Browse Topic: Charging stations

Items (143)

SAE TOMORROW TODAY - AI-Powered Solution for Seamless EV Charging

1350703/20/2025

It's no secret that the EV charging experience can be a frustrating one. But what if you could connect the various EV charging networks to apps and services, standardizing them into a single point of integration? One company is doing just that by harnessing data to create a seamless, secure, and reliable EV charging experience. Meet Emobi, the leader in critical digital infrastructure that delivers a single point of integration to a vast network of EV charging stations and e-mobility partners through advanced AI and data refinement models. As the largest roaming ecosystem in North America, the company also enables traditional and streamlined (JustPlug) Plug & Charge technology, facilitating automatic charging identification between EVs and chargers. The company is trusted by EV manufacturers, startups, utilities, and U.S. government agencies alike. To learn more, we sat down with Lin Sun Fa, CEO, Emobi, to discuss how his company's solutions are unifying the fragmented e-mobility

Hineman, Marcie

Optimizing Electric Vehicle Charging Station Locations Based on Urban Road Network Congestion Tracing

2025-01-721603/19/2025

Exhaust emissions from congested road segments constitute a significant source of urban air pollution. Resolving traffic congestion throughout the road network presents considerable challenges. However, alleviating tailpipe emissions on congested roads can be achieved by increasing the proportion of electric vehicles (EVs) in the traffic flow. Therefore, we propose a method for optimizing the layout of EV charging stations based on urban road networks congestion tracing. This method traces congestion sources through similarity between road networks, and evaluates the installation potential value of adjacent candidate installation points using the congestion contribution degree of the road segment as an indicator. The analysis is conducted on 100 routes within the Qinhuai district of Nanjing city, using spatiotemporal similarity metrics. The utilization of point-of-interest and traffic data from online mapping sources overcomes the complexity of road network structure and the sparsity

Zeng, Wenyi, Jian, Lu, Hu, Xiaojian

Automated Charging Methodology for Fleet Operated EV Buses to Reduce Down Time and Increase Safety at Charging Station

2024-26-011201/16/2024

Prime concern for electric vehicle where the application of the vehicle is public transport, is the charging of vehicle and operation of its infrastructure. Such an example of operating the EV buses is under the GCC (gross cost contract) model, with high operation time and comparatively lesser time for charging. It is challenging to meet these requirements. To counter this situation in fleet operated busses it is proposed to adapt an automated charging method which involves minimum man power intervention and automated mechanism to connect & disconnect the charging connectors. This paper proposes an automated pantograph mechanism based method of charging EV buses, meeting requirements as per SAE J3105 & ISO 15118 standards, which would be an ideal way to resolve the current situation. In the above mentioned pantograph type charging, the charging station or depot will have an infrastructure including charger whose input will be from grid, and the charging dispenser will be pantographs

gullyal, Avinash, Ahmed, Yasir, Amancharla, Naga Chaithanya, kinjalkar, Milind

SAE TOMORROW TODAY: What Role Do Electric Utilities Have in the EV Space?

1336811/17/2022

As demand for EVs grows, so too does the role of electric utilities. From powering the grid to ensuring the reliability of EV charging stations, the electric utility industry plays a pivotal role in accelerating EV adoption. For more than a century, Duquesne Light Company (DLC) has delivered electricity to more than 600,000 customers in the Pittsburgh region. Currently, there are more than 6,000 EVs in DLC's service territory -- and they expect that number to grow to more than 23,000 by the end of 2025. With this projected growth, DLC is not only providing reliable power, but EV information analysis and incentives like a Community Charging Program and Electric Fleet Advisory Service Program. We sat down with Sarah Olexsak, Senior Manager, Transportation Electrification, to discuss the role of electric utilities and how DLC is supporting EV adoption in Western Pennsylvania.

Hineman, Marcie

Feasibility Analysis of Biogas-Based Charging Station using MATLAB Simulation

2022-28-041211/09/2022

Electric vehicles' rapid adoption demands a vast quantity of energy. Alternative energy sources are being highlighted as a result of the finite supply of order of fossil resources to create the long-term power supply industry with eco-friendly products. It has immense prospects for energy sources such as biogas and biomass. A 20 kW biogas-powered electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) with a maximum energy requirement of 100 kWh is shown in this study. This work uses the MATLAB Simulink to design a biogas-based EVCS. On a daily basis, the suggested charging point can recharge 15-20 electric vehicles. The proposed approach is more energy-efficient than grid electricity. Furthermore, when compared to charging stations with power systems, The planned charging station produces 58.75% less CO2. Furthermore, for simple electric bicycles and rickshaws, the suggested EVCS will save $ 16.25 and $ 27.50 each month, respectively. The study includes the effects of solar irradiation, biomass, and

PC, Murugan, Saminathan, Sathiskumar, K, Jiiva, Soundara Baranidaran, D

Calls for Papers - Attend - SAE International

SAE-WSC-0050409/21/2022

Calls for Papers - Attend - SAE InternationalSAE events cover every sector of the mobility industry. Click to learn more and submit your abstract for consideration today. Your experience, research and ideas can help shape the future — and SAE International® provides the perfect platform for sharing your expertise. With just a 250-word abstract, you can start on the road to a bigger career and increased recognition across the global mobility industry, while providing valuable information that will help today’s engineers make critical decisions. If your abstract is selected, you’ll tap into a variety of high-profile speaking and publishing opportunities that will elevate your professional profile. New to speaking and publishing? No problem — we offer a variety of to support you every step of the way. Start now, with just one paragraph! The European Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Conference, an SAE Sustainability Event, is a first-of-its-kind digital event that brings together

A Cloud-Based Simulation and Testing Framework for Large-Scale EV Charging Energy Management and Charging Control

2022-01-019503/29/2022

The emerging need of building an efficient Electric Vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure requires the investigation of all aspects of Vehicle-Grid Integration (VGI), including the impact of EV charging on the grid, optimal EV charging control at scale, and communication interoperability. This paper presents a cloud-based simulation and testing platform for the development and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) testing of VGI technologies. Although the HIL testing of a single charging station has been widely performed, the HIL testing of spatially distributed EV charging stations and communication interoperability is limited. To fill this gap, the presented platform is developed that consists of multiple subsystems: a real-time power system simulator (OPAL-RT), ISO 15118 EV Charge Scheduler System (EVCSS), and a Smart Energy Plaza (SEP) with various types of charging stations, solar panels, and energy storage systems. The subsystems can communicate with each other via message queuing telemetry

Wu, Zhouquan, Chen, Bo, Manne, Naga Nithin, Harper, Jason, Dobrzynski, Daniel

Development of a Rapid Recurrent Recharging Architecture for Battery Electric Heavy Duty Commercial Vehicle Applications

2022-01-091203/29/2022

Battery electric vehicles (BEV) in heavy duty (HD) commercial freight transport face challenging technoeconomic barriers to adoption. Specifically, beyond safety and compliance, fleet and operational logistics require both high up-time and parity with diesel system productivity/Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) to enable strong adoption of electrified powertrains. At present, relatively high energy storage costs coupled with the increased weight of BEV powertrains limit their practicality in HD commercial freight transport to shorter range applications, where smaller batteries will suffice for mission (operational shift) energy requirements. This paper presents an alternative approach to the feasibility of BEV HD trucking in a broader range of applications. The concept is based on the leveraging rapid and recurrent recharging of a BEV HD truck that may either already make frequent stops due to shipment drop-offs/reloading or be required to make frequent stops along a longer mission only

Sujan, Vivek Anand, Xie, Fei, Smith, David

In-Depth Considerations for Electric Vehicle Braking Systems Operation with Steep Elevation Changes and Trailering

2021-01-126310/11/2021

As the automotive industry prepares to roll out an unprecedented range of fully electric propulsion vehicle models over the next few years – it really brings to a head for folks responsible for brakes what used to be the subject of hypothetical musings and are now pivotal questions for system design. How do we really go about designing brakes for electric vehicles? What is really an “optimal’ design for brakes considering the imperatives for the entire vehicle? What are the real “limit conditions” for usage that drive the fundamental design? Are there really electric charging stations planned for or even already existing in high elevations that can affect regenerative brake capacity on the way down? What should be communicated to drivers (if anything) about driving habits for electric vehicles in routes with significant elevation change? The present work attempts to consolidate past published information and combine it with new information and makes a sincere effort to answer these

Antanaitis, David

Battery Terminology

J1715/2_202108 (Current)08/09/2021

This document contains definitions currently used in the automotive industry as they relate to energy storage and batteries for starting, lighting, and ignition applications, as well as for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and electric vehicles (EVs). It is intended that this document be a resource for those writing other battery, HEV, and EV documents, specifications, standards, or recommended practices. The use of the term “battery” in this document can be assumed to be a rechargeable battery (secondary battery). The terminology may be applied to other industries if desired.

Battery Terminology Committee

Plug-in Electrical Vehicle Charge Rate Reporting and Test Procedures

J2953/4_202106 (Historical)06/10/2021

This document facilitates clear and consistent comparisons of realistic charging capabilities of passenger vehicles via commercially available DC EVSE. Common test procedures and metrics are established for both vehicles and EVSEs operating without limitations in nominal conditions. This document does not attempt to address performance variations of EV-EVSE interactions outside of nominal conditions such as extreme temperatures, variable SOCs, and so on.

Hybrid - EV Committee

Use Cases for Diagnostic Communication for Plug-in Electric Vehicles

J2836/4_202106 (Current)06/10/2021

This SAE Surface Vehicle Technical Information Report, SAE J2836/4, establishes diagnostic use cases between plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) and the electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE). As PEVs are deployed and include both plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV) and battery electric (BEV) vehicle variations, failures of the charging session between the EVSE and PEV may include diagnostics particular to the vehicle variations. This document describes the general information required for diagnostics and SAE J2847/4 will include the detail messages to provide accurate information to the customer and/or service personnel to identify the source of the issue and assist in resolution. Existing vehicle diagnostics can also be added and included during this charging session regarding issues that have occurred or are imminent to the EVSE or PEV, to assist in resolution of these items.

Hybrid - EV Committee

Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) Terminology

J1715_202105-TEST-REC (Historical)05/28/2021

This SAE Information Report contains definitions for HEV, PHEV, and EV terminology. It is intended that this document be a resource for those writing other HEV, PHEV, and EV documents, specifications, standards, or recommended practices.

Hybrid - EV Committee

Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) Terminology

J1715_202105 (Historical)

05/28/2021

Hybrid - EV Committee

Use Cases for Wireless Charging Communication for Plug-in Electric Vehicles

J2836/6_202104 (Current)04/09/2021

This SAE Information Report SAE J2836/6 establishes use cases for communication between plug-in electric vehicles and the EVSE for wireless energy transfer as specified in SAE J2954. It addresses the requirements for communications between the on-board charging system and the wireless EV supply equipment (WEVSE) in support of detection of the WEVSE, the charging process, and monitoring of the charging process. Since the communication to the charging infrastructure and the power grid for smart charging will also be communicated by the WEVSE to the EV over the wireless interface, these requirements are also covered. However, the processes and procedures are expected to be identical to those specified for V2G communications specified in SAE J2836/1. Where relevant, the specification notes interactions that may be required between the vehicle and vehicle operator, but does not formally specify them. Similarly, communications between the on-board charging sub-system and the on-board vehicle

Hybrid - EV Committee

Battery Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption and Range Test Procedure

J1634_202104-TEST-REC (Historical)04/06/2021

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes uniform procedures for testing battery electric vehicles (BEVs) which are capable of being operated on public and private roads. The procedure applies only to vehicles using batteries as their sole source of power. It is the intent of this document to provide standard tests which will allow for the determination of energy consumption and range for light-duty vehicles (LDVs) based on the federal emission test procedure (FTP) using the urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS) and the highway fuel economy driving schedule (HFEDS) and provide a flexible testing methodology that is capable of accommodating additional test cycles as needed. Additionally, this SAE Recommended Practice provides five-cycle testing guidelines for vehicles performing supplementary testing on the US06, SC03, and cold FTP procedure. Realistic alternatives should be allowed for new technology. Evaluations are based on the total vehicle system’s performance and not on

Light Duty Vehicle Performance and Economy Measure Committee

Battery Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption and Range Test Procedure

J1634_202104 (Current)

04/06/2021

Light Duty Vehicle Performance and Economy Measure Committee

Communication for Plug-in Vehicles as a Distributed Energy Source

J2847/3_202103 (Historical)03/23/2021

This document applies to a plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) which is equipped with an onboard inverter and communicates using IEEE 2030.5-2018. It is a supplement to the SEP2 standard, which supports the use cases defined by SAE J2836/3. It provides guidance for the use of the SEP2 distributed energy resource function set with a PEV. It also provides guidance for the use of the SEP2 flow reservation function set, when used for discharging. It is not intended to be a comprehensive guide to the use of SEP2 in a PEV. Note that in this document, SEP2 is used interchangeably with IEEE 2030.5-2018.

Hybrid - EV Committee

SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Enabling the Journey to Mobile Electrification with ChargePoint

1293502/26/2021

Bill Loewenthal, Senior Vice President, Product at ChargePoint, joins us to share his insights on the unstoppable migration to electric vehicles by the masses and how ChargePoint is enabling this adoption with the right hardware and technology. From the benefits of the fuel-while-parked model over the drive-to-fuel model, to the design and infrastructure behind the charging network, Loewenthal shares how ChargePoint has been on the bleeding edge of this technology. Discover how this electrifying network will soon integrate with your life - at home, work and through the apps on your phone - and the efficiency of future charging stations.

Hineman, Marcie

Metering requirements and design for an electric vehicle charging system providing grid services

SAE-PP-0023802/03/2021

Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technology is capable of providing grid services from electric vehicles (EVs). To do so, it imposes more demanding engineering design requirements on electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE). To provide grid services, bidirectional power flow and accumulated energy between grid and EVs must be metered and uploaded to a remote server participating in electricity markets. Requirements, including accuracy and latency of power and energy data are crucial parameters. In this paper, an overview is provided of a built-in metering module, now designed and built into an EVSE charging station. Design decisions and performance, include measurement approaches, communication to a higher-level module, and the standards that must be met.

Anthony, Lindsay

059 - Torque Vectoring of a Formula SAE through Semi Active Differential Control

SAE-PP-0019701/30/2021

In a Formula SAE car, as for almost all racecars, suppressing or limiting the action of the differential mechanism is the technique mostly adopted to improve the traction exiting the high lateral acceleration corners. The common Limited Slip Differentials (LSDs) unbalance the traction torque distribution, generating as a secondary effect a yaw torque on the vehicle. If this feature is electronically controlled, these devices can be used to manage the attitude of the car. The yaw torque introduced by an electronically controlled LSD (which can also be called SAD, “Semi-Active Differential”) could suddenly change from oversteering (i.e. pro-yaw) to understeering (i.e. anti-yaw), depending on the driving conditions. Therefore, controlling the vehicle attitude with a SAD could be challenging, and its effectiveness could be low if compared with the common torque vectoring systems, which act on the brake system of the car. In addition, unlike common ESC (“Electronic Stability Control

Mutagaana, Festo

Wireless Power Transfer for Light-Duty Plug-in/Electric Vehicles and Alignment Methodology

J2954_202010-TEST-REC (Historical)10/20/2020

The SAE J2954 standard establishes an industry-wide specification that defines acceptable criteria for interoperability, electromagnetic compatibility, EMF, minimum performance, safety, and testing for wireless power transfer (WPT) of light-duty plug-in electric vehicles. The specification defines various charging levels that are based on the levels defined for SAE J1772 conductive AC charge levels 1, 2, and 3, with some variations. A standard for WPT based on these charge levels enables selection of a charging rate based on vehicle requirements, thus allowing for better vehicle packaging and ease of customer use. The specification supports home (private) charging and public wireless charging. In the near term, vehicles that are able to be charged wirelessly under SAE J2954 should also be able to be charged conductively by SAE J1772 plug-in chargers. SAE J2954 addresses unidirectional charging, from grid to vehicle; bidirectional energy transfer may be evaluated for a future standard

Hybrid - EV Committee

Wireless Power Transfer for Light-Duty Plug-in/Electric Vehicles and Alignment Methodology

J2954_202010 (Historical)

10/20/2020

Hybrid - EV Committee

SAE project to develop cyber-secure EV charging

20AUTP10_1110/01/2020

Electric-vehicle charging is critical to the mainstreaming of EVs. A 2019 study by the International Council on Clean Transportation estimates that to create, by 2025, a charging network for the 100 U.S. metro areas with the highest populations will require 82,000 more EV charging stations at workplaces, 103,000 public stations with Level 2 (240-V) chargers and 10,000 direct current fast charging stations. That network must be cyber-secure, scalable and trusted by industry and the public. For this reason, SAE International and industry partners recently launched a collaborative project to strengthen EV charging system security. The SAE EV Charging Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) project will design and test, over the next 18-24 months, an inclusive, global EV charging PKI platform aimed at ensuring the interface points between EV drivers and EV charging infrastructure is secure and trusted. PKI is a best practice used across industries to ensure a high level of trust between entities

Brooke, Lindsay

Communication for Wireless Power Transfer Between Light-Duty Plug-in Electric Vehicles and Wireless EV Charging Stations

J2847/6_202009 (Current)09/29/2020

SAE J2847/6 establishes minimum requirements for communication between an electric vehicle and an inductive battery charging system for wireless power transfer (WPT). Where relevant, this document notes—but does not formally specify—interactions between the vehicle and vehicle operator. This document leverages the work of the SAE J2954 Alignment and Controls Sub-Team in the Wireless Power Transfer and Alignment Task Force by extending a JSON-based message set (protocol) originally developed to bench test wireless energy transfer interoperability between unmatched Ground Assembly (GA) and Vehicle Assembly (VA) systems (i.e., components manufactured by different companies). SAE J2847/6 furthers that work by adding messages sufficient to indicate that proper coil alignment has been achieved, initialize the sub-systems for wireless charging, ramp-up to full power, perform active wireless power transfer, and terminate the WPT session. Guidance for an engineering implementation of the JSON

Hybrid - EV Committee

3D Ultrasonic Sensors Support New Industrial Applications

TBMG-3766609/01/2020

Ultrasonic sensors are used for a wide range of detection tasks in the industrial environment. For example, for detecting objects with diverse aggregate states: solid, liquid, granular, color-changing, transparent, or high-gloss.

EDITORIAL: The charge for charging

20AUTP09_0509/01/2020

The gathering tide of electric-vehicle (EV) launches in the next few years is going to finally start the mainstreaming of electric propulsion. But if some things don't change quickly, selling EVs in volume is going expose the dirty little secret of the current EV experience: public recharging more or less is the Wild West. Ironically, most studies show that EV owners or intenders will predominantly do their recharging at home. So, the state of public recharging really shouldn't be a deal-breaker. But two flashpoints can't be ignored: Even with ever-improving vehicle driving ranges, there's always going to be range anxiety - at least until DC fast-charging replicates the ubiquity of today's liquid-fuels refueling network that boasts some 168,000 sites in the U.S. The Dept. of Energy reported in early 2019 that there were slightly fewer than 11,000 DC fast-charging sites in the country.

Visnic, Bill

2021 Mustang Mach-E

20AUTP08_0107/01/2020

Ford's first dedicated electric platform reveals the challenges and opportunities in developing a state-of-the-art EV. The 2021 Ford Mustang Mach-E is an all-new vehicle. It's Ford's first dedicated battery electric vehicle (BEV) and it's built on an all-new electric vehicle (EV) platform. If that wasn't enough pressure on its development team, the Mach-E also leverages the Mustang nameplate traditionally reserved for iconic sports coupes and serves as a technology flagship debuting a host of new features to expand convenience and safety. One of the lead engineers has likened it to simultaneously engineering an EV, a cellphone and an SUV. “You're delivering the vehicle, that's old-school stuff, we created that at Ford. Now we've got to deliver the new-school stuff too,” explained Robert Iorio, vehicle engineering manager for the Mustang Mach-E.

Seredynski, Paul

A Method of the Improvement of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) System Efficiency, Compatibility, EMI Reduction, and Foreign Object Detection (FOD) for EV Applications

2020-01-053004/14/2020

During the charging Electric Vehicle (EV), power transfer occurs in the power electronics of an EV powertrain. Understanding how the Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) occurs would be beneficial for achieving convenient charging method. This paper focuses on improving WPT system pad compatibility, power transfer efficiency, EMI reduction, and Foreign Object Detection (FOD). The choice of convertible WPT pad for circular and DD type coil, improvement of pad compatibility is analyzed in this paper. In addition, several control methods of increasing WPT system efficiency are proposed. Firstly, the effect of Full Bridge - Half Bridge (FB-HB) is introduced, and the influence of a Bridgeless control scheme is discussed. A new, ferrite pad structure is applied to WPT system in order to achieve EMI reduction. Lastly, a new strategy of Foreign Object Detection (FOD) is suggested for WPT system using phase difference and frequency variation detection.

Cha, JaeEun, Lee, Woo Young, Choe, Gyu-Yeong, Kim, Young Jin, Joo, Jung Hong, Jung, Jin Hwan

AR projection for driver assistance in autonomous vehicles

2020-01-103504/14/2020

Augmented Reality (AR), which involves the integration of digital information with our physical environment in real-time, has been steadily growing over the past few years, finding its way into multiple areas of our lives. Augmented Reality (AR) in automotive vehicles has contributed to revolutionizing the way passengers and drivers access information, acquire knowledge and integrate into the physical spaces and destinations visited. The studies produced concerning this field are still limited, particularly in the perception of how users adopt technology and what use they make of it. On the other hand, even more limited are the studies that consider the role of stakeholders in the implementation of AR technology. In this paper, we discuss and propose solutions for following ADAS applications using projection unit mounted on board projecting on the windshield. • 5G in your route (signal strength - android applications on HU to detect the signal strength and display it on projection unit

Chandupatla, Srinivas, Yerram, Nalinikanth, Achuthan, Balasubramanian

Comparison of EVSE Charge Management Systems for Limited Electrical Infrastructure

2020-01-053204/14/2020

The installed cost of EV charging stations can vary widely depending on site specific conditions and the number and type of EV charging stations (EVSE) to be installed. The cost can exceed $10,000 per EVSE if panel or switch gear upgrades are needed or if trenching is required. These infrastructure costs can pose a significant barrier to EV adoption for fleet operators or for employers who wish to provide EV charging for employees. Smart EVSE can play a role in managing the infrastructure and installation cost of EVSE. Such products can enable charging when there are limitations in electrical capacity. Three types of smart EVSE are tested and compared: 1) fully autonomous/local control, 2) networked/cloud managed control, and 3) a hybrid of local and cloud managed control.

MacCurdy, Dwight, Kay, Carol D., Kumar, Karun, Aswani, Deepak J.

Case unveils fully-electric backhoe loader, begins delivery this year

20TOFHP04_1304/01/2020

Case Construction Equipment's move toward alternative propulsion took another step forward at March's ConExpo-Con/Agg Show when it revealed “Project Zeus,” also known as the 580 EV electric backhoe loader. Leandro Lecheta, head of construction equipment in North America for CNH Industrial, was quick to point out that the fully-electric machine is not a concept - it's available for sale today and already has two customer orders in the U.S. The 580 EV is Case's first formal entry into the electric-equipment market. “The backhoe loader is perfectly suited for electrification as the varied use cycles, from heavy to light work, provide an excellent opportunity to convert wasted diesel engine hours into zero-consumption battery time - yet provide the operator with instantaneous torque response when needed,” said Eric Zieser, Case director of global compact equipment product line. “We're proving the viability of electrification at the larger end of the compact and light equipment spectrum

Gehm, Ryan

EVs are coming, but challenges, alternative fuels will slow turnover

20TOFHP04_1004/01/2020

Regulatory attacks on petroleum are sparking heavy investments in battery power, but alternative fuels continue to spar for growth. As vehicles move slowly from diesel to alternatives, owners and operators will need to focus on training and telematics to maximize efficiency. Battery power was front and center in Indianapolis at the Green Truck Summit in March, as speakers described infrastructure challenges and training requirements as well as equipment pricing issues. Alternative fuels remain viable as vehicle suppliers strive to meet regulations that sharply reduce emissions over the next two decades.

Costlow, Terry

Narrower focus, BIGGER PAYOFF

19TOFHP12_0312/01/2019

Design teams are targeting focused markets for their commercial electric-vehicle programs to combat challenges like range and infrastructure. Government regulations are prompting a changeover to electric powertrains, with early growth coming in commercial vehicle applications where range and recharging are more easily managed. Greater expansion will require revisions in maintenance and broader availability of charging stations as well as improved driving ranges. Electric vehicle (EV) introductions are coming at a rapid pace, and major fleet owners like Penske and Amazon are placing significant orders. ABI Research predicts that commercial-vehicle shipments will hit 3 million units worldwide by 2024. That's a strong 28% growth rate over the next five years. Most of that expansion will come in operations with planned routes and home-base charging, according to ABI.

Costlow, Terry

GM underway with plan to build U.S. electric-vehicle charging infrastructure

19AUTP09_1009/01/2019

Tesla has its coveted Supercharger network of high-voltage fast chargers, but despite a widely-discussed goal of contributing to a future with zero vehicle emissions, Mike Abelson, General Motors' vice president of EV infrastructure, admitted at the 2019 CAR Management Briefing Seminars conference that his company doesn't “wish to spend our capital to build (DC) fast chargers-we wish to spend our capital to build more electric vehicles.” Abelson said an extensive and robust public EV charging network-one presumably populated mostly with high-voltage, direct-current fast chargers-is “the key to convince people the EV really can be their primary vehicle.” The company's VP of EV infrastructure (a relatively new position at GM, incidentally) said the nation still doesn't have nearly enough so-called “enroute” charging, citing the conference's northern-Michigan locale as an example. Abelson showed a map of the state's uppermost region that indicated not a single DC fast-charger to

Visnic, Bill

Wireless Power Transfer for Light-Duty Plug-in/Electric Vehicles and Alignment Methodology

J2954_201904 (Historical)04/23/2019

The Recommended Practice SAE J2954 establishes an industry-wide specification that defines acceptable criteria for interoperability, electromagnetic compatibility, EMF, minimum performance, safety, and testing for wireless charging of light-duty electric and plug-in electric vehicles. The specification defines various charging levels that are based on the levels defined for SAE J1772 conductive AC charge levels 1, 2, and 3, with some variations. A standard for wireless power transfer (WPT) based on these charge levels enables selection of a charging rate based on vehicle requirements, thus allowing for better vehicle packaging and ease of customer use. The specification supports home (private) charging and public wireless charging. In the near term, vehicles that are able to be charged wirelessly under Recommended Practice SAE J2954 should also be able to be charged by SAE J1772 plug-in chargers. This Recommended Practice is planned to be standardized after the 2018 timeframe after

Hybrid - EV Committee

Feasibility Analysis of Taxi Fleet Electrification using 4.9 Million Miles of Real-World Driving Data

2019-01-039204/02/2019

Ride hailing activity is rapidly increasing, largely due to the growth of transportation network companies such as Uber and Lyft. However, traditional taxi companies continue to represent an important mobility option for travelers. Columbus Yellow Cab, a taxi company in Columbus, Ohio, offers traditional line-of-sight hailing as well as digital hailing through a mobile app. Data from Columbus Yellow Cab was provided to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory to analyze the potential for taxi electrification. Columbus Yellow Cab data contained information describing both global positioning system trajectories and taxi meter information. The data spanned a period of 13 months, containing approximately 70 million global system positioning system points, 840 thousand trips, and 170 unique vehicles. A variety of scenarios were evaluated using Columbus Yellow Cab data and the Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Projection Tool (EVI-Pro) to understand challenges and opportunities associated with

Moniot, Matthew, Rames, Clement, Burrell, Erin

Validation of Wireless Power Transfer up to 11kW Based on SAE J2954 with Bench and Vehicle Testing

2019-01-086804/02/2019

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) promises automated and highly efficient charging of electric and plug-in-hybrid vehicles. As commercial development proceeds forward, the technical challenges of efficiency, interoperability, interference and safety are a primary focus for this industry. The SAE Vehicle Wireless Power and Alignment Taskforce published the Recommended Practice J2954 to help harmonize the first phase of high-power WPT technology development. SAE J2954 uses a performance-based approach to standardizing WPT by specifying ground and vehicle assembly coils to be used in a test stand (per Z-class) to validate performance, interoperability and safety. The main goal of this SAE J2954 bench testing campaign was to prove interoperability between WPT systems utilizing different coil magnetic topologies. This type of testing had not been done before on such a scale with real automaker and supplier systems. Several automakers, suppliers and government employees worked together to create

Schneider, Jesse, Carlson, Richard, Sirota, Jonathan, Sutton, Robert, Taha, Eloi, Kesler, Morris, Kamichi, Kensuke, Teerlinck, Ivo, Abeta, Hiroyuki, Minagawa, Yusuke, Yazaki, Satoshi, Yoon, Uooyeol, Kawashima, Kiyotaka, Muskett, Sam, Bohn, Theodore, Mathar, Sebastian, Mikat, Daniel, Guag, Joshua, Seidman, Seth, Reitan, Ron

Electric Vehicle Fast Chargers Present Some Overlooked Circuit Protection Challenges

TBMG-3415304/01/2019

The first mass-produced electric vehicles (EVs) hit the road late in 2010 with the introduction of the Nissan Leaf, which remains the world’s top-selling, highway-capable, all-electric car. In the United States, sales of EVs are gaining momentum, with 2017 sales up by 25% over 20161. EVs, however, are still outnumbered by roughly 300 to 1 by vehicles powered by internal combustion engines. EVs are unlikely to become fully mainstream until there is a nationwide network of charging stations that can charge a vehicle quickly enough to get travelers back on the road in a matter of minutes rather than hours.

EDITORIAL: Bigger barrier to CBEVs: Batteries or infrastructure?

19TOFHP04_0604/01/2019

Batteries have long been considered the main barrier to deployment of commercial battery-electric vehicles (CBEVs), but many industry insiders now say charging infrastructure is a bigger impediment as battery costs continue to decline. “A decade ago we would have said battery cost is the biggest barrier, but I think we're moving beyond that,” Gary Parker, Director of Electrified Power Engineering Programs at Cummins, said at the recent Green Truck Summit in Indianapolis. “Infrastructure is going to be one of the big barriers, if we can get through not just basic capital costs but also the grid and its stability.”

Gehm, Ryan

Alternate Solution for EV Charge Point Infrastructure in Crowded Urban Areas along the Shore

2019-26-012101/09/2019

Many countries including India have aggressively aimed to implement electric vehicles (EVs) usage from 2030 onwards. Companies such as General Motors, Uber, Waymo and Nissan etc. are exploring the realm of autonomous vehicles (AV) for use as taxis as early as 2019. Above facts logically arrive at the solution of Autonomous EVs as taxis. With the commitment towards enabling an all-electric future, there exists a need to provide suitable infrastructure for recharging. Major urban cities located by the shoreline such as New York, Hong Kong, Mumbai, Los Angeles etc. have been facing the space crunch, with real estate prices sky-rocketing exponentially. With this premise, the operating company would need a large amount of space to store their EVs for charging which attributes to a longer downtime. This brings a need for an economical charging location that has a reduced usage of urban infrastructure and energy consumption. This study explores the possibility of an alternate charging

Khanzode, Tushar, Chakrapani, Varun, Tippannanavar, Shivayogi

For EVs to ‘win,’ battery tech must outpace oil-industry advances

19AUTP08_0801/01/2019

Analysts say moderate oil prices in the U.S. will continue to inhibit the growth of BEV sales-even as battery costs decline. As the auto industry ramps up development of battery-electric vehicles, petroleum remains king-and analysts are predicting a possibly epic wreckage as conflicting global trends, consumer desires and classic auto-sector demand cycles collide. Oil prices are moderate in the U.S. and the industry continues to exploit new reserves at reasonable prices. Which means the focus is not on oil supply but meeting peak oil demand. This scenario would seem to inhibit the growth of battery-electric vehicle (BEV) sales-and if it continues for a long period, sales could indeed be impacted, noted Trish Curtis, president and co-founder of Petronerds, a global energy-analytics firm.

Weissler, Paul, Visnic, Bill

Battery Provides Electric Vehicles with Immunity from Climate Conditions

TBMG-3341412/01/2018

Conventional lithium-ion batteries cannot be rapidly charged at temperatures below 50 °F. Electric vehicles are popular on the West Coast because the weather is conducive to quick charging. Once the vehicles are moved to the East Coast or Canada, there is a tremendous issue with charging.

Q&A: Dr. André D. Taylor, Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Dept., New York University Tandon School of Engineering, New York, NY

TBMG-3285609/01/2018

An international team of university researchers, led by Dr. Taylor, reports solving a major fabrication challenge for perovskite cells — the intriguing potential challengers to silicon-based solar cells. These crystalline structures show great promise because they can absorb almost all wavelengths of light. Perovskite solar cells are already commercialized on a small scale, but recent vast improvements in their power conversion efficiency are driving interest in using them as low-cost alternatives for solar panels.

Instructions for Using Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV) Communications, Interoperability and Security Documents

J2836_201807 (Current)07/18/2018

This SAE Information Report J2836 establishes the instructions for the documents required for the variety of potential functions for PEV communications, energy transfer options, interoperability and security. This includes the history, current status and future plans for migrating through these documents created in the Hybrid Communication and Interoperability Task Force, based on functional objective (e.g., (1) if I want to do V2G with an off-board inverter, what documents and items within them do I need, (2) What do we intend for V3 of SAE J2953, …).

Hybrid - EV Committee

Grid Friendly™ Charger Controller

TBMG-2887105/01/2018

Electric vehicles are growing in popularity, and while they represent a cleaner alternative to fossil-fueled vehicles, their increased use may stress the grid if this growing load is left unmanaged. A need exists for a method of charging these vehicles that reduces costs for the consumer, while assuring a stable electric grid.

Feasibility Study of Bi-directional Wireless Charging for Vehicle-to-Grid

2018-01-066904/03/2018

Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology is expected to play a role in addressing the imbalance between periods of peak demand and peak supply on the electricity grid. V2G technology enables two-way power flow between the grid and the high-power, high-capacity propulsion batteries in an electrified vehicle. That is, V2G allows the vehicle to store electricity during peak supply periods, and then discharge it back into the grid during peak demand periods. The authors have performed an architectural design and a modeling and simulation study for a bi-directional wireless charging system for V2G applications. This research activity aims to adapt an existing SAE J2954 compatible uni-directional system design to enable bi-directional wireless power transfer with minimum impact to system cost, while maintaining full compatibility with the requirements of SAE J2954.

Tachikawa, Kosuke, Kesler, Morris, Atasoy, Oguz

Charger Sizing for Long-Range Battery Electric Vehicles

2018-01-042704/03/2018

The falling cost of lithium ion batteries combined with an ongoing need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is driving the proliferation of affordable long-range battery electric vehicles (BEVs). However, an inherent challenge with longer-range BEVs is the increased time required to fully charge the battery using standard 120/240 V AC power outlets. One approach to address this issue involves moving to higher power onboard AC chargers; however, household and utility wiring may not allow for the full capability of these higher power chargers. This study explores the typical time available for vehicle charging during an overnight stop based on real-world customer “MyFord Mobile” (MFM) data collected from Ford electrified vehicles. Through this approach, the available overnight time for recharging and required energy to be added to the battery are evaluated under the influence of typical daily driving distances, extreme ambient temperatures, and value charging time windows.

Kok, Daniel, Dhillon, Jaswant, Ahmed, N Khalid, Rhodes, Kevin

Study of 450-kW Ultra Power Dynamic Charging System

2018-01-134304/03/2018

This research sought to develop a dynamic charging system, achieving an unlimited EV cruising range by charging the EV at high power during cruising. This system would help make it possible to finish battery charging in a short time by contact with the EV while cruising and enable drivers to freely cruise their intended routes after charging. A simulation of dynamic charging conditions was conducted for ordinary autonomous cruising (i.e., ordinary EV cruising) when dynamically charging at a high power of 450-kW (DC 750 V, 600 A). This report discusses the study results of a method of building the infrastructure, as well as looking at the cruise test results and future outlook. In particular, the research clarified the conditions for achieving an unlimited vehicle cruising range with a 450-kW dynamic charging system. It also demonstrated that this system would allow battery capacities to be greatly reduced and make it possible to secure the battery supply volume and resources. It

Tajima, Takamitsu, Tanaka, Hideki

Security for Plug-In Electric Vehicle Communications

J2931/7_201802 (Current)02/15/2018

This SAE Information Report J2931/7 establishes the security requirements for digital communication between Plug-In Electric Vehicles (PEV), the Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) and the utility, ESI, Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and/or Home Area Network (HAN).

Hybrid - EV Committee

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