many of us have tried out gesture-recognition technology at home; Microsoft's Kinect for Xbox and Nintendo's Wii video game consoles have been around for several years. And most of us who have tried them out quickly realized how intuitive it is to use natural body movements to interact with computerized devices. So the question arises: when will the touch-less 3D control technology make it onto the road? With simple hand motions, a driver might adjust the volume, flick over to the next page, zoom in on a screen, raise or lower the heat, or scroll through lists of radio stations or phone numbers.

Ashley, Steven

Head Up and Eyes Out Enabling Equivalent Visual Operations with the Head Up Display

2013-01-230009/17/2013

Following the introduction of Head-Up Displays (HUD) into commercial airplanes over 30 years ago, many aircraft manufacturers are now installing HUDs as baseline or as a selectable option on their latest designs. Most pilots that have used the HUD in difficult flying conditions prefer it to classic flight deck configurations with head-down displays only. This paper describes the features and benefits of the HUD that allow the pilot to remain head-up and eyes-out throughout the flight, especially in the crowded skies around an airport. This is achievable because the HUD provides all the primary flight information needed to fly the airplane. Some of the information is conformal to the outside world and the whole image is focused at optical infinity, eliminating the need for the pilot to refocus between the HUD symbology and real world features viewed through the HUD. Flight path based flying is intuitive, reducing workload and improving safety by allowing the pilot to maintain better

Barber, Sarah, Schwab, Dean, Zimmerman, Ken

Prediction of HVAC System Aero/Acoustic Noise Generation and Propagation using CFD

2013-01-085604/08/2013

With the advent of quieter powertrain and improved cabin acoustic sealing, there is an increased focus on noise generated in the HVAC unit and climate control ducting system. With improved insulation from exterior noise sources such as wind & road noise, HVAC noise is more perceptible by the occupants and is a key quality indicator for new generation vehicles. This has increased the use of simulations tools to predict HVAC noise during the virtual development phase of new vehicle programs. With packaging space being premium under the instrument panel, changes to address noise issues are expensive and often impractical. The current methodology includes the best practices in simulation accumulated from prior aero acoustics validation studies on fans, ducts, flaps and plenum volume discharge. The paper details the acoustic noise generation and propagation in the near field downstream of an automotive HVAC unit in conjunction with ducting system. The simulation process is based on Detached

Sah, Mayur, Srinivasan, Kumar, Mendonca, Fred, Pai, Nachiket

Implementing Simulation Driven Product Development for Thermoforming of an Instrument Panel

2013-01-064204/08/2013

In this case study, the thermoforming of an automotive instrument panel is considered. The effect of different oven settings on the final material distribution is studied using structural FEA simulation. The variable thickness distribution of the thermoformed part is mapped onto a structural model using a new simple mapping algorithm, and a structural FEA simulation is carried out to examine the final warpage of the instrument panel. The simulation predicts that the minimum thickness of the formed part can be increased by 10% by optimizing the oven settings. Although the optimized process uses oven settings that are less uniform than the baseline settings, the model indicates that warpage experienced by the optimized part will be less than that of the baseline case.

Metwally, Hossam, Ding, Peiran

Audi Urban Intelligent Assist

13MOMD0401_0304/01/2013

The three-year joint effort between Audi AG, the Volkswagen Group Electronics Research Laboratory (ERL) in Belmont, CA, the University of Southern California, the University of California at Berkeley, and the University of California at San Diego aimed at improving drivers' information and decision-making capabilities. AUDI UNVEILED ITS IDEAS FOR STREAMLINING AUTOMOTIVE TRANSPORTATION at the Los Angeles auto show when it introduced new technologies aimed at improving drivers' information and decision-making capabilities. The Audi Urban Intelligent Assist project is a three-year joint effort between Audi AG, the Volkswagen Group Electronics Research Laboratory (ERL), in Belmont, CA; the University of Southern California; the University of California at Berkeley; and the University of California at San Diego. The University of Michigan's Transportation Research Institute also participated initially but has left the project.

Carney, Dan

Flight Deck Environment

ARP4101/4A (Current)07/31/2012

This document is intended to specify the environmental conditions for transport aircraft necessary to permit the crew to perform their duties and functions in comfort, with minimum fatigue and no distraction. Environmental conditions should cause no short or long-term effects deleterious to health or physical well-being, nor significantly impair ability to perform normal or abnormal crew functions.

S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft

Simulation and Physical Measurement of Seamless Passenger Airbag Door Deployment

2012-01-008204/16/2012

Seamless Passenger Airbag Door, which means the seam of the passenger airbag door is not visible to the passenger, is being frequently implemented in the instrument panel because of its good surface appearance. But it is always a challenge to design a robust passenger airbag door with an invisible seam because many kinds of failures are possible during the design, such as cracks of the substrate of instrument panel, hinge failure of airbag door, windshield breakage, etc. Besides the engineering difficulties, the simulation of seamless passenger airbag door deployment is challenging due to three aspects: 1. the simulation method of the early stage airbag deployment (0~20 msec after trigger), 2. the material model of the airbag door pre-weakening line (the invisible seam); and 3. the physical measurement of the reaction load between cushion and door. In this paper, the FPM (Finite Point Method) method in PAM-CRASH™ was used to simulate the early stage airbag deployment and the fabric

Guo, Qing, Liu, Bing

Numerical Simulation of Out-of-Position Front Passenger Injuries in Frontal Crashes Using an Accurate Finite Element Model of the Cockpit Module

2012-01-055204/16/2012

While airbags are effective safety devices for reducing occupant injury level, front Out-of-Position (OOP) passengers can be injured by airbag deployment, for example, when a passenger's head is on the instrument panel surface at the time of the collision. Consequently, FMVSS 208 prescribes In-Position and OOP occupant safety performance, and vehicle manufacturers are continuing to develop optimal restraint systems for reducing injuries under both In-Position and OOP conditions. In this study, a numerical simulation method for OOP front passenger injuries in frontal crashes is presented by using accurate finite element (FE) models of the airbag and the cockpit module. The main characteristics of the airbag model are: (i) the Finite Point Method is employed to simulate the flow of gas; (ii) the initial airbag shape is represented by a folding model; (iii) nonlinear anisotropic material properties of the airbag fabric are identified considering the fiber directions and hysteresis. The

Yamagishi, Michihiro, Iyama, Jun, Araki, Toshihiro, Natori, Sou

Instrument and Cockpit Lighting for Commercial Transport Aircraft

AS264E (Historical)

11/16/2011

The desired system for aircraft instrument panel and cockpit lighting is one that will furnish light of adequate intensity and distribution under all conditions of external lighting so that the crew may read instrumentation, placards, check lists, manuals, maps, instrument color coding, distinguish controls, etc., without undue interference with their vision outside of the aircraft.

A-20A Crew Station Lighting Committee

Panoramic Displays: The Next Generation of Fighter Aircraft Cockpits

2011-01-252610/18/2011

Since about 10 years the trend in aviation cockpit design is toward an increasing display area and a smaller number of individual displays at the same time. Modern display technology even allows building displays which are able to cover the area of the entire main instrument panel of a fighter cockpit. The application of large area displays offers the advantage to largely improve the situation of the pilot by augmenting his situation awareness, thus enhancing his operational capability. A display that provides a large display area (panoramic display) could not only be used to show a bigger amount of information but also to indicate this information in a more detailed manner at the same time and it also offers the chance to combine information thus supporting the generation of a mental model of the situation. The introduction of a panoramic display in an aircraft cockpit, however, has to be initiated by conceptual work aiming to find the optimum way to both utilise the large display

Kellerer, Johannes, Möller, Christoph, Kostka, Alexander, Neujahr, Harald, Sandl, Peter

Boundary Condition Effect on the Correlation of an Acoustic Finite Element Passenger Compartment Model

2011-01-0506

04/12/2011

Three different acoustic finite element models of an automobile passenger compartment are developed and experimentally assessed. The three different models are a traditional model, an improved model, and an optimized model. The traditional model represents the passenger and trunk compartment cavities and the coupling between them through the rear seat cavity. The improved model includes traditional acoustic models of the passenger and trunk compartments, as well as equivalent-acoustic finite element models of the front and rear seats, parcel shelf, door volumes, instrument panel, and trunk wheel well volume. An optimized version of the improved acoustic model is developed by modifying the equivalent-acoustic properties. Modal analysis tests of a vehicle were conducted using loudspeaker excitation to identify the compartment cavity modes and sound pressure response to 500 Hz to assess the accuracy of the acoustic models. The optimized acoustic model is also coupled with a structural

Lee, Sangyun, Park, Kwangseo, Sung, Shung H., Nefske, Donald J.

Development of New Model CR-Z Honda Small Hybrid Sports Car

B-HON-002_CH312/01/2010

The 2009 model year INSIGHT platform and hybrid system have been used to develop a fun car with a new generation hybrid configuration. A sporty feeling was given by a 1.5-L Integrated Motor Assist (IMA) engine in combination with a six-speed transmission. The “Low, short, and wide” design emphasized its nature as a sport package, and its advanced sporty form was further realized by Honda’s very first light-emitting diode, daytime running light (LED DRL) headlights and other such advanced items. A sporty quality was produced in the interior by means of advanced three-dimensional gauges and smart sport seats, and a “soft feel” instrument panel and metallic film were used to enhance the quality. The handling was made agile for driving performance, and the adoption of a 3-Mode Drive System adapted to different driving situations realized a completely new feeling of acceleration and exhilarating driving performance. The development achieved a high-level balance between driving performance

Ishikawa, Masahiro, Hosoda, Masaharu, Takahashi, Jun, Onodera, Kazuo, Miyahara, Keisuke, Matsui, Toru

Design Guidelines for Fiberboard Materials

J1774_201006 (Historical)

06/21/2010

Textile and Flexible Plastics Committee

Choosing the Right Touchscreen Display Technology for Your Control/Automation Process

TBMG-766403/01/2010

From industrial panel PCs, to open-platform graphic operator interface terminals (OITs), to microOITs, to human-machine interfaces (HMIs), there are many choices of interactive display technologies for manufacturing and process control. It can be a challenge to decipher the right product for the right application — even for the more technically minded individual, let alone the business owner who simply wants his process automated. The best way to get a handle on these products is to categorize them and then describe each group.

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