Browse Topic: Vehicle charging

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SAE TOMORROW TODAY - Removing Roadblocks to Fleet Electrification1351806/07/2025
What does it really take to electrify America's fleets? From skyrocketing insurance rates to policy risks to reduced incentives, the market dynamics are complex. Enter Electrada, a Cincinnati-based EV infrastructure company revolutionizing how fleets transition to clean energy. As the developer, owner, and operator of electric fueling assets, Electrada offers a unique 360 Charging-as-a-Service (CaaS) model that delivers zero capital investment, 99%+ uptime, predictable pricing, and expert management. Serving all fleet types across multiple transportation sectors, Electrada designs fully tailored, long-term EV charging solutions that reduce cost per mile from day one with no operational disruptions or price risk. Listen in as we sit down with Kevin Kushman, CEO of Electrada, to discuss the challenges and opportunities in the North American fleet electrification market. We'd love to hear from you. Share your comments, questions and ideas for future topics and guests to podcast@sae.org
Hineman, Marcie
SAE TOMORROW TODAY - Riding the EV Wave With Smarter Batteries1351705/29/2025
As OEMs race to deliver new vehicle lineups with greater speed and efficiency, the industry finds itself navigating a complex crossroads between full EVs and hybrid models. That's where ENNOVI steps in. With a focus on smarter battery management and cutting-edge electrical architecture, ENNOVI is staying agile--offering the right product mix to help OEMs and suppliers ride the wave of electrification, battery technology improvements, and market shifts without missing a beat. Listen in as we sit down with Ron Puhl, Global Director of Engineering and Product Portfolio, to discuss how ENNOVI's Current Collector System (CCS) is helping to improve the overall package size of batteries while reducing costs. It's a unique discussion with deep insight into consumer EV demand and industry trends. We'd love to hear from you. Share your comments, questions and ideas for future topics and guests to podcast@sae.org. Don't forget to take a moment to follow SAE Tomorrow Today--a podcast where we
Hineman, Marcie
Quantitative Analysis of a Hybrid Electric HMMWV for Fuel Economy Improvement2024-01-335604/23/2025
ABSTRACT This paper presents a quantitative analysis and comparison of fuel economy and performance of a series hybrid electric HMMWV (High Mobility Multi-purpose Wheeled Vehicle) military vehicle with a conventional HMMWV of equivalent size. Hybrid vehicle powertrains show improved fuel economy gains due to optimized engine operation and regenerative braking. In this paper, a methodology is presented by which the fuel economy gains due to optimized engine are isolated from the fuel economy gains due to regenerative braking. Validated vehicle models as well as data collected on test tracks are used in the quantitative analysis. The regenerative braking of the hybrid HMMWV is analyzed in terms of efficiency from the kinetic energy at the wheels to the portion of regenerative power which is retrievable by the battery. The engine operation of both the series hybrid and conventional HMMWV are analyzed using a 2-D bin analysis methodology. Finally, the vehicle model is used to make
Nedungadi, Ashok, Masrur, Abul, Khalil, Gus
Effect of Mesopore Structure of Carbon Gel on Improving the Capacity of Electric Double-Layer Capacitors2024-32-002604/18/2025
Electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) store charge by adsorbing ions at the electrode-electrolyte interface, offering fast charge/discharge rates, high power density, minimal heat generation, and long cycle life. These characteristics make EDLCs ideal for memory backup in electronic devices and power assistance in electric and hybrid vehicles. However, their energy density is lower than that of batteries, necessitating improvements in electrical capacity and potential. Traditionally, activated carbon with a high specific surface area has been used, but recent research focuses on mesoporous carbon materials for better ion diffusion. This study uses resorcinol-formaldehyde-carbon cryogel (RFCC) with mesopores and organic electrolytes with a wider electrochemical window. Various RFCCs with different pore sizes were synthesized and evaluated. Comprehensive investigations into the pore structures and surface properties of both synthesized carbon gels and commercial mesoporous materials
Cheng, Zairan, Okamura, Tsubasa, Ohnishi, Yuto, Nakagawa, Kiyoharu
SAE TOMORROW TODAY BRIEFS - NEVI and America's EV Charging Future1350904/03/2025
The National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Program (NEVI) is a $5 billion initiative aimed at developing EV charging infrastructure across all 50 states and Puerto Rico. However, recent executive orders have put the program and its funding on hold. To dig into what this all means, Roberto Baldwin, Sustainability Editor, SAE Sustainable Mobility Solutions, recently sat down with Andrew Wishnia, Senior Vice President at Boundary Stone Partners, to discuss what NEVI is all about and what the future holds for this EV charging infrastructure initiative. For more information on the evolution of sustainability, head on over to sustainablecareers.sae.org. There, you can check out our drive of the new 2025 Ioniq 5, the first non-Telsa EV to hit the road with SAE J3400 (a.k.a., NACS). We'd love to hear from you. Share your comments, questions and ideas for future topics and guests to podcast@sae.org. Don't forget to take a moment to follow SAE Tomorrow Today--a podcast where we discuss
Hineman, Marcie
SAE TOMORROW TODAY - AI-Powered Solution for Seamless EV Charging1350703/20/2025
It's no secret that the EV charging experience can be a frustrating one. But what if you could connect the various EV charging networks to apps and services, standardizing them into a single point of integration? One company is doing just that by harnessing data to create a seamless, secure, and reliable EV charging experience. Meet Emobi, the leader in critical digital infrastructure that delivers a single point of integration to a vast network of EV charging stations and e-mobility partners through advanced AI and data refinement models. As the largest roaming ecosystem in North America, the company also enables traditional and streamlined (JustPlug) Plug & Charge technology, facilitating automatic charging identification between EVs and chargers. The company is trusted by EV manufacturers, startups, utilities, and U.S. government agencies alike. To learn more, we sat down with Lin Sun Fa, CEO, Emobi, to discuss how his company's solutions are unifying the fragmented e-mobility
Hineman, Marcie
Optimizing Electric Vehicle Charging Station Locations Based on Urban Road Network Congestion Tracing2025-01-721603/19/2025
Exhaust emissions from congested road segments constitute a significant source of urban air pollution. Resolving traffic congestion throughout the road network presents considerable challenges. However, alleviating tailpipe emissions on congested roads can be achieved by increasing the proportion of electric vehicles (EVs) in the traffic flow. Therefore, we propose a method for optimizing the layout of EV charging stations based on urban road networks congestion tracing. This method traces congestion sources through similarity between road networks, and evaluates the installation potential value of adjacent candidate installation points using the congestion contribution degree of the road segment as an indicator. The analysis is conducted on 100 routes within the Qinhuai district of Nanjing city, using spatiotemporal similarity metrics. The utilization of point-of-interest and traffic data from online mapping sources overcomes the complexity of road network structure and the sparsity
Zeng, Wenyi, Jian, Lu, Hu, Xiaojian
SAE TOMORROW TODAY BRIEFS - Power Grid Solutions for EV Charging1349901/28/2025
How do we balance the demands of EV charging with the capabilities of the power grid? The answer lies in coordination between automakers, consumers and utilities. Enter ChargeScape, a software platform that harnesses data analytics and managed EV charging to reward drivers for their flexibility and reduce the total cost of EV ownership. The goal is sustainable, affordable energy from a reliable power grid. To learn more, Roberto Baldwin, Sustainability Editor, SAE Sustainable Mobility Solutions, sat down with Joseph Vellone, CEO of ChargeScape, to discuss the complexities of the power grid and how flexible EV charging can reward consumers and boost EV ownership. For more information on the evolution of sustainability, head on over to sustainablecareers.sae.org. There, you can check out the latest news from CES 2025 including the Honda 0 Series, Toyota's Woven City, and Sony's Afeela 1. We'd love to hear from you. Share your comments, questions and ideas for future topics and guests to
Hineman, Marcie
SAE TOMORROW TODAY BRIEFS - Top EV Trends to Watch in 20251349601/16/2025
2024 saw several advancements in EV technology and charging capabilities including the rollout of the National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure (NEVI) program and the growing adoption of the J3400 charging standard. Looking ahead to 2025, new EV models and more affordable options are poised to make an impact, capturing public interest and continuing to drive adoption, even amidst current EV infrastructure challenges and the potential rollback of EV tax credits. To break down the key EV headlines of 2024 and what to expect in the year ahead, Roberto Baldwin, Sustainability Editor, SAE Sustainable Mobility Solutions, sat down with Patrick George, Editor-in-Chief of InsideEVs, the go-to online publications for all things electrification. For more information on the evolution of sustainability, head on over to sustainablecareers.sae.org. There, you can learn about the announcement of the universal plug and charge platform. We'd love to hear from you. Share your comments, questions and ideas
Hineman, Marcie
SAE TOMORROW TODAY BRIEFS - How to Scale EV Charging at Gas Stations1349312/25/2024
As EV charging infrastructure grows and evolves, so too does the role of gas stations, convenience stores, and auto repair shops -- all of which are key players in a thriving mobility ecosystem. Enter Vontier, a global industrial technology company transforming fueling and charging infrastructure, convenience store technology and fleet management. By helping service station owners become "charge point operators," Vontier is a enabling a shift to better support consumers? needs and increase profitability in an evolving market. To learn more, Roberto Baldwin, Sustainability Editor, SAE Sustainable Mobility Solutions, sat down with Mark Morelli, CEO, Vontier, to discuss how his company is harnessing its market-leading expertise in mobility technologies to usher in a new era of convenience. For more information on the evolution of sustainability, head on over to sustainablecareers.sae.org. There, you can learn about the latest EV announcements from the LA Auto Show including the Hyundai
Hineman, Marcie
Researchers Discover a Surprising Way to Jump-Start Battery PerformanceTBMG-5214012/01/2024
A lithium-ion battery’s very first charge is more momentous than it sounds. It determines how well and how long the battery will work from then on — in particular, how many cycles of charging and discharging it can handle before deteriorating.
CAM-7®/LTO Lithium-Ion Cells for Logistically Robust 6T Vehicle Batteries2024-01-362911/15/2024
ABSTRACT CAMX Power is developing Li-ion pouch cells and batteries based on its proprietary CAM-7® cathode material and commercially available lithium titanate (LTO) anode material to provide high power, high charging rate capability, long life, safety and configurational flexibility in military vehicle batteries. The CAM-7®/LTO technology can be discharged to 0 V with no loss in performance, has excellent tolerance for cell voltage reversal and cell overcharge as well as having excellent elevated-temperature storage stability, making it ideally suited for batteries that can be logistically managed with little or no maintenance or environmental controls. These same properties make CAM-7®/LTO technology well-suited for implementing in damage-tolerant, minimally managed, batteries that are structurally distributed and integrated in military vehicles.
Ofer, David, Kaplan, Daniel, Menard, Mark, Yang, Celine, Dalton-Castor, Sharon, McCoy, Chris, Barnett, Brian, Sriramulu, Suresh
Quantitative Analysis of a Hybrid Electric HMMWV for Fuel Economy Improvement2024-01-3356-TEST-REC11/15/2024
ABSTRACT This paper presents a quantitative analysis and comparison of fuel economy and performance of a series hybrid electric HMMWV (High Mobility Multi-purpose Wheeled Vehicle) military vehicle with a conventional HMMWV of equivalent size. Hybrid vehicle powertrains show improved fuel economy gains due to optimized engine operation and regenerative braking. In this paper, a methodology is presented by which the fuel economy gains due to optimized engine are isolated from the fuel economy gains due to regenerative braking. Validated vehicle models as well as data collected on test tracks are used in the quantitative analysis. The regenerative braking of the hybrid HMMWV is analyzed in terms of efficiency from the kinetic energy at the wheels to the portion of regenerative power which is retrievable by the battery. The engine operation of both the series hybrid and conventional HMMWV are analyzed using a 2-D bin analysis methodology. Finally, the vehicle model is used to make
Nedungadi, Ashok, Masrur, Abul, Khalil, Gus
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Scaling Wireless EV Charging with SAE J29541348410/30/2024
How close is the EV industry to commercializing wireless charging? The answer lies in the SAE J2954 standard which establishes an industry-wide specification that defines the acceptable criteria for interoperability, electromagnetic compatibility, EMF, minimum performance, safety, and testing for wireless power transfer (WPT) of light-duty plug-in electric vehicles. For the latest insight, we sat down with Jesse Schneider, CEO/CTO, ZEV Station, and Chair, SAE Wireless Charging Taskforce for SAE J2954, and Ky Sealy, Engineering Fellow, WiTricity, and Subteam Lead of Wireless Charging Alignment for SAE J2954, to discuss the recent developments and the next generation of wireless power transfer. For more on the evolution of wireless charging adoption from ZEV Station and WiTricity, check out Episode 166 and Episode 114 in our back catalog. And if developing industry standards interests you, consider joining an SAE Committee. For more information, please email Standards Specialist, Dante
Hineman, Marcie
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: The Rise of Electrified Two-Wheelers1348310/21/2024
EVs don't always have four wheels. Enter the rise of smart electric two-wheel vehicles, including e-scooters and e-bikes, both of which are growing mobility options in cities across the U.S. and globally. To learn more about this rising trend, Roberto Baldwin, Sustainability Editor, SAE Sustainable Mobility Solutions, sat down with Joseph Constanty, Director of Global Strategy & Corporate Development, NIU Technologies, to discuss how his company is diversifying and expanding globally to provide consumers with a variety of smart electric two-wheel options. For more information on the evolution of sustainability, head on over to sustainablecareers.sae.org. There, you can learn why wireless EV charging is finally ready for primetime. We'd love to hear from you. Share your comments, questions and ideas for future topics and guests to podcast@sae.org. Don't forget to take a moment to follow SAE Tomorrow Today--a podcast where we discuss emerging technology and trends in mobility with the
Hineman, Marcie
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Taking Fleet Electrification to the Next Level1348210/14/2024
How can companies electrify their fleets without the high costs and challenges of owning EV infrastructure? One company has the answer. Founded in 2017, Zeem Solutions is the leading provider of contract-based EV charging and fleet management services, serving more than 15,000 qualified fleets. With charging, parking, leasing, and co-locating solutions at secure hubs in major transport locations, Zeem is on a mission to help companies make the transition from diesel to electric. To learn more, we sat down with Paul Gioupis, Founder and CEO, Zeem Solutions, to discuss the importance of lowering operational costs with an EV charging depot model and how the company plans to scale nationwide. We'd love to hear from you. Share your comments, questions and ideas for future topics and guests to podcast@sae.org. Don't forget to take a moment to follow SAE Tomorrow Today--a podcast where we discuss emerging technology and trends in mobility with the leaders, innovators and strategists making it
Hineman, Marcie
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Refining SAE J3400 for Standardized EV Charging1348010/02/2024
As most EV enthusiasts know, the Tesla-developed North American Charging System (NACS) is being standardized as SAE J3400 -- unlocking the ability for any EV supplier or manufacturer to use, manufacture, or deploy the J3400 connector on EVs and at charging stations across North America. Recently, the SAE J3400 NACS Task Force voted to establish the J3400 standard as a recommended practice, marking a significant step forward in the standardization process and demonstrating the importance of collaboration in moving the EV industry forward. To learn more, we sat down with Christian Thiele, Director, Global Ground Vehicle Standards, SAE International, and Dr. Rodney McGee, Ph.D., P.E., Chairman, SAE J3400 NACS Task Force, and Chief Engineer at the University of Delaware, to discuss how the J3400 standard is bringing industry together to build a unified and reliable EV infrastructure that supports the widespread adoption of EVs. Join the global EV ecosystem leader! The SAE EV Charging PKI
Hineman, Marcie
SAE TOMORROW TODAY BRIEFS: How "Talking" Cyber Tires Make Driving Safer1347909/23/2024
What if your tires could talk? And your car would listen? Pirelli's new Cyber Tyres use Bluetooth-connected sensors to communicate directly with the car, using data to make adjustments in real time. This information - including temperature and pressure - is vital when it comes to increasing safety. To learn more, Roberto Baldwin, Sustainability Editor, SAE Sustainable Mobility Solutions, sat down with Pierangelo Misani, Global Head of R&D for Pirelli, to discuss how this game-changing technology and the company's partnership with Bosch is shifting connected tire technology from reactive to proactive. For more information on the evolution of sustainability, head on over to sustainablecareers.sae.org. There, you can check out our interview with the Polestar CEO about the future of charging.
Hineman, Marcie
SAE TOMORROW TODAY BRIEFS: Why AC Charging Deserves More Attention1347809/16/2024
When it comes to EV charging infrastructure, much of the focus centers on DC fast charging. However, AC charging may be just as important to EV adoption due to its lower cost and simplicity. To learn more, Roberto Baldwin, Sustainability Editor, SAE Sustainable Mobility Solutions, sat down with Sam Abuelsamid, Principal Research Analyst at Guidehouse Insights, to discuss why AC charging deserves more attention on the journey toward mass EV adoption. For more information on the evolution of sustainability, head on over to sustainablecareers.sae.org. There, you can learn how Polestar is bringing EV production to the United States.
Hineman, Marcie
SAE TOMORROW TODAY BRIEFS: The Return of Inexpensive EVs1346306/26/2024
For the average car buyer, EVs have two major sticking points: a lack of charging infrastructure and a hefty price tag. Fortunately, both of those issues will be addressed with the move to the North American Charging System (NACS) -- standardized as SAE J3400 -- and the necessary return of less expensive EVs. Listen in as Roberto Baldwin, Sustainability Editor, SAE Sustainable Mobility Solutions, discusses the inexpensive EV options hitting the market over the next few years. For more information on the evolution of sustainability, head on over to sustainablecareers.sae.org. If you're not quite ready to add an EV to your household, watch our plug-in hybrid explainer video to get up to speed.
Hineman, Marcie
SAE TOMORROW TODAY BRIEFS: EV Batteries That Run on Sunshine--Or in the Cold1346006/12/2024
It's no secret that installing EV charging stations can be time-consuming. But what if you could use the power of the sun? Beam Global is doing just that -- not only on land, but in the water and sky as well. Beam's research and work in thermal management enables EV batteries to charge in a hot or cold environments. Using clean energy solutions like solar power, Beam deploys EV charging infrastructure in minutes not months -- with no permitting, no construction, and no electrical work. Listen in as Roberto Baldwin, Sustainability Editor, SAE Sustainable Mobility Solutions, sits down with Said Al-Hallaj, Chief Battery Scientist, Beam Global, to discuss the rapidly deployed and scalable EV charging solutions, the challenges of electrification in the air and water, and the importance of thermal management. For more information on the evolution of sustainability, head on over to sustainablecareers.sae.org. There you can read about how GM is pushing back on media coverage that growth in the
Hineman, Marcie
A Study on Effect of Regenerative Braking on Vehicle Range and Axle Life.2024-26-024001/16/2024
During braking condition in EVs, the braking energy is split between the friction braking & regenerative braking. The friction brake fraction will be lost as heat & regenerative brake fraction is converted into electrical energy. In regeneration mode the amount of energy harnessed depends on the regenerative torque available & the rate at which that torque is achieved. If the regenerative torque is higher and if the rate of achieving that torque is higher, energy harnessed will be higher. But higher regenerative torque & higher rate of torque affect the life of the axle components like bevel gear, crown wheel pinion, spider gear & bearing etc & causes gear failure like gear pitting on coast side if proper regeneration torque maps are not defined. This paper gives an outline on effect of different regenerative braking torque values and their rate on the vehicle range and reliability, failure & life of the axle components. Initially an ideal situation with 100% regeneration torque
S, Srivatsa, Pethkar, Shivanand, Ghosh, Sandeep
Electric Vehicle charging Interruptions2024-26-013701/16/2024
This paper presents, an analysis of different kind of technical issues encountered while charging electric vehicle using plug-in charger. The electric vehicles is charged periodically, based on charging system configuration and requirements set by the vehicle. However, in certain instances, vehicle charging was interrupted and does not charge the battery completely. Therefore, condition of the itineraries get affected due to interruption of charging. To deal with such situation it is required to upgrade the charging process. Using logged vehicle measurement data, we analyzed the problem and updated the software and hardware in vehicle. The root cause of analysis showed how charging is interrupted and vehicle remains idle while coupler is still engaged. In this method, we identified different reasons of interruptions - mistaken communication while charging, power supply(Charger) failure, short protection, component leakage, charging facilities. This analysis were very useful in deriving
Ambuskar, Mandar Maruti
A Traffic Microsimulation Based Study of an Electric Road System with Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer2024-26-010201/16/2024
Electrification of road transport is a critical step towards establishment of a sustainable transport ecosystem. However, a major hindrance to electric mobility is the high cost and weight of the battery pack. Downsizing the battery pack will not only address these issues, but will also reduce embedded emissions due to battery manufacturing. One approach towards reducing battery pack size and still offering the user of electric vehicles similar mobility experiences as in case of conventional vehicles is to set up extensive network of charging or battery swapping stations. Another approach is to provide the vehicle with required energy while it is on the move. However, conventional systems such as overhead line or conducting rails have several disadvantages in the urban environment. One solution that has come up in this regard in recent times is the concept of Electric Roads System (ERS), which involves dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) to the vehicles from power transmitters
Sardar, Arghya, Prasad, Mukti
Study on Range Improvement Controls and Method for Electric Vehicles2024-26-013201/16/2024
Electric Vehicles are rapidly growing in the market yet various failure incidents were noted all along the globe. On the other hand, range anxiety has greatly inspired manufacturers to explore new practices to improve. One of the most important components of an EV is the battery, which converts chemical energy to electrical energy thereby liberating heat energy as the loss. This heat loss when high, capability of system to deliver required energy to wheels is reduced significantly. With a higher heat loss in the battery, system is prone to failure or reduced mileage. Therefore, controlling/maintaining system temperature under safe usable zone even during harsh conditions is ideal. Simple reduction in energy consumption of electrical cooling/heating devices used with regenerative energy techniques can greatly help in range improvement. The intention of this paper is to explore easy methods to improve electric vehicle range in different ambient conditions. Few of the key benefactors here
MR, Vikram, Pattalwar, Ashutosh, Verma, Mrinal, Bawa, Vikas
Optimization of Charging Infrastructure for Fleet Customers2024-26-009201/16/2024
In a rush to move towards a sustainable future, the number of electric vehicles has risen significantly in recent years. With this, the need for power to charge those vehicles has also increased. In any electric vehicle fleet location, there could be a large number of vehicles with different arrival and departure times and energy requirements, which might vary every day. Depending on the geographical location, the available solar energy might differ. The electricity costs might change on an hourly basis. This in total can affect the charging costs. In addition, a non-optimal sizing of the energy components could result in an under-sized system, where the energy demands are not met, or it could result in an over-sized system, where the owner has to invest more than required. Based on all the information related to vehicle charging load, electricity charges, energy intensity profile of renewable energy generation like solar and wind, an optimal size of components, operational cost, and
Munirajappa, Chandrashekara, Shrivastava, Himanshu, Prasad P, Shilpa
Regeneration Calibration for optimum Range and effective brakes performances in eSUV2024-26-011001/16/2024
Regenerative braking is an effective approach for electric vehicles (EVs) to extend their driving range. To enhance the braking performances and regenerative energy, regenerative braking control strategy based on multi objective optimisation is explained in this paper. This technical paper would be focusing on extracting optimum Range with effective brake performances without affecting drivability and performances in different drives modes. An extensive research study on public road driving patterns is done to understand the percentage utilisation of brakes at various (low-mid-high) speeds as per the customer driving behavior. Multi-Objective optimisation function with three vital factors is defined where output generated power, torque smoothness and current smoothness are selected as optimisation objective to improve the driving range, braking comfort, and battery lifetime respectively. Braking regeneration maps are calibrated along with optimised foundation brake hardware’s to get
KUMAR, Prabhakar, K, Rajakumar, Krishnan, Nandhakumar, Suhail, Mohammed thamjeed
Automated Charging Methodology for Fleet Operated EV Buses to Reduce Down Time and Increase Safety at Charging Station2024-26-011201/16/2024
Prime concern for electric vehicle where the application of the vehicle is public transport, is the charging of vehicle and operation of its infrastructure. Such an example of operating the EV buses is under the GCC (gross cost contract) model, with high operation time and comparatively lesser time for charging. It is challenging to meet these requirements. To counter this situation in fleet operated busses it is proposed to adapt an automated charging method which involves minimum man power intervention and automated mechanism to connect & disconnect the charging connectors. This paper proposes an automated pantograph mechanism based method of charging EV buses, meeting requirements as per SAE J3105 & ISO 15118 standards, which would be an ideal way to resolve the current situation. In the above mentioned pantograph type charging, the charging station or depot will have an infrastructure including charger whose input will be from grid, and the charging dispenser will be pantographs
gullyal, Avinash, Ahmed, Yasir, Amancharla, Naga Chaithanya, kinjalkar, Milind
Do EVs Snore?2025-01-007405/05/2023
As EV and PHEV adoption continues to increase more people will have direct experiences with these quieter vehicles in their daily lives. Topics such as 'propulsion sound' via Active Sound Design (ASD) and bystander safety through Acoustic Vehicle Alerting Systems (AVAS) have been discussed widely for many, many years...but who is talking about Charging Noise? Charging noise is a less spoken about topic because most EV / PHEV owners will charge their vehicles at their home, in their garage or their driveway, overnight when they are sleeping. Because of that people do not think much about charging noise. But anyone who has plugged in their car overnight will tell you a strange cacophony of sounds come from the car...and some can be downright concerning. In this paper data from several production EVs were measured during their normal charging cycle. Binaural recordings made inside and outside the vehicle are analyzed using psychoacoustics metrics to see what sounds would cause the most
Marroquin, Marc, Bray, Wade
Electric Bus NVH Challenges and Refinement Using Innovative Approach2025-01-008005/05/2023
The trend towards electrification propulsion in the automotive industry is highly in demand due to zero-emission and becoming more significant across the world. Battery electric vehicles have lower overall noise as compared to conventional I.C Engine counterparts due to the absence of combustion engine noise. However, other narrowband and tonal noises are becoming dominant and are strongly perceived inside the cabin. With the ongoing push towards electrification, there is likely to be increased focus on the noise impact of gearing required for the transmission of power from the electric motor to the road. Direct coupling of E-motors with Axle has resulted in severe tonal noises from the driveline due to instant e-motor torque ramp up from 0 rpm and reverse torque on driving axle during regenerative braking. The tonal noises from the rear axle during vehicle running become very critical for customer perception. For automotive NVH engineers, it has become a challenge to balance expected
Doshi, Sohin, Kalsule, Dhanaji, Sawangikar, Pradeep, Suresh, Vineeth, Sharma, Manish
Comparison of On-Road Highway Fuel Economy and All-Electric Range to Label Values: Are the Current Label Procedures Appropriate for Battery Electric Vehicles?2023-01-034904/11/2023
As consumers transition from internal combustion engine (ICE)-powered vehicles to battery electric vehicles (BEV), they will expect the same fuel economy label-to-on-road correlation. Current labeling procedures for BEVs allow a 0.7 or higher multiplier to be applied to the unadjusted fuel economy and range values. For ICE-powered vehicles, the adjustment factor decreases with increasing unadjusted fuel economy and can be lower than 0.7. To better inform consumers, starting in 2016, Car and Driver added an on-road highway fuel-economy test, conducted at 120 kph (75 mph), that augments the performance metrics that it's been measuring since the 1950s. For electric vehicles, testing includes an evaluation of the all-electric range.The on-road test results were aligned with the certification information for each vehicle model including unadjusted and label fuel economy and range, road load force coefficients, and labeling options. Tractive energy and kinetic energy available for
Pannone, Gregory, VanderWerp, Dave
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: What Role Do Electric Utilities Have in the EV Space?1336811/17/2022
As demand for EVs grows, so too does the role of electric utilities. From powering the grid to ensuring the reliability of EV charging stations, the electric utility industry plays a pivotal role in accelerating EV adoption. For more than a century, Duquesne Light Company (DLC) has delivered electricity to more than 600,000 customers in the Pittsburgh region. Currently, there are more than 6,000 EVs in DLC's service territory -- and they expect that number to grow to more than 23,000 by the end of 2025. With this projected growth, DLC is not only providing reliable power, but EV information analysis and incentives like a Community Charging Program and Electric Fleet Advisory Service Program. We sat down with Sarah Olexsak, Senior Manager, Transportation Electrification, to discuss the role of electric utilities and how DLC is supporting EV adoption in Western Pennsylvania.
Hineman, Marcie
Feasibility Analysis of Biogas-Based Charging Station using MATLAB Simulation2022-28-041211/09/2022
Electric vehicles' rapid adoption demands a vast quantity of energy. Alternative energy sources are being highlighted as a result of the finite supply of order of fossil resources to create the long-term power supply industry with eco-friendly products. It has immense prospects for energy sources such as biogas and biomass. A 20 kW biogas-powered electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) with a maximum energy requirement of 100 kWh is shown in this study. This work uses the MATLAB Simulink to design a biogas-based EVCS. On a daily basis, the suggested charging point can recharge 15-20 electric vehicles. The proposed approach is more energy-efficient than grid electricity. Furthermore, when compared to charging stations with power systems, The planned charging station produces 58.75% less CO2. Furthermore, for simple electric bicycles and rickshaws, the suggested EVCS will save $ 16.25 and $ 27.50 each month, respectively. The study includes the effects of solar irradiation, biomass, and
PC, Murugan, Saminathan, Sathiskumar, K, Jiiva, Soundara Baranidaran, D
Numerical Investigation of cylindrical Li-Ion Battery Pack Thermal Management2022-28-041811/09/2022
Rapid movement of vehicle industry towards electrification has generated need for efficient and time saving methods to predict temperature across battery pack in different operating conditions which will assist in designing effective cooling methods for battery. The main requirements for efficient working of Li-Ion battery are (a) optimum operating temperature range and (b) small variation of temperature across the battery pack cells. Temperature across pack increases during charging and discharging cycles of battery in different operating cycles of machine. Especially due to high current rates in discharging, there is large temperature rise in battery. Elevated temperature profiles inside battery adversely affects many performance parameters like power, charge acceptance, life cycle and influences electrochemical reaction inside cells. Temperatures above the specified limits will cause degradation of performance and deterioration of material. If dissipation of heat is not efficient
Dewangan, Nitin
Reliable Power for Long-Term Lunar Surface OperationsTBMG-4698111/07/2022
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Medical Lasers: When the Laser Application Requires Utmost SafetyTBMG-4695111/01/2022
The Electric Vehicle Infrastructure: New Opportunities in Learning, Certification and Human Development in the EV Charging IndustryWP-001409/30/2022
Menchaca, Frank
Calls for Papers - Attend - SAE InternationalSAE-WSC-0050409/21/2022
Calls for Papers - Attend - SAE InternationalSAE events cover every sector of the mobility industry. Click to learn more and submit your abstract for consideration today. Your experience, research and ideas can help shape the future — and SAE International® provides the perfect platform for sharing your expertise. With just a 250-word abstract, you can start on the road to a bigger career and increased recognition across the global mobility industry, while providing valuable information that will help today’s engineers make critical decisions. If your abstract is selected, you’ll tap into a variety of high-profile speaking and publishing opportunities that will elevate your professional profile. New to speaking and publishing? No problem — we offer a variety of to support you every step of the way. Start now, with just one paragraph! The European Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Conference, an SAE Sustainability Event, is a first-of-its-kind digital event that brings together
Estimating Brake Pad Life in Regenerative Braking Intensive Vehicle Applications2022-01-116109/19/2022
Regenerative braking without question greatly impacts brake pad service life in the field, in most cases extending it significantly. Estimating its impact precisely has not been an overriding concern - yet – due in part to the extensive sharing of brake components between regen-intensive battery-electric and hybrid vehicles, and their more friction-brake intensive internal combustion engine powered sibling. However, a multitude of factors are elevating the need for a more accurate estimation, including the emerging of dedicated electric vehicle architectures with opportunities for optimizing the friction brake design, a sharp focus on brake particulate emissions and the role of regenerative braking, a need to make design decisions for features such as corrosion protection for brake pad and pad slide components, and the emergence of driver-facing features such as Brake Pad Life Monitoring. Tackling this question raises questions such as “is the proven braking energy and temperature
Antanaitis, David, Robere, Matthew
Rule-based Power Management Strategy of Electric-Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicles: Case Study of A Class 8 Heavy-Duty Truck2022-01-090103/29/2022
Mobility in the automotive and transportation sector has been experiencing a period of unprecedented evolution. A growing need for efficient, clean and safe mobility has made a strong momentum toward sustainable technologies in this sector. Toward this end, battery electric vehicles have drawn keen interest and the market share is expected to grow significantly in the coming years, especially in light-duty applications such as passenger cars. Although battery electric vehicles feature high performance and zero emissions characteristics, economic and technical issues such as high battery cost, a short driving range, and limited infrastructure should be tackled. In particular, the low power density of battery electric vehicles limits their broad adoption in heavy-duty applications such as class 8 long haul trucks due to a size and weight of battery. In this work, motivated by the high power density and potential for improving energy efficiency through regenerative braking of a hydraulic
Yoon, Yongsoon, Romero, Giovanni, Nkemdilim-Dantzler, Emil, DelVescovo, Dan, Guessous, Laila
A Novel Vehicle-to-Vehicle Fast Charging Control System Utilizing Motor and Inverter in EV2022-01-019403/29/2022
As electric vehicles become more widespread, such vehicles may be subject to “range anxiety” due to the risk of discharging during driving or the discharging when left unused for a long period. Accordingly, a vehicle equipped with a mobile charger that can provide a charge in an emergency. The vehicle with the mobile charger is usually composed of a large capacity battery, a power converter in a small truck. However, the large capacity battery and the power converter are disadvantageous in that they are large in size and expensive and should be produced as a special vehicle. In this paper, we propose a method to solve the problem using an internal EV system without requiring an additional power generation, battery and a charging-and-discharging device. The method is a novel Vehicle-to-Vehicle fast charging control system utilizing motor and inverter in EV.
Choi, Jaehyuk, Song, ByeongSeob, Kim, SungKyu, Kim, Hyunsup, Kim, Talchol, Kim, SeokJoon, Cho, InYoung, Choi, YoungGon
Development of a Rapid Recurrent Recharging Architecture for Battery Electric Heavy Duty Commercial Vehicle Applications2022-01-091203/29/2022
Battery electric vehicles (BEV) in heavy duty (HD) commercial freight transport face challenging technoeconomic barriers to adoption. Specifically, beyond safety and compliance, fleet and operational logistics require both high up-time and parity with diesel system productivity/Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) to enable strong adoption of electrified powertrains. At present, relatively high energy storage costs coupled with the increased weight of BEV powertrains limit their practicality in HD commercial freight transport to shorter range applications, where smaller batteries will suffice for mission (operational shift) energy requirements. This paper presents an alternative approach to the feasibility of BEV HD trucking in a broader range of applications. The concept is based on the leveraging rapid and recurrent recharging of a BEV HD truck that may either already make frequent stops due to shipment drop-offs/reloading or be required to make frequent stops along a longer mission only
Sujan, Vivek Anand, Xie, Fei, Smith, David
A Cloud-Based Simulation and Testing Framework for Large-Scale EV Charging Energy Management and Charging Control2022-01-019503/29/2022
The emerging need of building an efficient Electric Vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure requires the investigation of all aspects of Vehicle-Grid Integration (VGI), including the impact of EV charging on the grid, optimal EV charging control at scale, and communication interoperability. This paper presents a cloud-based simulation and testing platform for the development and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) testing of VGI technologies. Although the HIL testing of a single charging station has been widely performed, the HIL testing of spatially distributed EV charging stations and communication interoperability is limited. To fill this gap, the presented platform is developed that consists of multiple subsystems: a real-time power system simulator (OPAL-RT), ISO 15118 EV Charge Scheduler System (EVCSS), and a Smart Energy Plaza (SEP) with various types of charging stations, solar panels, and energy storage systems. The subsystems can communicate with each other via message queuing telemetry
Wu, Zhouquan, Chen, Bo, Manne, Naga Nithin, Harper, Jason, Dobrzynski, Daniel
Novel Nanocrystalline Silver Alloy Coatings to Boost Performance of EV High Voltage Interconnects and Charging Interfaces2022-01-087403/29/2022
Electric vehicle performance needs challenge connector designers and powertrain engineers with new paradigms for performance under more rigorous operational conditions. Traditional connector design protocols direct the engineer to silver plating for the contact interface, but these coatings have a maximum interface temperature of 170 C (ambient temperature plus T-rise). To avoid thermal runaway, engineers have to derate the ampacity of powertrain connections, which reduces available energy delivery as the temperature increases. This is especially true during transient power events like regenerative braking and acceleration. The soft nature of silver coatings make them well suited for power delivery and low contact resistance, but requires an engineering trade-off for wear durability. This is especially problematic for charging connectors which require tens of thousands of mating cycles before failure. In this work, we demonstrate the performance enhancements that can be achieved using
Griffiths, Peteris, HILTY, Robert, Chan, Lisa, Cahalen, John
Proving Ground Durability Test Schedule Development for Electrified Vehicle Drivelines using Virtual Simulations2022-01-079003/29/2022
A new method is presented for developing proving ground durability tests for electrified vehicle (xEV) drivetrains. For xEVs, the durability tests must be able to capture the added driveline torques due to regenerative braking, customer battery charge/recharge usage, and battery power degradation over time. In terms of xEV duty cycle test schedule development, using actual vehicle data from specific proving ground test events might prove to be costly and time consuming. Furthermore, newer electrified prototype vehicles might not be available for trackside testing while still undergoing the design stage. The new method presented here aims to reduce the complexities of xEV proving ground duty cycle development with the use of a high-fidelity vehicle dynamics simulation model for electrified powertrains. The xEV model uses a mixture of forward (to predict speeds, given torque demands) and inverse dynamics (to predict torques, given constant speed requirements) to predict driveline
Mohamed, Richard, Salvatori, David, Ramakrishnan, Venkat, Magistrali, Stefano
Extending the Range of Electric Vehicles Through the Use of a Dual-Chemistry Battery System2022-01-085103/29/2022
Electric vehicle range and charging time are two factors which limit the acceptability of the electric powertrain as a practical replacement for those customers who need a vehicle for longer distance driving. The electric vehicle range is directly proportional to the useful energy available within the energy storage system. The useful energy can be increased by combining two complementary battery chemistries which operate in a parallel configuration. The dual chemistries combined with the appropriate supervisory controls are ratioed to allow the energy storage system to operate more efficiently, regardless of the driver demand. The energy transfer of the dual chemistry system is enhanced in both discharging and charging due to a reduction of I2R losses. This reduction in power losses while fast charging has the benefit of reducing the overall charging time and increasing the available SOC. Simulation of the system indicated additional benefits such as reduced stress, less internal
Potter, James
Towards brand-independent architectures, components and systems for next generation electrified vehicles optimised for the infrastructure2022-01-111703/29/2022
The virtual E-VOLVE (Electric Vehicle Optimized for Life, Value and Efficiency) Cluster is realizing and monitoring synergies between eight projects from the GV-01 Horizon 2020 call to execute joint dissemination, exploitation and standardization activities. The Projects ACHILES, CEVOLVER, SYS2WHEEL, EVC1000, and Multi-Moby are the members of the E-VOLVE Cluster that will present their achievements in this paper. Achiles, SYS2Wheel, EVC1000: The integration of the BEV demonstrators with the modeling, design and prototyping of the powertrain and chassis components has been successfully achieved with a new wheel concept and out-of-phase control for the brake system and a new torque vectoring algorithm for enhanced vehicle motion control. Performance and safety-related benefits of integrated corner solutions with in-wheel motors will be reported in the full paper. Optimized concepts for energy and thermal management will be outlined involving trip itinerary, range prediction, smart fast
Armengaud, Eric, Brandstätter, Bernhard, Biček, Matej, Buh, Joze, Sorniotti, Aldo, Hartavi, Ahu Ece, Schernus, Christof, Geury, Thomas, Arapoglou, Stella, Heydrich, Marius, Ivanov, Valentin
Field Safety Performance of Micro-mobility Devices2022-01-103103/29/2022
Micro-mobility devices, such as E-scooters and E-bikes, have become a prominent mode of transportation in urban environments. Even in a single location, a variety of suppliers, each with a different design, may be available for use. When new, the safety performance of the devices should be consistent for a given make, however, over time, braking performance may diminish. Acceleration characteristics may vary between suppliers, and could diminish over the life of the device, or possibly be dependent on the current state of charge of the device. Since the rider does not own or maintain the device, they would have limited understanding of the performance of a particular device in emergency conditions. A sample of publicly available E-scooters and E-bikes were tested to determine whether differences in acceleration and hard braking capabilities may be expected. The condition of the device tires and controls, and the battery state of charge, were inspected and documented. The findings are
Larson, Robert, Kuzel, Michael
Optimization of Electric Vehicle Wireless Power Transmission Efficiency Based on Antlion Optimization Algorithm 2022-01-095603/29/2022
As a technological innovation in the electric vehicle industry, magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission technology is of great significance to promote the development of the electric vehicle industry chain. The current wireless charging technology is affected by the design of the vehicle itself. The distance between the vehicle-mounted part of the wireless charging and the ground is not fixed, and the change of the parking attitude will cause the projective deviation of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, so it is reasonable to match the transmission frequency, matching impedance and other parameters It is of great significance for optimizing the efficiency of power transmission. This paper establishes a mathematical model of transmission frequency, matching impedance, distance between two coils and wireless power transmission efficiency. Based on the preliminary analysis of 10 experimental data of wireless charging vehicles in the laboratory under different
Lu, Xin, Fan, Longyu
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: SAE: Forging a New Mobility Ecosystem -Part 21317211/18/2021
The future of mobility is all about resiliency. How can we ensure that we have the energy capacity to sustain a fully electric future? Can solutions transfer across aerospace, passenger and commercial vehicle industries? SAE is in the middle of it all. Frank Menchaca, Chief Growth Officer at SAE International, says the industry is at an inflection point. In part 2 of the SAE series, Menchaca discusses the multi-phase set of initiatives the new Office of Sustainable Energy will tackle, including EV charge point payments, cybersecurity, regulation and range, and SAE's role in mobilizing a sustainable future. Think you know SAE? These episodes will have you thinking again. Intrigued? Meet Pete. Meet Skylar. And meet Violet.
Hineman, Marcie
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