Browse Topic: Telecommunications

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Feasibility of Road Longitudinal Profiles for Automated Vehicles Based on Vehicle Dynamics2025-01-715003/19/2025
With the development and maturity of new generation digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, and 5G mobile communication, their integration with physical products is becoming increasingly seamless. Automobiles serve as a prime example in this regard. In recent years, automated vehicle (AV) technologies have emerged as a prominent focal point, witnessing an escalating acceptance in the market and a growing number of self-driving vehicles on the roads, existing roads are primarily designed for traditional human-driven vehicles (HVs). Due to the differences in perception between automated systems and human drivers, it is essential to assess AVs' feasibility to current road infrastructure. This paper analyzes the safety and comfort of automated vehicles equipped with adaptive cruise control systems (ACC-AVs) on longitudinal road profiles from the perspective of vehicle dynamics. Firstly, a co-simulation platform integrating PreScan, CarSim, and Simulink
Li, Zezhou, Cai, Mingmao, Gu, Tianqi, Yu, Bin
Technical Paper
Automatic Detection of Dead-End Roads in High-Resolution Satellite Image2025-01-716502/21/2025
There are dead-end roads in the road network, and many of them have the function of indicating specific target clues, which is of great significance in the fields of military, urban construction, and disaster relief and rescue. However, many of the important cut-offs are in mountainous or wilderness areas, and surveying them is difficult and costly. The research objective of this project is to extract the breakpoints in the road network using high-resolution Google satellite imagery, so as to provide clues and indications for the subsequent relevant work. Firstly, the image is corrected and pre-processed to highlight road edge information.Then the phase grouping method is improved by setting a double-angle threshold, filtering the edge operator to reduce the calculation error of the gradient angle, and the road network is extracted by the improved phase grouping method. And finally screens out the dead-end road points with the eight-neighbourhood method, and marks them on the
Liu, Ruohan, Haoping, Qi, Jingjie, Kang, Yanyan, Wu, Feifei, Li
Technical Paper
Army Completes Satellite as a Managed Service Research ProjectTBMG-5213312/01/2024
Intelsat McLean, VA melissa.longo@intelsat.com
Magazine Article
Acquiring and Telemetering Test Data from Hypersonic PlatformsTBMG-5212012/01/2024
Magazine Article
SIMULATION FOR VEHICLE-TO-VEHICLE AND VEHICLE-TO-GRID RESOURCE SHARING ANALYSIS2024-01-344411/15/2024
ABSTRACT A simulation capable of modeling grid-tied electrical systems, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V) resource sharing was developed within the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Using the steady state admittance matrix approach, the unknown currents and voltages within the network are determined at each time step. This eliminates the need for states associated with the distributed system. Each vehicle has two dynamic states: (1) stored energy and (2) fuel consumed while the generators have only a single fuel consumed state. One of its potential uses is to assess the sensitivity of fuel consumption with respect to the control system parameters used to maintain a vehicle-centric bus voltage under dynamic loading conditions.
Jane, Robert S., Parker, Gordon G., Weaver, Wayne W., Goldsmith, Steven Y.
Technical Paper
Designing an Uncrewed Aircraft Systems Control Model for an Air-to-Ground Collaborative System01-17-02-001402/19/2024
Abstract In autonomous technology, uncrewed aircraft systems have already become the preferred platform for the research and development of flight control systems. Although they are subjected to following and satisfying complicated scenarios of control stations, this high dependency on a specific control framework limits them in their application process and reduces the flight self-organizing network. In this article, we present a developed multilayer control system protocol with the additional supportive manned aircraft layer (Tender). The novelty of the introduced model is that uncrewed aircraft systems are monitored and navigated by the tender, and then based on the suggested scheme, data flows are controlled and transferred across the network by the developed cloud–robotics approach in the ground station layer. Therefore, it has been tried to design a semi-autonomous control network to gather data that combines human observation and the automotive nature of uncrewed aircraft
Millar, Richard C., Laliberté, Jeremy, Mahmoodi, Armin, Hashemi, Leila, Meyer, Robert Walter
Journal Article
Vehicle diagnostics and Vehicle to Infrastructure Communication through Visible Light Communication2024-26-008201/16/2024
High Fidelity Communication has become a necessity in various sectors. Different wireless data transfer methods play a vital role in various far field and near-field communications. Wireless communication for transferring data through radio spectrum has been a continuous evolving trend, especially in Automotive Sector, with fleet monitoring, platooning and even connected vehicles. Some important parameters considered in selecting a wireless platform would be bandwidth, data transfer, speed, and security. Some interesting advantages of communication over the visible spectrum has led to the evolution of Light Fidelity. Implementation of Visible Light Communication (VLC) in the automotive field might enable safer driving conditions through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communication with high data transmission rates and efficient-bandwidth usage. The principle of VLC is based on “line of sight” data transmission through modulation of the light source. Highly
Ali, Rifat, N, Prem, Natarajan, Akshay, Kashi, Anitha
Technical Paper
Cyber Threats and its Mitigation to Intelligent Transportation System2024-26-018401/16/2024
With the revolutionary advancements in modern transportation, offering advanced connectivity, automation, and data-driven decision-making has put the intelligent transportation systems (ITS) to a high risk from being exposed to cyber threats. Development of modern transportation infrastructure, connected vehicle technology and its dependency over the cloud with an aim to enhance safety, efficiency, reliability and sustainability of ITS comes with a lot more opportunities to protect the system from black hats. This abstract explores the landscape of cyber threats targeting Intelligent Transportation Systems, focusing on their potential impacts, vulnerabilities, and mitigation strategies. The cyber-attacks in ITS are not just limited to Unauthorized Access, Malware and Ransomware Attacks, Data Breaches, Denial of Service but also to Physical Infrastructure Attacks. These attacks may result in potentially disrupting critical transportation infrastructure, compromise user safety, and can
Dewangan, Kheelesh Kumar, Panda, Vibek, Ojha, Sunil, Shahapure, Anjali, Jahagirdar, Shweta Rajesh
Technical Paper
Systems Engineering – a key approach to Transportation Electrification2024-26-012801/16/2024
The automotive industry has seen accelerating demand for electrified transportation. While the complexity of conventional ICE vehicles has increased, the powertrain still largely consists of a mechanical system. In contrast, vehicle architectures in electrified transportation are a complex integration of power electronics, batteries, control units, and software. This shift in system architecture impacts the entire organization during new product development, with increased focus on high power electronic components, energy management strategies, and complex algorithm development. Additionally, product development impact extends beyond the vehicle and impacts charging networks, electrical infrastructure, and communication protocols. The complex interaction between systems has a significant impact on vehicle safety, development timeline, scope, and cost. A systems engineering approach, with emphasis on requirements definition and traceability, helps ensure decomposition of top level
Narasipuram, Rajanand Patnaik, Karkhanis, Varad Abhimanyu, Ellinger, Michael, K M, Saranath, Alagarsamy, Guruprasath, Jadhav, Ravindra
Technical Paper
Bluetooth Profile Testing Using Packet Tracing in Automotive Domain2024-26-034901/16/2024
With the advancement of automotive industries, the need for wireless connectivity between vehicle and smartphone is increasing. To meet the demand for wireless connectivity, Bluetooth plays a vital role. Testing Bluetooth systems is challenging and complex when development cycles of the system involve multiple partners. The system under test must fulfil consumers expectation of Bluetooth functionality paired with their personal devices. Despite many advances and existence of a few reliable systems, hardware limitation, and lack of standardization in Bluetooth test system are some of the prolonged issues. Throughout the course, various capabilities and existing traditional Bluetooth testing system practice were researched, which majorly at a system level (Black box). The gap of such testing is the escape of defect which involves the interoperability of multiple profiles like AVRCP, HFP, and A2DP. This paper focuses on reliable testing approach which is based on packet level testing
Selokar, Ashish Kishor, Iqbal, MD, Tavhare, Sarika, Anilkumar, Sandhya
Technical Paper
Automated Charging Methodology for Fleet Operated EV Buses to Reduce Down Time and Increase Safety at Charging Station2024-26-011201/16/2024
Prime concern for electric vehicle where the application of the vehicle is public transport, is the charging of vehicle and operation of its infrastructure. Such an example of operating the EV buses is under the GCC (gross cost contract) model, with high operation time and comparatively lesser time for charging. It is challenging to meet these requirements. To counter this situation in fleet operated busses it is proposed to adapt an automated charging method which involves minimum man power intervention and automated mechanism to connect & disconnect the charging connectors. This paper proposes an automated pantograph mechanism based method of charging EV buses, meeting requirements as per SAE J3105 & ISO 15118 standards, which would be an ideal way to resolve the current situation. In the above mentioned pantograph type charging, the charging station or depot will have an infrastructure including charger whose input will be from grid, and the charging dispenser will be pantographs
gullyal, Avinash, Ahmed, Yasir, Amancharla, Naga Chaithanya, kinjalkar, Milind
Technical Paper
Managing Energy Data: Advanced AnalyticsPD77232812/01/2023
Introduction to Managing Energy Data: The Internet of Things (IoT) revolution (eg. the vast spread of smart meters worldwide) is generating massive amounts of energy data, drastically transforming the sector and current energy systems. This digital transformation gives rise to more intelligent ways of managing energy and brings about opportunities for energy companies to improve their business models and services. This course contains a brief introduction to the topics..
eLearning
J1939-73 Digital Annex DBCJ1939-73DBC10/11/2023
J1939-73 DBC File - Heavy Duty Diagnostics (DM1, DM2, ...) The SAE J1939-73 DBC file contains decoding rules for converting 'version 4' J1939 diagnostic messages (DM1, DM2, ...) to 'physical values'. This lets you identify issues in e.g. trucks, tractors and buses. DBC is a CAN database format used in most automotive tools.
Software
J1939 Digital Annex DBCJ1939DBC10/11/2023
The SAE J1939 DBC file contains decoding rules for converting raw J1939 data to 'physical values' (Mph, %, etc.). This file lets you easily decode data from heavy duty vehicles (trucks, buses, tractors, etc.). This DBC file download includes: An SAE J1939 DBC file with ~1800+ PGNs and 12000+ SPNs The J1939 Digital Annex Excel file (with additional PGNs/SPNs and description details) One legal license (1 user, 1 PC) matching the DA license DECODE J1939: Convert J1939 data in wide range of software/API tools 1800+ PGNs: The extensive DBC contains 1800+ PGNs and 12000+ SPNs REVIEW FIRST: Use our CAN ID converter to check if your PGNs are covered CROWD INPUT: Benefit from free corrections based on large user base SAVE HOURS: Avoid manually constructing the DBC file from scratch What is a DBC file? A DBC file is a standardized method for storing the "rules" on how to interpret raw CAN bus data. In particular, it contains details on what 'signals' (e.g. RPM, Vehicle Speed, …) are contained
Software
This is a course with a really long, verbose title with special characters; testing the ingestion process and display on the website. The limit in Docebo is 255 characters, although I don't believe we have one longer than 200 characters in real life. Wow!ZWB1319.LA02/10/2023
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eLearning
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Michigan: The New Epicenter of Aerospace1338002/09/2023
As the birthplace of the automotive industry and the home of several aviation firsts, Michigan offers unique advantages to the rapidly expanding space economy. To make the most of this opportunity, the Michigan Aerospace Manufacturers Association (MAMA) has convened three public-private partnerships: the Michigan Launch Initiative, Space-Enabled Communications for Advanced Mobility, and the Mid-America Hypersonic Suborbital Test Range. These programs provide a collaborative platform for public-private partners to support satellite launch capabilities, test commercial and national security applications, and expand 5G connectivity, among other opportunities. We sat down with Gavin P. Brown, Executive Director, MAMA, to discuss these exciting initiatives and learn how the organization is positioning Michigan as a leader in all phases of aerospace manufacturing -- from tool and die all the way through final assembly --by leaning on the state's rich automotive and aviation history.
Hineman, Marcie
Podcast
Safety Spacing Control of Truck Platoon Based on Emergency Braking under Different Road Conditions10-07-01-000510/13/2022
Vehicle platooning reduces fuel consumption, improves traffic throughput, and achieves smaller intervehicle spacing which increases the probability of danger during platoon braking. This article presents a sliding mode control based on the safety spacing policy for longitudinal control of a connected truck platoon with a focus on the predecessor following interactions. In particular, the modified safety spacing policy considering the intervehicle braking information communication delay, the sluggish nature of the brake actuator, the road conditions on each vehicle as well as the vehicle motion state is proposed. On this basis, an acceleration sliding mode controller is proposed, which takes into consideration the spacing error and speed error of the intervehicle, and the control error is zero, so as to obtain the expected acceleration of each vehicle in the platoon. Simulation results of truck platooning with six trucks using TurckSim have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed
Zhao, Qian, Zheng, Hongyu, Kaku, Chuyo, Cheng, Feihao, Zong, Changfu
Journal Article
Engine Overheating Prediction with Machine Learning Using Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM)2022-28-000710/05/2022
The Advancement in Connected vehicles Technology in recent years has propelled the use of concepts like the Internet of Things (IoT) and big data in the automotive industry. The progressive electrification of the powertrain has led to the integration of various sensors in the vehicle. The data generated by these sensors are continuously streamed through a telematics device on the vehicle. Data analytics of this data can lead to a variety of applications. Predictive maintenance is one such area where machine learning algorithms are applied to relevant data to predict failure. Field vehicle malfunction or breakdown is costly for manufacturers’ aftermarket services. In the case of commercial vehicles, downtime is the biggest concern for the customer. The use of predictive maintenance techniques can prevent many critical failures by tending to the root cause in the early stages of failure. Engine overheating is one such problem that transpires in diesel engines. Overheating of an engine
Hiwase, Shrikant Deokrishna, JAGTAP, PRAMOD, Krishna, Dinesh
Technical Paper
Design and Development of a Virtual Autonomous System2022-01-507210/03/2022
An autonomous vehicle or a driverless vehicle is a ground vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and moving safely with little to no human input. The present study aims to validate existing literature on vehicle following, emergency braking, lane changing, overtaking, and jerk trajectory with regard to autonomous vehicles. By using the jerk trajectory equation, we are able to optimize it by implementing a complete overtaking procedure. We are also able to compare the variation in both the dynamic and kinematic bicycle model for the same vehicle and traveling the same distance. A new kinematic bicycle model is built, which is more simple to construct. This project is performed using MATLAB and Simulink for creating and modifying the system blocks. There has also been an integration of 3D visualization software such as VR sink and Unreal Engine. We construct the vehicles by simple transfer functions, ACC and PID as the main system blocks for vehicles 1, 2, and 3, respectively
Narain, C.M., Patil, Sharanbassapa S.
Technical Paper
SECURING CAN NETWORKS IN COMMERCIAL VEHICLES22TOFHP10_0210/01/2022
A CAN transceiver with built-in security functions can avoid the complexity of end-to-end security solutions that are especially hard to implement on CVs. Commercial road vehicles are the backbone of the modern consumer economy. Almost any business from construction, to energy, to online retail at some point relies on the delivery of goods by commercial vehicles, which in turn are becoming increasingly connected both to the external world and to each other via telematics. This enables CV owners to optimize and manage their fleets via platooning for safety and efficiency improvements as well as cost and fuel-consumption reduction to meet the increasingly stringent CO2 emissions requirements necessitated by climate change. However, the increased connectivity brings with it an increase in cyberattack surfaces and CV fleets are prime targets for cybercrime due to the high value of the cargo they carry, and their importance to large businesses and the greater economy. While CV manufacturers
Sivaramakrishnan, Karthik
Magazine Article
Ku/Ka Band Satellite (KSAT) SubcommitteeWC-0061909/23/2022
The AEEC KSAT Subcommittee develops Standards that define Ku-band and Ka-band satellite communication (satcom) systems that meet operators’ highperformance requirements. The equipment specified are typically used to provide passenger data, video, and voice communication services.
Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee
Conference
NASA Goddard Space Communications Workshop PreviewTBMG-4641108/18/2022
Since the first satellite launched over six decades ago, spacecraft have relied on radio waves to communicate with Earth. But radio has its limitations. With more and more satellites now in space and entry of commercial players as well as the growing demand for space services, the field of space communications is primed for disruption.
Magazine Article
Internet Protocol Suite (IPS) SubcommitteeWC-0060508/17/2022
The IPS Subcommittee is leading the development of industry standards for the Internet Protocol Suite for aeronautical safety services. This includes airborne, ground-based, and space-based communication systems. This activity coordinates ATN/IPS development activities among international Standards Development Organizations (SDOs) namely ICAO, EUROCAE, and RTCA.
Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee
Conference
Wireless Security in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: A Survey12-06-02-001108/17/2022
Vehicular communications face unique security issues in wireless communications. While new vehicles are equipped with a large set of communication technologies, product life cycles are long and software updates are not widespread. The result is a host of outdated and unpatched technologies being used on the street. This has especially severe security impacts because autonomous vehicles are pushing into the market, which will rely, at least partly, on the integrity of the provided information.We provide an overview of the currently deployed communication systems and their security weaknesses and features to collect and compare widely used security mechanisms. In this survey, we focus on technologies that work in an ad hoc manner. This includes Long-Term Evolution mode 4 (LTE-PC5), Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE), Intelligent Transportation Systems at 5 Gigahertz (ITS-G5), and Bluetooth. First, we detail the underlying protocols and their architectural components. Then
Blazek, Thomas, Ademaj, Fjolla, Marksteiner, Stefan, Priller, Peter, Bernhard, Hans-Peter
Journal Article
Impact of Positioning Uncertainty on Connected and Automated Vehicle Applications12-06-02-001008/05/2022
Many Connected and Automated Vehicle (CAV) applications assume that highly accurate positioning is always available. However, this is not the case in many real-life situations (e.g., when a satellite-based navigation system is used for positioning in urban canyons). Furthermore, very little research has been conducted to evaluate the impacts of position accuracy on CAV applications at the traffic level. The objective of this article is to investigate the positioning errors that could be tolerated by a sample of CAV applications. Toward this end, we (1) perform a general analysis of the positioning requirements of selected safety-, mobility- and environmental-focused applications and (2) examine in greater detail the effect of positioning errors on two representative CAV applications, Eco-Approach and Departure at Signalized Intersections (EAD) and High-Speed Differential Warning (HSDW). The results of (1) indicate that lane-level positioning accuracy is sufficient to enable most CAV
Williams, Nigel, Darian, Parisa Borhani, Wu, Guoyuan, Closas, Pau, Barth, Matthew
Journal Article
A Novel Cloud-Based Additive Manufacturing Technique for Semiconductor Chip Casings05-15-04-002508/02/2022
The demand for contactless, rapid manufacturing has increased over the years, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additive manufacturing (AM), a type of rapid manufacturing, is a computer-based system that precisely manufactures products. It proves to be a faster, cheaper, and more efficient production system when integrated with cloud-based manufacturing (CBM). Similarly, the need for semiconductors has grown exponentially over the last five years. Several companies could not keep up with the increasing demand for many reasons. One of the main reasons is the lack of a workforce due to the COVID-19 protocols. This article proposes a novel technique to manufacture semiconductor chips in a fast-paced manner. An algorithm is integrated with cloud, machine vision, sensors, and email access to monitor with live feedback and correct the manufacturing in case of an anomaly. Several real-time data such as performance graphs, time left, and other current information were sent back to the
Viswanath, Shreya, Siddharth, S., Subramanian, Jeyanthi
Journal Article
Real-Sim Interface: Enabling Multi-resolution Simulation and X-in-the-Loop Development for Connected and Automated Vehicles12-05-04-002606/27/2022
Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) can bring safety, mobility, and energy benefits to transportation systems. Ideally, CAV applications would be fully evaluated and validated prior to real-world implementation. However, many technical challenges in both software and hardware hinder the process. To comprehensively evaluate all aspects of CAV applications, an integrated evaluation environment is needed with various simulation tools from different domains. In the current literature, there lacks a well-developed interface to enable multi-resolution simulation of vehicle, traffic, virtual environment, and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation. In this work, a modular and flexible interface is developed to enable multi-resolution vehicle and traffic co-simulation for CAV applications. This interface is built upon Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s (ORNL’s) Real-Sim approach, can support various simulation tools and real-time X-in-the-loop (XIL) simulations, and is based on network
Shao, Yunli, Deter, Dean, Cook, Adian, Wang, Chieh (Ross), Thompson, Bradley, Perry, Nolan
Journal Article
Toward an Automated Scenario-Based X-in-the-Loop Testing Framework for Connected and Automated Vehicles12-05-04-003006/27/2022
Emerging technologies for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) are rapidly advancing, and there is an incremental adoption of partial automation systems in existing vehicles. Nevertheless, there are still significant barriers before fully or highly automated vehicles can enter mass production and appear on public roads. These are not only associated with the need to ensure their safe and efficient operation but also with cost and delivery time constraints. A key challenge lies in the testing and validation (T&V) requirements of CAVs, which are expected to be significantly higher than those of traditional and partially automated vehicles. Promising methodologies that can be used toward this goal are scenario-based (SBT) and X-in-the-Loop (XiL) testing. At the same time, complex techniques such as co-simulation and mixed-reality simulation could also provide significant benefits. Nevertheless, the benefits of individual solutions are likely to be significantly smaller, if considered
Kyriakopoulos, Ioannis, Jaworski, Pawel, Edwards, Tim
Journal Article
SMART Manufacturing with Augmented Reality2022-26-124005/26/2022
Aircraft Manufacturing procedures are very critical and always required skillful engineer who need to follow different process and procedure during daily work. The challenge is not only to identify right tools and manuals but also to keep track of operator usage data and behavior. With Augmented reality, intelligent tools, and analytics we can provide a new lease of life to first-line assembly engineers. The objective is how AR can help us to reduce rework or scrap with the concept of Industry 4.0 were integrating with cutting edge technologies like machine learning, and the Internet of things to meet the fundamental requirements during manufacturing. Smart Manufacturing consists of four major components Cyber-physical systems, IoT, Cloud computing, and Cognitive computing. Integrating AR with IoT our objective is to achieve Cyber-physical systems connectivity and fill the gap between the smallest physical assets to be connected with digital infrastructure. It can help us to Increase
Sahu, Parimal
Technical Paper
A hybrid sensor-fusion system to locate the Electric gridlines by UAV for range extension in Urban areas2022-26-114905/26/2022
This paper explores the efficacy and efficiency of a system for the effective location of electric gridlines during daytime and night-time by the onboard and offboard transceivers of UAV through vehicle to infrastructure communication. The usage of electric gridlines in urban areas helps to extend the range of the UAVs by charging the onboard battery using an extended arm. The same arm can also be used for direct propulsion of the motors onboard UAV, thereby minimizing the reliance on battery. UAVs with advanced Image processing algorithms are utilized in the inspection of the electric grid lines themselves in the Power industry. The camera based algorithms are not effective during night-time when the gridlines are near invisible. This can be mitigated by evaluating light in other spectral ranges, but this would add to the load of the UAV. We propose a system which combines multiple information sources and helps locate the gridlines for range extension, specifically for the delivery of
Pappala, Lokendra Pavan Kumar, Enagandula, Srujan, Manoharan, Sandeepkumar
Technical Paper
Operating the Navigation Database Server from Ground Station2022-26-125305/26/2022
Abstract The main aim of operating the navigation database server from ground station is to operate a single navigation database server across all aircrafts and navigation database updates can be performed at one place. which will be effective and quick, thus no need to update the navigation database in each flight for every 28 days. Existing System: Currently Collins FMS NDB architecture mainly contains three components, namely Navigation database server, Navigation database client (API) and Navigation database. FMS is responsible for creating Navigation database server, client connections, checking the database paths to ensure they are usable, handling errors and exceptions. Navigation Database contains a set of files and each file contains a set of records related to Airports runways and airways etc., Navigation database client is responsible for creating query messages based on user input and initiating search requests to the navigation database server and also it provides the
kollapudi, Sudheer
Technical Paper
Design for Internet of Things in Aerospace2022-26-125205/26/2022
Internet of Things (IoT) is being adopted in aerospace industry, be it a ground based or airborne systems, the scope of IoT is enormous and advantages are limitless, which are not limited to reduced weight, reduced power consumption and reduced operational cost and time. Some of the use cases are to have an IoT based edge computing nodes (ECN) to transfer digitized data from sensors to the centralized computing system and RFID based baggage and cargo tracking system. This paper focuses on critical design requirements for IoT devices in aircraft, opportunity to harvest energy for the IoT devises from Aircraft thermal dissipation and vibration, cybersecurity threats and encryption solutions, power optimization for extended battery life in the devices, existing technology advancements and DO guidance to deploy IoT solutions in aerospace. This synopsis contains the introduction to the below topics, the final paper will have the details, example design and analysis results. Power
Muthulingam, Venkatesan
Technical Paper
Systematic Intelligent Mechanism of Aircraft Assembly Process Knowledge Management for Aviation Enterprise2022-26-120905/26/2022
Regarding the rapid development of the aircraft assembly process, this paper will illustrate the logical and efficient systematics intelligent assembly process of the aircraft. A thorough review of research papers was carried out to make the researchers able to develop and implement an aircraft complex assembly process and database system on aircraft assembly process based on a knowledge management system (KMS). At the beginning, the aircraft assembly process data is discussed in this paper, such as aircraft product assembly plan, design data, manufacturing process data, and virtual simulation data to implement or develop the systematic mechanism for intelligent aircraft assembly processes. Later, key technology of intelligence assembly production unit of aircraft is discussed such as control technology, real-time monitoring, real-time management, material distribution, application of internet things. Finally, a new innovative systematic mechanism of the intelligent assembly process
Miah, Md Helal
Technical Paper
Blockchain Enabled Sustainability in Industry 4.0 for Aerospace domain2022-26-116205/26/2022
Industry 4.0 is a fusion of the innovative production practices that enable manufacturers to accomplish their business objectives in a lot more agile manner. Investigation has been performed on various Industry 4.0 technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Big data, Internet of Things (IoT), Blockchain and Sustainability and how they could create significant interruptions in recent years. These technologies provide various opportunities in the world of manufacturing and supply chain. Blockchain is a next-generation advancement of information technology for achieving sustainability in businesses and industries. The Impact of block chain is beyond economic parameter, it is transforming social interaction, public relations and affect options for sustainable development. The fundamental expertise of Blockchain is data privacy, transparency, value transfer & process effectiveness and automation, which could be leveraged to handle the efficient adjustments necessary to produce sustainable
Veeramalla, Shashi Kanth, Kumar, Vivek
Technical Paper
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SintzUSER, Jeneane
Pre-Print Article
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Rickard, Christopher, SintzUSER, Jeneane
Pre-Print Article
Wireless Smart Contact Lenses Detect DiseaseTBMG-4554204/01/2022
Having diabetes means a lifelong obligation of insulin shots and monitoring of blood glucose levels. But a team of researchers has developed a way to control the secretion of insulin just by wearing contact lenses.
Magazine Article
A Novel Vehicle-to-Vehicle Fast Charging Control System Utilizing Motor and Inverter in EV2022-01-019403/29/2022
As electric vehicles become more widespread, such vehicles may be subject to “range anxiety” due to the risk of discharging during driving or the discharging when left unused for a long period. Accordingly, a vehicle equipped with a mobile charger that can provide a charge in an emergency. The vehicle with the mobile charger is usually composed of a large capacity battery, a power converter in a small truck. However, the large capacity battery and the power converter are disadvantageous in that they are large in size and expensive and should be produced as a special vehicle. In this paper, we propose a method to solve the problem using an internal EV system without requiring an additional power generation, battery and a charging-and-discharging device. The method is a novel Vehicle-to-Vehicle fast charging control system utilizing motor and inverter in EV.
Choi, Jaehyuk, Song, ByeongSeob, Kim, SungKyu, Kim, Hyunsup, Kim, Talchol, Kim, SeokJoon, Cho, InYoung, Choi, YoungGon
Technical Paper
The Effects of Measurement Uncertainty and Error on Operational Safety Assessment (OSA) Metrics2022-01-098503/29/2022
As the deployment of automated vehicles (AVs) on public roadways expands, there is a growing need to establish metrics that can be used to evaluate vehicle operational safety. The set of Operational Safety Assessment (OSA) metrics previously proposed by the Institute of Automated Mobility (IAM) are a step towards achieving this goal. The safety envelope OSA metrics can be computed using kinematics derived from video data captured by infrastructure-based cameras and thus do not require vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) connectivity, though connectivity could enhance kinematic data accuracy. However, the calculation of some metrics includes certain vehicle-specific parameters that must be assumed or estimated if they are not communicated directly by the vehicle. Uncertainty and errors in kinematic measurements and assumed parameters can affect the accuracy and ultimately the utility of the safety envelope OSA metrics. This paper investigates how uncertainties and errors in measured and
Kidambi, Narayanan, Wishart, Jeffrey, Elli, Maria, Como, Steven
Technical Paper
Functional verification and validation of secure controller area network (CAN) communication2022-01-011803/29/2022
In agriculture industry, increasing use of Vehicle Internet of Things (IoT), telematics and emerging technologies are resulting in smarter machines with connected solutions. Inter and Intra Communication with vehicle to vehicle and inside vehicle - Electronic Control Unit (ECU) to ECU or ECU to sensor, requirement for flow of data increased in-turn resulting in increased need for secure communication. In this paper, we focus on functional verification and validation of secure Controller Area Network (CAN) for intra vehicular communication to establish confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, and freshness of data, supporting safety, advanced automation, protection of sensitive data and IP (Intellectual Property) protection. Network security algorithms and software security processes are the layers supporting to achieve our cause. Test environment setup with secured hardware and simulated models, test scenarios and test data created to achieve our objective. For validation, we relied
Khatik, Gourab, Katragadda, Praveen, Labade, Chetan
Technical Paper
Mobile Safety Application for Pedestrians Utilizing P2V Communication Over Bluetooth2022-01-017603/29/2022
Vulnerable Road User (VRU) safety has been an important issue throughout the years as corresponding fatality numbers in traffic have been increasing each year. With the developments in connected vehicle technology, there are new and easier ways of implementing Vehicle to Everything (V2X) communication which can be utilized to provide safety and early warning benefits for VRUs. Mobile phones are one important point of interest with their sensors being increased in quantity and quality and improved in terms of accuracy. Bluetooth and extended Bluetooth technology in mobile phones has enhanced support to carry larger chunks of information to longer distances. The work we discuss in this paper is related to a mobile application that utilizes the mobile phone sensors and Bluetooth communication to implement Personal Safety Message (PSM) broadcast using the SAE J2735 standard to create a Pedestrian to Vehicle (P2V) based safety warning structure. This implementation allows the drivers to
Gelbal, Sukru Yaren, Cantas, Mustafa Ridvan, Aksun Guvenc, Bilin, Guvenc, Levent, Surnilla, Gopichandra, Zhang, Hao
Technical Paper
Routing and Security Mechanisms Design for Automotive TSN/CAN FD Security Gateway2022-01-012203/29/2022
With the explosion of in-vehicle data, Time Sensitive Network (TSN) is increasingly becoming the backbone of the in-vehicle network to ensure deterministic real-time communication and Quality of Service (QoS). However, legacy buses such as CAN FD and LIN will not disappear for a long time in the future. The gateway can be connected to many different protocols and is an important component in the security and functional safety of the communication process. In this paper, the recommended Electrical/Electronic Architecture is first given and the use cases for the TSN/CAN FD gateway are illustrated. Then, a TSN/CAN FD routing mechanism is designed and security mechanisms are deployed. The routing mechanism includes the protocol conversion module, queue cache module, and forwarding scheduling module. The protocol conversion module maps the priority of CAN FD messages to TSN messages and unpacks or packs the messages according to the routing table. Dynamic space of queue is utilized in the
Luo, Feng, Yang, Zhenyu, Wang, Zitong, Wang, Jiajia
Technical Paper
Key Fob Relay Attack Prevention With Pattern Matching2022-01-013203/29/2022
Key FOB relay attack is new form of cybersecurity attack which was demonstrated by hacker on many vehicles from different manufacturers. In this type of attack the hacker works in pair. 1 hacker will be near the vehicle and other is positioned near the user who has keys. Hacker initiates the communication between key fob and vehicle by catching signals with RF receiver and retransmitting signals through the Signal generator. This way hacker creates a RF bridge between vehicle and key fob. Since both ECU’s are communicating with each other they assume that user is near car. After security handshake car is unlocked and engine can also be started This paper is a new solution which will provide some degree of defense for this attack. This logic is built around the power level of received signal between the vehicle and key fob. Both vehicle ECU and key fob will have capability to evaluate the power level of received RF signal. Vehicle ECU and KeyFob Ecu’s will evaluate the power level of
Kulkarni, Ashwin
Technical Paper
Accelerating In-vehicle Network Intrusion Detection System using Binarized Neural Network2022-01-018603/29/2022
Modern vehicles are utilizing more software modules and interfaces while new risks and attacks are emerging and threatening the security of vehicles. Researchers demonstrate that in-vehicle networks have become a target of vehicle attackers. Controller Area Network (CAN), the de facto standard for in-vehicle networks, has insufficient security features and thus is inherently vulnerable to various attacks. Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) based on advanced deep learning methods, such as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), have been proposed to protect CAN bus from attacks. However, those models generally introduce high latency and require considerable computing resources. To accelerate intrusion detection and also reduce both latency and model size, we propose a new IDS system based on Binarized Neural Network (BNN). As BNN uses binary values for activations and weights rather than full precision values, it usually results in faster computation and
Zhang, Linxi, Yan, Xuke, Ma, Di
Technical Paper
Demonstration of energy consumption reduction in class 8 trucks using eco-driving algorithm based on on-road testing2022-01-015703/29/2022
Vehicle to Everything (V2X) communication has enabled on-board access to the information from other vehicles and infrastructure. This information, traditionally used for safety applications, is increasingly being used for improving fuel economy of the vehicles [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. This work aims at demonstrating energy consumption reduction in heavy/medium duty vehicles using the eco-driving algorithm. The algorithm is enabled by V2X communication and uses data contained in basic safety messages (BSMs) and signal phase and timing (SPaT) to generate an energy-efficient velocity trajectory for the vehicle to follow. A ~25.7 km (16-mi) urban corridor in Bexar County, Texas, was modeled in a microscopic traffic simulation package and calibrated to match real-world conditions. For the trucks using this algorithm, a nominal reduction of 7% in energy consumption and 6% in trip time was observed in simulation. This was validated by on-track testing of a pair of velocity profiles. The track testing
Bhagdikar, Piyush, Gankov, Stanislav, Frazier, Cole, Rengarajan, Sankar, Warden, Rebecca, Brown, Michael, Sarlashkar, Jayant
Technical Paper
Electromagnetic test setup best practices.2022-01-015103/29/2022
Abstract The automotive industry has increased reliance on electronics technology and wireless communication systems and the demand for these systems are still increasing. With this demand there is a need to ensure these systems do not interfere with each other which may cause system performance degradation or even failure. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is a discipline that deals with interaction between electronic and wireless systems. During the EMC testing of an electronic component the environment of the component is represented to isolate the device under test (DUT) to determine the component’s EMC characteristics. Geometric aspects of an EMC test setup may impact test results without the knowledge of the test engineer. In this paper, electromagnetic simulation and measurement results will show the impact of one of the least obvious but most often experienced issues in an EMC setup – grounding. Grounding issues will be illustrated for low frequency magnetic field, radio
Sims, Douglas Andrew, Piper, Scott
Technical Paper
Hoping CAN DB approach for enhanced security2022-01-012603/29/2022
Controller Area Network (CAN) is very popular data transportation mechanism in all modern vehicles. CAN bus by design is not security oriented. It is an open communication with transparent messaging. Messages transmitted on bus can be easily read/decoded/spoofed by intruder This paper explores specific method of in-vehicle network security for CAN. This paper presents new method which is based on principal of changing CAN message ID’s during vehicle run time. This method uses vehicle sensors to change CAN message ID on bus. This paper also describes various possible combinations in which network sensors can be connected to various ECU on system. Also covered are aspects of timelines when these messages are shifted, how all ECUs sync with each other and participates in the encoding process. Paper covers below 3 aspects (A) System design System will be based on N number of different CAN database (DB) each having same messages with different ordering inside. All ECU’s involved in CAN bus
Kulkarni, Ashwin
Technical Paper
Evaluating Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities in V2X Communications 2022-01-013003/29/2022
Over the years there has been an enormous interest in V2X communications that enable an array of benefits such as road safety, traffic efficiency and to pave the way for fully automated driving through its non-line of sight sensing. Hence, there is a need for these V2X communications to be secured and reliable by ensuring that the cybersecurity properties like Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA) are not compromised. This paper evaluates the potential cybersecurity use-cases developed, focusing on vulnerabilities like black hole attack, sybil attack and timing attack in V2X communications. The proposed cybersecurity vulnerabilities were tested and evaluated on FEV’s Smart Vehicle Demonstrator. Furthermore, the best practice countermeasure methods to avoid and overcome the risks identified based on the results were also discussed.
Nagavelli, Sai Krishnanand, Yedida, Siddhartha, Alzu'bi, Hamzeh, Tasky, Tom
Technical Paper
Robustness Testing of a Watermarking CAN Transceiver2022-01-011503/29/2022
To help address the issue of message authentication on the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus, researchers at Virginia Tech and Ford Motor Company have developed a proof-of-concept time-evolving watermark-based authentication mechanism that offers robust, cryptographically controlled confirmation of a CAN message's authenticity. This watermark is injected as a common-mode signal on both CAN-HI and CAN-LO bus voltages and has been proven using a low-cost software-defined radio (SDR) testbed. This paper extends prior analysis on the design and proof-of-concept to consider robustness testing over the range of voltages, both steady state drifts and transients, as are commonly witnessed within a vehicle. Overall performance results, along with a dynamic watermark amplitude control, validate the concept as being a practical near-term approach at helping improve authentication confidence of messages on the CAN bus.
Michaels, Alan J., Fletcher, Michael, Henshaw, Chris, Palukuru, Venkata Sai Srikar, Moore, John
Technical Paper
Green Light Optimized Speed Advisory with Traffic Preview2022-01-017403/29/2022
By utilizing the vehicle to infrastructure communication, the conventional Green Light Optimized Speed Advisory (GLOSA) applications give speed advisory range for drivers to travel to pass at the green light. However, these systems do not consider the traffic between the ego vehicle and the traffic light location, resulting in inaccurate speed advisories. Therefore, the driver needs to intuitively adjust the vehicle's speed to pass at the green light and avoid traffic in these scenarios. Furthermore, inaccurate speed advisories may result in unnecessary acceleration and deceleration, resulting in poor fuel efficiency and comfort. To address these shortcomings of conventional GLOSA, in this study, we proposed the utilization of collaborative perception messages shared by smart infrastructures to create an enhanced speed advisory for the connected vehicle drivers and automated vehicles. Two different algorithms were designed by utilizing the available traffic preview (Signal Phase and
Cantas, Mustafa Ridvan, Surnilla, Gopichandra
Technical Paper
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