Browse Topic: Telecommunications systems

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Human Engineering Recommendations for Data Link SystemsARP4791B (Current)11/3/2020
This document sets forth general, functional, procedural, and design criteria and recommendations concerning human engineering of data link systems. The recommendations are based on limited evidence from empirical and analytic studies of simulated data link communication, and on experience from operational tests and actual use of data link. However, because data are not yet available to support recommendations on all potentially critical human engineering issues these recommendations necessarily go beyond the data link research and include requirements based on related research and human factors engineering practice. It is also recognized that evolution of these recommendations will be appropriate as experience with data link accumulates and new applications are implemented. This document focuses primarily on recommendations for data link communications between an air traffic specialist and a pilot, i.e., air traffic services communications, although some recommendations address use of data link for flight information services. Unless otherwise specified within the text, all recommendations apply to both flight deck and ground-based data link systems. This document is intended as a guide for development and evaluation of data link systems. Human engineering considerations are an important element of data link system performance. As illustrated in Figure 1, human engineering recommendations address many component functions required for effective data link communication services in the operational environment. For presentation purposes, the recommendations are divided into five sections: General, functional, procedures, flight deck/air traffic service (ATS) workstation integration, and human-computer interface. To facilitate understanding and use of this document appropriate cross-references to interrelated recommendations appear in parentheses throughout the text.
G-10 Executive Advisory Group
Location Referencing Message Specification (LRMS)J2266_201906 (Current)6/11/2019
The Location Referencing Message Specification (LRMS) standardizes location referencing for ITS applications that require the communication of spatial data references between databases. ITS databases may reside in central sites, vehicles, or devices on or off roads or other transportation links. The LRMS is applicable to both homogeneous (same database) and mixed database environments that may be implemented on wireless or landline networks. While developed for ITS applications, the LRMS may be used for non-ITS applications as well within the field of geographic information processing.
V2X Core Technical Committee
Understanding the “Black Art” of RF and Microwave Switching19AERP04_064/1/2019
Understanding RF, especially microwave switching, can be a challenge. In many cases, test systems have been compromised because a test engineer did not consider all the components of their test system: instruments, switching, cabling, Mass Interconnect (test fixture interface), fixture design, and so on. Each component has its own set of characteristics. With RF and microwave components, effects including insertion loss, VSWR, bandwidth, and so on all need to be considered as well. Higher bandwidth is a constant demand. The most obvious current example is the emergence of 5G systems that will be hitting the market in the near future, but there are many defense systems - often with their own protocols - that are now operating at RF and high-frequency bandwidths. In short, the need to employ repeatable, accurate RF and microwave switching systems is only going to increase, and while this may appear to be a “sexy” subject, without a proper appreciation of the challenges involved, test systems designers could find themselves facing a lengthy process involving a great many iterations while inconsistencies and failures are ironed out.
Understanding the “Black Art” of RF and Microwave SwitchingTBMG-341264/1/2019
Understanding RF, especially microwave switching, can be a challenge. In many cases, test systems have been compromised because a test engineer did not consider all the components of their test system: instruments, switching, cabling, Mass Interconnect (test fixture interface), fixture design, and so on. Each component has its own set of characteristics. With RF and microwave components, effects including insertion loss, VSWR, bandwidth, and so on all need to be considered as well.
Text Tech: Navy Vessels Use Shipboard Signal Lamps for Text MessagingTBMG-338933/1/2019
Sponsored by the Office of Naval Research's (ONR) TechSolutions program, the Flashing Light to Text Converter (FLTC) features a camera that can be mounted atop a signal lamp to receive Morse code bursts from another lamp within view. A hand-held device or laptop computer is connected to this camera to display text messages sent and received.
AOC AIR-GROUND DATA AND MESSAGE EXCHANGE FORMATARINC633-3 (Current)1/2/2019
The purpose of ARNC 633 is to specify the format and exchange of Aeronautical Operational Control (AOC) communications. Examples of ARINC 633 AOC Structures/Messages include: Flight Plan, Load Planning (i.e., Weight and Balance and Cargo Planning Load Sheets), NOTAMs, Airport and Route Weather data, Minimum Equipment Lists (MEL) messages, etc. The standardization of AOC messages enable the development of applications shared by numerous airlines on different aircraft types. Benefits include improved dispatchability and reduce operator cost.
Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee
Transmitted Enhanced Loran (eLoran) Signal Standard for 9th Pulse ModulationSAE9990/2 (Current)9/17/2018
This eLoran transmitted signal standard provides technical descriptions of the data channel using ninth pulse modulation techniques. The eLoran transmitted signal standard, to which this data channel technique applies, is part of the SAE9990 family of standards covering data channels, receiver specifications, and recommended practices for eLoran.
PNT Position, Navigation, and Timing
Transmitted Enhanced Loran (eLoran) Signal Standard for Tri-State Pulse Position ModulationSAE9990/1 (Current)9/17/2018
This eLoran transmitted signal standard provides technical descriptions of a data channel based on the tri-state pulse position modulation technique. The eLoran transmitted signal standard, to which this data channel technique applies, is part of the SAE9990 family of standards covering data channels, receiver specifications, and recommended practices for eLoran.
PNT Position, Navigation, and Timing
Transmitted Enhanced Loran (eLoran) Signal StandardSAE9990 (Current)9/13/2018
This transmitted eLoran signal standard provides technical descriptions of the waveform, specifications, and explanations. The data channel, receiver specification, and recommended practices are described in the SAE9990 family of standards.
PNT Position, Navigation, and Timing
Material Brings Optical Communication onto Silicon ChipsTBMG-324988/1/2018
An increase in computing performance has been achieved by squeezing ever more transistors into a tighter space on microchips. This downsizing has also meant packing the wiring within microprocessors ever more tightly together, leading to effects such as signal leakage between components, which can slow down communication between different parts of the chip. This delay, known as the “interconnect bottleneck,” is becoming an increasing problem in high-speed computing systems.
Macroscopic Traffic States Estimation Based on Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Connected Vehicle Data2017-01-20139/23/2017
The rapid development of connected vehicle technology provides a promising platform for traffic monitoring and traffic data collection. In the connected vehicle environment, the vehicles equipped with wireless communication devices can transmit vehicle safety messages to other connected vehicles and the Roadside Unit (RSU). The trajectory information in the safety message may provide potential usage for macroscopic traffic states estimation in the urban street network. Over the last few years, the applications of a macroscopic traffic states model, the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) has attracted increased attention. However, the detection of MFD remains a challenging task. This paper explores a potential method of measuring the macroscopic traffic states in terms of MFD based on Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) connected vehicle data. The methodology of generating MFDs is conducted and the potential characteristics of the macroscopic traffic states are explored. A simulation testbed based on real-world Sioux Falls network is established in VISSM. The wireless data transmissions between connected vehicles and RSUs are simulated by the Discrete Event Network Simulator (NS-3 Simulation). The simulation results illustrate the feasibility of monitoring macroscopic traffic states with the proposed method. The macroscopic traffic states under different radio signal loss models are compared, and the results indicate a significant influence of the wireless characteristics of radio propagation model on the observed traffic states. However, the observed MFD still retain key characteristics such as hysteresis loop direction, traffic breakdown and congestion recovery time.
Xu, Zhe
CDIF Integrated Meta-model - State/Event Model Subject AreaEIAIS116 (Current)6/16/2016
The CDIF Family of Standards is primarily designed to be used as a description of a mechanism for transferring information between CASE tools. It facilitates a successful transfer when the authors of the importing and exporting tools have nothing in common except an agreement to conform to CDIF. The language that is defined for the Transfer Format also has applicability as a general language for Import/Export from repositories. The CDIF Integrated Meta-model defined for CASE also has applicability as the basis of standard definitions for use in repositories. The standards that form the complete family of CDIF Standards are documented in EIA/IS-106 CDIF - CASE Data Interchange Format - Overview. These standards cover the overall framework, the transfer format and the CDIF Integrated Meta-model. The diagram in Figure 1 depicts the various standards that comprise the CDIF Family of Standards. The shaded box depicts this standard and its position in the CDIF Family of Standards.
Systems Management Council
American National Standard Code for Information Interchange for Numerical Machine ControlEIA358C (Current)5/31/2016
This Standard describes the use of ANSI X3.4 for numerically controlled machines, attached communication equipment, and associated perforated tape preparation equipment.
Systems Management Council
An Overview of Data Transmission Used in UAVs for Remote Sensing Surveillance and Environmental Management Systems2015-36-05439/22/2015
The increasing development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technologies has allowed greater use of UAVs as remote sensing platforms to enhance satellite and manned aerial vehicle remote sensing surveillance and environmental management systems. Particularly, the Brazilian National Institute for Space Research - INPE has an Environmental Data Collection System (SCD) since 1993. Recently, the MCTI (Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation) opened the National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters (CEMADEN). Both may need additional resources for their expansions in the near future as offered by UAV technologies. These needs illustrate the potential of UAV technologies as complement to existing or future systems. This paper presents an overview of data transmission used in UAVs for remote sensing surveillance and environmental management systems. This includes post-disaster assessment, environmental management and monitoring of infrastructure development with emphasis on imagery data communication system between the users and the aerial vehicle - link via satellite, available mobile communication networks and direct line of sight. Modulation types and allocated frequency bands for these applications are presented. These allows an image data signal captured by the surveillance camera be either displayed on the terminals in real time, or stored on ground for future off-line analysis. So, this overview aims to contribute to the expansion of current and future remote sensing surveillance and environmental management systems in Brazil using UAV technologies.
da Silva Araujo, Rodolfo Antonio, Rodrigues, José Antonio, de Oliveira e Souza, Marcelo Lopes
Improvements of the PLANET System for Real-Time Satellite Data Transmission During the HAIC-HIWC Darwin Field Campaign2015-01-21476/15/2015
The PLANET System was used for real-time satellite data transmission during the HAIC-HIWC Darwin field campaign (January to March 2014). The basic system was initially providing aircraft tracking, chat, weather text messages (METAR, TAF, etc.), and aeronautical information (NOTAMs) in a standalone application. In the framework of the HAIC project, many improvements were made in order to fulfill requirements of the onboard and ground science teams for the field campaign. The aim of this paper is to present the main improvements of the system that were implemented for the Darwin field campaign. New features of the system are related to the hardware component, the communication protocol, weather and tracking display, geomarkers on the map, and image processing and compression before onboard transfer.
Turner, Sandra, Gaubert, Jean-Marc, Gallois, Remy, Dacla, Thibault, Mullie, Ingrid, Bourdon, Aurelien, Dezitter, Fabien, Grandin, Alice, Protat, Alain, Potts, Rodney, Schwarzenboeck, Alfons, Strapp, J. Walter
Air-Ground Communications System Aims to Make Flying SaferTBMG-222986/1/2015
Reliance on old-fashioned radio contact by pilots and vulnerable tracking systems is still high, but satellites are set to change sky safety, thanks to international collaboration. The European Space Agency’s Iris program is looking to satellites to make aviation safer through modern communications. Worldwide digital data links via satellite, offering much higher capacity, will become the standard for cockpit crews, with voice communications kept as backup.
The Strain Gauge Gets an UpgradeTBMG-221305/1/2015
The strain gauge, a device commonly used in the aerospace industry to detect stress and deformation, has its limitations. The three copper wires of the strain gauge often lead to labor-intensive efforts; a large, complicated structure requiring 100 strain measurements, for example, means 300 lead wires. As the implementation becomes more complex, the wire bundle itself gets bigger and heavier. Strain gauges are also susceptible to electronic magnetic interference, and the sensors must be spaced out at distant intervals.
Integrated automotive gateway can enable connected cars14AUTD12_0312/2/2014
One of the biggest challenges connected cars pose is the integration of information and consumer electronics into the car and ensuring connectivity among them. Connected-car technology has become a key differentiator for car makers and their Tier 1 suppliers. One of the biggest challenges connected cars pose is the integration of information and consumer electronics into the car and ensuring connectivity among them. Connected-car applications such as telematics, driver assistance, and infotainment require seamless connectivity to and from the vehicle. Modern cars are built with embedded computers called ECUs (electronic control units) that are further connected to sensors for data acquisition. The in-vehicle network is further divided into sub-networks such as CAN (controller area network), MOST (media-oriented safety transport), and FlexRay. The choice of the bus network depends on the communication requirements of the connected ECUs and the baseline vehicle platform out of which a new vehicle line is derived.
State of the Art Technologies in Automotive HMI2014-01-02584/1/2014
Human Machine Interface technologies in automotive systems are taking a giant leap forward with integrated multi-modal, multi-touch and multi-zone systems. This evolution enables the HMI system to provide state-of-the-art graphics effects, speech assistance, touch and gesture enabled interfaces, augmented reality, web and mobile integration alongside other advanced concepts, providing excellent user experience, least driver distraction and ease of use. Modern premium car manufacturers are introducing such user experience in their in-vehicle infotainment (IVI) systems to make their IVI on par with the trend setting mobile smart phone user experience. Apart from the technologies involved in multimodal behaviour, the HMI system includes frameworks, standards and sub systems that enable appreciable amount of autonomy while interfacing with the underlying IVI sub system layers. This paper discusses the technologies, practices and implementations in the current and upcoming industry trends. We present some of our own work on HMI architecture and customizable HMI Design Tool Framework. We hope this would help the IVI community, especially in Tier 1 and Tier 2, to identify technologies where they may focus and position in the infotainment HMI technology arena.
G, Vasantharaj
Telematics and Potential in Indian Market2014-01-02514/1/2014
This paper presents an overview of the telematics domain, with specific focus on the Indian Market. Telematics service areas broadly includes V2X (vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure) and safety communications, fleet management and monitoring, vehicle security, diagnostics, emergency and roadside assistance, automatic crash notification, service appointment scheduling, toll collection, vehicle insurance. Navigation, infotainment and in-car communications are also closely related areas. An emerging trend is that V2X telematics may be delivered using smartphones and networks such as 4G. The primary reason is cost advantage in utilizing smartphones as the platform to bring services to vehicles. Smartphone based applications and web portals can be used to enable remote access features. In fact, if Federal Communications Commission (FCC) decides to eventually share the 5.9 GHz DSRC band, telematics may in fact rely much more on standard telecommunications infrastructure. Thus, a good strategy in the near future may be to reduce reliance on DSRC equipment in vehicles and use smartphones and standard 4G and other telecommunication infrastructure to provide useful telematics services, especially for emerging markets such as India. For India, where road and vehicle safety are major issues and opportunities for customized value added services abound, a detailed analysis of the trends in telematics is required. In terms of telematics services, India is significantly behind other BRICS countries such as China and Brazil. This paper presents some insights into technologies and services that are likely to take off in India in the near future. A user survey has been conducted to gauge the market preferences for Telematics services in India.
Sreekumar, Aswin, Meena, Anuradha, Shahabudeen, Shiraz
Kalman Filter Based Estimation Algorithm to Improve the Accuracy of Automobile GPS Navigation Solution2014-01-02684/1/2014
The demand for location based services in automobile industry promoting applications in the area of telematics, vehicle to vehicle and infrastructure communications is encouraging research in the field of accurate navigation solutions. According to the ABI research, position data is the prime enabler for above mentioned applications and the in-car navigation market growth is predicted to grow at 25.9% over the next five years. Consequently position, velocity and heading form the prime input state vector for the target applications. Global Positioning System is one of the accurate off-board sensors for navigation solution. Nevertheless, the cost and complexity of these systems are posing the biggest challenge to the automobile research engineers. Least squares estimation is one of the proven methods used for computing positioning solution under static conditions. However, its accuracy is considered to be poor in dynamic cases. This work focuses on achieving accuracy within few meters for navigation solution using kinematic based position estimation algorithm. Real-time GPS raw data acquired by tracing a trajectory is further analyzed in a post-mission processing approach. Two positioning estimation algorithms are developed and tested for accuracy and precision. User trajectory obtained using recursive least squares resulted in poor accuracy and bias of about 10m-15m. Subsequently, Kalman filter algorithm was developed to improve the overall accuracy of the kinematic system. The user trajectory for Kalman filter based algorithm was found to be smoother resulting in accuracy within 5m with rare occasional outliers during GPS outages.
Srinivasaiah, Bhavani, Tiwari, Rajesh, Dhinagar, Samraj
The Evolution of AdvancedTCA: From telecommunications to military, aerospace and securityTBMG-170288/1/2013
The Advanced Telecom Computing Architecture (AdvancedTCA® or ATCA®) is a series of open standard computing platform specifications originally ratified in 2002 to meet the needs of carrier grade communications equipment, primarily for core network telecommunications applications. In the 11 years since ATCA products first appeared on the market, there have been numerous advances in the governing standard, the products available, and the products and applications that are driving its adoption and growth.
Researchers Demonstrate New Way to Control Light in Semiconductor NanocrystalsTBMG-169347/1/2013
As demand for computing and communication capacity surges, the global communication infrastructure struggles to keep pace. The problem is that light signals transmitted through fiber-optic lines must still be processed electronically, creating a bottleneck in telecommunications networks.
Low-Cost Telemetry System for Small/Micro SatellitesTBMG-146639/1/2012
A Software Defined Radio (SDR) concept uses a minimum amount of analog/radio frequency components to up/downconvert the RF signal to/from a digital format. Once in the digital domain, all other processing (filtering, modulation, demodulation, etc.) is done in software. The project will leverage existing designs and enhance capabilities in the commercial sector to provide a path to a radiation-hardened SDR transponder. The SDR transponder would incorporate baseline technologies dealing with improved Forward Error Correcting (FEC) codes to be deployed to all Near Earth Network (NEN) ground stations. By incorporating this FEC, at least a tenfold increase in data throughput can be achieved.
General Dynamics to Supply Next-Generation Deep Space Network AntennasTBMG-94133/1/2011
Beam waveguide antennas General Dynamics SATCOM Technologies Newton, NC 828-464-4141
AIRCRAFT DATA NETWORK PART 8 INTEROPERATION WITH NON-IP PROTOCOLS AND SERVICESARINC664P8-1 (Current)11/12/2010
This Specification was written to support future aeronautical applications and services beyond those using Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). The initial focus is to support air/ground applications using the Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (ATN). These include Controller-Pilot Data Link Communication (CPDLC), Flight Information System (FIS), and Context Management Application (CMA). Supplement 1 was written to allow interoperation with non-IP protocols and services and upper layer services with respect to the OSI reference model. Supplement 1 reflects ICAO Aeronautical Communication Panel recommendations.
Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee
Tunable Bandpass FiltersTBMG-103827/1/2010
The ubiquitous techniques of fluorescence and Raman imaging and spectroscopy rely heavily on spectrally precise, high-quality and high-throughput optical filter technologies. As both fluorescence and Raman-based techniques move from traditional R&D-based environments into medical and clinical (diagnostic) settings, even higher demands are placed on system performance. Therefore, it is necessary to continue to improve system components and architectures to meet the demanding challenges often encountered in biological applications.
Demystifying Optical Ethernet NetworksTBMG-71462/1/2010
The TDM-to-packet network transformation has been underway in transport/ telecommunications networks for some years now, fueled primarily by two trends: (a) the advent of triple-play (voice, video, data) for enterprise and residential customers and, lately, the explosion in video and mobile data services, and (b) the evolution in both packet- and transport-network equipment.
High Altitude Platforms for Telecommunications: Design Methodology2009-01-315911/10/2009
High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) represents an appealing solution to deliver low cost broadband access to telecommunication (TLC) networks. However, this potential can be disclosed only if a proper technology is identified in the design of airships and aircrafts. This paper first presents the innovative services which can be provided by a fleet of HAPs in the field of information and communication technology (ICT), and then a novel approach to a modular the design of HAPs is presented. In particular, this study consists of a theoretical investigation and energetic design of an HAP derived from a new class of stratospheric airship for the production of energy at high quote. In practice the energy is harvested by photovoltaic panels and stored in hydrogen fuel cells. We denote this new technology with the acronym P.S.I.C.H.E. (Photovoltaic Space Island for Conversion of Hydrogen as Energy vector). In this paper authors consider the problems connected to the dimensional scalability of the system in order to verify the possibility of producing a reduced version of P.S.I.C.H.E. for telecommunication services only. This platform for telecommunication can operate over northern Italy (about 45° latitude north) at altitudes between 15-16 Km. Operative altitude and volume of lifting gas can vary as a function of winds in any other location all over the world. By these considerations authors are going to propose a novel iterative design methodology to dimension an airship characterized by a shape with a vertical rotation axis.
Dumas, A., Pancaldi, F., Anzillotti, F., Trancossi, M.
Intelligent Routing and Notification System for Emergency Services Vehicles2009-01-14774/20/2009
An innovative program is described to improve emergency vehicle deployment by automatically alerting all other nearby vehicles on the road as to the presence and intention of the emergency vehicle. Since the use of audible sirens has somewhat marked effectiveness nowadays, in selecting the most practical automated method to notify most drivers a review is given of the various data-links that are available today, including plans for new standards. The research presented concludes that use of today’s newer vehicle data-links is currently ineffective due to the fragmentation and, in many cases, low adoption rates, including satellite radio, HD and conventional radio, automatic cruise control radar, and vehicle telematics. None of the newer digital data-links in use today are each capable of reaching more than a few percent of all users on the road, so a notification system that relies on breaking through or working on these channels will have very limited effectiveness, practical implementation issues aside. The new IEEE vehicle data-link standards offer the potential, but, based on the research presented, any reasonable amount of adoption is 15 years or more into the future. Therefore, the system under development and deployment described in this paper focuses on the ubiquitous cellular telephone and techniques are described to relay an emergency vehicle’s siren through these devices to help clear the road ahead for emergency services vehicles.
Smith, Alexander E.
Microwave Power Combiner/Switch Utilizing a Faraday RotatorTBMG-334211/1/2008
A proposed device for combining or switching electromagnetic beams would have three ports, would not contain any moving parts, and would be switchable among three operating states:
Emergency Vehicle Wireless Routing and Notification System2008-36-007910/7/2008
An innovative program is described to improve emergency vehicle deployment by automatically alerting all other nearby vehicles on the road as to the presence and intention of the emergency vehicle. Since the use of audible sirens has somewhat marked effectiveness nowadays, in selecting the most practical automated method to notify most drivers a review is given of the various data-links that are available today, including plans for new standards. The research presented concludes that use of today’s newer vehicle data-links is currently ineffective due to the fragmentation and, in many cases, low adoption rates, including satellite radio, HD and conventional radio, automatic cruise control radar, and vehicle telematics. None of the newer digital data-links in use today are each capable of reaching more than a few percent of all users on the road, so a notification system that relies on breaking through or working on these channels will have very limited effectiveness, practical implementation issues aside. The new IEEE vehicle data-link standards offer the potential, but, based on the research presented, any reasonable amount of adoption is 15 years or more into the future. Therefore, the system under development and deployment described in this paper focuses on the ubiquitous cellular telephone and techniques are described to relay an emergency vehicle’s siren through these devices to help clear the road ahead for emergency services vehicles.
Smith, Alexander E.
HUMAN ENGINEERING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DATA LINK SYSTEMSARP4791A (Historical)2/16/2008
This document sets forth general, functional, procedural, and design criteria and recommendations concerning human engineering of data link systems. The recommendations are based on limited evidence from empirical and analytic studies of simulated data link communication, and on experience from operational tests and actual use of data link. However, because data are not yet available to support recommendations on all potentially critical human engineering issues these recommendations necessarily go beyond the data link research and include requirements based on related research and human factors engineering practice. It is also recognized that evolution of these recommendations will be appropriate as experience with data link accumulates and new applications are implemented. This document focuses primarily on recommendations for data link communications between an air traffic specialist and a pilot, i.e., air traffic services communications, although some recommendations address use of data link for flight information services. Unless otherwise specified within the text, all recommendations apply to both flight deck and ground-based data link systems. This document is intended as a guide for development and evaluation of data link systems. Human engineering considerations are an important element of data link system performance. As illustrated in Figure 1, human engineering recommendations address many component functions required for effective data link communication services in the operational environment. For presentation purposes, the recommendations are divided into five sections: General, functional, procedures, flight deck/air traffic service (ATS) workstation integration, and human-computer interface. To facilitate understanding and use of this document appropriate cross-references to interrelated recommendations appear in parentheses throughout the text.
G-10 Executive Advisory Group
Fiber Optic Communications SystemsTBMG-111662/1/2008
Communications and, more recently telecommunications, are needs deeply engrained in human history. These needs have significantly evolved over time enabling today’s content-rich (text, music, images and video, etc), real-time and multi-location exchanges through electrical, optical or, more broadly, electromagnetic signals conveyed by different media. Among the more versatile is optical fiber.
Industry Activities Related to Aircraft Information Security2007-01-39199/17/2007
Commercial transport aircraft have adopted TCP/IP based onboard networking technology to integrate information interchange. This change along with the addition of a TCP/IP based air-ground data link will permit the aircraft network to establish links with ground networks and be integrated into the airline enterprise network. There are many challenging considerations when connecting a remote network to an enterprise network. These challenges are multiplied when that remote network is constantly in motion, both physically and in terms of its link to the ground network. An important consideration in any enterprise network is the element of security. AEEC has published ARINC Report 811: Commercial Aircraft Information Security Concepts of Operation and Process Framework [1] as a guide for the airlines as they consider how to deal with this new challenge.
Oishi, Roy T., Olive, Michael, Arentz, Steve
Wireless Integrated Cockpit Information Display: Military Cockpit Applications2007-01-39059/17/2007
The Wireless Integrated Cockpit Information Display (WICID) program developed a method for pilots to remotely control and display carry-on laptop based applications from the aircraft cockpit. Because flight safety concerns do not allow the pilot/copilot to use the standard keyboard and mouse devices during flight, the WICID program developed a multifunction display (MFD) that uses customized input devices such as bezel keys and a touch screen. The subsequent design of the WICID system became especially valuable in enhancing certain technologies critical to the military cockpit. This paper will address how the WICID system topology is uniquely suited to improve cockpit access to four main technology categories: Enhanced Situation Awareness (SA), Mission Planning/On-board Replanning, Enhanced Communication, and Navigation Aids. It will also show how the design of the WICID system supports other capabilities such as machine-to-machine data transfer, task automation, customized application interfaces, and the consolidated control and display of many system applications from a single interface device.
Sielski, Christopher, Eggert, Ryan, Williams, Derryl
DATA LINKARP4102/13A (Current)7/11/2007
This document recommends criteria for a system designed to manage and communicate information via data link to support flight operations.
S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft
COMMUNICATIONS AND NAVIGATION EQUIPMENTARP4102/6 (Current)7/10/2007
This document recommends criteria for the control and display of communications and navigation equipment on the flight deck. The equipment includes: a Communications: Ultra High Frequency (UHF), Very High Frequency (VHF), and High Frequency (HF) Radios, Cabin/Service Interphones, Public Address (PA), Select Call (SELCAL), Call Select (CALSEL), Satellite Communications (SATCOM). b Navigation: Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range (VOR), Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN), Automatic Direction Finder (ADF), Distance Measuring Equipment (DME), Instrument Landing System (ILS), Markers (MKR), Omega, Very Low Frequency (VLF), Inertial Navigation Systems (INS), Inertial Reference Systems (IRS), Satellite Navigation (SATNAV), Low Range Radio Altimeter (LRRA). c Weather Radar d Data Link: Company, Air Traffic Control (ATC) Transponders (Mode-S) and others.
S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft
DCOV Approach to Probability of Missed Message on High Speed CAN in Automotive Applications2007-01-09914/16/2007
The Controller Area Network (CAN) is a serial communications protocol which efficiently supports distributed re-altime control with a high level of reliability. Its domain of application ranges from high speed networks to low cost multiplex wiring [1]. In automotive electronics, control units and sensors are connected using CAN with bitrates up to 1 Mbps. Application in such a harsh environment with widely varying power supplies along with increasing complexity of the control code push CAN reliability to the limit. There are two message processing engines: interrupt and polling. Interrupts are the preferred method due to the lower message latency on the receiving node, however, polling is often easier to implement. In this paper, the communication reliability is being investigated using the DCOV process by deriving the transfer function for probability of missing a message as a function of variability of the message timing. The transfer function has been derived by Monte Carlo simulation of two module one-way communication was carried out using MAT-LAB. This concept was then expanded by deriving the probability transfer function in order to investigate the reliability impact of system complexity with an increased number of CAN messages. The results help to gain understanding of how system wide communication network reliability depends on module variability (hardware and software), which is essential for understanding limitations of the robustness of the overall automotive system. It should be emphasized that this approach is meant to provide rapid high level insight of what can be expected on the system level and it is not envisioned to be a high accuracy simulation tool. Also, data integrity and error recovery procedures are beyond the scope of this paper.
Milačić, Miloš
Software-Defined Radio Software Aids Development of Space TelecommunicationsTBMG-12132/1/2007
NASA’s John Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, OH, has chosen the Green Hills Platform for Software Defined Radio (SDR) — with Spectrum Signal’s flexComm™ SDR- 4000 communications platform — for the rapid design, development, and refinement of its next-generation Space Telecommunications System Architecture. The Green Hills SDR Platform includes the INTEGRITY® RTOS, a POSIX.1- conformant real-time operating system certified by the IEEE to the POSIX 1003.1 standard; a dual-mode IPv4 networking stack support; and waveform design and development tools.
Science Instruments to Examine Pluto and Its MoonTBMG-5851/1/2006
Science instruments Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, TX 210-684-5111
Analyzing Spacecraft Telecommunication SystemsTBMG-7188/1/2004
Multi-Mission Telecom Analysis Tool (MMTAT) is a C-language computer program for analyzing proposed spacecraft telecommunication systems. MMTAT utilizes parameterized input and computational models that can be run on standard desktop computers to perform fast and accurate analyses of telecommunication links. MMTAT is easy to use and can easily be integrated with other software applications and run as part of almost any computational simulation. It is distributed as either a stand-alone application program with a graphical user interface or a linkable library with a well-defined set of application programming interface (API) calls. As a stand-alone program, MMTAT provides both textual and graphical output. The graphs make it possible to understand, quickly and easily, how telecommunication performance varies with variations in input parameters. A delimited text file that can be read by any spreadsheet program is generated at the end of each run. The API in the linkable-library form of MMTAT enables the user to control simulation software and to change parameters during a simulation run. Results can be retrieved either at the end of a run or by use of a function call at any time step.
MS-DOS™ Interface for SAE J1708 CommunicationsJ1683_200406 (Current)6/1/2004
The communication driver described in this SAE Recommended Practice resides on the PC between the SAE J1708 hardware and the individual application programs developed by each supplier. From the perspective of the application program, the SAE J1708 hardware is totally transparent. This means diagnostic programs can operate on any PC using any SAE J1708 adapter hardware. The diagnosic (application) program sees no different from one hardware base to the next. All hardware-specific tasks are handled by this document. This allows for complete portability of software programs. It also guarantees complete functionality from one hardware platform to the next. The standard presented applies to computer systems that use the MS-DOS operating system. Design standards that contain the same functionality may be defined in the future for other operating systems.
Truck and Bus Low Speed Communication Network Committee
ATN Airborne Implementation2002-01-295811/5/2002
Hamel, Christophe, Judd, Tom, Nguyen, Ketan, Rowe, Bryan, Wohlers, Kevin
The Mobile Wireless Ether - Finding Its Way Into the Automobile2002-21-004610/21/2002
The application and usage of various wide-area (long range) to personal-area (short range) wireless technologies and associated services in automobiles has arrived. It is essential for implementers to understand the parameters and capabilities of these technologies, many of which utilize and depend upon remote data/information transport services across one or more physical and logical entities within an automobile. This dependence, coupled with unique and typically diverse operational characteristics and requirements of the various wireless technologies, presents significant integration challenges to the automotive OEM and systems/components providers. Investigating and providing insight into managing this complexity for currently and soon to be deployed wireless technologies is addressed in this paper.
DeVries, Paul, Chrysochoos, Michael, Kumthekar, Shraddha
European Perspective on Telematics: Facing New Challenges and Opportunities2002-21-007510/21/2002
The telematics industry in Europe continues to be shaped and defined by the availability and advancement of numerous technologies, combined with the move toward compatible, open architectures and communications protocols. New issues relative to the human machine interface play an increasing role in forging new telematics products requiring the proper mix of safety and ease of use for cockpit controls. A revolution is now underway in the European telematics market that promises to achieve effective telematics cockpit controls that take into account the special requirements of driving a vehicle. The manner in which telematics information is presented to the driver is as critical to the successful implementation and deployment of telematics products as the telematics services themselves. Also enabling this revolution and shaping the European telematics service provider business model will be the ongoing movement of vehicle data processing to powerful off-board servers that expand the menu of services available to the telematics subscriber.
Maisel, Walter
PCI Bridge to Instruments and Telecommunication SystemsTBMG-30763/1/2002
A report describes a prototype system interface assembly (SIA) that performs the functions of a compact, radiation-hard application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to be built subsequently. The SIA ASIC would be installed in a spacecraft, where it would function as a peripheralcomponent interface (PCI) with (a) four scientific instruments that generate highspeed serial data streams and (b) either of two spacecraft telecommunication systems — the Small Deep Space Transponder (SDST) or the Space Transponding Modem (STM). Once configured, the serial uplink and downlink channels would conform to the SDST serial interface protocol or the STM modified serial peripheral interface protocol. In the SDST configuration, the downlink could be further configured for Reed-Solomon coding, for turbo coding, for bypass mode, and/or to enable a pseudo-randomizer. The SIA ASIC would operate in conjunction with a bus controller/remote terminal/monitor ASIC (United Technologies BCRTM or equivalent) to provide the control and status interfaces to the telecommunication systems and/or other systems that conform to MIL-STD-1553 devices. The ASIC would control, and would serve as an interface to, memory circuitry configurable by the user as external first-in/first-out buffers for each of the telecommunication and instrument interfaces.
HF DATA LINK SYSTEMARINC753-3 (Current)2/16/2001
The characteristics of a High Frequency Data Link (HFDL) communications system are defined by this standard. It defines avionic system components and the associated HF ground system. ARINC 634 and ARINC 635 are companion standards.
Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee
AERONAUTICAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK (ATN) IMPLEMENTATION PROVISIONS, PART 1, PROTOCOLS AND SERVICESARINC637P1-1 (Current)6/20/2000
This standard provides general and specific design guidance for the development and installation of the ATN protocols and services needed to route and relay bit-oriented air-ground data link messages in an aviation environment. It applies principles defined in the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model.
Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee
The development of in-vehicle unit of advanced vehicle information and communication system2000-05-03706/12/2000
This paper presents an in-vehicle information system, AVICS in development. With AVICS, the driver could get the various information on traffic, news, weather, restaurants, and so on, which the AVICS information center provides via mobile telecommunication network. The driver requests the information to operator in center by voice with hands-free system or by handling the menu offered in the form of web-page. The in-vehicle unit for AVICS is designed to interface with wireless network with a built-in RF MODEM, to control NAVI system, and to display the information on the LCD monitor of AV system. The Internet browser is customized to parse specific HTML tags, application software is realized on 32-bit RISC processor. In this paper, we will overview the concept of AVICS and focus on development of in-vehicle unit of AVICS.
Park, Chan Seok, Kim, Hyung Gon, Shim, Kab Jong, Lee, Sung Bum
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