Browse Topic: Communication systems

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Vehicle Twin Connectivity and Computing2026-26-0419To be published on 01/16/2026
The evolution of future mobility is predicated on the seamless integration of interconnectivity and high-performance computational frameworks to support advanced functionalities such as Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and autonomous driving. These capabilities necessitate next-generation Electronic Control Units (ECUs) that exhibit both high processing throughput and robust data management capabilities. However, vehicle-embedded computation is constrained by the limitations of on-board perception systems—namely, camera, radar, and LiDAR sensors—which are inherently dependent on line-of-sight (LoS) conditions. These constraints limit environmental awareness and introduce risks in edge-case scenarios, particularly where the probability of false positives in decision-making must be minimized due to real-time safety-critical implications. To address these challenges, we propose a paradigm shift towards cloud-integrated digital twin architectures. Each vehicle would be mirrored by
Rathi, Gopal
Integrating V2V and V2I Communications for Enhanced Traffic Safety and Efficiency in Connected Vehicular Networks2026-26-0271To be published on 01/16/2026
This paper presents a new approach to improve road safety and traffic flow by combining vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. Our study focuses on a system that connects vehicles with each other and with traffic signals to share real-time data about speed, position, and road conditions. Using both analytical models and experimental simulations built in MATLAB/Simulink, we developed a system that predicts and advises the optimal speed for vehicles approaching an intersection. In our design, a Green Light Optimized Speed Advisory (GLOSA) feature suggests an ideal speed for drivers so that they can pass through green lights without unnecessary stopping. This not only improves traffic flow but also reduces fuel consumption and lowers the risk of accidents. We validated our system through a series of simulations and real-time traffic scenarios. The results show that our approach can adapt dynamically to changes in vehicle behavior and traffic density
PINTO, COLIN AUBREY, Shah, Ravindra, Karle, Ujjwala
Automotive Cybersecurity: Safeguarding Connected and Autonomous Mobility2026-26-0629To be published on 01/16/2026
As vehicles transform into complex cyber-physical systems within Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), automotive cybersecurity has become a foundational pillar in securing safe, reliable, and trustworthy transportation. This paper examines cybersecurity challenges in connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs), focusing on Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications technologies, including Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), and Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) and critical systems like electronic control units (ECUs), battery management units (BMUs), and sensor fusion modules. Key vulnerabilities, such as remote hacking, denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, malware injection, and data breaches, threaten vehicle functionality, passenger safety, and privacy. Key protection mechanisms, including encryption, intrusion detection systems (IDS), cryptographic protocols, secure over-the-air (OTA) updates, and Advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML
Kumar, Om, Kumar, Rajiv, Sankar M, Gopi, Haregaonkar, Rushikesh Sambhaji
Integration and Proving Ground Evaluation of a Connected Highway Pilot System2026-26-0136To be published on 01/16/2026
Highway Pilot (HWP) systems, classified as SAE Level 3 Automated Driving Systems (ADS), represent a potential advancement for safer and more efficient highway drives. In this work, the development of a connected HWP prototype is presented. The HWP system is deployed in a real test vehicle and designed to operate autonomously in highway environments. The implementation presented in this paper covers the complete setup of the vehicle platform, including sensor selection and placement, hardware integration and communication interfaces for both autonomous functionality and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) connectivity. The software architecture follows a modular design, composed of modules for perception, decision-making and motion control to operate in real-time. The prototype integrates Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication, such as Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAM), to enhance situational awareness and improve the overall system behaviour. The modular structure allows new functionalities
Domingo Mateu, Bernat, Leiva Ricart, Gisela, Facerias Pelegri, Marc, Perez, Marc
Software-Defined Vehicles: Architecting the Future of Intelligent and Connected Mobility2026-26-0691To be published on 01/16/2026
The rise of Software-Defined Vehicles (SDVs) marks a fundamental shift in automotive design, where software, rather than hardware, defines vehicle capabilities. This review explores the SDV paradigm within Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), emphasizing centralized computing, over-the-air (OTA) updates, and service-oriented architectures (SOA). Key enablers such as high-performance computing units, middleware platforms (e.g., AUTOSAR Adaptive), and digital twins support scalable, flexible software deployment and real-time functionality. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) enhance features like predictive maintenance, driver personalization, and autonomous decision-making. However, SDVs also introduce complex challenges, including software validation, real-time performance, and system interoperability. Cybersecurity becomes critical, especially as vehicles interface with cloud platforms, edge computing, and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) networks. The paper also
Ahmad, Aqueel, Hemanth, Khimavath, Kumar, Om, Kumar, Rajiv, Haregaonkar, Rushikesh Sambhaji
Feasibility and Performance of Post-Quantum Cryptography on Embedded Systems for Two-Wheeler Security2026-26-0622To be published on 01/16/2026
The proliferation of connectivity features (V2X, OTA updates, diagnostics) in modern two-wheelers significantly expands the attack surface, demanding robust security measures. However, the anticipated arrival of quantum computers threatens to break widely deployed public-key cryptography (RSA, ECC), rendering current security protocols obsolete. This paper addresses the critical need for quantum-resistant security in the automotive domain, specifically focusing on the unique challenges of two-wheeler embedded systems. This work presents an original analytical and experimental evaluation of implementing selected Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) algorithms, primarily focusing on NIST PQC standardization candidates (e.g., lattice-based KEMs/signatures like Kyber/Dilithium), on microcontroller platforms representative of those used in two-wheeler Electronic Control Units (ECUs) – typically ARM Cortex-M series devices characterized by limited computational power, memory (RAM/ROM), and strict
Mishra, Abhigyan
Artificially Intelligent Rapid Rescue Vehicle System2026-26-0642To be published on 01/16/2026
human lifestyle. The automotive industry plays a crucial role as travel is an integral part of human lifestyle. This indeed has increased the need and demand for automotive domain to step ahead with technology and innovations. Especially, related to ADAS features and AI/ML based algorithms to provide comfort, safety, and many other factors for the consumers. The busy life of human beings has shown increased rate of many health-related issues like stress, anxiety, heart attacks, blood pressure, accidents etc. The existing system in vehicles detects health emergencies and triggers SOS to the emergency service center. However, several catastrophic events occur due to delayed information, thus there is a need for a proactive solution that combines technology and human safety. In this work, we have investigated the different methods which detect the health issues of occupants in a vehicle by monitoring their stress level, heart rate, blood pressure etc., We propose a solution which helps to
Eswarappa, Asha, Nagaraj, Chaitra, Mudassir, Syed
RAKSH: A Blockchain Derived In-Vehicle Key Management System2026-26-0620To be published on 01/16/2026
Modern cars have advanced significantly with the rapid growth of connectivity and communication technologies. In the wake of rising cyberattacks and enforcement of regulations, implementation of cybersecurity is imperative to safeguard vehicles. The cybersecurity controls such as secure boot, secure updates, secure communication require cryptographic primitives (keys/certificates). These security features are largely dependent on robust Key Management System (KMS), as keys are the sensitive assets that must be protected throughout the lifecycle of vehicle. Several security critical applications like over-the-air and car-to-car interaction essentially needs robust KMS to protect the vehicle assets from expanding attack vector. Traditionally KMS is established centrally in a backend server. The cloud based KMS is becoming complex due to increased number of keys/certificates required to provision in a vehicle. We propose a self-governing in-vehicle key management system for a gateway
Goyal, Yogendra, Sutar, Swapnil, Jaisingh, Sanjay
Testing Framework and Safety Evaluation for Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Charging Systems in Electric Mobility2026-26-0176To be published on 01/16/2026
As the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) accelerates, innovative charging strategies like Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) charging are gaining attention for their potential to offer emergency energy support and decentralized charging options. Particularly in countries like India, where the charging infrastructure is still maturing, V2V charging can play a vital role in extending operational range and enhancing user convenience in fleet and remote applications. This paper proposes a structured testing framework to evaluate the functionality, safety, communication protocols, and energy transfer efficiency of V2V systems. Emphasis is placed on real-time testing using HIL simulations, thermal behavior under load transfer, fault detection, and protection mechanisms. The framework supports OEMs and integrators in validating reliable, scalable V2V solutions aligned with future EV interoperability standards.
Uthaman, Sreekumar, Mulay, Abhijit B
A Novel Design of energy efficient 4x4 MIMO Antenna for 4G LTE-A and 5G IOT Communications2026-26-0371To be published on 01/16/2026
This paper presents the design and analysis of a low-profile monopole antenna with a Multiple-Input-Multiple Output (MIMO) configuration, optimized for requirements of modern wireless communication systems. The proposed antenna consists of staircase-like rectangular patches with a stub to enhance bandwidth. Printed on Rogers RT Duroid 5880 substrate, the antenna covers a compact size of 96 x 96 mm2, making it suitable for integration into space-constrained devices. Operating within the frequency range of 2.13-4.2 GHz, the proposed antenna achieves an Envelope Coefficient Correlation (ECC) below 0.015, Mean Effective Gain (MEG) of less than -3 dB, Diversity Gain upto 10 dB, and Channel Capacity Loss (CCL) below 0.12 bps/Hz, thus making antenna suitable for LTE-A and 5G-IoT communications.
Gupta, Parul, Prasad, Anjay
Cybersecurity threats for connected passenger EV Buses of state transport units in India.2026-26-0610To be published on 01/16/2026
There are several chances to enhance fleet management, passenger safety, and operational efficiency by integrating connected technology into electric passenger buses, especially in Indian state transport agencies. But this connectivity also brings with it a fresh set of cybersecurity threats that might jeopardize these cars' dependability and security. With an emphasis on India's state-run bus fleets, this study examines the cybersecurity risks unique to connected electric vehicles (EVs) utilized for public transportation. Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and fleet management communication systems are examined for key vulnerabilities. Potential attack vectors are highlighted, including data interception, GPS spoofing, unauthorized access, and cyberattacks on charging stations. We also look at how these cybersecurity threats affect public safety, operational disruptions, and passenger privacy. This paper also assesses the difficulties Indian state transport
Mokhare, Devendra Ashok
Vehicle-to-Vehicle negotiation via Manoeuvre Coordination Messages for Cooperative Cut-In scenarios2026-26-0274To be published on 01/16/2026
The automotive industry is rapidly extending the capabilities of automated systems by incorporating connectivity and cooperation features that enable real-time information exchange between vehicles and road infrastructure. Within the Connected, Cooperative, and Automated Mobility (CCAM) framework, Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication is expected to play a key role in improving road safety, traffic efficiency, and driving comfort. This work addresses a practical implementation of the standardized Manoeuvre Coordination Messages (MCMs), as defined in the ongoing ETSI standard (ETSI TS 103 561). The proposed approach is demonstrated through a cooperative cut-in use case in which two vehicles negotiate a lane change manoeuvre. In the considered scenario, the ego vehicle, driven by a Highway Pilot (HWP) system, receives the intention to cut-in from a neighbouring cooperative vehicle through an MCM. In response, the ego vehicle adapts its behaviour by decelerating to generate a safe
Leiva Ricart, Gisela, Domingo Mateu, Bernat
"Automotive Cybersecurity: Regulatory Landscape, Type Approval, and the Road Ahead"2026-26-0246To be published on 01/16/2026
Effective communication is the key for bringing harmony - be it the communication between humans and humans, or communication between machine and machine. Today’s car is a sophisticated gadget, equipped with the best of technologies running using millions of lines of codes of software. The effective use of these technologies involve communication between car to car and car to infrastructure using Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC), C-V2X (Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything). It is pertinent that any communication using the internet needs to be digitally secure and that the systems are designed to mitigate the perceived threats. The methods used for ensuring cyber safety of automobiles need to be verified before the end product is put to use. Automotive Industry Standards AIS-189 and AIS-190 have been formulated to provide a harmonized verification framework. Both the vehicle manufacturer and the test agency need to equip themselves with necessary skills and tools to ensure
Nayak, Pratik, Tandon, Vikram, Badusha, Akbar, Desai, Manoj, Sathianesan, Rejin
RESEARCH OF THE EFFECTS OF INTEGRATION INTO ARMOR ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SPINTRONIC MICROWAVE DETECTORS2024-01-333411/15/2024
ABSTRACT The authors studied the effects of different types of armor on the performance of spin-torque microwave detectors (STMD). Working prototypes of novel nano-sized spintronic sensors of microwave radiation for battlefield anti-radar and wireless communications applications are being integrated into Sensor Enhanced Armor (SEA) and Multifunctional Armor (MFA) and tested in SEA-NDE Lab at TARDEC. The preliminary theoretical estimations have shown that STMD based on the spin-torque effect in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ), when placed in the external electromagnetic field of a microwave frequency, can work as diode detectors with the maximum theoretical sensitivity of 1000 V/W. These STNO detectors could be scaled to sub-micron size, are frequency-selective and tunable, and are tolerant to ionizing radiation. We studied the performance of a STMD in two different dynamical regimes of detector operation: in well-known traditional in-plane regime of STMD operation and in recently
Bankowski, Elena, Meitzler, Thomas, Pesys, Tomas
SIMULATION FOR VEHICLE-TO-VEHICLE AND VEHICLE-TO-GRID RESOURCE SHARING ANALYSIS2024-01-344411/15/2024
ABSTRACT A simulation capable of modeling grid-tied electrical systems, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V) resource sharing was developed within the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Using the steady state admittance matrix approach, the unknown currents and voltages within the network are determined at each time step. This eliminates the need for states associated with the distributed system. Each vehicle has two dynamic states: (1) stored energy and (2) fuel consumed while the generators have only a single fuel consumed state. One of its potential uses is to assess the sensitivity of fuel consumption with respect to the control system parameters used to maintain a vehicle-centric bus voltage under dynamic loading conditions.
Jane, Robert S., Parker, Gordon G., Weaver, Wayne W., Goldsmith, Steven Y.
Automated Charging Methodology for Fleet Operated EV Buses to Reduce Down Time and Increase Safety at Charging Station2024-26-011201/16/2024
Prime concern for electric vehicle where the application of the vehicle is public transport, is the charging of vehicle and operation of its infrastructure. Such an example of operating the EV buses is under the GCC (gross cost contract) model, with high operation time and comparatively lesser time for charging. It is challenging to meet these requirements. To counter this situation in fleet operated busses it is proposed to adapt an automated charging method which involves minimum man power intervention and automated mechanism to connect & disconnect the charging connectors. This paper proposes an automated pantograph mechanism based method of charging EV buses, meeting requirements as per SAE J3105 & ISO 15118 standards, which would be an ideal way to resolve the current situation. In the above mentioned pantograph type charging, the charging station or depot will have an infrastructure including charger whose input will be from grid, and the charging dispenser will be pantographs
gullyal, Avinash, Ahmed, Yasir, Amancharla, Naga Chaithanya, kinjalkar, Milind
Lend a Range: Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) charging.2024-26-010701/16/2024
With increase in number of EVs on Indian roads, poised EV makers to produce innovative and pragmatic concept of electric vehicle features. The concept of bidirectional charging is one of that and which is creating buzz and curiosity among EV buyers. The bidirectional charging enables EV owners to lend the power to grid, other vehicles or use for other auxiliary applications. This paper focuses on idea of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) level 1 or level 2 AC charging using J1772 standard, where one user can lend a range of few kilometers to other based on requirement as a helping hand. This paper majorly focuses on how existing EV powertrain system can be upgraded to implement V2V charging with minimal changes. In V2V charging, source vehicle shall function as a mobile charging source (EVSE) and other shall function as a sink (EV). The idea of making source vehicle as charging station involves sink vehicle authentication and managing the power flow. This paper discusses the overall system
KUMAR, ROHIT, Penta, Amar, Venugopal, Karthick Babu, Sahu, Hemant, Arya, Harshita
Bluetooth Profile Testing Using Packet Tracing in Automotive Domain2024-26-034901/16/2024
With the advancement of automotive industries, the need for wireless connectivity between vehicle and smartphone is increasing. To meet the demand for wireless connectivity, Bluetooth plays a vital role. Testing Bluetooth systems is challenging and complex when development cycles of the system involve multiple partners. The system under test must fulfil consumers expectation of Bluetooth functionality paired with their personal devices. Despite many advances and existence of a few reliable systems, hardware limitation, and lack of standardization in Bluetooth test system are some of the prolonged issues. Throughout the course, various capabilities and existing traditional Bluetooth testing system practice were researched, which majorly at a system level (Black box). The gap of such testing is the escape of defect which involves the interoperability of multiple profiles like AVRCP, HFP, and A2DP. This paper focuses on reliable testing approach which is based on packet level testing
Selokar, Ashish Kishor, Iqbal, MD, Tavhare, Sarika, Anilkumar, Sandhya
Vehicle diagnostics and Vehicle to Infrastructure Communication through Visible Light Communication2024-26-008201/16/2024
High Fidelity Communication has become a necessity in various sectors. Different wireless data transfer methods play a vital role in various far field and near-field communications. Wireless communication for transferring data through radio spectrum has been a continuous evolving trend, especially in Automotive Sector, with fleet monitoring, platooning and even connected vehicles. Some important parameters considered in selecting a wireless platform would be bandwidth, data transfer, speed, and security. Some interesting advantages of communication over the visible spectrum has led to the evolution of Light Fidelity. Implementation of Visible Light Communication (VLC) in the automotive field might enable safer driving conditions through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communication with high data transmission rates and efficient-bandwidth usage. The principle of VLC is based on “line of sight” data transmission through modulation of the light source. Highly
Ali, Rifat, N, Prem, Natarajan, Akshay, Kashi, Anitha
Simulation driven design for Connected and Safety system of Two-Wheeler Electric vehicle.2024-26-037901/16/2024
Wireless communication technology is playing an increasingly important role in enhancing the safety of vehicles. Wireless communication enables vehicles to establish connections and exchange information with other vehicles, System, Sensor, infrastructure, and external systems. This connectivity forms the foundation for various safety-enhancing applications and systems. In this paper We used simulation methods to build the Bluetooth antenna, the TPMS antenna, and fall detection of two-wheeler by the use of the IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) for the improved communication and two-wheeler rider safety. we are designing Bluetooth Antenna for Two-wheeler which follows the standards of ISM band. The design of a Bluetooth antenna is a critical aspect of wireless communication systems, particularly for applications involving short-range communication. This paper's objective is to create a successful Bluetooth antenna Simulation for a two-wheeler. TPMS has become critical component in modern
Shekhar, Apurva, Gumma, Muralidhar, Bellary, Anudeep
Cyber Threats and its Mitigation to Intelligent Transportation System2024-26-018401/16/2024
With the revolutionary advancements in modern transportation, offering advanced connectivity, automation, and data-driven decision-making has put the intelligent transportation systems (ITS) to a high risk from being exposed to cyber threats. Development of modern transportation infrastructure, connected vehicle technology and its dependency over the cloud with an aim to enhance safety, efficiency, reliability and sustainability of ITS comes with a lot more opportunities to protect the system from black hats. This abstract explores the landscape of cyber threats targeting Intelligent Transportation Systems, focusing on their potential impacts, vulnerabilities, and mitigation strategies. The cyber-attacks in ITS are not just limited to Unauthorized Access, Malware and Ransomware Attacks, Data Breaches, Denial of Service but also to Physical Infrastructure Attacks. These attacks may result in potentially disrupting critical transportation infrastructure, compromise user safety, and can
Dewangan, Kheelesh Kumar, Panda, Vibek, Ojha, Sunil, Shahapure, Anjali, Jahagirdar, Shweta Rajesh
New 5G opportunities, Risk and autonomous vehicles.2024-26-008501/16/2024
With the rapid advancement in 5G technologies and the global network roll out, the autonomous vehicle space is seeing many Opportunities, The Automotive Industry with its Connected Vehicles is expected to heavily utilize the 5G network features such as low latency, high-bandwidth, and network slicing. Current Network capabilities has restricted the Connected space in Automotive to Basic features like track & trace, DTCs, Online Diagnostics and Predictive maintenance at best. Almost all of the control functions in vehicles today are processed in on-board ECUs but Novel technologies like Autonomous Fleet/Vehicles, ADAS demands this functions to be integrated with connected environment. With the low latency High speed environment of 5G such time critical processing is possible at the cloud end. We can move some ECU functions of autonomous vehicles to the cloud or use a hybrid of cloud and on-board processing model in autonomous vehicles with 5G connectivity. Cloud-based ECUs will create
Mahali, Rakesh, JAGTAP, Pramod
Design and Development of a Virtual Autonomous System2022-01-507210/03/2022
An autonomous vehicle or a driverless vehicle is a ground vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and moving safely with little to no human input. The present study aims to validate existing literature on vehicle following, emergency braking, lane changing, overtaking, and jerk trajectory with regard to autonomous vehicles. By using the jerk trajectory equation, we are able to optimize it by implementing a complete overtaking procedure. We are also able to compare the variation in both the dynamic and kinematic bicycle model for the same vehicle and traveling the same distance. A new kinematic bicycle model is built, which is more simple to construct. This project is performed using MATLAB and Simulink for creating and modifying the system blocks. There has also been an integration of 3D visualization software such as VR sink and Unreal Engine. We construct the vehicles by simple transfer functions, ACC and PID as the main system blocks for vehicles 1, 2, and 3, respectively
Narain, C.M., Patil, Sharanbassapa S.
test 09/29/2022 2:00 pmSAE-PP-0773309/29/2022
test 09/29/2022 2:00 pm
Dongari, Madhukar
Internet Protocol Suite (IPS) SubcommitteeWC-0060508/17/2022
The IPS Subcommittee is leading the development of industry standards for the Internet Protocol Suite for aeronautical safety services. This includes airborne, ground-based, and space-based communication systems. This activity coordinates ATN/IPS development activities among international Standards Development Organizations (SDOs) namely ICAO, EUROCAE, and RTCA.
Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee
Design for Internet of Things in Aerospace2022-26-125205/26/2022
Internet of Things (IoT) is being adopted in aerospace industry, be it a ground based or airborne systems, the scope of IoT is enormous and advantages are limitless, which are not limited to reduced weight, reduced power consumption and reduced operational cost and time. Some of the use cases are to have an IoT based edge computing nodes (ECN) to transfer digitized data from sensors to the centralized computing system and RFID based baggage and cargo tracking system. This paper focuses on critical design requirements for IoT devices in aircraft, opportunity to harvest energy for the IoT devises from Aircraft thermal dissipation and vibration, cybersecurity threats and encryption solutions, power optimization for extended battery life in the devices, existing technology advancements and DO guidance to deploy IoT solutions in aerospace. This synopsis contains the introduction to the below topics, the final paper will have the details, example design and analysis results. Power
Muthulingam, Venkatesan
A hybrid sensor-fusion system to locate the Electric gridlines by UAV for range extension in Urban areas2022-26-114905/26/2022
This paper explores the efficacy and efficiency of a system for the effective location of electric gridlines during daytime and night-time by the onboard and offboard transceivers of UAV through vehicle to infrastructure communication. The usage of electric gridlines in urban areas helps to extend the range of the UAVs by charging the onboard battery using an extended arm. The same arm can also be used for direct propulsion of the motors onboard UAV, thereby minimizing the reliance on battery. UAVs with advanced Image processing algorithms are utilized in the inspection of the electric grid lines themselves in the Power industry. The camera based algorithms are not effective during night-time when the gridlines are near invisible. This can be mitigated by evaluating light in other spectral ranges, but this would add to the load of the UAV. We propose a system which combines multiple information sources and helps locate the gridlines for range extension, specifically for the delivery of
Pappala, Lokendra Pavan Kumar, Enagandula, Srujan, Manoharan, Sandeepkumar
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Rickard, Christopher, SintzUSER, Jeneane
Wireless Smart Contact Lenses Detect DiseaseTBMG-4554204/01/2022
Having diabetes means a lifelong obligation of insulin shots and monitoring of blood glucose levels. But a team of researchers has developed a way to control the secretion of insulin just by wearing contact lenses.
Functional verification and validation of secure controller area network (CAN) communication2022-01-011803/29/2022
In agriculture industry, increasing use of Vehicle Internet of Things (IoT), telematics and emerging technologies are resulting in smarter machines with connected solutions. Inter and Intra Communication with vehicle to vehicle and inside vehicle - Electronic Control Unit (ECU) to ECU or ECU to sensor, requirement for flow of data increased in-turn resulting in increased need for secure communication. In this paper, we focus on functional verification and validation of secure Controller Area Network (CAN) for intra vehicular communication to establish confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, and freshness of data, supporting safety, advanced automation, protection of sensitive data and IP (Intellectual Property) protection. Network security algorithms and software security processes are the layers supporting to achieve our cause. Test environment setup with secured hardware and simulated models, test scenarios and test data created to achieve our objective. For validation, we relied
Khatik, Gourab, Katragadda, Praveen, Labade, Chetan
5G Network Connectivity Automated Test and Verification for Autonomous Vehicles Using UAVs2022-01-016803/29/2022
The significance and the number of vehicle safety features enabled via connectivity continue to increase. OnStar, with its automatic airbag notification, was one of the first vehicle safety features that demonstrate the enhanced safety benefits of connectivity. Vehicle connectivity benefits have grown to include remote software updates, data analytics to aid with preventative maintenance and even to theft prevention and recovery. All of these services require available and reliable connectivity. However, except for the airbag notification, none have strict latency requirements. For example, software updates can generally be postponed till reliable connectivity is available. Data required for prognostics use cases can be stored and transmitted at a later time. A new set of use cases are emerging that do demand continuous, reliable and low latency connectivity. For example, remote control of autonomous vehicles may be required in unique situations. Further, additional autonomous vehicle
Evans, Matthew, Talty, Tim, Dietrich, Carl, Gomez, Xavier
A Novel Vehicle-to-Vehicle Fast Charging Control System Utilizing Motor and Inverter in EV2022-01-019403/29/2022
As electric vehicles become more widespread, such vehicles may be subject to “range anxiety” due to the risk of discharging during driving or the discharging when left unused for a long period. Accordingly, a vehicle equipped with a mobile charger that can provide a charge in an emergency. The vehicle with the mobile charger is usually composed of a large capacity battery, a power converter in a small truck. However, the large capacity battery and the power converter are disadvantageous in that they are large in size and expensive and should be produced as a special vehicle. In this paper, we propose a method to solve the problem using an internal EV system without requiring an additional power generation, battery and a charging-and-discharging device. The method is a novel Vehicle-to-Vehicle fast charging control system utilizing motor and inverter in EV.
Choi, Jaehyuk, Song, ByeongSeob, Kim, SungKyu, Kim, Hyunsup, Kim, Talchol, Kim, SeokJoon, Cho, InYoung, Choi, YoungGon
Demonstration of energy consumption reduction in class 8 trucks using eco-driving algorithm based on on-road testing2022-01-015703/29/2022
Vehicle to Everything (V2X) communication has enabled on-board access to the information from other vehicles and infrastructure. This information, traditionally used for safety applications, is increasingly being used for improving fuel economy of the vehicles [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. This work aims at demonstrating energy consumption reduction in heavy/medium duty vehicles using the eco-driving algorithm. The algorithm is enabled by V2X communication and uses data contained in basic safety messages (BSMs) and signal phase and timing (SPaT) to generate an energy-efficient velocity trajectory for the vehicle to follow. A ~25.7 km (16-mi) urban corridor in Bexar County, Texas, was modeled in a microscopic traffic simulation package and calibrated to match real-world conditions. For the trucks using this algorithm, a nominal reduction of 7% in energy consumption and 6% in trip time was observed in simulation. This was validated by on-track testing of a pair of velocity profiles. The track testing
Bhagdikar, Piyush, Gankov, Stanislav, Frazier, Cole, Rengarajan, Sankar, Warden, Rebecca, Brown, Michael, Sarlashkar, Jayant
Evaluating Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities in V2X Communications 2022-01-013003/29/2022
Over the years there has been an enormous interest in V2X communications that enable an array of benefits such as road safety, traffic efficiency and to pave the way for fully automated driving through its non-line of sight sensing. Hence, there is a need for these V2X communications to be secured and reliable by ensuring that the cybersecurity properties like Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA) are not compromised. This paper evaluates the potential cybersecurity use-cases developed, focusing on vulnerabilities like black hole attack, sybil attack and timing attack in V2X communications. The proposed cybersecurity vulnerabilities were tested and evaluated on FEV’s Smart Vehicle Demonstrator. Furthermore, the best practice countermeasure methods to avoid and overcome the risks identified based on the results were also discussed.
Nagavelli, Sai Krishnanand, Yedida, Siddhartha, Alzu'bi, Hamzeh, Tasky, Tom
Electromagnetic test setup best practices.2022-01-015103/29/2022
Abstract The automotive industry has increased reliance on electronics technology and wireless communication systems and the demand for these systems are still increasing. With this demand there is a need to ensure these systems do not interfere with each other which may cause system performance degradation or even failure. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is a discipline that deals with interaction between electronic and wireless systems. During the EMC testing of an electronic component the environment of the component is represented to isolate the device under test (DUT) to determine the component’s EMC characteristics. Geometric aspects of an EMC test setup may impact test results without the knowledge of the test engineer. In this paper, electromagnetic simulation and measurement results will show the impact of one of the least obvious but most often experienced issues in an EMC setup – grounding. Grounding issues will be illustrated for low frequency magnetic field, radio
Sims, Douglas Andrew, Piper, Scott
Computer Vision-Based V2X Collaborative Perception2022-01-008203/29/2022
In this paper, we present the computer vision-based V2X collaborative perception. Our system uses a forward-looking camera in the Host Vehicle. The camera detects road users such as pedestrians, vehicles, and motorcycles. Such information includes object type, relative location, direction, and speed. This information is used to compose proxy Basic Safety Messages on behalf of the detected objects. Early adopters of the V2X technology can experience the benefits of enhanced V2X market penetration. The outcome of adopting our concept will result in an inflated V2X market penetration rate leading to earlier safety, mobility, and situational awareness improvements. The ultimate goal is for all road participants to be fully aware of each other. The novelty of our work is the integration of computer vision-based detection and LTE-V V2X communications, in addition to implementing the concept for pedestrians and bicyclists. A similar concept will work for other sensors such as radar and LiDARs
Miucic, Radovan, Rajab, Samer
High-Fidelity Heavy-Duty Vehicle Modeling Using Sparse Telematics Data 2022-01-063503/29/2022
Heavy-duty commercial vehicles tend to have poor energy efficiency due to relatively high mass, poor aerodynamic characteristics, and high auxiliary power loads. These factors lead directly to high fuel cost per mile, perpetuate domestic dependence on imported oil, and contribute to climate change and environmental damage in the form of air pollution. The optimization of energy efficiency in these vehicles presents a way to reduce industry expenses while also taking action on the growing issue of climate change. Vehicle modeling provides a path for energy efficiency improvement by allowing rapid experimentation of different vehicle characteristics on fuel consumption. This research focused on creating higher fidelity models using real-world, sparsely collected telematics data from a large fleet of heavy-duty vehicles. The largest challenge encountered in this research was the use of sparse data, where samples are sporadically collected, leading to infrequent sampling rate and
Carow, Kyle, Cantwell, Nathaniel, Ivanco, Andrej, Holden, Jacob, Baker, Chad, Miller, Eric, Asher, Zachary
Mobile control-measuring system for determination and providing vehicles brake performance2022-01-110003/29/2022
The approach on the example of vehicles brake performance determination and provision, based on using of mobile measurement complex with software is developed. Requirements for mobile registration and measurement system to evaluate and ensure performance of wheeled vehicles with regard to modern tools and approaches are developed: based on a modern elemental base taking into account the further development of microprocessor technology; low cost in manufacture; comply with the modular construction principle; high degree of mobility, small dimensions and weight characteristics, a power source independent of the wheeled vehicle network; to connect additional sensors (accelerometers, angles, etc.) and photo-video capture devices; ability to provide wireless communication with the database on the server in the presence of a stable signal of the mobile network; an open operating system for further improvement of principles and algorithms on the basis of modern high-level programming language
Kholodov, Mykhailo, Schmoe, Joe
Mobile Safety Application for Pedestrians Utilizing P2V Communication Over Bluetooth2022-01-017603/29/2022
Vulnerable Road User (VRU) safety has been an important issue throughout the years as corresponding fatality numbers in traffic have been increasing each year. With the developments in connected vehicle technology, there are new and easier ways of implementing Vehicle to Everything (V2X) communication which can be utilized to provide safety and early warning benefits for VRUs. Mobile phones are one important point of interest with their sensors being increased in quantity and quality and improved in terms of accuracy. Bluetooth and extended Bluetooth technology in mobile phones has enhanced support to carry larger chunks of information to longer distances. The work we discuss in this paper is related to a mobile application that utilizes the mobile phone sensors and Bluetooth communication to implement Personal Safety Message (PSM) broadcast using the SAE J2735 standard to create a Pedestrian to Vehicle (P2V) based safety warning structure. This implementation allows the drivers to
Gelbal, Sukru Yaren, Cantas, Mustafa Ridvan, Aksun Guvenc, Bilin, Guvenc, Levent, Surnilla, Gopichandra, Zhang, Hao
Green Light Optimized Speed Advisory with Traffic Preview2022-01-017403/29/2022
By utilizing the vehicle to infrastructure communication, the conventional Green Light Optimized Speed Advisory (GLOSA) applications give speed advisory range for drivers to travel to pass at the green light. However, these systems do not consider the traffic between the ego vehicle and the traffic light location, resulting in inaccurate speed advisories. Therefore, the driver needs to intuitively adjust the vehicle's speed to pass at the green light and avoid traffic in these scenarios. Furthermore, inaccurate speed advisories may result in unnecessary acceleration and deceleration, resulting in poor fuel efficiency and comfort. To address these shortcomings of conventional GLOSA, in this study, we proposed the utilization of collaborative perception messages shared by smart infrastructures to create an enhanced speed advisory for the connected vehicle drivers and automated vehicles. Two different algorithms were designed by utilizing the available traffic preview (Signal Phase and
Cantas, Mustafa Ridvan, Surnilla, Gopichandra
Mechanism to Identify a Legitimate Vehicle User in Remote Keyless Entry System2022-01-013703/29/2022
The advancements of the automotive system in all the aspects from safety to user experience brings never ending list of electronics components into the system. One of the pure critical components in providing the vehicle safety is the digital key or wireless vehicle entry systems. This component is responsible for protecting all the other components of the vehicle and the vehicle itself from thieves and illegal usage of the vehicle. The compromisation of this critical component is equivalent to a compromisation of the entire vehicle along with some legal implications on the vehicle owner. There are numerous additional systems in the automotive electronics enhances the security of this critical digital key/wireless vehicle entry system in protecting the vehicles from attackers. However, there is no component available in the market which does user/owner authentication considering its impact and criticality on both the vehicle and its owner. Either the lost key or the stolen key in the
Ansari, Asadullah, P.C., Karthik, D H, Sharath, Aziz, Mohammad, Mukherjee, Sourik
The Effects of Measurement Uncertainty and Error on Operational Safety Assessment (OSA) Metrics2022-01-098503/29/2022
As the deployment of automated vehicles (AVs) on public roadways expands, there is a growing need to establish metrics that can be used to evaluate vehicle operational safety. The set of Operational Safety Assessment (OSA) metrics previously proposed by the Institute of Automated Mobility (IAM) are a step towards achieving this goal. The safety envelope OSA metrics can be computed using kinematics derived from video data captured by infrastructure-based cameras and thus do not require vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) connectivity, though connectivity could enhance kinematic data accuracy. However, the calculation of some metrics includes certain vehicle-specific parameters that must be assumed or estimated if they are not communicated directly by the vehicle. Uncertainty and errors in kinematic measurements and assumed parameters can affect the accuracy and ultimately the utility of the safety envelope OSA metrics. This paper investigates how uncertainties and errors in measured and
Kidambi, Narayanan, Wishart, Jeffrey, Elli, Maria, Como, Steven
Quantifying System Level Impact of Connected and Automated Vehicles in an Urban Corridor2022-01-017303/29/2022
Numerous studies have demonstrated significant energy reduction for an ego vehicle by up to 20% leveraging Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technologies [1, 2, 3, 4]. Some studies have also analyzed the impact of such vehicles on the energy consumption of other vehicles in a suburban or a highway corridor [5, 6]. Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), in collaboration with Continental and Hyundai, is currently working on a Department of Energy funded project that is focused on quantifying the impact of multiple ego vehicles (smart vehicles) on the total energy consumption of the corridor under various traffic conditions, vehicle electrification level, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) technology penetration, and the number of smart (ego) vehicles in an urban setting. A six-kilometer-long urban corridor from Columbus, Ohio was modeled and calibrated via real-world data in PTV Vissim traffic microsimulation software. Five forward-looking powertrain models, consisting of two battery electric vehicles
Bhagdikar, Piyush, Gankov, Stanislav, Rengarajan, Sankar, Sarlashkar, Jayant, Hotz, Scott, Bakshi, Kaivalya
The Digital Foundation Platform - A Multi-layered SOA Architecture for Intelligent Connected Vehicle Operating System2022-01-011603/29/2022
The advancement of E/E architecture has made modern EV a sophisticated and high performance computing system. High level AD/ADAS functions and applications require real time and accurate perception, localization, fusion, planning and control using computer vision or deep learning based AI algorithms to ensure functional safety and comfort user experiences. Legacy AD/ADAS development from OEMs centers around developing functions on ECUs using services provided by Autosar CP to meet automobile grade and mass production requirements. Additionally, Autosar AP has been maturing and provide richer services and function abstractions. Still the applications development and supporting system software and closely coupled together, this makes application development and enhancement less scalable or flexible, resulting in longer development cycle and slower time to market. This paper presents a multi-layered, service-oriented autonomous driving operating system foundation (we called it Digital
yu, david
Key Fob Relay Attack Prevention With Pattern Matching2022-01-013203/29/2022
Key FOB relay attack is new form of cybersecurity attack which was demonstrated by hacker on many vehicles from different manufacturers. In this type of attack the hacker works in pair. 1 hacker will be near the vehicle and other is positioned near the user who has keys. Hacker initiates the communication between key fob and vehicle by catching signals with RF receiver and retransmitting signals through the Signal generator. This way hacker creates a RF bridge between vehicle and key fob. Since both ECU’s are communicating with each other they assume that user is near car. After security handshake car is unlocked and engine can also be started This paper is a new solution which will provide some degree of defense for this attack. This logic is built around the power level of received signal between the vehicle and key fob. Both vehicle ECU and key fob will have capability to evaluate the power level of received RF signal. Vehicle ECU and KeyFob Ecu’s will evaluate the power level of
Kulkarni, Ashwin
Zebra Printer in-line Implementation2021-36-006402/04/2022
The project presents the advantages of using agile methodologies such as Scrum and Extreme Programing, for software development inside big company, showing that is feasible to adopt Agile Methods even in large companies’ culture. Analyzing this methodology being applied in a print management software for a zebra printer, demonstrating the characteristics of agile development such as agility in development time and ease of adapting the necessary changes in a Windows forms application with the C language. The application that was used to demonstrate the advantages of these methodologies has three basic functions, managing communication with an external service to validate and pass printer status, which is done through an RS232 communication, information management in database SQLite in the application itself, and control of the information that will be sent to a zebra printer, through an Ethernet communication passing data in ZPL (Zebra Programming Language). The advantages of applying
Oliveira, Lucas Miranda, dos Santos Nunes, Caio C´esar, da Costa, Roberto Coelho
2.0.105 - Piston Sealing System Structure Design for Automobile's Lightweight Auto-TransmissionSAE-PP-0043509/24/2021
Current automobile's auto-transmission has problems of defects and cost reduction because of welding process and very complicated assembly process due to individualized transmission piston and sealing components. Also, size and heavy weight of transmission piston components are the source of low mileage because they are made of aluminum, steel material. In this study, therefore, we perform structure design for piston sealing system which integrates piston and sealing material for automobile's lightweight auto-transmission. Also performed stress analysis through finite element analysis to secure required suitable strength when internal pressure is applied after assemble.
Mutagaana, Festo
0071 - Testing DownloadSAE-PP-0042009/13/2021
The combustion occurring in an internal combustion engine subsequently emits high-intensity acoustic pulse along with exhaust gas flow. Formula SAE competition is imposing restrictions on acoustic emissions from an engine, which necessitates the activity of design and optimization of a high-performance muffler. The muffler has to be designed with the objectives of satisfying acoustic emission norms imposed and as well strategically designed to have less obstruction to exhaust flow and being lightweight to maintain the integrity of a Formula Student car. A novel approach of combining the effect of adsorptive and resonating muffler design has been inculcated in this work after the estimation of muffler size and resonance. The acoustic pressure analysis and exhaust flow efficiency are carried out using Ricardo WAVE. These simulation results are validated with the developed prototype. The developed prototype is ascertained to fulfil the requirement of acoustic emission norms (103 dB[C
SintzADMIN, Jeneane, SintzUSER, Jeneane, Anthony, Lindsay, Mutagaana, Festo, Mutz, Jennifer
Secure Wireless Communication SystemTBMG-3987009/01/2021
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