Browse Topic: Exteriors

Items (4,758)

Development of Higher Clarity Injection Molded Windscreen for Motorcycles

2024-32-004004/18/2025

The windscreen is one of the key elements to enhance passenger comfort of touring motorcycle. The clarity through the windscreen should not discomfort the rider. The discomfort we discuss here mainly refers to three factors: the “distortion,” the “blur,” and the “transparency.” Introduced in this paper is the technical measures to achieve sufficient clarity by the injection molding method. Firstly, with respect to the “distortion,” we determined the main cause was local unevenness of plate thickness. As the uneven thickness were related to the accuracy of the die, we clarified the tolerable zone and carried out higher precision machining of the die to satisfy the requirements. Regarding the “blur,” we analyzed the refractive power of the windscreen and found the main cause of blur is the microscopic roughness on the surface. As the microscopic roughness were attributable to the die surface, we clarified the tolerable zone and established the polishing conditions satisfactory for the

Yamada, Atsushi, Endo, Sakae

SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Launching Human Space Travel with a Luxury Balloon

1349801/23/2025

Imagine a six-hour journey to outer space that includes a world-class meal, cocktail service, Wi-Fi, and unprecedented views of Earth. This experience could soon become reality. Space Perspective, the world's first carbon-neutral spaceflight experience company, is commercializing space travel with Spaceship Neptune, a pressurized capsule propelled by a giant SpaceBalloon(TM). The experience is designed to be gentle and accessible with no rockets, weightlessness, heavy g-forces, or training required. Alongside world-class meal and cocktail service, space travelers will also enjoy views through the largest windows ever flown to space, Wi-Fi, and a proper restroom. To learn more, we sat down with Taber MacCallum, Founder and Chief Technology Officer, Space Perspective, to discuss the technical development of the SpaceBalloon(TM) and how the company is unlocking the market for space travel in a new and innovative way. We'd love to hear from you. Share your comments, questions and ideas for

Hineman, Marcie

Aircraft Cockpit Window Improvements Enabled by High-Strength Tempered Glass

01-17-02-0012

01/25/2024

This research was initiated with the goal of developing a significantly stronger aircraft transparency design that would reduce transparency failures from bird strikes. The objective of this research is to demonstrate the fact that incorporating high-strength tempered glass into cockpit window constructions for commercial aircraft can produce enhanced safety protection from bird strikes and weight savings. Thermal glass tempering technology was developed that advances the state of the art for high-strength tempered glass, producing 28 to 36% higher tempered strength.As part of this research, glass probability of failure prediction methodology was introduced for determining the performance of transparencies from simulated bird impact loading. Data used in the failure calculation include the total performance strength of highly tempered glass derived from the basic strength of the glass, the temper level, the time duration of the load, and the area under load.A high-strength transparency

Lampman, DeWitt

Physical Testing and Evaluation of methodology for Windscreen wiping zones and vision zones of vehicle category other than M1.

2024-26-036601/16/2024

The windscreen wiping system is mandatory requirement for automotive vehicle as per Central motor vehicle rules. The main scope of the standard is to ensure vision zones to be wiped by wiping system to ensure maximum field of vision to the driver. The evaluation of vision zones as per IS 15802:2008 is generally determined by virtual simulation by OEMs. The Limitation of virtual simulation is actual tolerances in vehicle due to seat fitment, ergonomic dimensions and seat cushioning effect are not taken into consideration very well off. The testing methodology described in the paper is an in-house developed test method. 3D H-point machine( SAE J826) and a laser based machine Theodolite is used to develop various vision zones on an actual vehicle windscreen as per technical data. These zones are later compared with wiped area to evaluate field of vision. The standard is applicable to vehicle other than M1 category. Critical vehicle parameters such as SgRP( seating reference point) , seat

Joshi, Amol

Thermal Management of An Automotive Headlamp

2024-26-028601/16/2024

These days, the use of virtual simulations through Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methodology is increasing exponentially during the development phase of an automotive headlamp. Thereupon, the automotive industries are becoming competent enough to build an ingenious and creative design with optimal performance within the coherent time. Considerable amount of heat is generated inside the headlamp when it is switched on for a longer time. Hence it becomes vital to reduce the risks if any during the development phase by providing an adequate thermal management strategy within the headlamp. The present study conducted an experimental analysis on an automotive headlamp to determine its thermal characteristics and behavior. Numerical analysis was also performed to determine the airflow and temperature distributions within a headlamp. This study also focuses on finding the main hotspot regions over the headlamp through virtual simulations. The methodology shows a consensus with the

Kolhe, Shailesh Madhukar

Design methodology for avoiding condensation in automotive head lamps

2024-26-008301/16/2024

One of the important aspect to consider at the design stage is the condensation of water vapor inside the lighting system, under particular weather conditions of temperature and humidity, which may compromise the device functionality. Condensation of water vapor is an issue affecting functional and aesthetics of Head Lamp. The current paper analyses the process of water vapor condensation inside an automotive LED head lamp. This paper also discusses the design methodology to avoid condensation under particular conditions. Design methodology includes design considerations for better air movement for heat management, material selection, ease of moisture exchange, breather or vent selection, placement. Additionally, this paper would also discuss about effective use of simulations tools, test methods and assembly process guidelines to avoid impact due to condensation. This paper would consist of one example with application of above methodology, its test and field results.

RANE, SANDEEP BALU, Pawar, Nishant

Application of Color Light-Emitting Diodes in Automotive Exterior Lighting

2024-01-500301/15/2024

Trends in automotive lighting are moving toward vehicle exterior lights, which will communicate with drivers and surroundings. The small size, lower power consumption, high efficiency, and substantially long life make LEDs a leading light source in automotive lighting applications. Losses in optical power for InGaN-based LEDs can be reduced up to 45% compared to AlGaInP, and phosphor-converted color LEDs can contribute to stable light output over the lifetime. Color LEDs will fulfill different requirements such as uniformity in color and luminance. Additionally, the mixing of different colors with white will underline the exterior features and aesthetic design of vehicles.

Janeva Azdejkovic, Mersida, Denis, Xavier, Matsuyama, Yuji, Miyairi, Hiroshi

Applications of Neural Networks to Metallic Flexor Geometry Optimization of Flat Wipers

15-17-01-0002

09/09/2023

Abstract In recent years, demands of flat wipers have rapidly increased in the vehicle industry due to their simpler structure compared to the conventional wipers. Procedures for evaluating the appropriate metallic flexor geometry, which is one of the major components of the flat wiper, were proposed in the authors’ previous study. However, the computational cost of the aforementioned procedures seems to be unaffordable to the industry. The discrete Winkler model regarding the flexor as the Euler–Bernoulli beam is established as the mathematical model in this study to simulate a flexor compressed against a surface at various wiping angles. The deflection of the beam is solved using a finite difference method, and the calculated contact pressure distributions agree fairly with those based on the corresponding finite element model. Flexor designs are paired with various windshield surfaces to accumulate a sufficiently large simulation database based on the mathematical model. An

Chu, Yi-Tzu, Huang, Ting-Chuan, Liao, Kuo-Chi

2025-01-002505/05/2023

Sound source identification based on beamforming is widely used today as a spatial sound field visualization technology in wind tunnel experiments for vehicle development. However, the conventional beamforming technique has its inherent limitations. To improve the performance, three deconvolution methods CLEAN, CLEAN-SC and DAMAS were investigated. These algorithms were applied for the wind noise sources identification on a production car. After analysis of vehicle exterior wind noise sources distribution, to study the energetic contribution of identified exterior noise sources to interior noise, correlation analysis between them were conducted. The results show that, the algorithm CLEAN-SC based on spatial source coherence shows the outstanding capability to remove the sidelobes for the uncorrelated wind noise sources, while CLEAN and DAMAS which based on point spread function have definite limitations. In the application aspect, the main noise source outside vehicle is from the

He, Yinzhi, Shen, Henghao, Wu, Yu, Zhang, Lijun, Yang, Zhigang

Study on the Aspiration Effect of Glassrun Seal System Based on Time-Varying Pressure Difference Between Vehicle Exterior and Interior

2025-01-003005/05/2023

When the vehicle is driven at high speed, there exist very complex flow and vortex shedding phenomenon at the side window area with intense pressure fluctuations. When the dynamic pressure difference between vehicle exterior and interior is large enough, the side window sealing system is prone to poor sealing and generates leakage noise, which can severely affect vehicle interior acoustic comfort. To study the dynamic aspiration mechanism of the sealing system, a nonlinear finite element model of the glassrun seal was established to simulate the quasi-static installation deformation process of the sealing strip, and to obtain the deformed geometric shape and residual stress. Then, the exterior flow field of the glassrun sealing area of a simplified vehicle model was calculated with CFD simulation to obtain the hydrodynamic pressure excitation acting on the outer surface of the sealing strip at different vehicle speeds, and the results were subsequently validated through wind tunnel

Li, Hanqi, He, Yinzhi, Zhang, Yongfeng, Zhang, Lijun, Yu, Wuzhou, Jiang, Zaixiu

Excavator exterior noise contribution analysis using angle-based operational acoustic load synthesis.

2025-01-006205/05/2023

Since earth moving machines (EMM) are subject to exterior noise (EN) regulations, OEMs need to develop mitigation solutions from an early design stage. It is challenging to predict solution effectiveness at early design stage. Excavators are distinct compared to other EMM as their upper frame rotate while keeping lower frame fixed. ISO 6395(2) or EC/2000/14(1) require EMMs to follow specific operating maneuvers where noise sources change their position, directivity, and speed along the operating cycle. These conditions pose challenges in performing noise contribution analysis as a function of angular position and operating condition. Authors successfully demonstrated Acoustic source quantification and contribution analysis for linearly moving EMMs. However, excavator pose data processing challenges due to angular motion. This work demonstrates the use of frequency domain ASQ for operational acoustic source quantification and use of frequency domain virtual prototype sub structuring

Vesikar, Prasad Balkrishna, Haynes, Timothy, Aquino Arriaga, Adrian Antonio, Drabison II, John, Chaduvula, Prasanna

Underbody contribution simulation for vehicle wind-noise.

2025-01-002605/05/2023

Wind noise is one of the largest sources to the interior noise of modern electric and hybrid vehicles. This noise is encountered when driving on roads and freeways from medium speed and generate considerable fatigue for passengers on long journeys. Aero-acoustic noise is the result of turbulent and acoustic pressure fluctuations created within the flow. They are transmitted to the passenger compartment via the vibro-acoustic excitation of vehicle surfaces and underbody cavities. Generally, this is the dominant flow-induced source at low frequencies. The transmission mechanism through the vehicle floor and underbody is a complex phenomenon as the paths to the cavity can be both airborne and structure-borne. This study is focused on the floor contribution to wind noise of different type of vehicles (SUV and Sport car), whose underbody structure are largely different. Aero-Vibro-acoustic simulations are performed to clarify the transmission mechanism of the underbody wind noise and

Mordillat, Philippe, Zerrad, Mehdi, Errico, Fabrizio

Pass-by noise comparison of two test facilities with vehicles operating in electric mode

2025-01-000505/05/2023

Outdoor test facilities for light vehicle exterior noise regulatory measurement need to have surfaces certified to meet ISO 10844. A recent study considered plug-in-hybrid vehicles operating purely in electric mode to compare results at two facilities, one in Japan and in the U.S. This emphasizes the pavement contribution. Overall results are generally similar, with a few differences which are discussed.

Sorenson, Steve, Shao, Guangxin

An Aerodynamic Equation of State—Part I: Introduction and Aerospace Applications - QA Test Tatsiana

01-17-01-0001

04/19/2023

Abstract In subsonic aircraft design, the aerodynamic performance of aircraft is compared meaningfully at a system level by evaluating their range and endurance, but cannot do so at an aerodynamic level when using lift and drag coefficients, CL and CD , as these often result in misleading results for different wing reference areas. This Part I of the article (i) illustrates these shortcomings, (ii) introduces a dimensionless number quantifying the induced drag of aircraft, and (iii) proposes an aerodynamic equation of state for lift, drag, and induced drag and applies it to evaluate the aerodynamics of the canard aircraft, the dual rotors of the hovering Ingenuity Mars helicopter, and the composite lifting system (wing plus cylinders in Magnus effect) of a YOV-10 Bronco. Part II of this article applies this aerodynamic equation of state to the flapping flight of hovering and forward-flying insects. Part III applies the aerodynamic equation of state to some well-trodden cases in fluid

Burgers, Phillip

An Aerodynamic Equation of State—Part I: Introduction and Aerospace Applications - QA Test Tatsiana

01-17-01-0001-TEST-REC04/19/2023

Burgers, Phillip

Aerodynamic Investigation by Computational Fluid Dynamics to Exterior Design Modifications in a Simplified Bus Model

2023-01-5003

01/04/2023

Abstract Exterior design modifications have crucial importance on vehicle aerodynamics. Therefore, it makes one of the key parameters to achieve to reduce the fuel consumption in diesel-, CNG-, and hybrid-powered engines and increase the range of electric vehicles (EVs). The slightest change in the vehicle exterior design can directly affect the vehicle aerodynamics. Thus, four different parameters (front windshield angle, front diffuser angle, rear diffuser angle, and fillet [bending] on the rear and front top) are reviewed on a conceptual 12 m long bus which is to be designed at Anadolu Isuzu. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations become a source for comparative evaluations in these studies. Simulations are carried out for all different models with a realizable k-epsilon turbulence model and enhanced wall treatment wall function. In conclusion, a positive aerodynamic effect is observed with parameters that are the windshield, front diffuser angle, and fillet on the rear and

Özcan, Onur, Yıldız, Alp Eren

Aerodynamic Investigation by Computational Fluid Dynamics to Exterior Design Modifications in a Simplified Bus Model

2023-01-5003-TEST-REC01/04/2023

Özcan, Onur, Yıldız, Alp Eren

Aerodynamic Investigation by Computational Fluid Dynamics to Exterior Design Modifications in a Simplified Bus Model

2023-19-500301/04/2023

Exterior design modifications have crucial importance on vehicle aerodynamics. Therefore, it makes one of the key parameters to achieve to reduce the fuel consumption in diesel-, CNG-, and hybrid-powered engines and increase the range of electric vehicles (EVs). The slightest change in the vehicle exterior design can directly affect the vehicle aerodynamics. Thus, four different parameters (front windshield angle, front diffuser angle, rear diffuser angle, and fillet [bending] on the rear and front top) are reviewed on a conceptual 12 m long bus which is to be designed at Anadolu Isuzu. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations become a source for comparative evaluations in these studies. Simulations are carried out for all different models with a realizable k-epsilon turbulence model and enhanced wall treatment wall function. In conclusion, a positive aerodynamic effect is observed with parameters that are the windshield, front diffuser angle, and fillet on the rear and front top

Özcan, Onur, Yıldız, Alp Eren

ENGINE AIR INTAKE WATER SEPARATION PERFORMANCE USING CFD FOR CLASS-8 TRUCK WITH CORRELATION

2022-01-107203/29/2022

Engine air intake water ingestion needs to be estimated and minimized in order to maximize filter life and to ensure optimal engine operation. In addition, air intake water separation features need to be implemented to minimize water ingestion into the filter and then into the engine. In this paper, we replicate the air intake water separation test performed on a Volvo class-8 truck based on SAE J2554 test procedure. Using CFD, two different intake grille configurations were evaluated, first one is without a grille and a second with the intake grille. In the study presented within this paper the engine air intake water separation performance of a class-8 truck with and without the air intake grille are compared using SIMULIA PowerFLOW Lattice Boltzmann based solver. The simulation results were compared to the physical test and show good correlation with the experimental data.

Dasarathan, Devaraj, Sowmianarayanan, Bhargav, Jilesen, Jonathan, Gona, Kiran, Banala, Ajaybabu

The Gods' Light - A Novel Full Factorial Light Environment Control System with Vision System & Dark Photonic Channel Illuminant for Means of Transportation

2022-01-096403/29/2022

Imagination is a real factor in scientific research. One of the most important elements of productive scientific research is to find out the right direction & clear goal. Take automobile lighting as an example, daylight lighting is generally acceptable for driving safety. So, therefore, one of the effective research methods to first simulate and approximate the daytime light environment as much as possible by vehicle lighting at night is the right direction and a clear goal. The three golden principles of safe driving are concentration, watch carefully, and prevent in advance. All of these safety rules strictly require the driver to take everything around the vehicle as a safe driving factor. A novel full-factors light environment Contrology with high intelligence and humanization based on the visual system and a novel dark photonic channel illuminant will make everyone, contain drivers themselves and drivers in the vehicle ahead and oncoming traffic, feel the incomparable

Xiong, XiangWen

Variable axial composite light weight automotive parts using anisotropic topology optimization and tailored fiber placement

2022-01-040803/29/2022

Continuous fiber composites are an important material for realization of lightweight structures. In the last decade, there has been great progress in fabricating continuous fiber composite parts in terms of local fiber orientation control by robotics and the additive manufacturing technologies. These technologies include continuous fiber printing (CFP), tailored fiber placement (TFP) and automated fiber placement (AFP). One common challenge of these technologies resides in the design method. These methods can fabricate local orientation-controlled composites, so called variable axial composites (VACs), which show great performance improvement when appropriately designed for given loading conditions; however, they may not be as robust as conventional quasi-isotopic composites due to misalignment of load path and fiber path. Therefore, design of both structure and fiber orientation considering load conditions is highly critical and demands high engineering skills. To address this

Nomura, Tsuyoshi, Iwano, Yoshihiro, Kawamoto, Atsushi, Yoshikawa, Katsuharu, Spickenheuer, Axel

High performance unfilled polypropylene material for light weight interior trims

2022-01-039303/29/2022

Light weighting is important to improve energy efficiency in the automotive industry. In this paper, high performance unfilled polypropylene copolymer (PPCP) material was selected and developed to reduce weight and cost without compromising on functional requirements for interior trims such as door trims, lower pillar trims, scuff trims and rear quarter trims (RQT). Interior trims are loaded with challenging requirements such as stiffness, dimensional stability, haptic feel, scratch resistance, cleanability, thermal stability, toughness, low emission and weathering resistance. Reactor polymerised PPCP material compound met these requirements by having ultra-flow behaviour, optimum tensile strength, balanced modulus - impact strength, scratch resistant, low emission and improved thermal properties. The combination of material, optimized part and tool design led to weight savings and considerable cost reduction.

Govindaraj, Karthik, Deoli, Manish, Gregory, Koch

Ultra Flow, High Stiffness Polypropylene Material For Light Weight Exterior Trim Panels

2022-01-039403/29/2022

Light weighting is an effective strategy in increasing energy efficiency in the automotive industry. In this paper, mass reduction with cost benefit was targeted in an exterior trim panel. Modified polypropylene copolymer (PPCP) material was developed for an exterior trim large panel (1400 X 700mm) with integrated grill mesh. The part had challenging requirements in terms of slow speed impact, structural durability, dimensional stability, aesthetics, thermal ageing resistance, cold impact resistance, scratch resistance and weathering resistance. The compounded PPCP material met these requirements by having ultra-flow behaviour, optimum tensile strength, modulus, impact strength and thermal properties. The combination of material, optimized part and tool design led to weight savings and considerable cost reduction.

Govindaraj, Karthik, Vimalathithan, Murukesan, YANAMANDRA, BHARADWAJA, D, VENKATESAN

Electric Child Lock warning indication in Cluster

2022-01-101703/29/2022

The warning lamp comes on temporarily on the instrument cluster when child lock is activated. It also should comes on when ignition is switched ON, and should get switched OFF approx. ten seconds after Engine is started. Proposal 1 : Child lock manual switch hardwired to cluster based on ground signal input, similar to door entry switch concept. Proposal 2 : Child lock integrated with central lock signal input through Child lock control via BCM signal Proposal 3 : Child lock indication to cluster based on radar signal input to BCM to control the Child lock

Ganesh, Muruga

Analysis of Detection Distances and Road Safety of Modern Headlamps under Variation of Aim and Performance

2022-01-096003/29/2022

In addition to the low - and high beam functions, modern headlamps also have the option of switching on only a part of the high beam. The so-called adaptive high beam is intended to increase the detection distance of objects and by that drastically improve the road safety. At the same time this function does not increase the glare for oncoming or preceding traffic. This is enabled through switching on or off the different segments of the high beam, depending on which and where other road users are recognized by the front camera. This massively increases the use of the high beam thus increasing road safety. In this study, the increase in the detection distance of objects on a straight line is statically investigated with a test person study. Furthermore, the glare of each of these three light functions is investigated. A vehicle with adaptive high beam and an oncoming vehicle are statically positioned on the test track and the detection distances and glare sensitivity are determined

Hinterwaelder, Christian, Hamm, Michael, Kobbert, Jonas

Intelligent Voltaic Tinting of Automobile Glasses Obeying Regional Restraints

2022-01-011103/29/2022

The contemporary automotive industry demands unceasing and sustained introduction and improvement of intelligent attributes in today’s machines. Like every other sector in the industry, we want our daily ride to do a handful of things by itself in today’s world. Glass shading has been in play for a long time in the automotive industry. From installing tinted films of a darker shade on the vehicle windows, we have come a long way where today we are able to place smart window tints on our car. These can tint themselves automatically as per the lighting condition when set in the autonomous mode. We also get a bunch of manual controls to control the shade levels as per our requirement or convenience. Now each region has its own tinting laws and it’s inevitable we adhere to them to save ourselves from getting booked by law enforcement. Therefore, the demand arises to make our smart tinting system smarter, so that it can recognize the place the automobile is driving by and adjust the maximum

Padinhare Kandi Meethal, Shameer, Moni, Ayan

The Optical Basis and Realization Conditions of High Recognizable & Glare-Free Chiaroscuro & Sfumato-Chiaroscuro Photonic Channel Illuminant

2022-01-096103/29/2022

A novel high recognizable & glare-free chiaroscuro & sfumato-chiaroscuro photonic channel illuminant, which is with a sense of depth & layering, stereo sense, large FOV (field of view), variable and/or gradient-based lighting to create a high safety and efficient lighting effect for the driver environment, overall vision and vehicle exterior lighting and all the target and the object surrounding the vehicle. It included 1) a superbright photonic channel system, which is used for a specific objective to get a high recognizable & identifiable visual perception; 2) a dark photonic channel system, which is used to form the non-illuminated area. The non-illuminated area is the ocular region of the humans, pets, animals & wildlife, drivers in the vehicle ahead and the oncoming traffic, etc. The entire head and face area is the most basic non-illuminated area for humans, pets, animals & wildlife, etc.; 3) a visual system, which is with the functions of dynamically targeted locking, visual

Xiong, XiangWen

Recycled Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in Automotive Components: A World-First to Reduce Single-Use Medical Plastic Waste

2022-01-090703/29/2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly increased the amount of single-use plastic, especially as personal protective equipment (PPE) like gloves, disinfecting wipes, and medical-grade facemasks have become common among the general public. The need for public health, however, has ushered in a pandemic of another kind: one of environmental harm. Although efforts have been made to prolong use or otherwise reduce waste of these items, many areas have already seen negative effects of both properly discarded and littered PPE. It is estimated 89 million masks are used globally per month, and in the U.S. alone, the healthcare system generates 5 million tons of medical waste annually, not including drastic scale-up during the pandemic. Other countries have up to eighteen times that amount, far exceeding capacity at disposal facilities. To reduce the environmental threat from these items, which have become necessary to maintain public health, the Hyundai-Kia Materials Development Department

Nummy, Amanda

Illuminated Vehicle Logos - Investigation on Potential Distraction and their Influence on Road Safety

2022-01-096203/29/2022

The current development of automotive lighting strives towards more and more lighting installations on vehicles. Additionally, to that, manufacturers start animating these lighting installations as coming home or leaving home greetings from the car to the driver. In the SAE Paper No. 2021-01-0852 it is shown, that these additional animations are in fact not distracting at all to other road users and when used correctly, e.g. in a sequential turn indicator, can be beneficial to the overall traffic safety. This study then aims to investigate the potential influence of illuminated logos on road safety. European law makers forbid the use of illuminated advertisement on vehicles to minimize the danger of distraction of other road users and thereby negatively influencing traffic safety. As of now, the active illumination of the manufacturer’s logo is considered advertisement. For this, a test vehicle was setup with two high luminance monitors, one at the front, one at the back, capable of

Kobbert, Jonas, Hamm, Michael, Hinterwaelder, Christian, Bullough, John D.

Procedure for Visual Evaluation of Interior and Exterior Automotive Trim

J361_20211212/30/2021

Textile and Flexible Plastics Committee

SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Empowering Superheroes: Emergency eVTOL Aircraft from Start-Up Jump Aero

1317311/28/2021

In emergency situations, every second counts - but long distances to rural areas and congested city traffic often increase the time it takes to transport a patient to a hospital. Jump Aero is mobilizing eVTOL aircraft as a solution to cut emergency response time in half and save thousands of lives. Co-founders Carl Dietrich, President/Chief Designer, and Katerina Barilov, Head of Business Development, discuss their passion for the Jump Aero mission. Hear more about how electric aircraft can reduce the time it takes to get a responder on the scene, why their EMTs are required to learn how to fly an airplane, and how their commitment to engage with EMS communities builds partnerships and trust. Stay up to date on the latest news from Jump Aero: https://www.jumpaero.com/

Hineman, Marcie

SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Mark Moore's New Start-Up Making Noise with Quieter Electric Aircraft

1316810/22/2021

A new age of flight is taking shape from brilliant engineers who are redefining how lower carbon emissions, minimal noise pollution and reduced maintenance costs can work together. Mark Moore's newest venture, Whisper Aero, is combating busier skyways with a new electric thruster design that reduces noise to a near-imperceptible level. Moore, a former NASA engineer and Uber Elevate executive, discusses the need for sustainable eVTOL, eCTOL and eSTOL aircraft, how eliminating noise will aid public adoption, and why he decided to set up camp in Crossville, Tenn. Stay updated on the latest news from Whisper Aero: https://www.whisper.aero/

Hineman, Marcie

Aerodynamic study of the different spoiler section design used in formula-SAE cars

2021-28-018110/01/2021

Aerodynamics of a car plays a very important role in a racing car. That is why many race cars are designed to take advantage of aerodynamics. Improvement cornering speed in the race car is achieved through increase in the downforce on the tire. Spoilers (inverted wings) are used for increasing the downforce but this increases the drag too. The performance of a racing car depends on both the downforce and drag, requiring good compromise between these two forces. In this paper, different airfoils which are used for building front and rear spoiler of the race car are analyzed. NACA 0012 is analyzed at 0° angle of attack the front spoiler design is made on the basis of the result with the analysis of S1223 (s1223-il) and GOE304 at 10° and 17° . Modeling of a wing is has been done in Solid work and CFD analysis using ANSYS software. Keywords: Aerodynamics, ANSYS, CFD analysis, Front and rear wing, spoiler.

Patil, Shrikant, Bhaskara Rao, Lokavarapu

Carbon Fiber Fabric and Epoxy Resin Wet Lay-Up Repair Material Part 5 - Carbon Fiber Fabrics, Plain Weave, 193 g/m2, and Epoxy Resin

AMS2980/5A (Current)09/24/2021

This Material Specification defines the requirements of carbon fiber fabric and epoxy resin systems used for wet lay-up repair of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy structures, qualified according to AMS2980/1 and AMS2980/2. Unless otherwise specified by the drawing, the order or the inspection schedule, the present specification shall be used in conjunction with the referenced documents.

AMS CACRC Commercial Aircraft Composite Repair Committee

Investigation of Sink Butt Welding for 120 Degree Door Frame Design

2021-26-044009/22/2021

This paper deals with Vehicle Door 120 Degree joint Rust issue and water leak faced in most of SUV cars. Generally based on vehicle segment its styling curves and exterior design are defined. A Sedan or Hatchback is provided with curves to show its fluidic design but a SUV is provided with Straight lines to show its aggressive look. In existing condition Weld bead is added to prevent rust in joint area, but still improper seating of weather strip on Weld bead cause water leak. Door A Pillar Frame and Horizontal Frame match at 120 degree Joint Edges are chamfered straight to match perfectly. Weld bead runs over the matching profile to join it. But Weld Bead project over the Frame surface and affects Weather strip seating & results in poor sealing. Adhesive added for better sealing also follows the same path on bead and create a path way for water entry. Thus in long run this water stagnates and cause chronic Rust issues in frame. This in turn results in high claim cost within warranty

S, Ravi Kumar, Parasuraman, Baskaran, Raman, Shyam

MOLD IN COLOR PIANNO BLACK PC MATERIAL FOR AUTOMOTIVE EXTERIOR APPLICATION

2021-26-024209/22/2021

Aesthetics contribute significantly to the customer buying decision of an automobile. This is traditionally achieved through painting. Sustainability and cost challenges have led automakers to look at substituting painting through molded-in color polymers in decorative bezels like pillar appliques. These appliques and bezels have a unique mix of material requirements that include color tone, gloss, stiffness, scratch resistance and weathering. Polycarbonates are an interesting class of polymers that has potential to meet these challenging requirements. This paper reports the work done in evaluating a polycarbonate compound in piano black shade to meet the functional and aesthetic requirements. The results prove that the material can substitute painting thereby resulting in significant cost savings.

Govindaraj, Karthik, Vimalathithan, Murukesan, Balaji, K V, Samir, Gandhi, hebbar, vinayak

Application of Electromagnets in Windshield Wipers

2021-26-051009/22/2021

The most widely used type of windshield wiper system employs a coil spring for wiper arm pressure generation. This spring is fixed between the arm head (fixed part) and wiper arm (moving part) and the tension in the spring is responsible for pressure generation. The present arrangement although being unsophisticated design, has following drawbacks: • Inability to change wiper arm pressure according to change in vehicle speed. • Inability to provide constant arm pressure during the complete range of motion along varying curvature of windshield. • Inability to reduce/remove the continuous pressure on wiper blade when vehicle is parked for long durations resulting in permanent deformation of wiper blade rubber. This paper describe how electromagnets can be used to overcome the above stated inherent limitations of the windshield wiper system. An electromagnet is a device which produces magnetic field on application of electric current. It consists of electrical conductor wound around a

Yadav, Bhuvneshwar, Shah, Prateek, AHMAD, ZUBER, Sahrawat, Dinesh, Raina, Sandeep

Utilizing Weathering Effect to Understand Squeak Risk on Material Ageing

2021-26-028009/22/2021

Squeak and rattle concerns accounts for approximately 10% of overall vehicle Things Gone Wrong (TGW) and are major quality concern for automotive OEM's. Objectionable door noises such as squeak and rattle are among the top 10 IQS concerns under any OEM nameplate. Customers perceive Squeak and rattle noise inside a cabin as a major negative indicator of vehicle build quality and durability. Door squeak and rattle issues not only affects customer satisfaction index, but also increase warranty cost to OEM significantly. Specifically, door squeak issues which irritates customer generally occur due to incompatibility of materials used in different interface of door trim. Squeaks are friction-induced noises generated by stick-slip phenomenon between interfacing surfaces. Several factors, such as material property, friction coefficient, relative velocity, temperature, and humidity, are involved in squeak noise causes. For example, door armrest leather is exposed longer to sunlight and when

Lewis, Edlin, Kumar, Amit, Mohammed, Riyazuddin, R, Prasath, Shukla, Sandeep

Aerodynamic approach on enhancing the downforce in a self-powered Electric Vehicle

2021-26-035809/22/2021

With the world moving towards sustainable energy, the importance of Electric Vehicles (EV) has gained huge momentum. However merely moving with a rechargeable structure has put forward many challenges and the quest for a better alternative to power the vehicle electrically remains constant. Researchers across the world are looking forward to how the vehicle can be made self-powered. The study aims at proposing a self-powered and aerodynamically robust design of an EV. The enhanced downforce and reduced air drag were analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The vehicle design is proposed using the principles of bio-mimicry following the standard procedures of transportation design. Speedform (a primitive form of the vehicle design generally considered as the visual vocabulary for transportation design) was developed computationally using AutoCAD. To enhance the Aerodynamic robustness of the vehicle, unique Aerodynamic Spoilers inspired by Venturi tunnels of Le Mans Sportscar

Moon, Rohini Ramrao, Prajapati, Shivam, MISHRA, PRAYAG RAJ

Motor Vehicle Glazing - Electrical Circuits

J216_202109 (Current)

09/01/2021

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes limits for electrical circuits on motor vehicle safety glazing materials.

Glazing Materials Standards Committee

Subjective and Objective Seat Feature Acoustic and Vibration Response

2021-01-107508/31/2021

Compressors, fans, and valves in seats used for occupant height adjust, lumbar, heating, and cooling can be objectionable if felt or heard. An approach to measure subjectively and objectively both vibration and noise experienced by a seated occupant will be described along with results, ranking, statistical significance, correlation, and suggestions for noise control. The objective portion included acoustic measurements through a binaural headset worn by each occupant and vibration measurements were recorded using a seat pad accelerometer disc at the buttocks and a source accelerometer. A subjective questionnaire with Likert, Borg, Magnitude Estimation, Semantical Differences, and Ranking based questions was obtained from 9 subjects. The transfer path the vibration energy takes to reach the receiver, vibration or acoustic, will be explored with transfer function measurements and a discussion of potential mitigation techniques: source mounting, encapsulation, and other design

Haylett, Jim, Romagosa, Francesc, Nelson, Erik

E-motor: source characterization and target prediction up to 4.5kHz using Component-based TPA

2021-01-106008/31/2021

E-motors are characterized by their high-frequency content. This brings a new challenge for a technology such as Component-based Transfer Path Analysis. This paper will intend to show how this methodology has been applied for a wiper e-motor. The source is characterized in-situ by a set of blocked forces. A dedicated high-frequency shaker was developed to meet the required data quality. Afterward, the independent loads are converted to contact forces using a Frequency Based Substructuring technique, allowing assembly definition and target prediction on a different receiver. The substructuring technique is validated on a wide frequency range up to 8kHz. Finally, the predicted vibrations on the target assembly are compared to the measured one for validation purposes.

Ottaiano, Simona Anna, Corbeels, Patrick, Venugopal, Harikrishnan, Bianciardi, Fabio

Synergy of Methods in Structural Dynamics: TPA and Modal Analysis

2021-01-109008/31/2021

Since NVH is always a property of the whole system, one must have a deep understanding of the dependencies and all the components that interact. The well known in-situ Transfer Path Analysis (TPA) provides methods to separate different components of an acoustical system such as source and receiver. The source including excitation and structural dynamics of the exciting subsystem can be described independently of the structural dynamics of the receiving structure by means of the in-situ blocked forces. The Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) is a common method as well and aims to identify the structural dynamics of a structure. This paper addresses the combination of both methods using the example of an e-drive of an electric car, which has been analyzed on a test rig. The combination of modal analysis and TPA yields a better understanding of the system and its dependencies. The correlation of the results of both methods can be used to gain important insights regarding the source

Wegerhoff, Matthias, Sottek, Roland, Brücher, Haiko, Kamper, Tim

A Novel Dissipative Acoustic Material

2021-01-112808/31/2021

Due to modern trends in the automotive industry, such as vehicle electrification, light-weighting, reduced NVH (Noise, Vibration and Harshness) packaging space, etc., it is desirable to have a low profile and light-weight acoustic material with multi-functionality. If one single layer of a thin acoustic material can provide comparable absorption and transmission loss to a multilayer treatment, it will benefit the industry by saving weight, packaging space and system cost. Acoustic absorption and sound transmission loss performance of a new dissipative material at reduced weight and thickness is introduced in this paper. The acoustic performance of the material was evaluated by using random incidence absorption and transmission loss as well as in-vehicle experiment. Further potential applications for this material have been identified using the Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) method with panel leakage considered.

Yoo, Taewook, Gerdes, Ronald, Lee, Seungkyu, Shi, Tongyang

Preliminary Aircraft Safety Assessment (PASA) Template - AFuzion

ARP4754A_PL_01108/13/2021

Aircraft or System Configuration Management Plan Checklist - ARP4754A - AFuzion

ARP4754A_CK_00508/12/2021

Formal Process Modeling to Improve Human-Decision-Making During Test and Evaluation Range Control

21AERP08_0708/01/2021

Using the Innoslate software tool to formally model the process of conducting test range events can expose previously overlooked ambiguities and identify high-value decision points? Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California Acoustic range managers need a better system for identifying high-value decision points before conducting test events. When this research was conducted, a qualitative process model that represents the acoustic range decision process did not exist. This research focused on modeling the decision process of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC) Division, Keyport, underwater acoustic tracking range. The model had to be capable of replicating a simplified version of an event, so test planners can see the identification of high-value decision nodes and use this information to make better decisions regarding risk management and mitigation. Research focused on developing a basic understanding of the decision methods, developing an appropriate model, and then

Snowmobile Tail (Rear Position) Lamp

J279_202106 (Current)

06/10/2021

This SAE Standard provides test procedures, performance requirements, design guidelines, and installation guidelines for snowmobile tail (rear position) lamp.

Snowmobile Technical Committee

Snowmobile Stop Lamp

J278_202106 (Current)

06/10/2021

This SAE Standard provides test procedures, performance requirements, design guidelines, and installation guidelines for snowmobile stop lamp.

Snowmobile Technical Committee

SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Sikorsky Innovations Advances the Future of Vertical Lift

1312805/28/2021

Sikorsky, a Lockheed Martin Company, was among the first companies to manufacture helicopters for civilian and military use. Today, through Sikorsky Innovations they are introducing new technologies to solve the toughest problems in helicopter aviation. On this episode, Igor Cherepinsky, Director of Sikorsky Innovations, discusses autonomy, as well as the Sikorsky X2, one of the world's fastest helicopters that flies more like a tactical jet aircraft.

Hineman, Marcie

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