This document provides information applicable to the design and development of portable and aircraft mounted cabin air contaminant sensors. This AIR complements any future portable or aircraft-mounted cabin air sensor standards.

AC-9M Cabin Air Measurement Committee

Supplemental Information for Design of Measuring Devices for Measurement of Aircraft Cabin Air Quality

AIR6945-TEST-REC (Historical)07/15/2021

AC-9M Cabin Air Measurement Committee

The Effect of Change in Assembly Sequence on Permanent Strain of Cab Suspension Console

02-13-02-0011

08/20/2020

Heavy commercial vehicles play an important role in creating the trade and economic balance of countries. Also, the durability and safety of heavy commercial vehicles come to the fore. Heavy commercial vehicles consist of two parts. These are the chassis area with the equipment that allows the vehicle to move and the cabin section where the driver is located. The cabin area is the most important area that ensures the highest level of driver safety. Considering that the production of trucks is increasing day by day, it is inevitable for companies to increase their R&D activities in the field of cabin and cabin suspension systems for much safer, durable, and comfortable trucks. This study aims to determine the safe torque value of the fasteners and their assembly sequence of the Cab Suspension Console, which is one of the most important connection parts in a truck and which can cause a fatal accident by breaking. In this study, the safe torque value of the fasteners of the cabin

Yildirim, Bariscan, Öztürk, Dogan

Study of the Noise Contributors on the Interior Acoustic of a Car and Their Countermeasures

2020-01-158506/03/2020

This paper shows that the collaboration between a glass manufacturer and a passive acoustic treatment manufacturer can bring different benefits and considerably improve the interior acoustics of a vehicle. In terms of passenger safety and well-being, glazing have always played a key role by offering solutions to interior comfort, particularly when it comes to heat and acoustics. Today, cars are becoming a living space which from an acoustic point of view brings a challenge for the interior comfort. Indeed, glazing has no absorption and classically it has an acoustic insulation weakness around its coincident frequency. In most of the cases, these different aspects make glazing one of the main contributors to the sound pressure level in the passenger compartment, and the trend is not one of change. However, there are possible countermeasures. One of which is the use of laminated glazing with acoustic PVB. This solution allows to reduce the loss of insulation performance at the

Lafont, Thibault, Dalzin, Fabien, Bouillet, Fabien, Bertolini, Claudio

Direction Specific Analysis of Psychoacoustics Parameters Inside Car Cockpits: a Novel Tool for NVH and Sound Quality

2020-01-154706/03/2020

Psychoacoustics parameters are widely employed in automotive field for objective evaluation of Sound Quality of vehicle cabins and their components. The standard approach relies on binaural recordings from which numerical values and curves are calculated and head-locked binaural listening playback can be performed. Recently, the Virtual Reality technology started to diffuse also in automotive field, bringing new possibilities for enhanced and immersive listening sessions. In this paper, we combine both solutions: the VR approach is adopted to calculate the principal psychoacoustics parameters. The acquisition system consists in a massive spherical microphone array featuring a camera for recording panoramic visual background. The acoustical information is encoded into High Order Ambisonics spatial format, that can be rendered on stereoscopic visors and Spatial PCM Sampling format that can be used to produce 360° colour maps. In this way, we are able to plot the psychoacoustics

Pinardi, Daniel, Ebri, Lorenzo, Belicchi, Costante, Farina, Angelo, Binelli, Marco

Air Conditioning of Aircraft Cargo

AIR806B (Current)05/12/2020

The report presents air conditioning data for aircraft cargo which is affected by temperature, humidity, ventilation rate and atmospheric pressure. The major emphasis is on conditioning of perishable products and warm-blooded animals. The report also covers topics peculiar to cargo aircraft or which are related to the handling of cargo.

AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee

A detailed study of prominent factors affecting evaporator frosting in a mobile air conditioning (MAC) system

2020-28-001404/30/2020

In an automotive air conditioning system, evaporator is well designed for effective heat transfer between refrigerant and air flowing over the evaporator. Hence, the better cooling and dehumidifying the incoming air. Sometimes, at the low ambient temperature and higher relative humidity conditions a frost is observed. It is accumulated over the evaporator and often become thicker enough to block the flow of air completely passing through the evaporator resulting in a rise in vehicle cabin temperature. Current work presents the probable causes of frost formation and their effects on the performance of evaporator and hence, the performance of the automotive air conditioning system. There are four major factors, thermistor poor response, undercharged and overcharged system, clogged air-filter, and also the type of compressor causing frost formation over the evaporator are considered for analysis. Current work presents the experimental analysis of the evaporator performance in the low

Nagarhalli, Prasanna V, Maurya, Anurag, Awate, Shrikant M, Syed, Mubeen, Nagarhalli, Prasanna V, Maurya, Anurag, Awate, Shrikant M, Syed, Mubeen

Challenges to incorporate cabin air quality enhancer in mobility solutions

2020-28-001604/30/2020

In the past five years, Indian cities have been consistently appearing in the list of top 15 world’s most polluted cities. A common man in India, daily spend more than 2 hours on the road during commute to work, thus exposed to inhale highly polluted air. In case of passenger car users, he/she is exposed to ~ 6 times more polluted air compared to ambient air – as vehicle cabin is a closed space where the air recirculates through air conditioning (AC). Prolonged exposure to such polluted air shows increasing trend in respiratory illnesses, breathing discomfort and fatigue. This paper discusses about the key challenges involved in incorporating cabin air quality enhancer (cabin air filters) in mobility solution. Engineering challenges are packaging of cabin air filters in current vehicle cabin and its validation through objective assessment and subjective assessment by trained evaluator. The objective assessment comprises of bench tests and subjective assessment requires trained expert

Nimsatkar, Shubham Vijay, Jaybhay, Sambhaji, Gavhane, Balkrishna, Kapoor, Sangeet, Nimsatkar, Shubham Vijay, Jaybhay, Sambhaji, Gavhane, Balkrishna, Kapoor, Sangeet

Investigate Partial Cabin Air Recirculation Strategy to Improve HVAC System’s Heating Performance Using 1D Simulation

2020-01-015904/14/2020

In cold weather conditions, cabin heating performance is critical for retaining the thermal comfort. Heat is absorbed from the engine by circulating coolant through the engine water jacket and same will be rejected by the heater core. A variable speed blower is used to transfer heat from the heater core to the passenger compartment through floor ducts. The time taken to achieve comfortable cabin temperature determines the performance and capacity of heating ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) system. In current automotive field, the engine options are provided to customers to meet their needs on the same vehicle platforms. Hence few engine variants cannot warm the cabin up to customer satisfaction. To improve the existing warm up performance of system, Positive thermal coefficient heater (PTC), electric coolant PTC heater, auxiliary pump etc. can be used which increases the overall cost of the vehicle. During warmup, HVAC system operates in 100% fresh mode. In this study, Partial

Belsare, Saurabh, Danapalan, Prakashbabuji, Sambandan, Saravanan, Govindarajalu, Murali

An Analysis of the Effects of Ventilation on Burn Patterns Resulting from Passenger Compartment Interior Fires

2020-01-092304/14/2020

Vehicle fire investigators often use the existence of burn patterns and the amount and location of fire damage to determine the fire origin and its cause. The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of ventilation location on the burn patterns and burn damage of passenger compartment fires. Four similar 20XX Ford Fusion vehicles were burned. The fire origin and first material ignited were the same for all four vehicles. In each test, a different door window was down for the duration of the burn test. Each vehicle was allowed to burn until the windshield, back glass, or another window, other than the window used for ventilation, failed, thus changing the ventilation pattern. At that point, the fire was extinguished. Temperatures were measured in the passenger compartment and video and still photography were recorded. Post-burn, the vehicle burn patterns were analyzed and conclusions drawn on: ability to determine a window was open during the fire, which window was open, the effect

Engle, James J., Buckman, Jennifer L., Williams, Jeff, Kemnitz, Erich, Kalis, Eric

Thermal Behavior of an Electronics Compartment with Respect to Real Driving Conditions

2020-01-129904/14/2020

Reliability of electronic components is of increasing importance for further progress towards automated driving. Thermal ageing processes such as electromigration is one factor that can negatively affect reliability of electronics. Resulting failures are mainly depending on components’ thermal load within vehicle lifetime - called temperature collective, which is described by the temperature frequency distribution of the components. At present, the only possibility to examine the temperature collective is performed by vehicle endurance testing. Knowledge about the temperature frequency distribution in early development stages is one of the key factors to ensure electronics’ reliability in future vehicles. Vehicle Thermal Management (VTM) tools, which provide numerical simulation, allows lifetime thermal prediction in early development stages, but also challenges current VTM processes. Due to changing focus from underhood to numerous electronic compartments in vehicles, the number of

Bernhard, Adrian, Reister, Heinrich, Binner, Thomas, Wiedemann, Jochen, Widdecke, Nils, Wagner, Andreas

CABIN PASSENGER SEAT PRODUCTION TESTING

ARINC648 (Current)12/18/2019

This report defines the requirements and recommended practices for production testing of aircraft passenger seats and seat groups. Production testing is performed at the seat manufacturers' facilities prior to the shipment of the seats to the airframe manufacturers, Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO), or airlines/operators for installation in the aircraft. Using this guidance, rework is minimized and schedules remain minimally affected.

Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee

CABIN ARCHITECTURE FOR WIRELESS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

ARINC820 (Current)08/13/2019

This document defines a secure Wi-Fi distribution network installed in the aircraft passenger cabin for passenger and crew use. Carry-on Portable Electronic Devices (PEDs) such as smart phones, tablets, and laptops may use this network to access public internet services provided on the aircraft.

Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee

Passenger Cabin’s Parking Cooling System Based on TEC and Air Conditioning Condensate Water

2019-01-106604/02/2019

In the passenger cabin of the parking under the summer sun, the air’s average temperature will reach about 60°C. Such temperature can cause discomfort to the person who has just entered the passenger cabin, also can damage components of the passenger cabin. The reason for this phenomenon is because it is not convective with the outside air. Some vehicles use the electric power to drive the blower in order to ventilate, but the air’s temperature of cabin is so high that the blower’s effect of ventilation is limited. The system proposes to use solar energy to drive the automobile blower and the thermoelectric cooler(TEC) in order to cool the cabin’s air, and use the air-conditioning condensate water collected during the driving process to cool the TEC’s hot end to improve the cooling efficiency. Establish a model of TEC, a mathematical model of the relationship between the condensate water cooling at the TEC’s hot end and the temperature of the hot end, and a mathematical model of the

Ma, Xiaofei, Tan, Gangfeng, Wang, Shuai, Zhou, Daolin, Ding, Yiran, Ma, Zebiao, Li, Ming

CAE Based Head Form Impact Simulations for Development of Vehicle Interiors

2019-26-023701/09/2019

The interior components of a passenger vehicle are designed to provide comfort and safety to its occupants. In the event of accident, vehicle interiors are primary source of injuries when occupants interact with them. Vehicle interiors consists of Instrument panel (IP), center console, seats and controls in front of seating position etc. Severity of the injuries depends on the energy dissipating characteristics, profiles, projections of different interior components. These are assessed by ECE R21 and IS12553 head form impact tests. To evaluate the Head form impact performance on Interior components, Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) simulations are extensively used during the vehicle development. In order to predict failure of plastic components and snap joints which might lead to expose sharp edges, it is critical to model plastic material and snap joint. Vehicle interiors are certified for head form impact requirements based on physical testing where dashboard samples from productions

Suryawanshi, Yuvraj, Joshi, Kedar, Lambate, Sachin, Jadhav, Vilas

CABIN EQUIPMENT INTERFACES PART 0 CABIN MANAGEMENT AND ENTERTAINMENT SYSTEM - OVERVIEW

ARINC628P0-4 (Current)08/28/2018

The purpose of this document is to provide an introduction and overview of the ARINC 628 series of Specifications. ARINC 628 defines equipment and installation standards for cabin equipment, which is generally defined as communication and entertainment equipment designed for passenger use. Part 0 provides the concepts and overview of ARINC 628 and descriptions of each individual part. Appendix B is written in briefing chart format to facilitate the understanding of high-level objectives. Supplement 4 represents a summary of recent changes to Parts 1 through 9 of ARINC Specification 628.

Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee

Automotive Engineering: March 2018

18AUTP0303/08/2018

Truck Tech War! Ford, GM, and Ram arm their profit-pumping half-ton pickups for the 2020s' efficiency battle. Mobility mecca: WCX 2018 Provocative thought leaders, emerging disruptors, and the industry's best networking and career guidance all under one big roof: the 2018 SAE World Congress Experience is coming April 10-12. Mercedes adopts Harman UX for A-Class The 'smart' architecture is capable of OTA updates and features more-accurate voice recognition. Spark of genius Mazda's Skyactiv-X-the nexus of gasoline and diesel tech-remains on track for 2019 production. We test-drive recent prototypes to check development status. Taking aim at the drowsy-driver threat Hyundai Mobis is leveraging Level 4 tech to move 'departed' drivers safely off the road. Editorial: Fear and loathing on the path to Level 4 driving Supplier Eye Variability, risk and the value stream The Navigator How will automated vehicles deal with potholes? SAE Standards News SAE-ISO Joint Working Group engaged in SAE

Automotive Engineering: June 2017

17AUTP0606/01/2017

Tackling NVH one dB per day New tools and technologies are helping engineers reduce vehicle Noise, Vibration and Harshness. Artificial intelligence becomes a reality Automakers could be among the leaders in deploying AI in free-standing, high-reliability environments. But developers must determine how to mitigate undesirable side-effects. Lidar: autonomy's mission-critical component Automated-driving capability likely won't happen without Lidar. But what technology-and at what price? Formula One goes longer, lower, wider for 2017 New rules make the cars faster and more aggressive-looking, with a wider track, wider tires and bigger wings. Editorial: Core Ford, New Ford...OneFord? SAE Standards News Seeking a common language for vehicle automation Supplier Eye Are you innovating for NVH? Exa simulation aims to keep ADAS sensors clean CO2 buildup in vehicle cabins becoming a safety issue DSD's low-cost 12V hybrid aims for small cars VW finally fills its SUV gap with 2018 Atlas Loss leader

Simulation and Analysis on Heat Transfer and Pre-cooling Characteristics of New Solar Power Vehicle Parking Ventilation System

2016-01-173203/27/2016

When the vehicle parks in direct sunlight conditions, the cabin will form a high-temperature thermal environment in hot weather. Drivers would turn on the air-conditioning with relatively high gear in the most conditions to reduce the cabin temperature, which could affect the life of equipment, resulting in energy waste and increasing emissions. This study adopted solar energy in the ventilation system. When the car parks the cabin blower was driven by a solar panel mounted on the car roof to discharge heat inside the cabin real time, achieving the purpose of pre-cooling. Firstly, heat transfer model and ventilation cooling model for the cabin were established according to the theory of heat transfer, and models were modified through experiments. Besides, the impact of ventilation flow rate on the pre-cooling effect was studied based on simulation analysis. Finally, comprehensively considering the solar panel power and cooling effect, a reasonable range of ventilation flow rate was

Huang, Weicheng

Touch and Go

16MEIP03_0403/01/2016

Avionics developments are changing life in the cockpit and at airborne work stations. Since the digital revolution changed forever the pilot's working environment, innovators and suppliers of cockpit systems have strived to provide a continuous stream of new developments and products that offer increasingly automated solutions to what has to be done to fly and land an airplane safely. As the first “glass” cockpits with CRT-type displays were introduced in the 1980s, there was understandably much opposition from many within the active flying community as these revolutionary devices removed at a stroke all those scores of instruments that were so familiar and which all seemed absolutely essential at the time.

Gardner, Richard

Emergency Evacuation Illumination

ARP503G (Current)12/04/2015

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides criteria for design and location of power supplies, controls, light fixtures, and associated equipment which are used to provide emergency illumination in transport aircraft, designed to comply with 14 CFR part 25 (Reference 1) for operation under 14 CFR part 91 (Reference 11) and 14 CFR part 121 (Reference 2), and also in compliance with FAA Advisory Circulars AC25.812-1A (Reference 3) and AC25.812-2 (Reference 10). It is not the purpose of an ARP to specify design methods to be followed in the accomplishment of the stated objectives.

A-20C Interior Lighting

Dassault Systèmes on everyone's side with 3D visualization for cabin design

15MEIP12_2112/01/2015

Dassault Systèmes announced just prior to the Paris Air Show the launch of “Passenger Experience,” what it describes as a new aerospace and defense industry solution experience that features high-end 3D visualization technology for customized aircraft cabins. As Pierre Marchadier, Vice President, Public Relations, Corporate Communications, and Global Events, Dassault Systèmes, told Aerospace Engineering at the Paris Air Show, “The passenger is the last bastion to conquer in the aerospace industry.”

Broge, Jean L.

Touch and Go

15AERP12_0112/01/2015

Gardner, Richard

Using Model-Based Security Engineering in the Development of Complex Aircraft Cabin Systems

2015-01-244509/15/2015

The increasing functionality associated with the rising complexity of aircraft cabin systems which are used by cabin crew, passengers, maintenance staff and other stakeholders, requires a reconsideration of the methods for the development of aircraft cabin systems. This paper deals with a model-based security engineering approach based on the so called Three-V-Model as an appropriate process model, which represents the governing system engineering process (SEP) associated with the safety engineering process (SafEP) and the security engineering process (SecEP). All three processes are pursued concurrently and are interacting reciprocally by working within the same system model on each development level. We describe in detail the involved model-based security engineering activities of the SecEP and the integration of the CORAS risk analysis method in a consistent System Modeling Language (SysML) approach. Finally we demonstrate how the interactions between the SEP and the SecEP with the

Hintze, Hartmut, God, Ralf

Quantifying Hands-Free Call Quality in an Automobile

2015-01-233506/15/2015

Hands-free phone use is the most utilized use case for vehicles equipped with infotainment systems with external microphones that support connection to phones and implement speech recognition. Critically then, achieving hands-free phone call quality in a vehicle is problematic due to the extremely noisy nature of the vehicle environment. Noise generated by wind, mechanical and structural, tire to road, passengers, engine/exhaust, HVAC air pressure and flow are all significant contributors and sources of noise. Other factors influencing the quality of the phone call include microphone placement, cabin acoustics, seat position of the talker, noise reduction of the hands-free system, etc. This paper describes the work done to develop procedures and metrics to quantify the effects that influence the hands-free phone call quality. It will be shown that a listening study of using 49 evaluators, indicated that the ETSI EG 202 396-3EG (VoIP Standard) for SMOS (Speech Mean Opinion Score) and

Amman, Scott, Charette, Francois, Nicastri, Paul, Huber, John, Richardson, Brigitte, Puskorius, Gint, Gur, Yuksel, Cooprider, Anthony

Experimental Measurements of Stored Energy in Vehicle's Cockpit Module at Cold Temperatures

2015-01-036504/14/2015

Experimental studies have been conducted to determine the energy stored in vehicle's Cockpit Module (CPM) at cold soaking conditions for a MY2012 production vehicle. Detailed analysis has been done in this paper to show the influence of energy stored in various components (e.g., Instrument panel, HVAC system, heat exchanger, wire harness, etc.) contained within the CPM unit. Experiments conducted show that the instrument panel stores the maximum amount of energy at a given temperature.

Mathur, Gursaran D.

Fast and Efficient Detection of Shading of the Objects

2015-01-037104/14/2015

The human thermal comfort, which has been a subject of extensive research, is a principal objective of the automotive climate control system. Applying the results of research studies to the practical problems require quantitative information of the thermal environment in the passenger compartment of a vehicle. The exposure to solar radiation is known to alter the thermal environment in the passenger compartment. A photovoltaic-cell based sensor is commonly used in the automotive climate control system to measure the solar radiation exposure of the passenger compartment of a vehicle. The erroneous information from a sensor however can cause thermal discomfort to the occupants. The erroneous measurement can be due to physical or environmental parameters. Shading of a solar sensor due to the opaque vehicle body elements is one such environmental parameter that is known to give incorrect measurement. The fundamental geometric principles of the intersection of a line segment and a plane can

Kakade, Rupesh Sonu, Mer, Prashant

Agricultural Tractor Cabin Structure Design for Durability and Rollover Protective Structure Test

2015-26-016301/14/2015

A cabin on an agricultural tractor is meant to protect the operator from harsh environment, dust and provide an air conditioned space. As it is an enclosed space, cabin structure should be a crashworthiness structure and should not cause serious injury to operator in case of tractor roll over. There are International standard like OECD Code 4, SAE J2194 which regulates the crashworthiness of this protective structure. The roll-over protective structure (ROPS) is characterized by the provision of space for a clearance zone large enough to protect the operator in case of tractor overturn. None of the cabin parts should enter into the clearance zone for operator safety. In addition to meeting ROPS test criteria, the cabin structural strength should be optimized for the required tractor life. In this paper, simulation process has been established to design an agricultural tractor cabin structure and its mountings to meet the above requirements. A Design Verification Plan (DVP) has been

Kumar, Abhay, Mahajan, Arun, Prasanth, S, Darekar, Sudhir, Chellan, Jagadeesan, Kumar, K Ashok, Ranjith Kumar, Jeya Kumar

Quantification of Trace Chemicals Using the Vehicle Cabin Atmosphere Monitor

TBMG-20581

09/01/2014

A software program analyzes data measured by the Vehicle Cabin Atmosphere Monitor (VCAM) and quantifies the concentrations of trace chemicals detected by VCAM. The software contains a unique way to quantify the signal measured by VCAM, to establish the concentration curve, and to decide which gain mode data to use for concentration estimation. It solves the problem of quantifying the concentration of trace chemicals in the International Space Station (ISS) internal air using the VCAM miniature gas-chromatograph/mass spectrometer instrument.

LED Lighting Masters the Art of In-Flight Calm

TBMG-1870211/01/2013

Aboard a state-of-the-art aircraft might be the last place you would think of yourself enjoying a warm “candlelit” dinner, followed by a good night’s sleep under a starry night sky. The truth is, the latest aircraft cabins seek to provide just that – a revolutionary in-flight experience through the use of mood lighting. Mood lighting uses the full spectrum of colors and the ability to change these colors continuously with LEDs to mimic or enhance a sunrise morning or a bright, fresh afternoon, or a cool evening that winds down the day. These lighting effects even seek to reduce your likelihood of jetlag. LED lighting programs can be specifically designed to gradually shift your waking and sleeping biorhythms to match that of your destination city.

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