This document is a tool for the certifying authority, cockpit designers, instrument suppliers, lighting suppliers, and component suppliers. It is an aid to understanding and meeting relavant regulatory requirements, particularly those relating to pilot compartment view {CFR 25.773(a)(2)} and instrument lights {25.1381(a)(2)} for glare arising from visible eletromagnetic radiation.

A-20A Crew Station Lighting Committee

Flight Compartment Glare

ARP6161-TEST-REC (Historical)10/18/2017

A-20A Crew Station Lighting

GaAs Optical Field Effect Transistor (OPFET): A High Performance Photodetector for Automotive Applications

2016-01-009404/05/2016

Photodetectors are important components in automotive industry. Sensitivity, speed, responsivity, quantum efficiency, photocurrent gain and power dissipation are the important characteristics of a photodetector. We report a high performance photodetector based on GaAs Metal- Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MESFET), with very high responsivity, excellent quantum efficiency, high sensitivity, moderate speed, tremendous gain and low power dissipation, surpassing their photodiode, phototransistor and other counterparts. A theoretical model of GaAs front illuminated Optical Field Effect transistor is presented. The photovoltaic and photoconductive effects have been taken into account. The gate of the OPFET device has been left open to make a reduction in the number of power supplies. The results are in line with the experiments. The device shows high potential in automotive applications.

Gaitonde, Jaya, Lohani, R B

Kenneth O’Connor, Coatings Engineer, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD

TBMG-2303109/23/2015

Kenneth O’Connor has worked with NASA Goddard engineers to develop a nanotextured coating with hydrophobic properties. The technology minimizes dust, liquid, and ice accumulation on its surface, similar to a leaf on the lotus plant. See below for details on a live webinar this month.

Harmonized Provisions for Installation of Exterior Lamps and Retro-Reflecting Devices on Road Vehicles Except Motorcycles

J2442_201507 (Current)07/22/2015

International Cooperation Committee

Assessment of Broadband Noise Generated by a Vehicle Sunroof at Different Flow Conditions using a Digital Wind Tunnel

2015-01-232106/15/2015

For the automotive industry, the quality and level of the wind noise contribution has a growing importance and therefore should be addressed as early as possible in the development process. Each component of the vehicle is designed to meet its individual noise target to ensure the wind noise passenger comfort level inside the vehicle is met. Sunroof broadband noise is generated by the turbulent flow developed over the roof opening. A strong shear layer and vortices impacting on the trailing edge of the sunroof are typical mechanisms related to the noise production. Sunroof designs are tested to meet broadband noise targets. Experimentally testing designs and making changes to meet these design targets typically involves high cost prototypes, expensive wind tunnel sessions and potentially late design changes. To reduce the associated costs as well as development times, there is strong motivation for the use of a reliable numerical prediction capability early in the vehicle design

Oettle, Nicholas, Bissell, Andrew, Senthooran, Sivapalan, Meskine, Mohammed

Scaling Considerations for Fluidic Oscillator Flow Control on the Square-back Ahmed Vehicle Model

2015-01-156104/14/2015

Improvements in highway fuel economy require clever design and novel methods to reduce the drag coefficient. The integration of active flow control devices into vehicle design shows promise for greater reductions in drag coefficient. This paper examines the use of fluidic oscillators for separation control at the rear of an Ahmed vehicle model. A fluidic oscillator is a simple device that generates a sweeping jet output, similar to some windshield wiper spray nozzles, and is increasingly recognized as an efficient means to control separation. In this study, fluidic oscillators were used to blow unsteady air jets and control flow separation on rear boat-tail flaps, achieving drag reductions greater than 70 counts. The method appears to scale favorably to a larger model, and realistic effects such as a rolling road appear to have a small impact on the oscillator's control authority. This paper will summarize the effects of geometric scaling and Reynolds scaling when applying fluidic

Metka, Matthew, Gregory, James, Sassoon, Aaron, McKillen, James

Development of Original Self-Oscillating Washer Nozzle

2015-01-137704/14/2015

As an integral element of automotive wiper systems, an automotive washer system is designed to contribute to the security and safety of automobile-based societies by providing drivers with a clear field of vision. Washer fluid is discharged from washer nozzles, typically mounted on the engine hood, to distances of more than 300 mm across the windshield. However, the fluid discharged may fail to reach targeted areas due to the effects of wind pressure when the vehicle is moving at high speed or due to the increased viscosity of methanol in the washer fluid (at concentrations of 30-60 %) at low temperatures, resulting in failure to ensure a clear field of vision. We developed a self-oscillating washer nozzle to remedy these shortcomings of conventional washer systems. Based on CFD and optimization, the flow passage is designed to generate a stable discharge of washer fluid, even under conditions of high-speed air flow or low temperature. Another point of great concern is the size of the

Yokoyama, Hiroshi, Otani, Atsushi, Shirota, Naoyuki, Umezawa, Takao

A Computational Approach to Assess Buffeting and Broadband Noise Generated by a Vehicle Sunroof

2015-01-153204/14/2015

Car manufacturers put large efforts into reducing wind noise to improve the comfort level of their cars. Each component of the vehicle is designed to meet its individual noise target to ensure the wind noise passenger comfort level inside the vehicle is met. Sunroof designs are tested to meet low-frequency buffeting (also known as boom) targets and broadband noise targets for the fully open sunroof with deflector and for the sunroof in vent position. Experimentally testing designs and making changes to meet these design targets typically involves high cost prototypes, expensive wind tunnel sessions, and potentially late design changes. To reduce the associated costs as well as development times, there is strong motivation for the use of a reliable numerical prediction capability early in the vehicle design process. In the past, a computational approach based on a Lattice Boltzmann Method has been extensively validated for assessing the wind noise performance of mirrors, wipers

Oettle, Nicholas, Meskine, Mohammed, Senthooran, Sivapalan, Bissell, Andrew, Balasubramanian, Gana, Powell, Robert

Kinematic optimization of the windshield wiper system based on MATLAB

2014-36-026409/30/2014

In order to have a windshield wiper system according to wiped area and kinematic behavior requirements since the early phases of vehicle development, this paper makes use of a MATLAB optimization function to optimize the windshield wiper system. The main goal is to achieve the maximum wiped area by optimizing wiper blades lengths and orientations. Parallel to that, constrains make the method finds the optimum kinematic design for the windshield wiper linkage in terms of mobility, available area to fix the linkage on body and the maximum range of the blades oscillatory motion. This optimization is applied on an existent windshield wiper system of a domestic passenger car to present the benefits of the developed model.

Kratz, Sueli, Coelho, Tarcísio A. H., Pereira, Fernando D.

Analysis of Friction Induced Stability, Bifurcation, Chaos, Stick-slip Vibration and their Impacts on Wiping Effect of Automotive Wiper System

2014-01-002104/01/2014

A 2 DOF nonlinear dynamic model of the automotive wiper system is established. Complex eigenvalues are calculated based on the complex modal theory, and the system stability as well as its dependence on wiping velocity is analyzed. Bifurcation characteristics of frictional self-excited vibration and stick-slip vibration relative to wiping velocity are studied through numerical analysis. Research of nonlinear vibration characteristics under various wiping velocities is conducted by means of phase trajectories, Poincaré map and frequency spectrum. The pervasive stick-slip vibration during wiping is confirmed, and its temporal and spatial distributions are analyzed by way of time history and contour map. Duty ratio of stick vibration and statistics of scraping residual are introduced as quantitative indexes for wiping effect evaluation. Results indicate that the negative slop of frictional-velocity characteristic is the root cause of system instability. As the wiping velocity decreases

Huang, Meng

Sensor less Wash Fluid Detection in Automotive Application

2013-01-133804/08/2013

The proposed paper describes the hardware and software method used for detection of wash fluid level in water tank used in automotive; thereby eliminating the need for sensor (Reed type switch mounted on washer bottle) for low wash fluid detection. Wash motor is used for water spray on windscreen during wash and wipe operation. The proposed system makes use of hardware circuit used to drive the wash motor usually of DC (Direct current) type and a feedback circuitry to read back the current consumed by motor during particular wash operation. This hardware system is coupled with software algorithm such that during IGNITION ON instance wash motor will be turned on such as to get motor current readings to determine amount of load operated by motor which is related to wash fluid inside the washer bottle. Motor operation is optimized so as to avoid water spray causing nuisance to user. It also eliminates the cost of the sensor, wiring harness and related signal conditioning circuitry used

Gupta, Sidharth

Development of Backlash-Less Reduction Structure Capable of Suppressing Wiper Reversing Sound

2013-01-095804/08/2013

A wiper system is characterized by its continuous reversing movement. This means that a wiper motor is repeatedly subjected to forward and reverse loads under the influence of the variable load which a wiper blade receives when moving on the glass surface, and of the weight of a wiper arm and blade. Consequently, the system generates reversing sound inside the motor, i.e., collision sound between gears resulting from backlash. This is a challenge to be overcome. In this study, the authors have established a new backlash-less and high-efficiency reduction gear structure by adopting pinion gears that can move in response to the load variations at reversing in the existing double worm gear reducer. With this structure, the growing needs for noise reduction, downsizing and weight saving of wiper motors can be met concurrently.

Shimoyama, Masayuki, Hirokazu, Shoda, Satoshi, Kanda, Yasuo, Ohashi

Effects on Real Life Fuel Efficiency of Raising the MAC Engagement Temperature

2013-01-150604/08/2013

The subject addressed by this work, currently discussed in Europe following an European Commission inquiry, is the evaluation of the possibility to prevent the MAC (Mobile Air Conditioning) use below 18°C and its benefits in terms of CO2 emissions saving. This strategy, while providing an uncertain fuel consumption saving, has to be faced with basic safety and cabin comfort conditions. The OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) may evaluate to address these concerns by controlling the cabin absolute humidity content. In order to maintain safety it should be acceptable to turn the AC on based on other inputs, such as air distribution modes (defrost or floor/defrost), windshield wiper usage, rear defroster usage, etc. FGA (FIAT Group Automobiles) exploited our proprietary prediction tool to assessing the yearly fuel efficiency that can be achieved in real use by means of the testing results of representative vehicles. Based on a model allowing evaluating the actual vehicle fuel

Monforte, Roberto, Mandrile, Massimiliano

Electric Windshield Washer Switch - Trucks, Buses, and Multipurpose Vehicles

J2348_201212 (Current)12/19/2012

Truck and Bus Windshield Wipers and Climate Control Comm

High-Speed Transport of Fluid Drops and Solid Particles via Surface Acoustic Waves

TBMG-1526812/01/2012

A compact sampling tool mechanism that can operate at various temperatures, and transport and sieve particle sizes of powdered cuttings and soil grains with no moving parts, has been created using traveling surface acoustic waves (SAWs) that are emitted by an inter-digital transducer (IDT). The generated waves are driven at about 10 MHz, and it causes powder to move towards the IDT at high speed with different speeds for different sizes of particles, which enables these particles to be sieved.

Electric Windshield Wiper Switch - Trucks, Buses, and Multipurpose Vehicles

J2349_201211 (Current)11/27/2012

Truck and Bus Windshield Wipers and Climate Control Comm

Flight Deck Environment

ARP4101/4A (Current)07/31/2012

This document is intended to specify the environmental conditions for transport aircraft necessary to permit the crew to perform their duties and functions in comfort, with minimum fatigue and no distraction. Environmental conditions should cause no short or long-term effects deleterious to health or physical well-being, nor significantly impair ability to perform normal or abnormal crew functions.

S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft

Modelling A-Pillar Water Overflow: Developing CFD and Experimental Methods

2012-01-058804/16/2012

Water accumulating on a vehicle's wind screen, driven over the A-pillar by a combination of aerodynamic forces and the action of the windscreen wipers, can be a significant impediment to driver vision. Surface water film, or streams, persisting in key vision areas of the side glass can impair the drivers' ability to see clearly through to the door mirror, and laterally onto junctions. Common countermeasures include: water management channels and hydrophobic glass coatings. Water management channels have both design and wind noise implications. Hydrophobic coatings entail significant cost. In order to manage this design optimisation issue a water film and wiper effect model has been developed in collaboration with Jaguar Land Rover, extending the capabilities of the PowerFLOW CFD software. This is complimented by a wind-tunnel based test method for development and validation. The paper presents the progress made to date. The test method, based on installing a rain grid in a climatic

Gaylard, Adrian P., Fagg, Michael, Bannister, Mark, Duncan, Bradley, Gargoloff, Joaquin Ivan, Jilesen, Jonathan

Truck and Bus Multipurpose Vehicle Windshield Washer System

J1944_201201 (Current)01/11/2012

Truck and Bus Windshield Wipers and Climate Control Comm

Transparent Area Washing Systems for Aircraft

AIR1102B (Current)08/10/2011

This information report presents data and recommendations pertaining to the design and development of transparent area washing systems for aircraft.

AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee

Passenger Car Windshield Demisting and Defrosting Systems

J902_201108 (Historical)08/04/2011

This SAE Recommend Practice establishes for passenger cars, light trucks, and multipurpose vehicles with GVW of 4500 kg (10 000 lb) or less, as defined by EPA, and M1 category vehicles as defined by the European Commission: a Minimum performance standards for defrosting and demisting systems. b Test procedures that can be conducted on uniform test equipment by commercially available laboratory facilities.

Interior Climate Control Vehicle OEM Committee

Mount Protects Thin-Walled Glass or Ceramic Tubes From Large Thermal and Vibration Loads

TBMG-943603/01/2011

The design allows for the low-stress mounting of fragile objects, like thin walled glass, by using particular ways of compensating, isolating, or releasing the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) differences between the mounted object and the mount itself. This mount profile is lower than true full kinematic mounting. Also, this approach enables accurate positioning of the component for electrical and optical interfaces. It avoids the higher and unpredictable stress issues that often result from “potting” the object. The mount has been built and tested to space-flight specifications, and has been used for fiber-optic, optical, and electrical interfaces for a spaceflight mission.

Commission Regulation (EU) No. 1008/2010 of November 9, 2010 Concerning Type-Approval Requirements for Windscreen Wiper and Washer Systems of Certain Motor Vehicles and Implementing Regulation (EC) No. 661/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council Concerning Type-Approval Requirements for the General Safety of Motor Vehicles, their Trailers and Systems, Components and Separate Technical Units Intended therefor.

INT-REG-2211/26/2010

Windscreen Wiper and Washer Systems.

Direction-of-Motion Stereotypes for Automotive Hand Controls

J1139_201003 (Current)

03/01/2010

The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to present design recommendations for the direction-of-motion of hand controls found in passenger vehicles, multipurpose vehicles, and trucks. These recommendations are based on recent and past human factors research and are important considerations in the design of control layouts.

Controls and Displays Standards Committee