Browse Topic: Flooring

Items (42)

Interior Floor Engineering: Acoustic vs. Compression Performance

2021-01-112908/31/2021

The interior floor of a vehicle cabin occupies a significant amount of surface area in proportion to the cabin as a whole, and as such provides a prime opportunity for acoustic treatment. Generally speaking, floor materials must be relatively limp to achieve high acoustic performance. However, the tactile quality of a vehicle floor is very important. The end customer has an expectation for how it should feel to step onto the floor of a vehicle: a carpet should “give” slightly, but not compress fully, under pressure. A carpet that is too stiff or not stiff enough may be perceived as indicative of low quality. Thus, acoustic targets and stiffness targets tend to be at odds. A vehicle interior floor is a trim component which consists of different layers and which can have different pile-up configurations. Such a pile-up typically consists of a soft layer, called a decoupler, and a top layer. Previous work has shown how CAE tools can predict part-level compression behavior during design

Frey, Andrea, Koeske, Ben, Li, Wanlu, Wichmann, Brandon

Cleaner, Carpet Water Extraction Type

AMS1631D (Current)11/27/2018

This specification covers one type of carpet cleaner in the form of a liquid.

AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee

Cleaner, Carpet Shampoo Type

AMS1630D (Current)11/26/2018

This specification covers a shampoo type carpet cleaner in the form of a liquid.

AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee

Six-Degree-of-Freedom Accelerations: Linear Arrays Compared with Angular Rate Sensors in Impact Events

2017-01-146503/28/2017

SAE J211 provides no definitive specification as to the appropriate procedures for filtering angular rate sensor data prior to differentiation into angular acceleration data, especially for impact data. Accordingly, a 3-2-2-2 array (nine-accelerometer-package or NAP) of linear accelerometers and a triaxial angular rate sensor were mounted into a Hybrid III 50th-percentile-male ATD headform and compared in a variety of impact events and multibody simulations. Appropriate low-pass digital filter cutoff frequencies for differentiating the angular rate sensor data into angular accelerations were sought via residual analysis in accordance with current SAE J211 guidelines. It was found that there was no specific cutoff frequency that consistently matched the angular accelerations determined by the 3-2-2-2 array, and the combination of a triaxial linear accelerometer and a triaxial rate sensor could not simultaneously match the 3-2-2-2 summed square and peak angular accelerations regardless

Bussone, William R., Olberding, Joseph, Prange, Michael

SAE Commercial Vehicle Engineering Congress

1216905/06/2016

SAE hits the conference floor to ask attendees, “What value do you get from COMVEC?

An Improved Human Biodynamic Model Considering the Interaction between Feet and Ground

2015-01-061204/14/2015

Nowadays, studying the human body response in a seated position has attracted a lot of attention as environmental vibrations are transferred to the human body through floor and seat. This research has constructed a multi-body biodynamic human model with 17 degrees of freedom (DOF), including the backrest support and the interaction between feet and ground. Three types of human biodynamic models are taken into consideration: the first model doesn't include the interaction between the feet and floor, the second considers the feet and floor interaction by using a high stiffness spring, the third one includes the interaction by using a soft spring. Based on the whole vehicle model, the excitation to human body through feet and back can be obtained by ride simulation. The simulation results indicate that the interaction between feet and ground exerts non-negligible effect upon the performance of the whole body vibration by comparing the three cases.

Zhang, Weiguo, Ma, Zeyu, Jin, Ankang, Yang, James, Zhang, Yunqing

Designed for the Environment

1193402/25/2015

Boeing is designing jetliners with the environmental impact of their life span in mind. From the fuselage to the carpet, Boeing Director of Environmental Performance Jeanne Yu explains why Boeing considers how entire airplanes will be recycled before they're ever built.

Improving STL Performance of Automotive Carpets with Multi-layering and Effective Decoupling

2015-26-013601/14/2015

Automotive floor carpet serves the purpose of insulating airborne noises like road-tire noise, transmission noise, fuel pump noise etc. Most commonly used automotive floor carpet structure is- molded sound barrier (PE, vinyl etc.) decoupled from the floor pan with an absorber such as felt. With increasing customer expectations and fuel efficiency requirements, the NVH requirements are increasing as well. The only possible way of increasing acoustic performance (Specifically, Sound Transmission Loss, STL) in the mentioned carpet structure is to increase the barrier material. This solution, however, comes at a great weight penalty. Theoretically, increasing the number of decoupled barrier layers greatly enhances the STL performance of an acoustic packaging for same weight. In practice, however, this solution presents problems like- ineffectiveness at lower frequencies, sudden dip in performance at modal frequencies. Also, practical constraints in achieving ideal decoupling limit the

Mahajan, Deepak, Sandilya, Arnab, Khandelwal, Lokesh, Srivastava, Sameer

A Cost-Effective Alternative to Moving Floor Wind Tunnels in Order to Calculate Rolling Resistance and Aerodynamic Drag Coefficients

2014-01-062004/01/2014

This study investigates the practicality of vehicle coast down testing as a suitable replacement to moving floor wind tunnel experimentation. The recent implementation of full-scale moving floor wind tunnels is forcing a re-estimation of previous coefficient of drag determinations. Moreover, these wind tunnels are relatively expensive to build and operate and may not capture concepts such as linear and quadratic velocity dependency along with the influence of tire pressure on rolling resistance. As a result, the method elucidated here improves the accuracy of the fundamental vehicle modeling equations while remaining relatively affordable. The trends produced by incorporating on road test data into the model fit the values indicated by laboratory tests. This research chose equipment based on a balance between affordability and accuracy while illustrating that higher resolution frequency equipment would further enhance the model accuracy.

Hausmann, Austin, Depcik, Christopher

SAE 2012 World Congress interview with Google's Anthony Levandowski

1148904/25/2012

Anthony Levandowski of Google discusses the Self-Driving Car Project, with AEI Associate Editor Patrick Ponticel on the show floor of the SAE 2012 World Congress.

Modular Flooring System

TBMG-1326504/01/2012

The modular flooring system (MFS) was developed to provide a portable, modular, durable carpeting solution for NASA’s Robotics Alliance Project’s (RAP) outreach efforts. It was also designed to improve and replace a modular flooring system that was too heavy for safe use and transportation. The MFS was developed for use as the flooring for various robotics competitions that RAP utilizes to meet its mission goals. One of these competitions, the FIRST Robotics Competition (FRC), currently uses two massive rolls of broadloom carpet for the foundation of the arena in which the robots are contained during the competition. The area of the arena is approximately 30 by 72 ft (≈9 by 22 m). This carpet is very cumbersome and requires large-capacity vehicles, and handling equipment and personnel to transport and deploy. The broadloom carpet sustains severe abuse from the robots during a regular three-day competition, and as a result, the carpet is not used again for competition. Similarly

Modular Flooring System

TBMG-TB-01326504/01/2012

Textile-Based Luggage Containers for Onboard Blast Protection

2011-01-251710/18/2011

The rise in worldwide terrorism has required measures be taken to harden aircraft against catastrophic in-flight failure due to concealed explosives. The risk that a small quantity of an explosive could get undetected cannot be neglected, and the introduction of countermeasures to reduce the effects of on-board explosions should be considered. This is the idea behind of the European research project FLY-BAG where a blastworthy textile luggage container for the protection of aircrafts from on-board explosions from explosives hidden in luggage in the cargo holds has been developed. The FLY-BAG concept is based on the development of an advanced flexible anti-blasting cover and composite floor system able to resist a small to medium explosion by controlled expansion and full containment of the pressure generated by the explosion whilst, at the same time, preventing hard luggage fragment projectiles (shrapnel) from striking the main structure of the aircraft at high speed. A multi-layered

Zangani, Donato, Ambrosetti, Samuele, Bozzolo, Alessandro, Dotoli, Rosario, Bardaro, Danilo, Fay, Stephen

Innovative Design Concepts for Lightweight Floors in Heavy Trailers

2010-01-203310/05/2010

Currently, the chassis assembly contributes about 73 percent of the overall weight of a 14.63 m long haul trailer. This paper presents alternative design concepts for the structural floor of a van trailer utilizing sandwich panels with various material and geometric characteristics of the core layer in order to reduce its weight significantly below that of the current design configuration. The main objective of the new designs is to achieve optimal tradeoffs between the overall structural weight and the flexural stiffness of the floor. Various preliminary design concepts of the core designs were compared on the basis of a single section of the core structure. Six different designs were analyzed by weight, maximum displacement and maximum stress under bending and torsion loads. Each concept was kept uniform by length, thickness, loading and boundary conditions. Each design concept was examined through testing of scaled model for floor assemblies. Finite element analysis was used to

William, Gergis W.

Effect of Beading on Radiated Noise

2010-01-140706/09/2010

In the automotive industry, the use of beading is widely spread. Beads are primarily used to stiffen the floor and dash panels. The aim is to reduce vibration levels and hopefully at the same time reduce radiated noise. Beading has a positive effect close to the first panel mode's natural frequency however it can have a negative effect at all other frequencies. Typically, engineers assume a radiation efficiency of “1” (one) over the whole frequency range for simplicity or lack of available implemented formulation in their simulation tools. This assumption directs the investigation at reducing the vibration levels only. This approach can be misleading because even though radiation efficiency tends to “1” (one) above coincident frequency it is not the case below coincidence. While increasing stiffness reduces vibration levels, it also increases radiation efficiency. This can yield to higher levels of radiated noise. This paper presents a comparison between panels with uniform cross

Blanchet, Denis, Van Hal, Willem, Caillet, Arnaud

Automotive Rubber Mats

J80_200910 (Current)10/15/2009

This SAE Recommended Practice covers the requirements for rubber floor mats made from five types of rubber compounds as required by the physical property requirements of the application.

Committee on Automotive Rubber Specs

Fittings and Cargo Rings, Tie-Down, Aircraft Floor

AS8905 (Historical)07/25/2006

AGE-2 Air Cargo

A Modification of the SEA Equations: A Proposal of how to Model Damped Car Body Systems with SEA

2005-01-243605/16/2005

The assumption of diffuse (constant) field response limits the applicability of SEA for analysis of structure-borne sound in automotive structures as these are damped and, thus response decay with distance. A relatively simple modification of the SEA equations can be shown to solve the problem of decay with distance across subsystems. It appears that the modification can be implemented into SEA software without too much problem. An analytical model is used to demonstrate the errors when the conventional SEA approach is used and the merit of modified SEA equations. A generic firewall, car floor and rear wall is used as showcase.

Fredö, C. R.

Automotive Rubber Mats

J80_200412 (Historical)12/16/2004

This SAE Recommended Practice covers the requirements for rubber floor mats made from five types of rubber compounds as required by the physical property requirements of the application.

Committee on Automotive Rubber Specs

Nanocarpets for Trapping Microscopic Particles

TBMG-34512/01/2004

Nanocarpets — that is, carpets of carbon nanotubes — are undergoing development as means of trapping microscopic particles for scientific analysis. Examples of such particles include inorganic particles, pollen, bacteria, and spores. Nanocarpets can be characterized as scaled-down versions of ordinary macroscopic floor carpets, which trap dust and other particulate matter, albeit not purposefully. Nanocarpets can also be characterized as mimicking both the structure and the particle-trapping behavior of ciliated lung epithelia, the carbon nanotubes being analogous to cilia (see figure).

Factors Affecting the Friction Coefficients Between Wooden Pallets and the Wooden Floor of a Van -Type Semi-Trailer

2001-01-275511/12/2001

This paper investigates the coefficients of static and kinetic friction between the hardwood flooring of a used semi-trailer and the bottom surfaces of both an old and a new hardwood pallet, with varying cargo weights, at varying locations in the trailer. A total of 22 tests were performed with the pallets moving parallel to the longitudinal axis of the trailer and perpendicular to this axis. The results show that the variations in load did not statistically affect the friction coefficients. The older pallet had statistically smaller static and kinetic friction coefficients (s=0.32, k=0.26) than that of the newer pallet (s=0.35, k=0.29). The static friction coefficients were statistically dependent upon whether the test took place at the front (0.36), middle (0.34) or rear (0.32) of the semi-trailer. Kinetic coefficients behaved similarly: front (0.29), middle (0.27) or rear (0.26).

Strauss, M. G., Carnahan, J. V., Inendino, L. V.

Development of a High-Performance Polyester Fiber Carpet Pad

98027802/23/1998

Interior quietness has been improved over the years until it has now become an important fundamental performance requirement of vehicles. Simple approaches to assuring quietness include the addition of sound isolation materials or the provision of sound-deadening space. These approaches, however, have the undesirable effects of increasing the vehicle weight or sacrificing interior space. Previously, we investigated the effect of the fiber composition on sound isolation performance, focusing on polyester fiber material (nonwoven fabric), and researched sound-isolating materials that would not involve a weight increase. That work led to the development of a polyester fiber material with an optimized fiber composition. The material has been applied to a dash silencer that simultaneously achieves improved sound isolation performance and a lighter weight compared with previous materials. That technology provided the basis for developing a polyester fiber carpet pad. Besides sound isolation

Ito, Masashi, Nagayama, Hiroki, Nemoto, Kouichi, Sugawara, Hiroshi

Automotive Rubber Mats

J80_199705 (Historical)05/01/1997

This SAE Recommended Practice covers the requirements for rubber floor mats made from five types of rubber compounds as required by the physical property requirements of the application.

Committee on Automotive Rubber Specs

Integration of Plant Floor Information for Scheduling and Control

96164805/01/1996

This paper describes the development and implementation of a real-time plant floor scheduling information support system. Successful production scheduling and control depends largely on the availability of complete and accurate plant floor status information. In general, data must be integrated from many different and disjointed information sources. Data may come from programmable logic controllers (PLC), automatic guided vehicles (AGV), automatic storage and retrieval systems (ASRS), bar-code systems, etc. In some cases the data may be incomplete, unavailable or may lack accuracy. In order to get a clear integrated view of the entire operation, all data must be consolidated, gaps filled, and inaccuracies nullified through intelligent compensation. The system being considered is based on the principles of dynamic modeling of asynchronously acquired shop floor events. It is based on a modified Petri Net which allows for the accurate and precise representation of plant floor logic. The

Lewis, David T., Miteff, James R.

Cost Effective Molded Polyurethane Foam for Automotive Acoustical Carpet Underlay and Dash Insulators

94070003/01/1994

NVH (Noise Vibration Harshness) control is receiving increased attention in the automotive industry, as the automotive engineers seek new ways to improve vehicle quality and customer satisfaction. Significant advances in cast (molded) Polyurethane foam for automotive acoustical applications are increasing the cost competitiveness of this technology against more traditional sound deadening media, such as polyurethane slabstock foam (for dash insulators) and die-cut or molded resinated polyester waste fibers (“shoddy pads”) for carpet underlay. This paper details these continuous improvements, which include density reduction without the use of any Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) blowing agents from 5.0 pcf to 3.0 pcf, and demold time reduction from 5.0 minutes to 2.0 minutes for cycle time (productivity) improvements. While these advantages pertain to economics, advancing technology has also resulted in cast polyurethane systems meeting increasingly stringent physical property requirements

MacFarland, David R.

A Recyclable Insulation for Use on Underbody Heat Shields

93111904/01/1993

A 100 percent recyclable insulation material that can withstand the harsh environment underneath the automobile would provide the automobile designer with greater flexibility in his design process, while addressing environmental concerns. These environmental concerns are restricting design flexibility to an increasing degree.

Fossett, Anthony J.

SIMULTANEOUS ENGINEERING 9000 SERIES COMBINES BEST IN CLASS

89140706/01/1989

This paper will discuss how the new 9000 Series combine line was developed using an integrated approach that includes multiple disciplines. The simultaneous engineering team included not only the product and manufacturing engineers working together during the design stage, but factory operators and supervisors as well. The report covers the project from its inception to the start-up of production on the factory floor. Many benefits to the project were realized as a result of the simultaneous engineering approach. The new line of combines was introduced in January 1989.

MASON, R. N., WYFFELS, M. K.

Automotive Rubber Mats

J80_198801 (Historical)01/01/1988

This SAE Recommended Practice covers the requirements for rubber floor mats made from five types of rubber compounds as required by the physical property requirements of the application.

Committee on Automotive Rubber Specs

Application of Aluminum Honeycomb Sandwiches and Extrusions in a Convertible: Part 1: Design and Performance of a Prototype

87014702/01/1987

Aluminum Honeycomb Sandwiches and Extrusions have been applied to a platform for convertibles. The platform, composed of a dashpanel and floor panels (honeycomb sandwiches) and a framework (extrusions), has a much more lightweight and rigid structure than other conventional convertible bodies-in-white. This improves remarkably vibrational behavior and handling characteristics, which deteriorate in a convertible, in the case of a prototype.

Nanba, Keizo, Baba, Takeaki, Takeshima, Yoshio, Sano, Hiromichi, Tobita, Koji, Kara, Toshihiro, Fujise, Kazuki, Kinoshita, Yoshiaki

Blockage Effects in Automotive Wind-Tunnel Testing

86009303/01/1986

A series of geometrically similar, different-sized, car-shaped models of differing sizes have been tested in closed and open-jet wind tunnels at MIRA and DNW to determine the blockage effects due to cars and to assess various blockage correction methods. The blockage ratios represented in the test programme ranged from 2 to 10 per cent in the closed-jet tunnels and from 2 to 22 per cent in the open-jet facilities. Despite attempts to minimise the variations in Reynolds number and to allow for the effects of differing relative thicknesses of tunnel floor boundary layers, the scatter in the experimental data was often large in relation to the effects being studied. Moreover, the open-jet blockage study was mostly inconclusive because of larger effects which were probably due to other causes than tunnel blockage. The blockage effects in the closed-jet appeared to be generally closer in magnitude to those implied by the area-ratio method (based on continuity), rather than the Hackett and

Carr, G. W., Stapleford, W. R.

Remote Underwater Manipulator (RUM III)

84101208/01/1984

This paper describes RUM III, a new remotely operated seafloor search and work vehicle being designed for use in the abyssal plains and spreading centers of the world's ocean basins. The vehicle will operate at the end of 10,000 meters of coaxial strain cable to a depth of 5000 meters. Anticipated uses include documented coring in the deep-sea floor, benthic ecology studies, investigation of spreading centers and deep-sea vents, development of assessment technology for polymetallic sulfide deposits, emplacement and replenishment of long term deep-sea instrument systems, and the recovery of lost instruments from the seafloor.

Anderson, Victor C., Horn, Ronald C.

Automotive Rubber Mats

J80_198205 (Historical)05/01/1982

This SAE Recommended Practice covers the requirements for rubber floor mats made from five types of rubber compounds as required by the physical property requirements of the application.

Committee on Automotive Rubber Specs

Integrated Panel and Skeleton Automotive Structural Optimization

81131711/01/1981

Previous work in structural optimization for the automotive structure has been limited to beam models of the major load-carrying structure. This was primarily done to reduce the amount of computer resources required to minimize the mass. In this study, techniques necessary to include a moderately complex representation of the panels are developed in which some compromises between model fidelity and solution time must be accepted. As an example, plate elements have been included in a vehicle structural optimization model to represent the roof, floor, dash, motor compartment, and rear quarter. Minimum mass designs subjected to stress, displacement, and frequency constraints are obtained by structural optimization. It was found that most panels were at minimum gage in the optimum design. This suggests that these panels are designed by local criteria as opposed to being controlled by global load and stiffness criteria. A few panels in the highly stressed areas are affected by the global

Miura, H., Lust, R. V., Bennett, J. A.

Biodynamic Response of the Musculoskeletal System to Impact Acceleration

80131209/01/1980

The effect of muscular response on occupant dynamics was studied in human volunteers exposed to low level impact acceleration. The study includes identification of muscular response, correlation of electromyographic activity with reaction force, and investigation of the effects of muscular restraint during impact. Human volunteers were subjected to −Gx impact acceleration in a simulated automobile environment while EMG activity of various lower extremity muscles was monitored. The seat and floor pan were supported on load cells which measured all restraining forces. Nine–accelerometer modules and high-speed photography were used to measure kinematics. Identical runs were made with an embalmed cadaver and dummy for comparison. Static EMG and force traces as well as dynamic results for various acceleration levels are presented. Differences between tensed and relaxed states are compared and discussed as to EMG response, force levels, and head kinematics. It was found that reflex responses

Viano, David C., Begeman, P. C., King, A. I., Levine, R. S.

A Nonlinear Study of the Steady - State Turning Behavior of Car - Trailer Systems

80015602/01/1980

The equations governing the steady-state turning behavior of car-trailer systems are derived without linearization in any of the motion variables and with full consideration of lateral and longitudinal load transfer. Furthermore, the wheel-roadway interaction forces are expressed as nonlinear functions of tire slip angles. The resulting system of variously nonlinear and transcendental equations is solved numerically for a specific vehicle system, and the principal results are condensed into a carpet plot, which can be used as a handling diagram.

Eke†, Fidelis O., Kane††, Thomas R.

Cleaner, Carpet Water Extraction Type

AMS1631 (Historical)01/15/1978

This specification covers one type of carpet cleaner in the form of a liquid. This cleaner has been used typically with water extraction machines for in-place cleaning of aircraft carpets, but usage is not limited to such applications.

AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee

Cleaner, Carpet, Shampoo Type

AMS1630 (Historical)01/01/1978

This specification covers one type of carpet cleaner in the form of a liquid. This cleaner has been used typically with shampooing machines for in-place cleaning of aircraft carpets, but usage is not limited to such applications.

AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee

Manufacturing The Tektite Habitat

70075302/01/1970

Tektite was manufactured by the General Electric Company in conjunction with the Office of Naval Research, Department of Interior, NASA, and other government, industry and academic organizations. It was manufactured to house four marine scientists for a 60-day period on the ocean floor at a 50 foot depth at an isolated site in the Virgin Islands. The habitat and associated surface equipment provided for life support, environmental control, communications, surface monitoring, safety and comfort of the four aquanauts. The Tektite I experiment was completed safely within minutes of the time scheduled many months previously. The habitat was returned to General Electric in Philadelphia where it was refurbished for the Tektite II mission. This mission is currently in progress in the Virgin Islands and is due to be complete in early November 1970.

Lorenz, C. M., Cockfield, R. D.

Design Considerations for Deep Submersible Vehicles

69002502/01/1969

The U S. Navy is currently designing and developing a deep submergence search vehicle which will be capable of search, work, and exploration of the ocean floor to depths of 20,000 ft. This paper discusses the influence of mission requirements and operational constraints on vehicle design. The effects on vehicle weight, endurance, and depth are examined against various design parameters, such as pressure capsule configuration, material, buoyancy, power sources, etc.

Feldman, Samuel

REMAIN COMPETITIVE (Analyze Cost of Production Per Square Feet of Floor Space)

59020201/01/1959

SCHROEDER, A. F.

Automotive Rubber Mats

J80_195707 (Historical)07/01/1957

This SAE Recommended Practice covers the requirements for rubber floor mats made from five types of rubber compounds as required by the physical property requirements of the application.

Committee on Automotive Rubber Specs

DECORATIVE ELASTOMERIC FLOOR COVERING FOR AUTOMOBILES

56030401/01/1956

McWHORTER, J. F.

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