Browse Topic: Charging stations

Items (171)
Find
Securing the Future of Electric Vehicle Charging: Identifying and Mitigating Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities2026-26-06141/16/2026
This paper examines the key security vulnerabilities present in modern EV charging infrastructure, with a focus on the potential threats to payment systems, communication protocols, physical security, and data privacy. In particular, it looks at the vulnerabilities associated with unencrypted communication, the risks of unauthorized access to charging stations, and the potential for denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. As the global adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) accelerates, the importance of a secure and reliable EV charging infrastructure becomes paramount. However, the expansion of charging stations and the growing integration of smart technologies introduce significant cybersecurity risks that must be addressed to ensure the safety, privacy, and reliability of the network. In addition to discussing emerging risks in relation to new technologies, such as Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) systems, and outlining the necessity of industry-wide collaboration and the development of standardized
Aggarwal, Akshit, Gupta, Saurabh, Sirohi, Kapil, Arisetty, Venkatesh, Chatterjee lng, Avik
Cybersecurity threats for connected passenger EV Buses of state transport units in India.2026-26-06101/16/2026
There are several chances to enhance fleet management, passenger safety, and operational efficiency by integrating connected technology into electric passenger buses, especially in Indian state transport agencies. But this connectivity also brings with it a fresh set of cybersecurity threats that might jeopardize these cars' dependability and security. With an emphasis on India's state-run bus fleets, this study examines the cybersecurity risks unique to connected electric vehicles (EVs) utilized for public transportation. Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and fleet management communication systems are examined for key vulnerabilities. Potential attack vectors are highlighted, including data interception, GPS spoofing, unauthorized access, and cyberattacks on charging stations. We also look at how these cybersecurity threats affect public safety, operational disruptions, and passenger privacy. This paper also assesses the difficulties Indian state transport
Mokhare, Devendra Ashok
Dynamic Voltage EV System (DVEVS): Achieving Enhanced Electric Vehicle Efficiency and Performance through switchable Series-Parallel Battery Configuration2026-26-02031/16/2026
The study here investigates on the Electric vehicles (EVs), which are often segmented by range or performance, typically offered as distinct entities. Powertrain design also tends to be either settled or performance focused. A significant challenge in the automotive world is the charging time of EVs, a key performance indicator impacting customer convenience. Battery technology is evolving, allowing for potential architectural changes in battery modules over time. Issues such as cell balancing lead to energy wastage in batteries, and thermal management is critical as increased current causes higher I2R power losses and heat generation. Battery weight negatively affects EV efficiency and range. Adapting to new battery cell technologies and architectures can be costly. Addressing these challenges, this paper presents on Dynamic Voltage EV System (DVEVS) as a solution to enhance EV efficiency by dynamically adjusting battery voltage based on driving conditions. Such as Utilizing a smart
Amberkar S, Sunil, Raool, Anuj Rajesh, M G, Shivanag, RAJAPURAM, BHEEMA REDDY
Comparative Analysis of Charger Identification Methods in Electric Truck Routing Algorithms2026-26-02061/16/2026
Optimizing Vehicle Routing is a key application for determining the most effective sequence of locations in electric trucks. This optimization not only enhances operational efficiency but also minimizes energy consumption and reduces overall costs. A critical aspect of Optimal Vehicle Routing is identifying charging stations along the route, particularly for electric vehicles with specific range requirements. The availability of these charging stations are crucial for maintaining the continuity of operations and preventing delays. This paper explores multiple methods for charger identification, simulating and comparing their effectiveness. The primary parameter for comparison is the execution time of the algorithm, which directly impacts the feasibility of real-time applications in logistics. The results of this study provide insights into the efficiency of different charger identification methods within the Optimal Vehicle Routing framework. By analysing execution times, the paper
Bhat, Adithya, Prasad P, Shilpa, Kolakar, Rakshita, Myers, Michael, Klein, Fischer, Shrivastava, Himanshu
Performance Analysis of Filter Resistance, Louver Airflow, and Fan Heat Dissipation to protect Swapping station Charger2026-26-01771/16/2026
Efficient thermal management in electric vehicle (EV) charging stations is critical for ensuring the reliability, safety, and longevity of power electronics. This study presents a comprehensive bench test analysis of three key parameters influencing charger cooling efficiency: filter resistance, louver airflow, and fan heat dissipation. A test bench was developed to measure pressure drop, temperature gradients, and air velocity variations across multiple filter types, louver orientations, and fan configurations. The results show that higher-efficiency filters (e.g., HEPA, MERV13) significantly reduce airflow, increasing thermal stress on electronic components, while optimized louver angles improve directional airflow, reduce turbulence, and enhance cooling performance. High-performance axial and centrifugal fans with adaptive control mechanisms further contribute to effective heat dissipation, maintaining stable operating temperatures under varying load conditions. This study provides
S, Sri Saran, chinnanna, Manjunath, Ajith, Arjun, B, Viswanathan, Kulkarni, Mukund, R, Vigneshwaran, Dhachinamoorthi, Sivanantham
Enhancing Cybersecurity Protocols for secure communication between electric vehicles (EV) and the electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE)2026-26-02021/16/2026
This paper discusses the cybersecurity precautions needed for EV and charger communication protocols to enable safe and reliable communication and charging. The Indian government's initiatives, such as the FAME program, aimed at accelerating electric vehicle (EV) adoption to combat pollution and global warming increased the establishment of DC fast charging infrastructure as well as the implementation of various communication protocols (GB/T, DC001, CHAdeMO, and CCS). The study describes the hazards encountered during EV charging, as well as the vulnerability and risk of hacking by cyber attackers. The paper exhibits the emulation of the charging setup, as well as the mitigation process required during it for a safe communication between EV and EV charger.
Uthaman, Sreekumar, Patil PhD, Urmila
Battery Thermal Management Approach for 2-Wheeler Electric Vehicles – An Indian Case Study2026-26-01511/16/2026
India's electric 2-wheeler (E2W) market has witnessed fast growth, driven by lucrative government policies. Two-wheeler market captures 73% volume of total Indian automotive market, representing the largest segment (Greaves Electric Mobility Limited report 2024). Consequently, all manufacturers of 2-wheelers are developing new electric vehicles (EV) tailored for the Indian market. However, the Indian EV market has witnessed multiple fire accidents in recent years, raising safety concerns among consumers and industry stakeholders. These incidents highlight key weakness in battery thermal management systems (BTMS), particularly during charging. Most existing E2W BTMS relies on passive air cooling, which has been associated with fire incidents due to its inefficiency in heat dissipation, particularly charging in India's high-temperature environment. Therefore, it is imperative to build thermally viable and economical BTMS for the growing E2W vehicles with fast charging capability. The
Emran, Ashraf, Sankhla, Harsh, Garg, Shivam, Raut PhD, Ankit, Hiremath, Vinodkumar, Berry, Sushil
A Comprehensive Study: The Potential of Wireless Charging in Future E Mobility.2026-26-01951/16/2026
Electric mobility is no longer a distant vision, it is a global imperative in the journey of fight against the climate change and the urban pollution. Yet, despite of explosive growth in the electric vehicle adoptions, a major bottleneck remains which is efficient and convenient charging. The current reliance on physical plug in charging station creates inconvenient, time consuming experience and also faces significant technical and economic challenges those threaten to stall the smooth clean transportation revolution. Without innovation in how we recharge our vehicle the promise of electric mobility appears under threat which is undermined by less efficient, less compatible, and infrastructure hurdles. Wireless charging technology stand out as the game changing breakthrough poised to tackle these all critical problems head on. By enabling the effortless, cable-free charging system across the wide spectrum of electric vehicles, from the personal cars to the public transport fleets and
Jain, Gaurav, PREMLAL, P, Pathak, Rahul, Gore, Pandurang
Intelligent Sequential Charging Control via Fleet-Managed Cloud System2026-26-02071/16/2026
Electric Vehicles (EV) are increasingly becoming more and more popular in the markets, especially in the commercial vehicle segments. Amidst this, the need to find new elegant methods to perform charging of EV battery becomes extremely crucial. In areas with high demand and limited power capacity, performing charging for multiple vehicles necessitates efficient usage of charging infrastructure, which can’t be guaranteed by the traditional charging methods. Sequential charging is a new state of art technique for managing the charging of multiple EV’s simultaneously connected to a single charging station. Rather than dividing the available power equally among all connected vehicles or charging them one at a time, this technique dynamically allocates power based on various factors such as charging priority, vehicle needs and available infrastructure capacity. Currently, sequential Charging can only be implemented by a particular set of chargers that are interconnected via backend and
De, Abir, Bhattacharya, Ullash, Parihar, Aakash
Augusta Regional Airport Preparation for Transformative VTOL Air Vehicle OperationsF-0081-2025-01325/20/2025
The emergence of electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL) air vehicles is transforming how people and freight are moved in short distances. This transformation has a profound impact on surrounding infrastructure necessary to provide Aircraft On Ground support for eVTOLs. The hover capabilities of eVTOLs have similar operating characteristics within terminal and uncontrolled airspace. However, the need to conserve battery energy via rapid approaches and departures affects terminal airspace management. To attract eVTOL operators, existing airports, landing zones, and vertiports are modifying their infrastructure to include fixed electric charging stations, additional taxiways, upgraded fire suppression systems, separate hangers, and capable MRO facilities. Augusta Regional Airport (KAGS) is the base airport for the annual Masters Golf Tournament which experiences five times the normal airport traffic and some 40,000 commuting patrons. eVTOLs can offset land traffic issues associated
Stanzione, Kaydon, Johnston, Diane
SAE TOMORROW TODAY - AI-Powered Solution for Seamless EV Charging135073/20/2025
It's no secret that the EV charging experience can be a frustrating one. But what if you could connect the various EV charging networks to apps and services, standardizing them into a single point of integration? One company is doing just that by harnessing data to create a seamless, secure, and reliable EV charging experience. Meet Emobi, the leader in critical digital infrastructure that delivers a single point of integration to a vast network of EV charging stations and e-mobility partners through advanced AI and data refinement models. As the largest roaming ecosystem in North America, the company also enables traditional and streamlined (JustPlug) Plug & Charge technology, facilitating automatic charging identification between EVs and chargers. The company is trusted by EV manufacturers, startups, utilities, and U.S. government agencies alike. To learn more, we sat down with Lin Sun Fa, CEO, Emobi, to discuss how his company's solutions are unifying the fragmented e-mobility
Hineman, Marcie
Optimizing Electric Vehicle Charging Station Locations Based on Urban Road Network Congestion Tracing2025-01-72163/19/2025
Exhaust emissions from congested road segments constitute a significant source of urban air pollution. Resolving traffic congestion throughout the road network presents considerable challenges. However, alleviating tailpipe emissions on congested roads can be achieved by increasing the proportion of electric vehicles (EVs) in the traffic flow. Therefore, we propose a method for optimizing the layout of EV charging stations based on urban road networks congestion tracing. This method traces congestion sources through similarity between road networks, and evaluates the installation potential value of adjacent candidate installation points using the congestion contribution degree of the road segment as an indicator. The analysis is conducted on 100 routes within the Qinhuai district of Nanjing city, using spatiotemporal similarity metrics. The utilization of point-of-interest and traffic data from online mapping sources overcomes the complexity of road network structure and the sparsity
Zeng, Wenyi, Jian, Lu, Hu, Xiaojian
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Refining SAE J3400 for Standardized EV Charging1348010/2/2024
As most EV enthusiasts know, the Tesla-developed North American Charging System (NACS) is being standardized as SAE J3400 -- unlocking the ability for any EV supplier or manufacturer to use, manufacture, or deploy the J3400 connector on EVs and at charging stations across North America. Recently, the SAE J3400 NACS Task Force voted to establish the J3400 standard as a recommended practice, marking a significant step forward in the standardization process and demonstrating the importance of collaboration in moving the EV industry forward. To learn more, we sat down with Christian Thiele, Director, Global Ground Vehicle Standards, SAE International, and Dr. Rodney McGee, Ph.D., P.E., Chairman, SAE J3400 NACS Task Force, and Chief Engineer at the University of Delaware, to discuss how the J3400 standard is bringing industry together to build a unified and reliable EV infrastructure that supports the widespread adoption of EVs. Join the global EV ecosystem leader! The SAE EV Charging PKI
Hineman, Marcie
SAE TOMORROW TODAY BRIEFS: EV Batteries That Run on Sunshine--Or in the Cold134606/12/2024
It's no secret that installing EV charging stations can be time-consuming. But what if you could use the power of the sun? Beam Global is doing just that -- not only on land, but in the water and sky as well. Beam's research and work in thermal management enables EV batteries to charge in a hot or cold environments. Using clean energy solutions like solar power, Beam deploys EV charging infrastructure in minutes not months -- with no permitting, no construction, and no electrical work. Listen in as Roberto Baldwin, Sustainability Editor, SAE Sustainable Mobility Solutions, sits down with Said Al-Hallaj, Chief Battery Scientist, Beam Global, to discuss the rapidly deployed and scalable EV charging solutions, the challenges of electrification in the air and water, and the importance of thermal management. For more information on the evolution of sustainability, head on over to sustainablecareers.sae.org. There you can read about how GM is pushing back on media coverage that growth in the
Hineman, Marcie
Automated Charging Methodology for Fleet Operated EV Buses to Reduce Down Time and Increase Safety at Charging Station2024-26-01121/16/2024
Prime concern for electric vehicle where the application of the vehicle is public transport, is the charging of vehicle and operation of its infrastructure. Such an example of operating the EV buses is under the GCC (gross cost contract) model, with high operation time and comparatively lesser time for charging. It is challenging to meet these requirements. To counter this situation in fleet operated busses it is proposed to adapt an automated charging method which involves minimum man power intervention and automated mechanism to connect & disconnect the charging connectors. This paper proposes an automated pantograph mechanism based method of charging EV buses, meeting requirements as per SAE J3105 & ISO 15118 standards, which would be an ideal way to resolve the current situation. In the above mentioned pantograph type charging, the charging station or depot will have an infrastructure including charger whose input will be from grid, and the charging dispenser will be pantographs
gullyal, Avinash, Ahmed, Yasir, Amancharla, Naga Chaithanya, kinjalkar, Milind
Lend a Range: Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) charging.2024-26-01071/16/2024
With increase in number of EVs on Indian roads, poised EV makers to produce innovative and pragmatic concept of electric vehicle features. The concept of bidirectional charging is one of that and which is creating buzz and curiosity among EV buyers. The bidirectional charging enables EV owners to lend the power to grid, other vehicles or use for other auxiliary applications. This paper focuses on idea of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) level 1 or level 2 AC charging using J1772 standard, where one user can lend a range of few kilometers to other based on requirement as a helping hand. This paper majorly focuses on how existing EV powertrain system can be upgraded to implement V2V charging with minimal changes. In V2V charging, source vehicle shall function as a mobile charging source (EVSE) and other shall function as a sink (EV). The idea of making source vehicle as charging station involves sink vehicle authentication and managing the power flow. This paper discusses the overall system
KUMAR, ROHIT, Penta, Amar, Venugopal, Karthick Babu, Sahu, Hemant, Arya, Harshita
Simulating V2G Concept for optimized EV fleet charging in India2024-26-01011/16/2024
The transport sector is bound to play a huge role in the imminent transition to green energy. India has pledged to reach net-zero emissions by 2070 at COP26 and is committed to have 30% EV sales by 2030. The Indian government has been facilitating fleet electrification through initiatives like FAME–II. India’s EV market is expected to grow at an annual rate of 90% between 2022 and 2030. With this projection combined with climate targets, comes the anticipated exponential rise in renewable energy contribution to the national grid accompanied by a huge transport related demand for electricity. NITI Aayog – India’s public policy think tank along with Ministry of Power is already looking into expansion of EV charging infrastructure in India as part of smart grid implementation. Deployment of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology as extension of smart charging initiative is imperative in smooth transition to renewable energy. The possibility of bi-directional energy flow between EV battery and
Sandhu, Rouble, Cao, Xinyuan, Faßbender, Max, Schade, Thomas, Emran, Ashraf, Andert, Jakob, Xia, Feihong, Sharma, Vijay
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: What Role Do Electric Utilities Have in the EV Space?1336811/17/2022
As demand for EVs grows, so too does the role of electric utilities. From powering the grid to ensuring the reliability of EV charging stations, the electric utility industry plays a pivotal role in accelerating EV adoption. For more than a century, Duquesne Light Company (DLC) has delivered electricity to more than 600,000 customers in the Pittsburgh region. Currently, there are more than 6,000 EVs in DLC's service territory -- and they expect that number to grow to more than 23,000 by the end of 2025. With this projected growth, DLC is not only providing reliable power, but EV information analysis and incentives like a Community Charging Program and Electric Fleet Advisory Service Program. We sat down with Sarah Olexsak, Senior Manager, Transportation Electrification, to discuss the role of electric utilities and how DLC is supporting EV adoption in Western Pennsylvania.
Hineman, Marcie
Feasibility Analysis of Biogas-Based Charging Station using MATLAB Simulation2022-28-041211/9/2022
Electric vehicles' rapid adoption demands a vast quantity of energy. Alternative energy sources are being highlighted as a result of the finite supply of order of fossil resources to create the long-term power supply industry with eco-friendly products. It has immense prospects for energy sources such as biogas and biomass. A 20 kW biogas-powered electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) with a maximum energy requirement of 100 kWh is shown in this study. This work uses the MATLAB Simulink to design a biogas-based EVCS. On a daily basis, the suggested charging point can recharge 15-20 electric vehicles. The proposed approach is more energy-efficient than grid electricity. Furthermore, when compared to charging stations with power systems, The planned charging station produces 58.75% less CO2. Furthermore, for simple electric bicycles and rickshaws, the suggested EVCS will save $ 16.25 and $ 27.50 each month, respectively. The study includes the effects of solar irradiation, biomass, and
PC, Murugan, Saminathan, Sathiskumar, K, Jiiva, Soundara Baranidaran, D
Calls for Papers - Attend - SAE InternationalSAE-WSC-005049/21/2022
Calls for Papers - Attend - SAE InternationalSAE events cover every sector of the mobility industry. Click to learn more and submit your abstract for consideration today. Your experience, research and ideas can help shape the future — and SAE International® provides the perfect platform for sharing your expertise. With just a 250-word abstract, you can start on the road to a bigger career and increased recognition across the global mobility industry, while providing valuable information that will help today’s engineers make critical decisions. If your abstract is selected, you’ll tap into a variety of high-profile speaking and publishing opportunities that will elevate your professional profile. New to speaking and publishing? No problem — we offer a variety of to support you every step of the way. Start now, with just one paragraph! The European Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Conference, an SAE Sustainability Event, is a first-of-its-kind digital event that brings together
A Cloud-Based Simulation and Testing Framework for Large-Scale EV Charging Energy Management and Charging Control2022-01-01953/29/2022
The emerging need of building an efficient Electric Vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure requires the investigation of all aspects of Vehicle-Grid Integration (VGI), including the impact of EV charging on the grid, optimal EV charging control at scale, and communication interoperability. This paper presents a cloud-based simulation and testing platform for the development and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) testing of VGI technologies. Although the HIL testing of a single charging station has been widely performed, the HIL testing of spatially distributed EV charging stations and communication interoperability is limited. To fill this gap, the presented platform is developed that consists of multiple subsystems: a real-time power system simulator (OPAL-RT), ISO 15118 EV Charge Scheduler System (EVCSS), and a Smart Energy Plaza (SEP) with various types of charging stations, solar panels, and energy storage systems. The subsystems can communicate with each other via message queuing telemetry
Wu, Zhouquan, Chen, Bo, Manne, Naga Nithin, Harper, Jason, Dobrzynski, Daniel
Development of a Rapid Recurrent Recharging Architecture for Battery Electric Heavy Duty Commercial Vehicle Applications2022-01-09123/29/2022
Battery electric vehicles (BEV) in heavy duty (HD) commercial freight transport face challenging technoeconomic barriers to adoption. Specifically, beyond safety and compliance, fleet and operational logistics require both high up-time and parity with diesel system productivity/Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) to enable strong adoption of electrified powertrains. At present, relatively high energy storage costs coupled with the increased weight of BEV powertrains limit their practicality in HD commercial freight transport to shorter range applications, where smaller batteries will suffice for mission (operational shift) energy requirements. This paper presents an alternative approach to the feasibility of BEV HD trucking in a broader range of applications. The concept is based on the leveraging rapid and recurrent recharging of a BEV HD truck that may either already make frequent stops due to shipment drop-offs/reloading or be required to make frequent stops along a longer mission only
Sujan, Vivek Anand, Xie, Fei, Smith, David
In-Depth Considerations for Electric Vehicle Braking Systems Operation with Steep Elevation Changes and Trailering2021-01-126310/11/2021
As the automotive industry prepares to roll out an unprecedented range of fully electric propulsion vehicle models over the next few years - it really brings to a head for folks responsible for brakes what used to be the subject of hypothetical musings and are now pivotal questions for system design. How do we really go about designing brakes for electric vehicles, in particular, for the well-known limit condition of descending a steep grade? What is really an “optimal’ design for brakes considering the imperatives for the entire vehicle? What are the real “limit conditions” for usage that drive the fundamental design? Are there really electric charging stations planned for or even already existing in high elevations that can affect regenerative brake capacity on the way down? What should be communicated to drivers (if anything) about driving habits for electric vehicles in routes with significant elevation change? The present work attempts to consolidate past published information and
Antanaitis, David
Battery TerminologyJ1715/2_202108 (Current)8/9/2021
This document contains definitions currently used in the automotive industry as they relate to energy storage and batteries for starting, lighting, and ignition applications, as well as for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and electric vehicles (EVs). It is intended that this document be a resource for those writing other battery, HEV, and EV documents, specifications, standards, or recommended practices. The use of the term “battery” in this document can be assumed to be a rechargeable battery (secondary battery). The terminology may be applied to other industries if desired.
Battery Terminology Committee
Use Cases for Diagnostic Communication for Plug-in Electric VehiclesJ2836/4_202106 (Current)6/10/2021
This SAE Surface Vehicle Technical Information Report, SAE J2836/4, establishes diagnostic use cases between plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) and the electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE). As PEVs are deployed and include both plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV) and battery electric (BEV) vehicle variations, failures of the charging session between the EVSE and PEV may include diagnostics particular to the vehicle variations. This document describes the general information required for diagnostics and SAE J2847/4 will include the detail messages to provide accurate information to the customer and/or service personnel to identify the source of the issue and assist in resolution. Existing vehicle diagnostics can also be added and included during this charging session regarding issues that have occurred or are imminent to the EVSE or PEV, to assist in resolution of these items.
Hybrid - EV Committee
Plug-in Electrical Vehicle Charge Rate Reporting and Test ProceduresJ2953/4_202106 (Historical)6/10/2021
This document facilitates clear and consistent comparisons of realistic charging capabilities of passenger vehicles via commercially available DC EVSE. Common test procedures and metrics are established for both vehicles and EVSEs operating without limitations in nominal conditions. This document does not attempt to address performance variations of EV-EVSE interactions outside of nominal conditions such as extreme temperatures, variable SOCs, and so on.
Hybrid - EV Committee
Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) TerminologyJ1715_202105 (Historical)5/28/2021
This SAE Information Report contains definitions for HEV, PHEV, and EV terminology. It is intended that this document be a resource for those writing other HEV, PHEV, and EV documents, specifications, standards, or recommended practices.
Hybrid - EV Committee
Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) TerminologyJ1715_202105-TEST-REC (Historical)5/28/2021
This SAE Information Report contains definitions for HEV, PHEV, and EV terminology. It is intended that this document be a resource for those writing other HEV, PHEV, and EV documents, specifications, standards, or recommended practices.
Hybrid - EV Committee
Use Cases for Wireless Charging Communication for Plug-in Electric VehiclesJ2836/6_202104 (Current)4/9/2021
This SAE Information Report SAE J2836/6 establishes use cases for communication between plug-in electric vehicles and the EVSE for wireless energy transfer as specified in SAE J2954. It addresses the requirements for communications between the on-board charging system and the wireless EV supply equipment (WEVSE) in support of detection of the WEVSE, the charging process, and monitoring of the charging process. Since the communication to the charging infrastructure and the power grid for smart charging will also be communicated by the WEVSE to the EV over the wireless interface, these requirements are also covered. However, the processes and procedures are expected to be identical to those specified for V2G communications specified in SAE J2836/1. Where relevant, the specification notes interactions that may be required between the vehicle and vehicle operator, but does not formally specify them. Similarly, communications between the on-board charging sub-system and the on-board vehicle
Hybrid - EV Committee
Battery Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption and Range Test ProcedureJ1634_202104 (Current)4/6/2021
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes uniform procedures for testing battery electric vehicles (BEVs) which are capable of being operated on public and private roads. The procedure applies only to vehicles using batteries as their sole source of power. It is the intent of this document to provide standard tests which will allow for the determination of energy consumption and range for light-duty vehicles (LDVs) based on the federal emission test procedure (FTP) using the urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS) and the highway fuel economy driving schedule (HFEDS) and provide a flexible testing methodology that is capable of accommodating additional test cycles as needed. Additionally, this SAE Recommended Practice provides five-cycle testing guidelines for vehicles performing supplementary testing on the US06, SC03, and cold FTP procedure. Realistic alternatives should be allowed for new technology. Evaluations are based on the total vehicle system’s performance and not on
Light Duty Vehicle Performance and Economy Measure Committee
Battery Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption and Range Test ProcedureJ1634_202104-TEST-REC (Historical)4/6/2021
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes uniform procedures for testing battery electric vehicles (BEVs) which are capable of being operated on public and private roads. The procedure applies only to vehicles using batteries as their sole source of power. It is the intent of this document to provide standard tests which will allow for the determination of energy consumption and range for light-duty vehicles (LDVs) based on the federal emission test procedure (FTP) using the urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS) and the highway fuel economy driving schedule (HFEDS) and provide a flexible testing methodology that is capable of accommodating additional test cycles as needed. Additionally, this SAE Recommended Practice provides five-cycle testing guidelines for vehicles performing supplementary testing on the US06, SC03, and cold FTP procedure. Realistic alternatives should be allowed for new technology. Evaluations are based on the total vehicle system’s performance and not on
Light Duty Vehicle Performance and Economy Measure Committee
Communication for Plug-in Vehicles as a Distributed Energy SourceJ2847/3_202103 (Historical)3/23/2021
This document applies to a plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) which is equipped with an onboard inverter and communicates using IEEE 2030.5-2018. It is a supplement to the SEP2 standard, which supports the use cases defined by SAE J2836/3. It provides guidance for the use of the SEP2 distributed energy resource function set with a PEV. It also provides guidance for the use of the SEP2 flow reservation function set, when used for discharging. It is not intended to be a comprehensive guide to the use of SEP2 in a PEV. Note that in this document, SEP2 is used interchangeably with IEEE 2030.5-2018.
Hybrid - EV Committee
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Enabling the Journey to Mobile Electrification with ChargePoint129352/26/2021
Bill Loewenthal, Senior Vice President, Product at ChargePoint, joins us to share his insights on the unstoppable migration to electric vehicles by the masses and how ChargePoint is enabling this adoption with the right hardware and technology. From the benefits of the fuel-while-parked model over the drive-to-fuel model, to the design and infrastructure behind the charging network, Loewenthal shares how ChargePoint has been on the bleeding edge of this technology. Discover how this electrifying network will soon integrate with your life - at home, work and through the apps on your phone - and the efficiency of future charging stations.
Hineman, Marcie
Metering requirements and design for an electric vehicle charging system providing grid servicesSAE-PP-002382/3/2021
Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technology is capable of providing grid services from electric vehicles (EVs). To do so, it imposes more demanding engineering design requirements on electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE). To provide grid services, bidirectional power flow and accumulated energy between grid and EVs must be metered and uploaded to a remote server participating in electricity markets. Requirements, including accuracy and latency of power and energy data are crucial parameters. In this paper, an overview is provided of a built-in metering module, now designed and built into an EVSE charging station. Design decisions and performance, include measurement approaches, communication to a higher-level module, and the standards that must be met.
Anthony, Lindsay
059 - Torque Vectoring of a Formula SAE through Semi Active Differential ControlSAE-PP-001971/30/2021
In a Formula SAE car, as for almost all racecars, suppressing or limiting the action of the differential mechanism is the technique mostly adopted to improve the traction exiting the high lateral acceleration corners. The common Limited Slip Differentials (LSDs) unbalance the traction torque distribution, generating as a secondary effect a yaw torque on the vehicle. If this feature is electronically controlled, these devices can be used to manage the attitude of the car. The yaw torque introduced by an electronically controlled LSD (which can also be called SAD, “Semi-Active Differential”) could suddenly change from oversteering (i.e. pro-yaw) to understeering (i.e. anti-yaw), depending on the driving conditions. Therefore, controlling the vehicle attitude with a SAD could be challenging, and its effectiveness could be low if compared with the common torque vectoring systems, which act on the brake system of the car. In addition, unlike common ESC (“Electronic Stability Control
Mutagaana, Festo
Wireless Power Transfer for Light-Duty Plug-in/Electric Vehicles and Alignment MethodologyJ2954_202010 (Historical)10/20/2020
The SAE J2954 standard establishes an industry-wide specification that defines acceptable criteria for interoperability, electromagnetic compatibility, EMF, minimum performance, safety, and testing for wireless power transfer (WPT) of light-duty plug-in electric vehicles. The specification defines various charging levels that are based on the levels defined for SAE J1772 conductive AC charge levels 1, 2, and 3, with some variations. A standard for WPT based on these charge levels enables selection of a charging rate based on vehicle requirements, thus allowing for better vehicle packaging and ease of customer use. The specification supports home (private) charging and public wireless charging. In the near term, vehicles that are able to be charged wirelessly under SAE J2954 should also be able to be charged conductively by SAE J1772 plug-in chargers. SAE J2954 addresses unidirectional charging, from grid to vehicle; bidirectional energy transfer may be evaluated for a future standard
Hybrid - EV Committee
Wireless Power Transfer for Light-Duty Plug-in/Electric Vehicles and Alignment MethodologyJ2954_202010-TEST-REC (Historical)10/20/2020
The SAE J2954 standard establishes an industry-wide specification that defines acceptable criteria for interoperability, electromagnetic compatibility, EMF, minimum performance, safety, and testing for wireless power transfer (WPT) of light-duty plug-in electric vehicles. The specification defines various charging levels that are based on the levels defined for SAE J1772 conductive AC charge levels 1, 2, and 3, with some variations. A standard for WPT based on these charge levels enables selection of a charging rate based on vehicle requirements, thus allowing for better vehicle packaging and ease of customer use. The specification supports home (private) charging and public wireless charging. In the near term, vehicles that are able to be charged wirelessly under SAE J2954 should also be able to be charged conductively by SAE J1772 plug-in chargers. SAE J2954 addresses unidirectional charging, from grid to vehicle; bidirectional energy transfer may be evaluated for a future standard
Hybrid - EV Committee
SAE project to develop cyber-secure EV charging20AUTP10_1110/1/2020
Electric-vehicle charging is critical to the mainstreaming of EVs. A 2019 study by the International Council on Clean Transportation estimates that to create, by 2025, a charging network for the 100 U.S. metro areas with the highest populations will require 82,000 more EV charging stations at workplaces, 103,000 public stations with Level 2 (240-V) chargers and 10,000 direct current fast charging stations. That network must be cyber-secure, scalable and trusted by industry and the public. For this reason, SAE International and industry partners recently launched a collaborative project to strengthen EV charging system security. The SAE EV Charging Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) project will design and test, over the next 18-24 months, an inclusive, global EV charging PKI platform aimed at ensuring the interface points between EV drivers and EV charging infrastructure is secure and trusted. PKI is a best practice used across industries to ensure a high level of trust between entities
Brooke, Lindsay
Communication for Wireless Power Transfer Between Light-Duty Plug-in Electric Vehicles and Wireless EV Charging StationsJ2847/6_202009 (Current)9/29/2020
SAE J2847/6 establishes minimum requirements for communication between an electric vehicle and an inductive battery charging system for wireless power transfer (WPT). Where relevant, this document notes—but does not formally specify—interactions between the vehicle and vehicle operator. This document leverages the work of the SAE J2954 Alignment and Controls Sub-Team in the Wireless Power Transfer and Alignment Task Force by extending a JSON-based message set (protocol) originally developed to bench test wireless energy transfer interoperability between unmatched Ground Assembly (GA) and Vehicle Assembly (VA) systems (i.e., components manufactured by different companies). SAE J2847/6 furthers that work by adding messages sufficient to indicate that proper coil alignment has been achieved, initialize the sub-systems for wireless charging, ramp-up to full power, perform active wireless power transfer, and terminate the WPT session. Guidance for an engineering implementation of the JSON
Hybrid - EV Committee
New Concept for Creating a Vehicle Hybrid Power Units2020-01-22489/15/2020
The article considers the actual problem of vehicles fuel efficiency and environmental friendliness increasing. This problem is solved by developing of a new type of hybrid power unit. A feature of this development is that such a hybrid power unit can be implemented in the budget segment of cars. As a result of the study, conceptual solutions for creating a hybrid power unit were developed. The concept is based on the following theoretical provisions. The most economical speed of the hybrid vehicle in the "only electricity" mode lies in the range from 0 m / s to 16 m / s. The further set of speed and movement is advisable to carry out on an internal combustion engine. Mileage in the "only electricity" mode can be in the range from 20 km to 50 km, depending on the energy consumption of the battery. This distance can be chosen by the buyer of the hybrid vehicle depending on the estimated average daily mileage and the cost of the batteries. Traction batteries are charged in three cases
Smirnov, Oleh, Borysenko, Anna, Marchenko, Anton, Gritsuk, Igor, Litikova, Oleksandra, Parsadanov, Igor, Kalinin, Evgeniy, Ahieiev, Maksym, Volodarets, Mykyta, Samarin, Oleksandr, Vrublevskyi, Roman, Khudiakov, Igor
3D Ultrasonic Sensors Support New Industrial ApplicationsTBMG-376669/1/2020
Ultrasonic sensors are used for a wide range of detection tasks in the industrial environment. For example, for detecting objects with diverse aggregate states: solid, liquid, granular, color-changing, transparent, or high-gloss.
EDITORIAL: The charge for charging20AUTP09_059/1/2020
The gathering tide of electric-vehicle (EV) launches in the next few years is going to finally start the mainstreaming of electric propulsion. But if some things don't change quickly, selling EVs in volume is going expose the dirty little secret of the current EV experience: public recharging more or less is the Wild West. Ironically, most studies show that EV owners or intenders will predominantly do their recharging at home. So, the state of public recharging really shouldn't be a deal-breaker. But two flashpoints can't be ignored: Even with ever-improving vehicle driving ranges, there's always going to be range anxiety - at least until DC fast-charging replicates the ubiquity of today's liquid-fuels refueling network that boasts some 168,000 sites in the U.S. The Dept. of Energy reported in early 2019 that there were slightly fewer than 11,000 DC fast-charging sites in the country.
Visnic, Bill
2021 Mustang Mach-E20AUTP08_017/1/2020
Ford's first dedicated electric platform reveals the challenges and opportunities in developing a state-of-the-art EV. The 2021 Ford Mustang Mach-E is an all-new vehicle. It's Ford's first dedicated battery electric vehicle (BEV) and it's built on an all-new electric vehicle (EV) platform. If that wasn't enough pressure on its development team, the Mach-E also leverages the Mustang nameplate traditionally reserved for iconic sports coupes and serves as a technology flagship debuting a host of new features to expand convenience and safety. One of the lead engineers has likened it to simultaneously engineering an EV, a cellphone and an SUV. “You're delivering the vehicle, that's old-school stuff, we created that at Ford. Now we've got to deliver the new-school stuff too,” explained Robert Iorio, vehicle engineering manager for the Mustang Mach-E.
Seredynski, Paul
Comparison of EVSE Charge Management Systems for Limited Electrical Infrastructure2020-01-05324/14/2020
The installed cost of EV charging stations can vary widely depending on site specific conditions and the number and type of EV charging stations (EVSE) to be installed. The cost can exceed $10,000 per EVSE if panel or switch gear upgrades are needed or if trenching is required. These infrastructure costs can pose a significant barrier to EV adoption for fleet operators or for employers who wish to provide EV charging for employees. Smart EVSE can play a role in managing the infrastructure and installation cost of EVSE. Such products can enable charging when there are limitations in electrical capacity. Three types of smart EVSE are tested and compared: 1) fully autonomous/local control, 2) networked/cloud managed control, and 3) a hybrid of local and cloud managed control.
MacCurdy, Dwight, Kay, Carol D., Kumar, Karun, Aswani, Deepak J.
A Method of the Improvement of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) System Efficiency, Compatibility, EMI Reduction, and Foreign Object Detection (FOD) for EV Applications2020-01-05304/14/2020
During the charging Electric Vehicle (EV), power transfer occurs in the power electronics of an EV powertrain. Understanding how the Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) occurs would be beneficial for achieving convenient charging method. This paper focuses on improving WPT system pad compatibility, power transfer efficiency, EMI reduction, and Foreign Object Detection (FOD). The choice of convertible WPT pad for circular and DD type coil, improvement of pad compatibility is analyzed in this paper. In addition, several control methods of increasing WPT system efficiency are proposed. Firstly, the effect of Full Bridge - Half Bridge (FB-HB) is introduced, and the influence of a Bridgeless control scheme is discussed. A new, ferrite pad structure is applied to WPT system in order to achieve EMI reduction. Lastly, a new strategy of Foreign Object Detection (FOD) is suggested for WPT system using phase difference and frequency variation detection.
Cha, JaeEun, Lee, Woo Young, Choe, Gyu-Yeong, Kim, Young Jin, Joo, Jung Hong, Jung, Jin Hwan
Augmented Reality Projection for Driver Assistance in Autonomous Vehicles2020-01-10354/14/2020
Augmented Reality (AR), which involves the integration of digital information with our physical environment in real-time, has been steadily growing over the past few years, finding its way into multiple areas of our lives. Augmented Reality (AR) in automotive vehicles has contributed to revolutionizing the way passengers and drivers access information, acquire knowledge and integrate into the physical spaces and destinations visited. The studies produced concerning this field are still limited, particularly in the perception of how users adopt technology and what use they make of it. On the other hand, even more limited are the studies that consider the role of stakeholders in the implementation of AR technology. In this paper, we discuss and propose solutions for following ADAS applications using projection unit mounted on board projecting on the windshield. 5G in your route (signal strength - android applications on HU to detect the signal strength and display it on projection unit
Chandupatla, Srinivas, Yerram, Nalinikanth, Achuthan, Balasubramanian
Case unveils fully-electric backhoe loader, begins delivery this year20TOFHP04_134/1/2020
Case Construction Equipment's move toward alternative propulsion took another step forward at March's ConExpo-Con/Agg Show when it revealed “Project Zeus,” also known as the 580 EV electric backhoe loader. Leandro Lecheta, head of construction equipment in North America for CNH Industrial, was quick to point out that the fully-electric machine is not a concept - it's available for sale today and already has two customer orders in the U.S. The 580 EV is Case's first formal entry into the electric-equipment market. “The backhoe loader is perfectly suited for electrification as the varied use cycles, from heavy to light work, provide an excellent opportunity to convert wasted diesel engine hours into zero-consumption battery time - yet provide the operator with instantaneous torque response when needed,” said Eric Zieser, Case director of global compact equipment product line. “We're proving the viability of electrification at the larger end of the compact and light equipment spectrum
Gehm, Ryan
EVs are coming, but challenges, alternative fuels will slow turnover20TOFHP04_104/1/2020
Regulatory attacks on petroleum are sparking heavy investments in battery power, but alternative fuels continue to spar for growth. As vehicles move slowly from diesel to alternatives, owners and operators will need to focus on training and telematics to maximize efficiency. Battery power was front and center in Indianapolis at the Green Truck Summit in March, as speakers described infrastructure challenges and training requirements as well as equipment pricing issues. Alternative fuels remain viable as vehicle suppliers strive to meet regulations that sharply reduce emissions over the next two decades.
Costlow, Terry
Narrower focus, BIGGER PAYOFF19TOFHP12_0312/1/2019
Design teams are targeting focused markets for their commercial electric-vehicle programs to combat challenges like range and infrastructure. Government regulations are prompting a changeover to electric powertrains, with early growth coming in commercial vehicle applications where range and recharging are more easily managed. Greater expansion will require revisions in maintenance and broader availability of charging stations as well as improved driving ranges. Electric vehicle (EV) introductions are coming at a rapid pace, and major fleet owners like Penske and Amazon are placing significant orders. ABI Research predicts that commercial-vehicle shipments will hit 3 million units worldwide by 2024. That's a strong 28% growth rate over the next five years. Most of that expansion will come in operations with planned routes and home-base charging, according to ABI.
Costlow, Terry
Q&A19AUTP11_1711/1/2019
Valeo is an industry leader in technologies essential to vehicle electrification and connected/automated driving. The French Tier 1 pioneered 48V mild-hybrid systems and is a major producer of e-hardware and software including belt-starter generators, power electronics, electric superchargers and traction motors. Valeo recently entered a collaboration with Dana Inc. to develop and supply electrified AWD systems featuring 48-V hybrid power. The first of these is scheduled to launch in volume in early 2020 with a major European OEM. One of the architects of Valeo Group's steady evolution as a mobility-tech supplier is Guillaume Devauchelle, vice president of Innovation & Scientific Development. He joined Valeo in 2000 after the acquisition of Italy-based wiring harness maker Sylea where he served as VP of R&D. Monsieur Devauchelle recently spoke by phone with editor-in-chief Lindsay Brooke.
Items per page:
1 – 50 of 171