Browse Topic: Wireless charging

Items (73)

A Traffic Microsimulation Based Study of an Electric Road System with Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer

2024-26-010201/16/2024

Electrification of road transport is a critical step towards establishment of a sustainable transport ecosystem. However, a major hindrance to electric mobility is the high cost and weight of the battery pack. Downsizing the battery pack will not only address these issues, but will also reduce embedded emissions due to battery manufacturing. One approach towards reducing battery pack size and still offering the user of electric vehicles similar mobility experiences as in case of conventional vehicles is to set up extensive network of charging or battery swapping stations. Another approach is to provide the vehicle with required energy while it is on the move. However, conventional systems such as overhead line or conducting rails have several disadvantages in the urban environment. One solution that has come up in this regard in recent times is the concept of Electric Roads System (ERS), which involves dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) to the vehicles from power transmitters

Sardar, Arghya, Prasad, Mukti

Reliable Power for Long-Term Lunar Surface Operations

TBMG-4698111/07/2022

Optimization of Electric Vehicle Wireless Power Transmission Efficiency Based on Antlion Optimization Algorithm

2022-01-095603/29/2022

As a technological innovation in the electric vehicle industry, magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission technology is of great significance to promote the development of the electric vehicle industry chain. The current wireless charging technology is affected by the design of the vehicle itself. The distance between the vehicle-mounted part of the wireless charging and the ground is not fixed, and the change of the parking attitude will cause the projective deviation of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, so it is reasonable to match the transmission frequency, matching impedance and other parameters It is of great significance for optimizing the efficiency of power transmission. This paper establishes a mathematical model of transmission frequency, matching impedance, distance between two coils and wireless power transmission efficiency. Based on the preliminary analysis of 10 experimental data of wireless charging vehicles in the laboratory under different

Lu, Xin, Fan, Longyu

Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) Terminology

J1715_202105-TEST-REC (Historical)05/28/2021

This SAE Information Report contains definitions for HEV, PHEV, and EV terminology. It is intended that this document be a resource for those writing other HEV, PHEV, and EV documents, specifications, standards, or recommended practices.

Hybrid - EV Committee

Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) Terminology

J1715_202105 (Historical)

05/28/2021

This SAE Information Report contains definitions for HEV, PHEV, and EV terminology. It is intended that this document be a resource for those writing other HEV, PHEV, and EV documents, specifications, standards, or recommended practices.

Hybrid - EV Committee

2.0.113.99 - *admin change pending* Comparison Study on Fuel Properties of Biodiesel from Jatropha, Palm and Petroleum Based Diesel Fuel

SAE-PP-0035403/03/2021

The increase of air pollution and global warming is a threat for human life. Besides, the price of petroleum is increasing rapidly and the resources are diminishing. This obliged scientists and engineers to look for alternative sources of energy, which are cleaner and more sustainable. Biodiesel, defined as mono-alkyls of esters from vegetable oils and animals fat, is a cleaner renewable fuel and has been considered as the best alternative for petroleum based diesel fuel hence it can be used in any compression ignition engines without any significant modification. The main advantages of using biodiesel are its renewability and better quality of exhaust gas emissions due to their higher content of oxygen. The produce less soot and hence the feed stuck is plant it will regenerate the CO2 by the photosynthesis which ensures the renewability and reduces global warming. But these alternative fuels have faced some obstacles while utilizing in CI engines which are due to some of their

Mutagaana, Festo

Foreign Object Debris Detection and Automatic 1 Elimination for 2 Autonomous EV Wireless Charging Application

SAE-PP-0023002/03/2021

Abstract: Power pad designing, misalignment reduction, safety, automation, living object detection (LOD), and foreign object debris (FOD) 5 detection are the key challenges in the commercialization of the high voltage wireless charging of Electric Vehicles (EV). The interruption 6 from unwanted and sensitive foreign objects such as metal objects and living objects over the charging pads is an immense challenge for 7 the static wireless charging of EV. In this manuscript, the problem of interference due to foreign objects and living objects has been 8 analyzed and an innovative laser and sensor based FOD detection method is proposed and verified by developing a prototype setup. 9 Modeling and analysis of the effects of foreign objects have been performed using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in Ansys Maxwell® 10 environment. The analysis compares the consequence of the presence of foreign objects on the wireless charging power pad. The proposed 11 method utilizes laser light and sensor

Anthony, Lindsay

051 - Development of a 0D Model Starting from Different RANS CFD Tumble Flow Fields in Order to Predict the Turbulence Evolution at Ignition Timing

SAE-PP-0018901/30/2021

Faster combustion and lower cycle-to-cycle variability are mandatory tasks for naturally aspirated engines to reduce emission levels and to increase engine efficiency. The promotion of a stable and coherent tumble structure is considered as one of the best way to promote the in-cylinder turbulence and therefore the combustion velocity. During the compression stroke the tumble vortex is deformed, accelerated and its breakdown in smaller eddies leads to the turbulence enhancement process. The prediction of the final level of turbulence for a particular engine operating point is crucial during the engine design process because it represents a practical comparative means for different engine solutions. The tumble ratio parameter value represents a first step toward the evaluation of the turbulence level at ignition time, but it has an intrinsic limit. The tumble ratio parameter represents the value of the angular velocity of a single macro vortex, while the flow-field is often

Mutagaana, Festo

New SAE Wireless Charging standard is EV game-changer

20TOFHP12_0512/01/2020

SAE International on October 22 announced publication of the first global standard that specifies, in a single document, both the electric vehicle and supply equipment (EVSE) ground-system requirements for wireless charging of electric vehicles (EV). The new standard, SAE J2954 (www.sae.org/standards/content/j2954_202010/), helps pave the way for charging without the need for plugging in - widely considered to be a key enabler for accelerating the adoption of EVs and autonomous vehicles. The new standard was more than a decade in the making. SAE kicked off its pioneering pre-competitive research at a time when few contemporary electric cars existed and wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for EVs were an unproven concept. The SAE J2954 Wireless Power Transfer and Alignment Taskforce worked since 2007 to thoroughly vet and test the technology, in partnership with government agencies, regulatory bodies and private-industry groups including the American Association of Medical

Shuttleworth, Jennifer

New SAE wireless charging standard is EV game-changer

20AUTP11_0611/01/2020

SAE International on October 22 announced publication of the first global standard that specifies, in a single document, both the electric vehicle- and supply equipment (EVSE) ground-system requirements for wireless charging of electric vehicles (EV). The new standard, SAE J2954 [https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j2954_202010/], helps pave the way for charging without the need for plugging in - widely considered to be a key enabler for accelerating the adoption of EVs and autonomous vehicles. The new standard was more than a decade in the making. SAE kicked off its pioneering pre-competitive research at a time when few contemporary electric cars existed and wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for EVs were an unproven concept. The SAE J2954 Wireless Power Transfer and Alignment Taskforce worked since 2007 to thoroughly vet and test the technology, in partnership with government agencies, regulatory bodies and private-industry groups including the American Association of Medical

Shuttleworth, Jennifer

Wireless Power Transfer for Light-Duty Plug-in/Electric Vehicles and Alignment Methodology

J2954_202010 (Historical)

10/20/2020

The SAE J2954 standard establishes an industry-wide specification that defines acceptable criteria for interoperability, electromagnetic compatibility, EMF, minimum performance, safety, and testing for wireless power transfer (WPT) of light-duty plug-in electric vehicles. The specification defines various charging levels that are based on the levels defined for SAE J1772 conductive AC charge levels 1, 2, and 3, with some variations. A standard for WPT based on these charge levels enables selection of a charging rate based on vehicle requirements, thus allowing for better vehicle packaging and ease of customer use. The specification supports home (private) charging and public wireless charging. In the near term, vehicles that are able to be charged wirelessly under SAE J2954 should also be able to be charged conductively by SAE J1772 plug-in chargers. SAE J2954 addresses unidirectional charging, from grid to vehicle; bidirectional energy transfer may be evaluated for a future standard

Hybrid - EV Committee

Communication for Wireless Power Transfer Between Light-Duty Plug-in Electric Vehicles and Wireless EV Charging Stations

J2847/6_202009 (Current)09/29/2020

SAE J2847/6 establishes minimum requirements for communication between an electric vehicle and an inductive battery charging system for wireless power transfer (WPT). Where relevant, this document notes—but does not formally specify—interactions between the vehicle and vehicle operator. This document leverages the work of the SAE J2954 Alignment and Controls Sub-Team in the Wireless Power Transfer and Alignment Task Force by extending a JSON-based message set (protocol) originally developed to bench test wireless energy transfer interoperability between unmatched Ground Assembly (GA) and Vehicle Assembly (VA) systems (i.e., components manufactured by different companies). SAE J2847/6 furthers that work by adding messages sufficient to indicate that proper coil alignment has been achieved, initialize the sub-systems for wireless charging, ramp-up to full power, perform active wireless power transfer, and terminate the WPT session. Guidance for an engineering implementation of the JSON

Hybrid - EV Committee

Q&A: Wireless Power for Neural Stimulation

TBMG-3765709/01/2020

Prof. Jacob Robinson and a team of researchers at Rice University (Houston, TX) developed a prototype of an implantable neural stimulator — the size of a grain of rice — that needs no batteries. Instead, it is powered wirelessly by means of an externally applied magnetic field.

Q&A: Charge Wirelessly as You Drive

TBMG-3744808/01/2020

Dr. Omer Onar led a team at the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) that demonstrated a 20-kilo-watt bi-directional charging system installed on a UPS hybrid electric delivery truck. The system enables electric vehicles to be charged while on the road.

Wirelessly Powered, Leadless Pacemaker

TBMG-3684505/01/2020

Approximately 30% of patients with chronic heart failure also have electrical conduction problems in their heart that require a type of therapy to resynchronize the heart’s conduction system in its two largest chambers. In these cases, doctors prescribe cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), which is delivered by long wires, called leads, attached to pacemakers to pace both of the bottom chambers of the heart.

A Method of the Improvement of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) System Efficiency, Compatibility, EMI Reduction, and Foreign Object Detection (FOD) for EV Applications

2020-01-053004/14/2020

During the charging Electric Vehicle (EV), power transfer occurs in the power electronics of an EV powertrain. Understanding how the Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) occurs would be beneficial for achieving convenient charging method. This paper focuses on improving WPT system pad compatibility, power transfer efficiency, EMI reduction, and Foreign Object Detection (FOD). The choice of convertible WPT pad for circular and DD type coil, improvement of pad compatibility is analyzed in this paper. In addition, several control methods of increasing WPT system efficiency are proposed. Firstly, the effect of Full Bridge - Half Bridge (FB-HB) is introduced, and the influence of a Bridgeless control scheme is discussed. A new, ferrite pad structure is applied to WPT system in order to achieve EMI reduction. Lastly, a new strategy of Foreign Object Detection (FOD) is suggested for WPT system using phase difference and frequency variation detection.

Cha, JaeEun, Lee, Woo Young, Choe, Gyu-Yeong, Kim, Young Jin, Joo, Jung Hong, Jung, Jin Hwan

Oxygen Sensor for Sick Infants

TBMG-3615603/01/2020

Researchers at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) are developing a sensor the size of a Band-Aid that will measure a baby’s blood oxygen levels, a vital indication of the lungs’ effectiveness and whether the baby’s tissue is receiving adequate oxygen supply. Unlike current systems used in hospitals, this miniaturized wearable device will be flexible and stretchable, wireless, inexpensive, and mobile — possibly allowing the child to leave the hospital and be monitored remotely. The sensor measures blood gases diffusing through the skin and reports the data wirelessly.

Research on Electromagnetic Compatibility for Wireless Charging System of Electric Vehicles

2019-01-505711/04/2019

Currently, there are no specific standards on electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) test for wireless charging system of electric vehicles (EVs). However, the EMC test items have been summarized in some international standards. And the national standard is under developing. In order to support the formulation of corresponding national standards and regulations, promote the rapid development of EVs industry and support the implementation of the national strategy of new energy vehicles (NEVs) and intelligent network vehicle, we carry out the EMC test for wireless charging systems. In this paper, the wireless charging system of EVs is taken as the research object, which can also been called equipment under test (EUT). Firstly, an introduction of the research status was summarized. And then, the influence parameters such as output power and offset are analyzed. Based on the analysis, the EMC test was implemented to evaluate the EMC performance of EUT. Finally, the relevant research results

Jiang, Li, Liu, Haiming, Ding, Yifu, Zhang, Xu, Zhang, Yue

19AUTP10_0110/01/2019

A team of young innovators aims to transform a critical piece of safety equipment - and create new business - through collaboration. Few colors shock the human brain into attention more than high-visibility Yellow. “Hi-viz” as it's known in the safety-apparel industry, is an on-the-job requirement for first responders, road workers, tow-truck drivers, linesmen, loggers, couriers, coast guard deck crews - any all-weather vocation for which being seen in low-visibility situations can make the difference between life and death. Included are overnight package-delivery drivers who must sprint across busy city streets - at night, in the fog and rain - to deliver the goods. But hi-viz, even when combined with reflective fabrics, is often not sufficient for wearers to be seen.

Brooke, Lindsay

New Electromyography Biofeedback Device

TBMG-3459406/01/2019

Anew electromyography biofeedback device that is wearable and connects to novel smartphone games may offer people with incomplete paraplegia a more affordable, self-controllable therapy to enhance their recovery, according to a new study. Electromyography (recording electrical activity of muscles) biofeedback has been shown to enhance recovery of muscle control in people with incomplete spinal cord injury. However, existing biofeedback therapy devices are expensive and can be operated only by trained personnel in a laboratory environment. These factors prevent many people — up to 50,000 in the United States — from accessing the biofeedback therapy that could benefit their recoveries.

Development of the Wireless Power Transfer Technology for a Sliding Door

2019-01-048504/02/2019

The sliding door’s movement is 3-dimensional unlike the conventional door. So the electric power and signal are exchanged via the long ‘Power Cable’. It has a quite complex structure in order to be suitable to connect the vehicle’s body and the sliding door even during it’s moving. As the result, it is more expensive than conventional door’s one and the quality could not be guaranteed easily. In this paper, I have developed new technology which could transfer electric power by ‘wireless transfer’ in order to resolve the problem from using ‘Power cable’. I would propose the proper structure to transfer the electric power at any position of the sliding door without any physical connection. To transfer the electric power which drives the window regulator and the actuators in door, I have applied the ‘inductive coupling’ system. And in order to decide the engineering properties - such as the dimensions of the core, the values of the electric elements and the frequency of the transferred

Je, MyoungKwon, Lee, Jae Kyu, Choi, Jae Hong, Yun, Hyung In, Kim, KeunSoo

A Resonant Capacitive Coupling WPT-Based Method to Power and Monitor Seat Belt Buckle Switch Status in Removable and Interchangeable Seats

2019-01-046504/02/2019

In this study, we present an intelligent and wireless subsystem for powering and communicating with three sets of seat belt buckle sensors that are each installed on removable and interchangeable automobile seating. As automobile intelligence systems advance, a logical step is for the driver’s dashboard to display seat belt buckle indicators for rear seating in addition to the front seating. The problem encountered is that removable and interchangeable automobile seating outfitted with wired power and data links are inherently less reliable than rigidly fixed seating, as there is a risk of damage to the detachable power and data connectors throughout end-user seating removal/re-installation cycles. The present study tackles this issue through outfitting three removable and interchangeable rear seat assemblies with resonant capacitive coupling wireless power transfer as to power each rear seat across a variable gap between the interior paneling and that side of the seat closest to the

Cuddihy, Mark, Pottle, Brian

Validation of Wireless Power Transfer up to 11kW Based on SAE J2954 with Bench and Vehicle Testing

2019-01-086804/02/2019

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) promises automated and highly efficient charging of electric and plug-in-hybrid vehicles. As commercial development proceeds forward, the technical challenges of efficiency, interoperability, interference and safety are a primary focus for this industry. The SAE Vehicle Wireless Power and Alignment Taskforce published the Recommended Practice J2954 to help harmonize the first phase of high-power WPT technology development. SAE J2954 uses a performance-based approach to standardizing WPT by specifying ground and vehicle assembly coils to be used in a test stand (per Z-class) to validate performance, interoperability and safety. The main goal of this SAE J2954 bench testing campaign was to prove interoperability between WPT systems utilizing different coil magnetic topologies. This type of testing had not been done before on such a scale with real automaker and supplier systems. Several automakers, suppliers and government employees worked together to create

Schneider, Jesse, Carlson, Richard, Sirota, Jonathan, Sutton, Robert, Taha, Eloi, Kesler, Morris, Kamichi, Kensuke, Teerlinck, Ivo, Abeta, Hiroyuki, Minagawa, Yusuke, Yazaki, Satoshi, Yoon, Uooyeol, Kawashima, Kiyotaka, Muskett, Sam, Bohn, Theodore, Mathar, Sebastian, Mikat, Daniel, Guag, Joshua, Seidman, Seth, Reitan, Ron

Bi-Directional Wireless Power Transfer for Vehicle-to-Grid: Demonstration and Performance Analysis

2019-01-087004/02/2019

Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology is expected to play a role in addressing the imbalance between periods of peak demand and peak supply on the electricity grid. V2G technology enables two-way power flow between the grid and the high-power, high-capacity propulsion battery in an electrified vehicle. That is, V2G enables a balance between power demand and supply, which is becoming difficult due to the introduction of intermittent sources of renewable energy. The authors have shown through system simulations that bi-directional wireless power transfer (WPT) is possible with a system that meets the emerging SAE J2954 standard. Based on the result, the authors have also demonstrated a bi-directional wireless charging system for V2G applications. In this work an existing SAE J2954 compatible uni-directional system was adapted to enable bi-directional wireless power transfer with minimum impact to system cost, while maintaining full compatibility with the requirements of SAE J2954. Results of

Tachikawa, Kosuke, Kesler, Morris, Danilovic, Milisav, Esteban, Bryan, Atasoy, Oguz, Yeung, Kinjeo

An Approach for Mutual Inductance Identification of Wireless Power Transfer System in Electric Vehicle Charging Applications

2019-01-086604/02/2019

As a key parameter of fundamental electrical, mutual inductance always used to characterize the overall performance of wireless power transfer (WPT) system in electric vehicle charging applications. However, in real case, factors such as parking misalignments, load variations and intrusion of foreign objects would result in a variation of mutual inductance between both coils, which may adversely impact on transmitted power and transmission efficiency. Therefore, in this paper, we propose to identify mutual inductance parameter with the least square method (LSM) based on the equivalent circuit model. In section II, COMSOL is adopted to simulate mutual inductance variation with the change of lateral offset. In section III, the differential equation is derived from the state space equation of the WPT system. Through identifying the process parameters, the mutual inductance of coils can be obtained by the functional relationship between them. In section IV, by means with simulation used

Meng, Xiong, Wei, Xuezhe, Dai, Haifeng

Comparative Analysis of Power Pad for Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles

2019-01-086504/02/2019

Wireless charging of Electric Vehicle adhere the mutual induction to transmit power to the battery and eliminates need of wire and physical connection. Power pad design, frequency of power transfer, distance between transfer coils and alignment of transfer coils are critical challenges of EV wireless charging. Power pad design entails optimization of coil shape and size, core shape, and material of coil and core along with economic analysis. The manuscript compares the already available coil shapes, with the introduction of ferrite core across the coils to design an extremely efficient power pad for the wireless charging of EV. A 3D finite element method (FEA) is being used for analysis, due to the unconventional distribution of the flux. Only three types of coils, D, DD, and DDQ, are taken to analyze the effect of magnetic ferrite core. The comparison is made based on simulation results, magnetic flux pattern as well as data imported from the results. Ansys 3D Maxwell simulation

Ahmad, Aqueel, Alam, Mohammad Saad, Chabaan, Rakan, Mohamed, Ahmed

Feasibility Study of Bi-directional Wireless Charging for Vehicle-to-Grid

2018-01-066904/03/2018

Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology is expected to play a role in addressing the imbalance between periods of peak demand and peak supply on the electricity grid. V2G technology enables two-way power flow between the grid and the high-power, high-capacity propulsion batteries in an electrified vehicle. That is, V2G allows the vehicle to store electricity during peak supply periods, and then discharge it back into the grid during peak demand periods. The authors have performed an architectural design and a modeling and simulation study for a bi-directional wireless charging system for V2G applications. This research activity aims to adapt an existing SAE J2954 compatible uni-directional system design to enable bi-directional wireless power transfer with minimum impact to system cost, while maintaining full compatibility with the requirements of SAE J2954.

Tachikawa, Kosuke, Kesler, Morris, Atasoy, Oguz

Parameter Identification of Self-Inductance in Wireless Power Transfer System for Electric Vehicles

2018-01-046304/03/2018

For a practical pad design, a magnetic shielding layer is imperative which is made of ferrite, aluminum or some other metallic material. However, once the magnetic shielding layer is added, not only the mutual inductance but also the self-inductance of the coupling coils vary with the lateral misalignment which is inevitable for a human driver. The change of self-inductance will also result in the mistuning problem in the resonant circuit, which can significantly reduce the transmission efficiency of the whole wireless power transfer (WPT) system. This paper proposed a method of parameter identification of self-inductance based on the least square in order to solve the mistuning problem. In order to verify the proposed method, both the simulation model and the experiment set-up are built.

Luo, Zhichao, Wei, Xuezhe

Study of 450-kW Ultra Power Dynamic Charging System

2018-01-134304/03/2018

This research sought to develop a dynamic charging system, achieving an unlimited EV cruising range by charging the EV at high power during cruising. This system would help make it possible to finish battery charging in a short time by contact with the EV while cruising and enable drivers to freely cruise their intended routes after charging. A simulation of dynamic charging conditions was conducted for ordinary autonomous cruising (i.e., ordinary EV cruising) when dynamically charging at a high power of 450-kW (DC 750 V, 600 A). This report discusses the study results of a method of building the infrastructure, as well as looking at the cruise test results and future outlook. In particular, the research clarified the conditions for achieving an unlimited vehicle cruising range with a 450-kW dynamic charging system. It also demonstrated that this system would allow battery capacities to be greatly reduced and make it possible to secure the battery supply volume and resources. It

Tajima, Takamitsu, Tanaka, Hideki

Wireless Charging of Moving Electric Vehicles

TBMG-2829802/01/2018

If electric cars could recharge while driving down a highway, it would virtually eliminate concerns about their range and lower their cost, perhaps making electricity the standard fuel for vehicles. Researchers have wirelessly transmitted electricity to a nearby moving object, which could advance wireless charging of vehicles and personal devices such as cellphones, and untether robotics in manufacturing.

System Integrates High-Speed Data and Wireless Power Transfer

TBMG-2798412/01/2017

Sources of wireless power — such as wireless cellphone charging pads — require near-physical contact with the pad, limiting the usefulness of a truly wireless power source. Recent work has extended wireless power to mid-range, which can supply power at inches to feet of separation. Most of these wireless power systems have only focused on the power problem, not the data that needs to accompany smart devices.

Bench Testing Validation of Wireless Power Transfer up to 7.7kW Based on SAE J2954

07-11-02-000910/08/2017

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is presently being applied to consumer electronics in the low-power range and is planned to be commercialized in the high-power range for plug-in and electric vehicles in 2018. There are, however, many technology challenges remaining before widespread implementation of high-power WPT will occur. The SAE Vehicle Wireless Power and Alignment Taskforce published the Technical Information Report J2954 in 2016 to help harmonize the first phase of high-power WPT technology development. SAE J2954 adopts a performance-based approach to standardizing WPT by specifying ground and assembly coils to be used in a test stand (per Z-class) to validate performance, interoperability and safety. The main goal of this SAE J2954 bench testing campaign was to prove interoperability between WPT systems utilizing different coil magnetic topologies for SAE TIR J2954. The main challenge is that this type of testing had not been done before on such a scale with real automaker and

Sirota, Jonathan, Kesler, Morris, Klerer, Mark, Mathar, Sebastian, Minagawa, Yusuke, Abeta, Hiroyuki, Taha, Eloi

Wireless Magnetic Field Powers Folding Robots

TBMG-2773810/01/2017

Folding robots based on origami have emerged as an exciting new frontier of robotic design. However, they generally require onboard batteries or a wired connection to a power source, making them bulkier and clunkier than their paper inspiration and limiting their functionality. A team of researchers at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering has created battery-free folding robots that are capable of complex, repeatable movements powered and controlled through a wireless magnetic field.

SAE STANDARDS NEWS

17AUTP09_0409/01/2017

Kickoff to begin testing program to validate SAE J2954 wireless charging Recommended Practice SAE International Ground Vehicle Standards activity is recruiting industry participants for a Cooperative Research Project (CRP) for Safe and Interoperable Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) for charging hybrid and electric vehicles. Automotive Engineering spoke with Jesse Schneider, Chairman of the SAE J2954 Taskforce, regarding standardization related to the upcoming SAE WPT CRP testing program kickoff. “The Recommended Practice for SAE J2954 is on track to be released later this year, which will provide design and testing guidance for Wireless Power Transfer and alignment for Plug-in Hybrid/Electric Vehicles. Completion of the Recommended Practice for J2954 is the next step in the standardization process and provides specifications up to 11kW, WPT 3,” he said. Part of that massive, fast-track effort by the SAE J2954 Task Force to release the final SAE J2954 Standard involves both OEM and

An Integrated Approach for Dynamic Charging of Electric Vehicles by Wireless Power Transfer - Lessons Learned from Real-Life Implementation

2017-01-907604/11/2017

The aim of this paper is to introduce a complete fast dynamic inductive charging infrastructure from the back-office system (EV management system) up to the Electric Vehicle (EV) (inductive power transfer module, positioning mechanism, electric vehicle modifications) and the EV user (User interface). Moreover, in order to assess the impact of the additional demand of inductive charging on the grid operation, an estimation of the 24-hour power profile of dynamic inductive charging is presented considering, apart from the road traffic, the probability of the need for fast charging, as well as the specifications of the proposed solution. In addition, an energy management system is presented enabling the management of the operation of the inductive charging infrastructure, the interaction with the EV users and the provision of demand response services to different stakeholders. The proposed dynamic inductive charging approach has been demonstrated within a real urban environment in order

Marengo, Luca, Karakitsios, Ioannis, Karfopoulos, Evangelos, Bustillo, Aitor, Ponsar, Marc, Del Pozo, Dionisio, Madjarov, Nikolay

SAE STANDARDS NEWS

17AUTP04_0904/01/2017

Moving EV wireless charging toward a global standard The next big enabler for electric vehicles is wireless charging, a technology planned to be commercialized by 2020 by some automakers and infrastructure suppliers alike. “Wireless power transfer is just starting now in consumer electronics in the low wattage range (such as the iWatch and upcoming iPhone 8) and in just a few years is set to penetrate the vehicle market in the kW range. The most important task at hand is to create a worldwide standard,” explained Jesse Schneider, Chairman of the SAE J2954 Task Force on Wireless Charging and Alignment. It is projected a significant percentage of next generation EVs will be sold with a wireless charging option. SAE J2954-which specifies the minimum performance and safety limits and seamless interoperability of wireless power transfer (WPT)-is the key standard to the success of both EVs and autonomous vehicle fleets.

Shuttleworth, Jennifer

Modeling of Square Planar Spiral Coils Between Two Multilayer Media for Wireless Power Transfer Systems in Electric Vehicles

2017-01-120903/28/2017

Nowadays, wireless power transfer (WPT) gradually prevails and many researchers have devoted themselves to it because it is a safe, convenient and reliable way for recharging electric vehicles comparing to the conventional plug-in contact-based methods. Square coils are commonly used in WPT systems. However, there is few theoretical analysis of self- and mutual inductance of square coils between two magnetic shielding materials. In this paper, in order to study the spatial magnetic field distribution, the analytical model of n-turn square planar spiral coils between two semi-infinite multilayer media is developed based on the Maxwell equations and the Dual Fourier transformation. And then, by means of surface integrals, the self- and mutual inductance can be carried out, with respect to the main parameters of the WPT systems such as the operating frequency, the geometry feature of the coupling coils and the properties of the multilayer media. This analytical models can be used to

Luo, Zhichao, Wei, Xuezhe

Center-Tapped Loosely Coupled Transformer Design for iCab and EV Interoperable Wireless Charger

2017-01-124103/28/2017

Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology has started to be applied in charging electrical vehicles (EV). EV models with built-in wireless charging capability is expected to be available from several major automakers in the next few years. Meanwhile, problems associated with the massive adoption of automobiles require new format of vehicles, especially the form with compact size and electric power. An inductively charged autonomous bicycle (iCab) is proposed, which has both the automotive driving and wireless charging features. It is designed to be compatible with an EV wireless charger. The wireless charging interoperability issue of the single transmitting coil capable to charge both the EV and iCab is studied in this paper. The receiving coil of a wireless charger is usually designed to match with single transmitting coil and to have a fixed power level output. To solve this problem, a center-tapped loosely coupled transformer (LCT) is proposed for interoperability between the iCab

Zhang, Wei, Malhan, Rajesh

Study of High Power Dynamic Charging System

2017-01-124503/28/2017

The use of electric vehicles (EV) is becoming more widespread as a response to global warming. The major issues associated with EV are the annoyance represented by charging the vehicles and their limited cruising range. In an attempt to remove the restrictions on the cruising range of EV, the research discussed in this paper developed a dynamic charging EV and low-cost infrastructure that would make it possible for the vehicles to charge by receiving power directly from infrastructure while in motion. Based on considerations of the effect of electromagnetic waves, charging power, and the amount of power able to be supplied by the system, this development focused on a contact-type charging system. The use of a wireless charging system would produce concerns over danger due to the infiltration of foreign matter into the primary and secondary coils and the health effects of leakage flux. Because of this, a contact-type charging system was judged to also present advantages from the

Tajima, Takamitsu, Tanaka, Hideki, Fukuda, Takeo, Nakasato, Yoshimi, Noguchi, Wataru, Katsumasa, Yoshikazu, Aruga, Tomohisa

Real-Time Coupling Coefficient Estimation for Inductive Power Transfer Systems

2017-01-160803/28/2017

Loosely coupled transformers are commonly used in inductive power transfer (IPT) systems which are inevitable part of electrified transportation. Since efficiency of these systems is mainly dependent on alignment of primary (ground side) and secondary (vehicle side) coils, estimation of coupling coefficient has a significant impact on the performance of IPT chargers. However, despite the requisite need for a plausible estimation algorithm, the lack of a simple, optimal and unsusceptible to noise algorithm is noticeable. In this paper, we introduce a new online optimal prediction method for IPT systems allowing a precise real time estimation of the coupling coefficient in the presence of measurement noises and system uncertainties. Using IPT system dynamics, the estimation scheme is proposed based on Kalman filter algorithm. This algorithm is optimal, tractable and robust and its estimation are promising as simulation results reveal.

Dadras, Sara, Malek, Hadi

Evaluation of a Commercial Demonstration Bus Line Utilizing Wireless Charging Technology

2017-01-065103/28/2017

This paper conducts an investigation on the operating cycle of Bus No. 306, which is equipped with wireless charging system, in Changsha, Hunan Province, China. The wireless charging system and electric buses are manufactured by ZTE Corporation (Zhongxing Telecommunication Equipment Corporation) and BYD Company Limited, respectively. In this paper, the operating cycle is quantified and modeled based on experimental data. The real-time bus route and SOC (state of charge) during daytime operation are recorded with the help of GPS (global position system) and BMS (battery management system). The wireless charging process is tested with a power analyzer and its charging efficiency is compared with a plug-in system. Besides, the radiation level while charging is also taken into consideration. Currently, the buses are designed to operate in daytime and get charged at night. In order to explore the battery downsizing potential, plug-in buses, wireless charging buses with fixed and free

Hu, Yaodong, Feng, Siyuan, Yao, Changsheng, Shao, Wenbo, Xu, Lubing, Zhang, Xieyuan, Lin, Li, Zhang, Jinyu, Yang, Fuyuan, Yan, Rusheng

Enhancing Performance and Safety of Medical Implantable Devices with Multiphysics Simulation

TBMG-2623701/01/2017

At St. Jude Medical, ventricle assist devices are developed to improve the lives of patients with heart failure. Numerical simulation is used throughout the design process to characterize diverse concurrent aspects of the design, from thermal effects and fluid dynamics to power transfer.

Software Models Electromagnetics of Wireless Power Transfer

TBMG-2621401/01/2017

Imagine coming home and dropping your phone, laptop, and Bluetooth® headset on your kitchen table so that they all recharge simultaneously. What if you could drive your electric car into a garage, park above a mat, and know it will be charged in the morning? What if there was a new medical implant to replace the one you wear — and the new version does not include power cords or the need to replace batteries?

SAE Eye on Engineering: Wireless EV Charging Coming

1221508/15/2016

Charging cords for electrified vehicles may soon disappear—first on luxury brands then on mainstream ones. In this episode of SAE Eye on Engineering, Editor-In-Chief Lindsay Brooke looks at wireless charging on the Mercedes S-550E. SAE Eye on Engineering also airs Monday mornings on WJR 760 AM Detroit's Paul W. Smith Show. Access archived episodes of SAE Eye on Engineering.

Chipmakers gearing up for on-board wireless charging

16MEIP06_1406/01/2016

Smart phones are becoming an integral part of vehicle infotainment options, but this integration is putting a strain on the phone's battery. In-vehicle wireless charging is increasingly seen as a preferred solution, and the normally-reticent auto industry is moving quickly to bring the technology to market. “The auto industry has been an early adopter,” said John Perzow, the Wireless Power Consortium's (WPC) Vice President of Market Development. “They've been faster than other infrastructure fields like hotels and restaurants.”

Wireless Power Transfer for Light-Duty Plug-In/ Electric Vehicles and Alignment Methodology

J2954_201605 (Historical)05/26/2016

SAE TIR J2954 establishes an industry-wide specification guideline that defines acceptable criteria for interoperability, electromagnetic compatibility, minimum performance, safety and testing for wireless charging of light duty electric and plug-in electric vehicles. The current version addresses unidirectional charging, from grid to vehicle, but bidirectional energy transfer may be evaluated for a future standard. The specification defines various charging levels that are based on the levels defined for SAE J1772 conductive AC charge levels 1, 2 and 3, with some variations. A standard for wireless power transfer (WPT) based on these charge levels will enable selection of a charging rate based on vehicle requirements, thus allowing for better vehicle packaging, and ease of customer use. The specification supports home (private) charging and public wireless charging. It is anticipated, that, in the near term, vehicles that are capable to be charged wirelessly under this Technical

Hybrid - EV Committee

Chipmakers gearing up for on-board wireless charging

16AUTP05_0905/01/2016

Smart phones are becoming an integral part of vehicle infotainment options, but this integration is putting a strain on the phone's battery. In-vehicle wireless charging is increasingly seen as a preferred solution, and the normally-reticent auto industry is moving quickly to bring the technology to market. “The auto industry has been an early adopter,” said John Perzow, the Wireless Power Consortium's (WPC) Vice President of Market Development. “They've been faster than other infrastructure fields like hotels and restaurants.”

Spotlight on Design Insight: Dynamic Wireless Charging

SOD-010/2S04/12/2016

In “Dynamic Wireless Charging Technology”, an engineer from NextEnergy in Detroit, Michigan explains the difference between static and dynamic electric vehicle charging, indicating what future developments will look like. And a professor from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology/KAIST describes their experience with dynamically charging buses already in use in their campus. This episode highlights: The technology allowing vehicles to be charged while in motion, through wireless power transfer Why this type of technology will help make vehicles more efficient and easier to charge, as they will require smaller batteries How the OLEV (Online Electric Vehicle) works following the trail of power transmitting coils Also Available in DVD Format To subscribe to a full-season of Spotlight on Design, please contact SAE Corporate Sales: CustomerSales@sae.org or 1-888-875-3976.

Technical Development of Electro Magnetic Compatibility for Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle / Electric Vehicle Using Wireless Power Transfer System

2016-01-116104/05/2016

In 2007, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology successfully completed a Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) experiment. Ever since, interest in WPT has been growing. At Toyota, we have been developing the underlying technology of a WPT system. Simultaneously we have been working with regulatory committees to create a standard for WPT. In particular, there are concerns that WPT’s radiated emissions could cause harm to humans and the neighboring electronic equipment. There are many challenges that need to be overcome, but a key concern is understanding WPT’s electromagnetic compatibility (EMI: Electro-Magnetic Interference and EMF: Electro-Magnetic Field). In this paper, we show the technical issues, the evaluation method, and the development status of EMI and EMF on PHVs/EVs when using WPT. For Electromagnetic interference (EMI) performance, we investigated both an open area test site and an electromagnetic anechoic chamber as evaluation environments. Through these tests

Verification Test Results of Wireless Charging System

2016-01-115504/05/2016

Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) began a wireless charging field test in February 2014. A wireless charging system was installed at the residences of test subjects with the aim of identifying issues related to convenience and installation in daily usage. The test vehicle was fabricated by installing a wireless charging system into a Prius PHV (Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle). The installed system had the same charging power as the cable charging system used on the base vehicle, and had a charging time of 1.5 hours. A high-frequency 85 kHz power supply and primary coil were produced for the charging infrastructure. To identify differences in charging behavior, the test subjects were asked to use the cable charging system for the first month before changing to the wireless charging system for two months. Data acquisition was performed by an on-board data logger and through interviews with the test subjects. The surface of the parking space was also investigated to identify the effects of the road

Nakamura, Toru, Misawa, Takahiro, Futakuchi, Yusuke, Kamichi, Kensuke

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