Browse Topic: Telecommunications systems

Items (73)

Wireless Security in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: A Survey

12-06-02-001108/17/2022

Vehicular communications face unique security issues in wireless communications. While new vehicles are equipped with a large set of communication technologies, product life cycles are long and software updates are not widespread. The result is a host of outdated and unpatched technologies being used on the street. This has especially severe security impacts because autonomous vehicles are pushing into the market, which will rely, at least partly, on the integrity of the provided information.We provide an overview of the currently deployed communication systems and their security weaknesses and features to collect and compare widely used security mechanisms. In this survey, we focus on technologies that work in an ad hoc manner. This includes Long-Term Evolution mode 4 (LTE-PC5), Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE), Intelligent Transportation Systems at 5 Gigahertz (ITS-G5), and Bluetooth. First, we detail the underlying protocols and their architectural components. Then

Blazek, Thomas, Ademaj, Fjolla, Marksteiner, Stefan, Priller, Peter, Bernhard, Hans-Peter

Facing 5G New Radio (NR) Test Challenges

TBMG-3986909/01/2021

It has been nearly five years since the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) released ITU-R M.2083-0, with a roadmap to release IMT-2020 to address the anticipated future of 5G performance that would greatly eclipse that of IMT-Advanced and then-planned 4G technology.

INTERNET PROTOCOL SUITE (IPS) FOR AERONAUTICAL SAFETY SERVICES PART 1 AIRBORNE IPS SYSTEM TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

ARINC858P1 (Current)06/21/2021

ARINC 858 Part 1 defines the airborne data communication network infrastructure for aviation safety services using the Internet Protocol Suite (IPS). ARINC 858 builds upon ICAO Doc 9896, Manual on the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network (ATN) using Internet Protocol Suite (IPS) Standards and Protocol. IPS will extend the useful life of data comm services presently used by operators, e.g., VDL, Inmarsat SBB, Iridium NEXT, and others. It represents the evolutionary path from ACARS and ATN/OSI to the end state: ATN/IPS. ARINC 858 includes advanced capabilities such as aviation security and mobility. This product was developed in coordination with ICAO WG-I, RTCA SC-223, and EUROCAE WG-108.

Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee

Human Engineering Recommendations for Data Link Systems

ARP4791B-TEST-REC (Historical)11/03/2020

This document sets forth general, functional, procedural, and design criteria and recommendations concerning human engineering of data link systems. The recommendations are based on limited evidence from empirical and analytic studies of simulated data link communication, and on experience from operational tests and actual use of data link. However, because data are not yet available to support recommendations on all potentially critical human engineering issues these recommendations necessarily go beyond the data link research and include requirements based on related research and human factors engineering practice. It is also recognized that evolution of these recommendations will be appropriate as experience with data link accumulates and new applications are implemented. This document focuses primarily on recommendations for data link communications between an air traffic specialist and a pilot, i.e., air traffic services communications, although some recommendations address use of

G-10 Executive Advisory Group

Human Engineering Recommendations for Data Link Systems

ARP4791B (Current)

11/03/2020

This document sets forth general, functional, procedural, and design criteria and recommendations concerning human engineering of data link systems. The recommendations are based on limited evidence from empirical and analytic studies of simulated data link communication, and on experience from operational tests and actual use of data link. However, because data are not yet available to support recommendations on all potentially critical human engineering issues these recommendations necessarily go beyond the data link research and include requirements based on related research and human factors engineering practice. It is also recognized that evolution of these recommendations will be appropriate as experience with data link accumulates and new applications are implemented. This document focuses primarily on recommendations for data link communications between an air traffic specialist and a pilot, i.e., air traffic services communications, although some recommendations address use of

G-10 Executive Advisory Group

Remotely Piloted Air Systems

TBMG-3788210/01/2020

General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, Inc. San Diego, CA 858-762-6700

Location Referencing Message Specification (LRMS)

J2266_201906 (Current)06/11/2019

The Location Referencing Message Specification (LRMS) standardizes location referencing for ITS applications that require the communication of spatial data references between databases. ITS databases may reside in central sites, vehicles, or devices on or off roads or other transportation links. The LRMS is applicable to both homogeneous (same database) and mixed database environments that may be implemented on wireless or landline networks. While developed for ITS applications, the LRMS may be used for non-ITS applications as well within the field of geographic information processing.

V2X Core Technical Committee

Understanding the “Black Art” of RF and Microwave Switching

TBMG-3412604/01/2019

Understanding RF, especially microwave switching, can be a challenge. In many cases, test systems have been compromised because a test engineer did not consider all the components of their test system: instruments, switching, cabling, Mass Interconnect (test fixture interface), fixture design, and so on. Each component has its own set of characteristics. With RF and microwave components, effects including insertion loss, VSWR, bandwidth, and so on all need to be considered as well.

Understanding the “Black Art” of RF and Microwave Switching

19AERP04_0604/01/2019

Understanding RF, especially microwave switching, can be a challenge. In many cases, test systems have been compromised because a test engineer did not consider all the components of their test system: instruments, switching, cabling, Mass Interconnect (test fixture interface), fixture design, and so on. Each component has its own set of characteristics. With RF and microwave components, effects including insertion loss, VSWR, bandwidth, and so on all need to be considered as well. Higher bandwidth is a constant demand. The most obvious current example is the emergence of 5G systems that will be hitting the market in the near future, but there are many defense systems - often with their own protocols - that are now operating at RF and high-frequency bandwidths. In short, the need to employ repeatable, accurate RF and microwave switching systems is only going to increase, and while this may appear to be a “sexy” subject, without a proper appreciation of the challenges involved, test

Text Tech: Navy Vessels Use Shipboard Signal Lamps for Text Messaging

TBMG-3389303/01/2019

Sponsored by the Office of Naval Research's (ONR) TechSolutions program, the Flashing Light to Text Converter (FLTC) features a camera that can be mounted atop a signal lamp to receive Morse code bursts from another lamp within view. A hand-held device or laptop computer is connected to this camera to display text messages sent and received.

AOC AIR-GROUND DATA AND MESSAGE EXCHANGE FORMAT

ARINC633-3 (Current)01/02/2019

The purpose of ARNC 633 is to specify the format and exchange of Aeronautical Operational Control (AOC) communications. Examples of ARINC 633 AOC Structures/Messages include: Flight Plan, Load Planning (i.e., Weight and Balance and Cargo Planning Load Sheets), NOTAMs, Airport and Route Weather data, Minimum Equipment Lists (MEL) messages, etc. The standardization of AOC messages enable the development of applications shared by numerous airlines on different aircraft types. Benefits include improved dispatchability and reduce operator cost.

Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee

Transmitted Enhanced Loran (eLoran) Signal Standard for Tri-State Pulse Position Modulation

SAE9990/1 (Current)09/17/2018

This eLoran transmitted signal standard provides technical descriptions of a data channel based on the tri-state pulse position modulation technique. The eLoran transmitted signal standard, to which this data channel technique applies, is part of the SAE9990 family of standards covering data channels, receiver specifications, and recommended practices for eLoran.

PNT Position, Navigation, and Timing

Transmitted Enhanced Loran (eLoran) Signal Standard for 9th Pulse Modulation

SAE9990/2 (Current)09/17/2018

This eLoran transmitted signal standard provides technical descriptions of the data channel using ninth pulse modulation techniques. The eLoran transmitted signal standard, to which this data channel technique applies, is part of the SAE9990 family of standards covering data channels, receiver specifications, and recommended practices for eLoran.

PNT Position, Navigation, and Timing

Transmitted Enhanced Loran (eLoran) Signal Standard

SAE9990 (Current)09/13/2018

This transmitted eLoran signal standard provides technical descriptions of the waveform, specifications, and explanations. The data channel, receiver specification, and recommended practices are described in the SAE9990 family of standards.

PNT Position, Navigation, and Timing

Material Brings Optical Communication onto Silicon Chips

TBMG-3249808/01/2018

An increase in computing performance has been achieved by squeezing ever more transistors into a tighter space on microchips. This downsizing has also meant packing the wiring within microprocessors ever more tightly together, leading to effects such as signal leakage between components, which can slow down communication between different parts of the chip. This delay, known as the “interconnect bottleneck,” is becoming an increasing problem in high-speed computing systems.

CDIF Integrated Meta-model - State/Event Model Subject Area

EIAIS116 (Current)06/16/2016

The CDIF Family of Standards is primarily designed to be used as a description of a mechanism for transferring information between CASE tools. It facilitates a successful transfer when the authors of the importing and exporting tools have nothing in common except an agreement to conform to CDIF. The language that is defined for the Transfer Format also has applicability as a general language for Import/Export from repositories. The CDIF Integrated Meta-model defined for CASE also has applicability as the basis of standard definitions for use in repositories. The standards that form the complete family of CDIF Standards are documented in EIA/IS-106 CDIF - CASE Data Interchange Format - Overview. These standards cover the overall framework, the transfer format and the CDIF Integrated Meta-model. The diagram in Figure 1 depicts the various standards that comprise the CDIF Family of Standards. The shaded box depicts this standard and its position in the CDIF Family of Standards.

Systems Management Council

American National Standard Code for Information Interchange for Numerical Machine Control

EIA358C (Current)05/31/2016

This Standard describes the use of ANSI X3.4 for numerically controlled machines, attached communication equipment, and associated perforated tape preparation equipment.

Systems Management Council

An Overview of Data Transmission Used in UAVs for Remote Sensing Surveillance and Environmental Management Systems

2015-36-054309/22/2015

The increasing development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technologies has allowed greater use of UAVs as remote sensing platforms to enhance satellite and manned aerial vehicle remote sensing surveillance and environmental management systems. Particularly, the Brazilian National Institute for Space Research - INPE has an Environmental Data Collection System (SCD) since 1993. Recently, the MCTI (Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation) opened the National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters (CEMADEN). Both may need additional resources for their expansions in the near future as offered by UAV technologies. These needs illustrate the potential of UAV technologies as complement to existing or future systems. This paper presents an overview of data transmission used in UAVs for remote sensing surveillance and environmental management systems. This includes post-disaster assessment, environmental management and monitoring of infrastructure development with

da Silva Araujo, Rodolfo Antonio, Rodrigues, José Antonio, de Oliveira e Souza, Marcelo Lopes

Air-Ground Communications System Aims to Make Flying Safer

06/01/2015

Reliance on old-fashioned radio contact by pilots and vulnerable tracking systems is still high, but satellites are set to change sky safety, thanks to international collaboration. The European Space Agency’s Iris program is looking to satellites to make aviation safer through modern communications. Worldwide digital data links via satellite, offering much higher capacity, will become the standard for cockpit crews, with voice communications kept as backup.

The Strain Gauge Gets an Upgrade

TBMG-2213005/01/2015

The strain gauge, a device commonly used in the aerospace industry to detect stress and deformation, has its limitations. The three copper wires of the strain gauge often lead to labor-intensive efforts; a large, complicated structure requiring 100 strain measurements, for example, means 300 lead wires. As the implementation becomes more complex, the wire bundle itself gets bigger and heavier. Strain gauges are also susceptible to electronic magnetic interference, and the sensors must be spaced out at distant intervals.

Integrated automotive gateway can enable connected cars

14AUTD12_0312/02/2014

One of the biggest challenges connected cars pose is the integration of information and consumer electronics into the car and ensuring connectivity among them. Connected-car technology has become a key differentiator for car makers and their Tier 1 suppliers. One of the biggest challenges connected cars pose is the integration of information and consumer electronics into the car and ensuring connectivity among them. Connected-car applications such as telematics, driver assistance, and infotainment require seamless connectivity to and from the vehicle. Modern cars are built with embedded computers called ECUs (electronic control units) that are further connected to sensors for data acquisition. The in-vehicle network is further divided into sub-networks such as CAN (controller area network), MOST (media-oriented safety transport), and FlexRay. The choice of the bus network depends on the communication requirements of the connected ECUs and the baseline vehicle platform out of which a

Telematics and Potential in Indian Market

2014-01-025104/01/2014

This paper presents an overview of the telematics domain, with specific focus on the Indian Market. Telematics service areas broadly includes V2X (vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure) and safety communications, fleet management and monitoring, vehicle security, diagnostics, emergency and roadside assistance, automatic crash notification, service appointment scheduling, toll collection, vehicle insurance. Navigation, infotainment and in-car communications are also closely related areas. An emerging trend is that V2X telematics may be delivered using smartphones and networks such as 4G. The primary reason is cost advantage in utilizing smartphones as the platform to bring services to vehicles. Smartphone based applications and web portals can be used to enable remote access features. In fact, if Federal Communications Commission (FCC) decides to eventually share the 5.9 GHz DSRC band, telematics may in fact rely much more on standard telecommunications infrastructure. Thus

Sreekumar, Aswin, Meena, Anuradha, Shahabudeen, Shiraz

The Evolution of AdvancedTCA: From telecommunications to military, aerospace and security

TBMG-1702808/01/2013

The Advanced Telecom Computing Architecture (AdvancedTCA® or ATCA®) is a series of open standard computing platform specifications originally ratified in 2002 to meet the needs of carrier grade communications equipment, primarily for core network telecommunications applications. In the 11 years since ATCA products first appeared on the market, there have been numerous advances in the governing standard, the products available, and the products and applications that are driving its adoption and growth.

Researchers Demonstrate New Way to Control Light in Semiconductor Nanocrystals

TBMG-1693407/01/2013

As demand for computing and communication capacity surges, the global communication infrastructure struggles to keep pace. The problem is that light signals transmitted through fiber-optic lines must still be processed electronically, creating a bottleneck in telecommunications networks.

General Dynamics to Supply Next-Generation Deep Space Network Antennas

TBMG-941303/01/2011

Beam waveguide antennas General Dynamics SATCOM Technologies Newton, NC 828-464-4141

AIRCRAFT DATA NETWORK PART 8 INTEROPERATION WITH NON-IP PROTOCOLS AND SERVICES

ARINC664P8-1 (Current)11/12/2010

This Specification was written to support future aeronautical applications and services beyond those using Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). The initial focus is to support air/ground applications using the Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (ATN). These include Controller-Pilot Data Link Communication (CPDLC), Flight Information System (FIS), and Context Management Application (CMA). Supplement 1 was written to allow interoperation with non-IP protocols and services and upper layer services with respect to the OSI reference model. Supplement 1 reflects ICAO Aeronautical Communication Panel recommendations.

Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee

Tunable Bandpass Filters

TBMG-1038207/01/2010

The ubiquitous techniques of fluorescence and Raman imaging and spectroscopy rely heavily on spectrally precise, high-quality and high-throughput optical filter technologies. As both fluorescence and Raman-based techniques move from traditional R&D-based environments into medical and clinical (diagnostic) settings, even higher demands are placed on system performance. Therefore, it is necessary to continue to improve system components and architectures to meet the demanding challenges often encountered in biological applications.

High Altitude Platforms for Telecommunications: Design Methodology

2009-01-315911/10/2009

High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) represents an appealing solution to deliver low cost broadband access to telecommunication (TLC) networks. However, this potential can be disclosed only if a proper technology is identified in the design of airships and aircrafts. This paper first presents the innovative services which can be provided by a fleet of HAPs in the field of information and communication technology (ICT), and then a novel approach to a modular the design of HAPs is presented. In particular, this study consists of a theoretical investigation and energetic design of an HAP derived from a new class of stratospheric airship for the production of energy at high quote. In practice the energy is harvested by photovoltaic panels and stored in hydrogen fuel cells. We denote this new technology with the acronym P.S.I.C.H.E. (Photovoltaic Space Island for Conversion of Hydrogen as Energy vector). In this paper authors consider the problems connected to the dimensional scalability of the

Dumas, A., Pancaldi, F., Anzillotti, F., Trancossi, M.

Microwave Power Combiner/Switch Utilizing a Faraday Rotator

TBMG-334211/01/2008

A proposed device for combining or switching electromagnetic beams would have three ports, would not contain any moving parts, and would be switchable among three operating states:

HUMAN ENGINEERING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DATA LINK SYSTEMS

ARP4791A (Historical)02/16/2008

This document sets forth general, functional, procedural, and design criteria and recommendations concerning human engineering of data link systems. The recommendations are based on limited evidence from empirical and analytic studies of simulated data link communication, and on experience from operational tests and actual use of data link. However, because data are not yet available to support recommendations on all potentially critical human engineering issues these recommendations necessarily go beyond the data link research and include requirements based on related research and human factors engineering practice. It is also recognized that evolution of these recommendations will be appropriate as experience with data link accumulates and new applications are implemented. This document focuses primarily on recommendations for data link communications between an air traffic specialist and a pilot, i.e., air traffic services communications, although some recommendations address use of

G-10 Executive Advisory Group

Fiber Optic Communications Systems

TBMG-1116602/01/2008

Communications and, more recently telecommunications, are needs deeply engrained in human history. These needs have significantly evolved over time enabling today’s content-rich (text, music, images and video, etc), real-time and multi-location exchanges through electrical, optical or, more broadly, electromagnetic signals conveyed by different media. Among the more versatile is optical fiber.

ARP4102/13A (Current)07/11/2007

This document recommends criteria for a system designed to manage and communicate information via data link to support flight operations.

S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft

Software-Defined Radio Software Aids Development of Space Telecommunications

TBMG-121302/01/2007

NASA’s John Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, OH, has chosen the Green Hills Platform for Software Defined Radio (SDR) — with Spectrum Signal’s flexComm™ SDR- 4000 communications platform — for the rapid design, development, and refinement of its next-generation Space Telecommunications System Architecture. The Green Hills SDR Platform includes the INTEGRITY® RTOS, a POSIX.1- conformant real-time operating system certified by the IEEE to the POSIX 1003.1 standard; a dual-mode IPv4 networking stack support; and waveform design and development tools.

Science Instruments to Examine Pluto and Its Moon

TBMG-58501/01/2006

Science instruments Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, TX 210-684-5111

Analyzing Spacecraft Telecommunication Systems

TBMG-71808/01/2004

Multi-Mission Telecom Analysis Tool (MMTAT) is a C-language computer program for analyzing proposed spacecraft telecommunication systems. MMTAT utilizes parameterized input and computational models that can be run on standard desktop computers to perform fast and accurate analyses of telecommunication links. MMTAT is easy to use and can easily be integrated with other software applications and run as part of almost any computational simulation. It is distributed as either a stand-alone application program with a graphical user interface or a linkable library with a well-defined set of application programming interface (API) calls. As a stand-alone program, MMTAT provides both textual and graphical output. The graphs make it possible to understand, quickly and easily, how telecommunication performance varies with variations in input parameters. A delimited text file that can be read by any spreadsheet program is generated at the end of each run. The API in the linkable-library form of

MS-DOS™ Interface for SAE J1708 Communications

J1683_200406 (Current)06/01/2004

The communication driver described in this SAE Recommended Practice resides on the PC between the SAE J1708 hardware and the individual application programs developed by each supplier. From the perspective of the application program, the SAE J1708 hardware is totally transparent. This means diagnostic programs can operate on any PC using any SAE J1708 adapter hardware. The diagnosic (application) program sees no different from one hardware base to the next. All hardware-specific tasks are handled by this document. This allows for complete portability of software programs. It also guarantees complete functionality from one hardware platform to the next. The standard presented applies to computer systems that use the MS-DOS operating system. Design standards that contain the same functionality may be defined in the future for other operating systems.

Truck and Bus Low Speed Communication Network Committee

ATN Airborne Implementation

2002-01-295811/05/2002

Hamel, Christophe, Judd, Tom, Nguyen, Ketan, Rowe, Bryan, Wohlers, Kevin

The Mobile Wireless Ether - Finding Its Way Into the Automobile

2002-21-004610/21/2002

The application and usage of various wide-area (long range) to personal-area (short range) wireless technologies and associated services in automobiles has arrived. It is essential for implementers to understand the parameters and capabilities of these technologies, many of which utilize and depend upon remote data/information transport services across one or more physical and logical entities within an automobile. This dependence, coupled with unique and typically diverse operational characteristics and requirements of the various wireless technologies, presents significant integration challenges to the automotive OEM and systems/components providers. Investigating and providing insight into managing this complexity for currently and soon to be deployed wireless technologies is addressed in this paper.

DeVries, Paul, Chrysochoos, Michael, Kumthekar, Shraddha

European Perspective on Telematics: Facing New Challenges and Opportunities

2002-21-007510/21/2002

The telematics industry in Europe continues to be shaped and defined by the availability and advancement of numerous technologies, combined with the move toward compatible, open architectures and communications protocols. New issues relative to the human machine interface play an increasing role in forging new telematics products requiring the proper mix of safety and ease of use for cockpit controls. A revolution is now underway in the European telematics market that promises to achieve effective telematics cockpit controls that take into account the special requirements of driving a vehicle. The manner in which telematics information is presented to the driver is as critical to the successful implementation and deployment of telematics products as the telematics services themselves. Also enabling this revolution and shaping the European telematics service provider business model will be the ongoing movement of vehicle data processing to powerful off-board servers that expand the menu

PCI Bridge to Instruments and Telecommunication Systems

TBMG-307603/01/2002

A report describes a prototype system interface assembly (SIA) that performs the functions of a compact, radiation-hard application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to be built subsequently. The SIA ASIC would be installed in a spacecraft, where it would function as a peripheralcomponent interface (PCI) with (a) four scientific instruments that generate highspeed serial data streams and (b) either of two spacecraft telecommunication systems — the Small Deep Space Transponder (SDST) or the Space Transponding Modem (STM). Once configured, the serial uplink and downlink channels would conform to the SDST serial interface protocol or the STM modified serial peripheral interface protocol. In the SDST configuration, the downlink could be further configured for Reed-Solomon coding, for turbo coding, for bypass mode, and/or to enable a pseudo-randomizer. The SIA ASIC would operate in conjunction with a bus controller/remote terminal/monitor ASIC (United Technologies BCRTM or equivalent) to

HF DATA LINK SYSTEM

ARINC753-3 (Current)02/16/2001

The characteristics of a High Frequency Data Link (HFDL) communications system are defined by this standard. It defines avionic system components and the associated HF ground system. ARINC 634 and ARINC 635 are companion standards.

Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee

AERONAUTICAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK (ATN) IMPLEMENTATION PROVISIONS, PART 1, PROTOCOLS AND SERVICES

ARINC637P1-1 (Current)06/20/2000

This standard provides general and specific design guidance for the development and installation of the ATN protocols and services needed to route and relay bit-oriented air-ground data link messages in an aviation environment. It applies principles defined in the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model.

Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee

The development of in-vehicle unit of advanced vehicle information and communication system

2000-05-037006/12/2000

This paper presents an in-vehicle information system, AVICS in development. With AVICS, the driver could get the various information on traffic, news, weather, restaurants, and so on, which the AVICS information center provides via mobile telecommunication network. The driver requests the information to operator in center by voice with hands-free system or by handling the menu offered in the form of web-page. The in-vehicle unit for AVICS is designed to interface with wireless network with a built-in RF MODEM, to control NAVI system, and to display the information on the LCD monitor of AV system. The Internet browser is customized to parse specific HTML tags, application software is realized on 32-bit RISC processor. In this paper, we will overview the concept of AVICS and focus on development of in-vehicle unit of AVICS.

Park, Chan Seok, Kim, Hyung Gon, Shim, Kab Jong, Lee, Sung Bum

Program for Analysis of Spacecraft Telecommunication Systems

TBMG-680704/01/2000

A computer program facilitates the analysis and design of a radio-communication system for transmitting data from an orbiting spacecraft to ground stations. Input data provided by the user include primarily (1) parameters of the spacecraft orbit (including parameters that specify its position and orientation with respect to a coordinate system that translates with, but does not rotate with, the Earth); (2) either a specification of the gain pattern or else parameters needed to calculate the gain pattern of the antenna aboard the spacecraft; (3) type of spacecraft antenna aiming (nadir-pointed or articulated); (4) locations of the ground stations; (5) downlink bit rates and frequencies; (6) spacecraft instrument data rates; and (7) the angle (relative to the horizon) below which the line of sight from the spacecraft to each ground station is deemed to be blocked. The program calculates the spacecraft trajectory, the times when the spacecraft is visible from each ground station, the

A Vision for Telemedicine Aboard the International Space Station

1999-01-201407/12/1999

The practice of space medicine is fraught by several unique challenges, including limitations in spacecraft resources and limited medical training opportunities. The great distance separating the astronauts from their doctors on Earth further confounds managing their health. NASA uses computer and telecommunication technology to bridge this distance and practice telemedicine. Since the beginning of the U.S. space program, NASA flight surgeons have relied on two-way radio communication and limited biomedical telemetry to remotely assist the crew in managing crew health matters. More recently, the capability for bi-directional video transmission was added, to enable the crew to speak virtually face-to-face with their doctors. However, for the International Space Station (ISS), additional capabilities must be provided. This paper presents a vision for delivering telemedicine in the ISS era.

Simmons, Scott C., Melton,, Shannon L., Johannesen,, John C., Kraus, Douglas P., Hamilton, Douglas R.

Trends in Truck Instrumentation in North America

98283611/16/1998

Primary driving instrumentation for light, medium and heavy-duty trucks has experienced significant changes over the last 10 years. Changes to truck instrumentation continue at staggering speeds as new technologies are applied. Truck electronics has typically been a follower of the automotive industry in the areas of electronic modules, electronic engines, data link systems and other features. Part of the reason is that the market consisting of the fleet owners, individual owner-operators, maintenance personnel and other truck operators were not ready to accept automotive industry technology. Today, the total electronic content in trucks is increasing in value every year. This paper explores the trends in truck primary driving instrumentation from the 1980's looking forward over the next 5 years.

Lachmann, Leonard P.

Information Explosion and Vehicle Diagnosis: a Vision of the Hierarchical Organization

98C06010/19/1998

The growing development and use of on-board electronic devices in motor vehicles have increased the need for advanced diagnosis. In parallel, information channels are now at disposal for communication between the car and the outside world for comfort and safety applications. This paper aims in a first step at presenting the emerging needs in electronic car remote diagnosis, and a state of the art in the various telecommunication technologies; in a second section, it aims at studying possible applications of telediagnostics, as it takes advantage of both new on-board electronic architectures and communication structures to implement advanced diagnostic functions. Three applications are discussed in detail, with respect to the need for advanced diagnosis functions as well as the relevant associated communication structures. Consequences on the on-board electronic architecture and implementation costs will also be considered.

Dillies, Marie-Agnès, Ruthmann, Anne

Precision Actuator Positions Laser Grating

TBMG-3208402/01/1998

The tunable external cavity diode laser is an important new tool used to evaluate and test the latest fiber-optic components and building blocks of modern telecommunications systems. A key factor enabling operation of this type of laser is the ability to angle-tune the wavelength-dependent key component (a diffraction grating) in the cavity with extreme precision and repeatability. When Hewlett Packard wanted to develop a laser with enhanced wavelength performance, their design required a linear actuator with 100-nm resolution over a travel range of several millimeters. This brief tells how a custom microstepper system was developed to meet the needs of this demanding application.

The Tower of Babel:Language and Meaning in System Engineering

97321711/17/1997

Engineering complex systems is challenged by problems of language, increasingly as systems become more complex. Prominent are (1) integration of subsystems using communication networks, and (2) integration of work of engineers, product planners, suppliers, and customers. Both “hard engineering” and “soft process” cases encounter some of the same language problems in different settings. This paper briefly notes aspects of the structure of language and meaning and how they relate to these system engineering contexts. A practical, model-based technique, the Protocol Information Model (PIM), is described, to integrate both “hard” engineered systems and “soft” work processes which use “shared communication channels”.

Schindel, William D.

ARINC REPORT 634 HF DATA LINK SYSTEM DESIGN GUIDANCE MATERIAL

ARINC634 (Current)08/30/1996

This Report provides the reader with material to enhance the understanding of high frequency data link. This standard provides a snapshot of guidance material used in the development of ARINC 753, HF Data Link System, and ARINC 635, HF Data Link Protocols.

Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee

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