Browse Topic: Wipers and washers

Items (121)

Physical Testing and Evaluation of methodology for Windscreen wiping zones and vision zones of vehicle category other than M1.

2024-26-036601/16/2024

The windscreen wiping system is mandatory requirement for automotive vehicle as per Central motor vehicle rules. The main scope of the standard is to ensure vision zones to be wiped by wiping system to ensure maximum field of vision to the driver. The evaluation of vision zones as per IS 15802:2008 is generally determined by virtual simulation by OEMs. The Limitation of virtual simulation is actual tolerances in vehicle due to seat fitment, ergonomic dimensions and seat cushioning effect are not taken into consideration very well off. The testing methodology described in the paper is an in-house developed test method. 3D H-point machine( SAE J826) and a laser based machine Theodolite is used to develop various vision zones on an actual vehicle windscreen as per technical data. These zones are later compared with wiped area to evaluate field of vision. The standard is applicable to vehicle other than M1 category. Critical vehicle parameters such as SgRP( seating reference point) , seat

Joshi, Amol

Applications of Neural Networks to Metallic Flexor Geometry Optimization of Flat Wipers

15-17-01-0002

09/09/2023

Abstract In recent years, demands of flat wipers have rapidly increased in the vehicle industry due to their simpler structure compared to the conventional wipers. Procedures for evaluating the appropriate metallic flexor geometry, which is one of the major components of the flat wiper, were proposed in the authors’ previous study. However, the computational cost of the aforementioned procedures seems to be unaffordable to the industry. The discrete Winkler model regarding the flexor as the Euler–Bernoulli beam is established as the mathematical model in this study to simulate a flexor compressed against a surface at various wiping angles. The deflection of the beam is solved using a finite difference method, and the calculated contact pressure distributions agree fairly with those based on the corresponding finite element model. Flexor designs are paired with various windshield surfaces to accumulate a sufficiently large simulation database based on the mathematical model. An

Chu, Yi-Tzu, Huang, Ting-Chuan, Liao, Kuo-Chi

2025-01-002505/05/2023

Sound source identification based on beamforming is widely used today as a spatial sound field visualization technology in wind tunnel experiments for vehicle development. However, the conventional beamforming technique has its inherent limitations. To improve the performance, three deconvolution methods CLEAN, CLEAN-SC and DAMAS were investigated. These algorithms were applied for the wind noise sources identification on a production car. After analysis of vehicle exterior wind noise sources distribution, to study the energetic contribution of identified exterior noise sources to interior noise, correlation analysis between them were conducted. The results show that, the algorithm CLEAN-SC based on spatial source coherence shows the outstanding capability to remove the sidelobes for the uncorrelated wind noise sources, while CLEAN and DAMAS which based on point spread function have definite limitations. In the application aspect, the main noise source outside vehicle is from the

He, Yinzhi, Shen, Henghao, Wu, Yu, Zhang, Lijun, Yang, Zhigang

Application of Electromagnets in Windshield Wipers

2021-26-051009/22/2021

The most widely used type of windshield wiper system employs a coil spring for wiper arm pressure generation. This spring is fixed between the arm head (fixed part) and wiper arm (moving part) and the tension in the spring is responsible for pressure generation. The present arrangement although being unsophisticated design, has following drawbacks: • Inability to change wiper arm pressure according to change in vehicle speed. • Inability to provide constant arm pressure during the complete range of motion along varying curvature of windshield. • Inability to reduce/remove the continuous pressure on wiper blade when vehicle is parked for long durations resulting in permanent deformation of wiper blade rubber. This paper describe how electromagnets can be used to overcome the above stated inherent limitations of the windshield wiper system. An electromagnet is a device which produces magnetic field on application of electric current. It consists of electrical conductor wound around a

Yadav, Bhuvneshwar, Shah, Prateek, AHMAD, ZUBER, Sahrawat, Dinesh, Raina, Sandeep

Motor Vehicle Glazing - Electrical Circuits

J216_202109 (Current)

09/01/2021

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes limits for electrical circuits on motor vehicle safety glazing materials.

Glazing Materials Standards Committee

E-motor: source characterization and target prediction up to 4.5kHz using Component-based TPA

2021-01-106008/31/2021

E-motors are characterized by their high-frequency content. This brings a new challenge for a technology such as Component-based Transfer Path Analysis. This paper will intend to show how this methodology has been applied for a wiper e-motor. The source is characterized in-situ by a set of blocked forces. A dedicated high-frequency shaker was developed to meet the required data quality. Afterward, the independent loads are converted to contact forces using a Frequency Based Substructuring technique, allowing assembly definition and target prediction on a different receiver. The substructuring technique is validated on a wide frequency range up to 8kHz. Finally, the predicted vibrations on the target assembly are compared to the measured one for validation purposes.

Ottaiano, Simona Anna, Corbeels, Patrick, Venugopal, Harikrishnan, Bianciardi, Fabio

Headlamp Cleaners

J2111_202008 (Current)

08/26/2020

This SAE Recommended Practice provides test procedures, performance requirements, and guidelines for cleaners intended for use on motor vehicles.

Road Illumination Devices Standards Committee

Turbulent Pressure Spectra for Separated Flow Conditions

2019-01-147506/05/2019

The magnitude of the turbulent pressure spectrum in fluid flow over an obstruction is usually much larger than in attached flow over a smooth surface. External features on a vehicle, such as windshield wipers, side mirrors and pillars which cause flow separation, are a major source of wind noise. The modeling of the pressure spectrum in separated flow is important for designing quiet vehicles. In this study wind tunnel tests have been performed with different shaped obstructions to measure and correlate the surface pressure spectra with flow parameters such as the pressure coefficient and separation size. The model by Chase for attached turbulent boundary layer pressures is generalized to apply to separated flow conditions.

DeJong, Richard, DeVries, Kurtis

Numerical Investigation of Wiper Drawback

2019-01-064004/02/2019

Windscreen wipers are an integral component of the windscreen cleaning systems of most vehicles, trains, cars, trucks, boats and some planes. Wipers are used to clear rain, snow, and dirt from the windscreen pushing the water from the wiped surface. Under certain conditions however, water which has been driven to the edge of the windscreen by the wiper can be drawn back into the driver’s field of view by aerodynamic forces introduced by the wiper motion. This is wiper drawback, an undesirable phenomenon as the water which is drawn back on to the windscreen can reduce driver’s vision and makes the wiper less effective. The phenomena of wiper drawback can be tested for in climatic tunnels using sprayer systems to wet the windscreen. However, these tests require a bespoke test property or prototype vehicle, which means that the tests are done fairly late in the development of the vehicle. Furthermore, these results do not provide significant insight into the mechanisms driving the wiper

Jilesen, Jonathan, Gaylard, Adrian, Linden, Tom

Nissan concept sport sedan is all-electric, driver-optional

19AUTP03_1203/01/2019

Nissan looks to pump up the fun factor with the IMs, an all-electric sports sedan concept with autonomous driving capability. The car made its global debut at the 2019 North American International Auto Show. “While still being a driver's car, this concept lives within our very graspable future of creating/engineering a thrilling autonomous ride, bringing the car into the realm of ‘entertainment’, Giovanny Arroba, Nissan's program design director, told Automotive Engineering. IMs features dual electric motors in the front and the rear with an estimated 483 hp (360 kW) and 590 lb·ft (800 N·m) for all wheel drive capability. The 115 kWh battery pack, packaged under the floor, provides an estimated 380-mi (611.5-km) driving range. The sedan's dedicated EV platform essentially mirrors that of Nissan's IMx KURO electric crossover concept that debuted at the Tokyo Motor Show in 2017.

Buchholz, Kami

Update on A-Pillar Overflow Simulation

2018-01-071704/03/2018

The management of surface water flows driven from the wind screen by the action of wipers and aerodynamic shear is a growing challenge for automotive manufacturers. Pressure to remove traditional vehicle features, such as A-Pillar steps for aesthetic, aeroacoustic and aerodynamic reasons increases the likelihood that surface water may be convected over the A-Pillar and onto the front side glass where it can compromise drivers’ vision. The ability to predict where and under which conditions the A-Pillar will be breached is important for making correct design decisions. The use of numerical simulation in this context is desirable, as experimental testing relies on the use of aerodynamics test properties which will not be fully representative, or late-stage prototypes, making it difficult and costly to correct issues. This paper provides an update on the ability of simulation to predict A-Pillar overflow, comparing physical and numerical results for a test vehicle. In addition to showing

Jilesen, Jonathan, Gaylard, Adrian, Linden, Tom, Alajbegovic, Ales

Flight Compartment Glare

ARP6161 (Current)

10/18/2017

This document is a tool for the certifying authority, cockpit designers, instrument suppliers, lighting suppliers, and component suppliers. It is an aid to understanding and meeting relavant regulatory requirements, particularly those relating to pilot compartment view {CFR 25.773(a)(2)} and instrument lights {25.1381(a)(2)} for glare arising from visible eletromagnetic radiation.

A-20A Crew Station Lighting Committee

Flight Compartment Glare

ARP6161-TEST-REC (Historical)10/18/2017

A-20A Crew Station Lighting

GaAs Optical Field Effect Transistor (OPFET): A High Performance Photodetector for Automotive Applications

2016-01-009404/05/2016

Photodetectors are important components in automotive industry. Sensitivity, speed, responsivity, quantum efficiency, photocurrent gain and power dissipation are the important characteristics of a photodetector. We report a high performance photodetector based on GaAs Metal- Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MESFET), with very high responsivity, excellent quantum efficiency, high sensitivity, moderate speed, tremendous gain and low power dissipation, surpassing their photodiode, phototransistor and other counterparts. A theoretical model of GaAs front illuminated Optical Field Effect transistor is presented. The photovoltaic and photoconductive effects have been taken into account. The gate of the OPFET device has been left open to make a reduction in the number of power supplies. The results are in line with the experiments. The device shows high potential in automotive applications.

Gaitonde, Jaya, Lohani, R B

Kenneth O’Connor, Coatings Engineer, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD

TBMG-2303109/23/2015

Kenneth O’Connor has worked with NASA Goddard engineers to develop a nanotextured coating with hydrophobic properties. The technology minimizes dust, liquid, and ice accumulation on its surface, similar to a leaf on the lotus plant. See below for details on a live webinar this month.

Harmonized Provisions for Installation of Exterior Lamps and Retro-Reflecting Devices on Road Vehicles Except Motorcycles

J2442_201507 (Current)07/22/2015

International Cooperation Committee

Assessment of Broadband Noise Generated by a Vehicle Sunroof at Different Flow Conditions using a Digital Wind Tunnel

2015-01-232106/15/2015

For the automotive industry, the quality and level of the wind noise contribution has a growing importance and therefore should be addressed as early as possible in the development process. Each component of the vehicle is designed to meet its individual noise target to ensure the wind noise passenger comfort level inside the vehicle is met. Sunroof broadband noise is generated by the turbulent flow developed over the roof opening. A strong shear layer and vortices impacting on the trailing edge of the sunroof are typical mechanisms related to the noise production. Sunroof designs are tested to meet broadband noise targets. Experimentally testing designs and making changes to meet these design targets typically involves high cost prototypes, expensive wind tunnel sessions and potentially late design changes. To reduce the associated costs as well as development times, there is strong motivation for the use of a reliable numerical prediction capability early in the vehicle design

Oettle, Nicholas, Bissell, Andrew, Senthooran, Sivapalan, Meskine, Mohammed

A Computational Approach to Assess Buffeting and Broadband Noise Generated by a Vehicle Sunroof

2015-01-153204/14/2015

Car manufacturers put large efforts into reducing wind noise to improve the comfort level of their cars. Each component of the vehicle is designed to meet its individual noise target to ensure the wind noise passenger comfort level inside the vehicle is met. Sunroof designs are tested to meet low-frequency buffeting (also known as boom) targets and broadband noise targets for the fully open sunroof with deflector and for the sunroof in vent position. Experimentally testing designs and making changes to meet these design targets typically involves high cost prototypes, expensive wind tunnel sessions, and potentially late design changes. To reduce the associated costs as well as development times, there is strong motivation for the use of a reliable numerical prediction capability early in the vehicle design process. In the past, a computational approach based on a Lattice Boltzmann Method has been extensively validated for assessing the wind noise performance of mirrors, wipers

Oettle, Nicholas, Meskine, Mohammed, Senthooran, Sivapalan, Bissell, Andrew, Balasubramanian, Gana, Powell, Robert

Scaling Considerations for Fluidic Oscillator Flow Control on the Square-back Ahmed Vehicle Model

2015-01-156104/14/2015

Improvements in highway fuel economy require clever design and novel methods to reduce the drag coefficient. The integration of active flow control devices into vehicle design shows promise for greater reductions in drag coefficient. This paper examines the use of fluidic oscillators for separation control at the rear of an Ahmed vehicle model. A fluidic oscillator is a simple device that generates a sweeping jet output, similar to some windshield wiper spray nozzles, and is increasingly recognized as an efficient means to control separation. In this study, fluidic oscillators were used to blow unsteady air jets and control flow separation on rear boat-tail flaps, achieving drag reductions greater than 70 counts. The method appears to scale favorably to a larger model, and realistic effects such as a rolling road appear to have a small impact on the oscillator's control authority. This paper will summarize the effects of geometric scaling and Reynolds scaling when applying fluidic

Metka, Matthew, Gregory, James, Sassoon, Aaron, McKillen, James

Development of Original Self-Oscillating Washer Nozzle

2015-01-137704/14/2015

As an integral element of automotive wiper systems, an automotive washer system is designed to contribute to the security and safety of automobile-based societies by providing drivers with a clear field of vision. Washer fluid is discharged from washer nozzles, typically mounted on the engine hood, to distances of more than 300 mm across the windshield. However, the fluid discharged may fail to reach targeted areas due to the effects of wind pressure when the vehicle is moving at high speed or due to the increased viscosity of methanol in the washer fluid (at concentrations of 30-60 %) at low temperatures, resulting in failure to ensure a clear field of vision. We developed a self-oscillating washer nozzle to remedy these shortcomings of conventional washer systems. Based on CFD and optimization, the flow passage is designed to generate a stable discharge of washer fluid, even under conditions of high-speed air flow or low temperature. Another point of great concern is the size of the

Yokoyama, Hiroshi, Otani, Atsushi, Shirota, Naoyuki, Umezawa, Takao

Kinematic optimization of the windshield wiper system based on MATLAB

2014-36-026409/30/2014

In order to have a windshield wiper system according to wiped area and kinematic behavior requirements since the early phases of vehicle development, this paper makes use of a MATLAB optimization function to optimize the windshield wiper system. The main goal is to achieve the maximum wiped area by optimizing wiper blades lengths and orientations. Parallel to that, constrains make the method finds the optimum kinematic design for the windshield wiper linkage in terms of mobility, available area to fix the linkage on body and the maximum range of the blades oscillatory motion. This optimization is applied on an existent windshield wiper system of a domestic passenger car to present the benefits of the developed model.

Kratz, Sueli, Coelho, Tarcísio A. H., Pereira, Fernando D.

Analysis of Friction Induced Stability, Bifurcation, Chaos, Stick-slip Vibration and their Impacts on Wiping Effect of Automotive Wiper System

2014-01-002104/01/2014

A 2 DOF nonlinear dynamic model of the automotive wiper system is established. Complex eigenvalues are calculated based on the complex modal theory, and the system stability as well as its dependence on wiping velocity is analyzed. Bifurcation characteristics of frictional self-excited vibration and stick-slip vibration relative to wiping velocity are studied through numerical analysis. Research of nonlinear vibration characteristics under various wiping velocities is conducted by means of phase trajectories, Poincaré map and frequency spectrum. The pervasive stick-slip vibration during wiping is confirmed, and its temporal and spatial distributions are analyzed by way of time history and contour map. Duty ratio of stick vibration and statistics of scraping residual are introduced as quantitative indexes for wiping effect evaluation. Results indicate that the negative slop of frictional-velocity characteristic is the root cause of system instability. As the wiping velocity decreases

Huang, Meng

Development of Backlash-Less Reduction Structure Capable of Suppressing Wiper Reversing Sound

2013-01-095804/08/2013

A wiper system is characterized by its continuous reversing movement. This means that a wiper motor is repeatedly subjected to forward and reverse loads under the influence of the variable load which a wiper blade receives when moving on the glass surface, and of the weight of a wiper arm and blade. Consequently, the system generates reversing sound inside the motor, i.e., collision sound between gears resulting from backlash. This is a challenge to be overcome. In this study, the authors have established a new backlash-less and high-efficiency reduction gear structure by adopting pinion gears that can move in response to the load variations at reversing in the existing double worm gear reducer. With this structure, the growing needs for noise reduction, downsizing and weight saving of wiper motors can be met concurrently.

Shimoyama, Masayuki, Hirokazu, Shoda, Satoshi, Kanda, Yasuo, Ohashi

Sensor less Wash Fluid Detection in Automotive Application

2013-01-133804/08/2013

The proposed paper describes the hardware and software method used for detection of wash fluid level in water tank used in automotive; thereby eliminating the need for sensor (Reed type switch mounted on washer bottle) for low wash fluid detection. Wash motor is used for water spray on windscreen during wash and wipe operation. The proposed system makes use of hardware circuit used to drive the wash motor usually of DC (Direct current) type and a feedback circuitry to read back the current consumed by motor during particular wash operation. This hardware system is coupled with software algorithm such that during IGNITION ON instance wash motor will be turned on such as to get motor current readings to determine amount of load operated by motor which is related to wash fluid inside the washer bottle. Motor operation is optimized so as to avoid water spray causing nuisance to user. It also eliminates the cost of the sensor, wiring harness and related signal conditioning circuitry used

Gupta, Sidharth

Effects on Real Life Fuel Efficiency of Raising the MAC Engagement Temperature

2013-01-150604/08/2013

The subject addressed by this work, currently discussed in Europe following an European Commission inquiry, is the evaluation of the possibility to prevent the MAC (Mobile Air Conditioning) use below 18°C and its benefits in terms of CO2 emissions saving. This strategy, while providing an uncertain fuel consumption saving, has to be faced with basic safety and cabin comfort conditions. The OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) may evaluate to address these concerns by controlling the cabin absolute humidity content. In order to maintain safety it should be acceptable to turn the AC on based on other inputs, such as air distribution modes (defrost or floor/defrost), windshield wiper usage, rear defroster usage, etc. FGA (FIAT Group Automobiles) exploited our proprietary prediction tool to assessing the yearly fuel efficiency that can be achieved in real use by means of the testing results of representative vehicles. Based on a model allowing evaluating the actual vehicle fuel

Monforte, Roberto, Mandrile, Massimiliano

Electric Windshield Washer Switch - Trucks, Buses, and Multipurpose Vehicles

J2348_201212 (Current)12/19/2012

Truck and Bus Windshield Wipers and Climate Control Comm

High-Speed Transport of Fluid Drops and Solid Particles via Surface Acoustic Waves

TBMG-1526812/01/2012

A compact sampling tool mechanism that can operate at various temperatures, and transport and sieve particle sizes of powdered cuttings and soil grains with no moving parts, has been created using traveling surface acoustic waves (SAWs) that are emitted by an inter-digital transducer (IDT). The generated waves are driven at about 10 MHz, and it causes powder to move towards the IDT at high speed with different speeds for different sizes of particles, which enables these particles to be sieved.

Electric Windshield Wiper Switch - Trucks, Buses, and Multipurpose Vehicles

J2349_201211 (Current)11/27/2012

Truck and Bus Windshield Wipers and Climate Control Comm

Flight Deck Environment

ARP4101/4A (Current)07/31/2012

This document is intended to specify the environmental conditions for transport aircraft necessary to permit the crew to perform their duties and functions in comfort, with minimum fatigue and no distraction. Environmental conditions should cause no short or long-term effects deleterious to health or physical well-being, nor significantly impair ability to perform normal or abnormal crew functions.

S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft

Modelling A-Pillar Water Overflow: Developing CFD and Experimental Methods

2012-01-058804/16/2012

Water accumulating on a vehicle's wind screen, driven over the A-pillar by a combination of aerodynamic forces and the action of the windscreen wipers, can be a significant impediment to driver vision. Surface water film, or streams, persisting in key vision areas of the side glass can impair the drivers' ability to see clearly through to the door mirror, and laterally onto junctions. Common countermeasures include: water management channels and hydrophobic glass coatings. Water management channels have both design and wind noise implications. Hydrophobic coatings entail significant cost. In order to manage this design optimisation issue a water film and wiper effect model has been developed in collaboration with Jaguar Land Rover, extending the capabilities of the PowerFLOW CFD software. This is complimented by a wind-tunnel based test method for development and validation. The paper presents the progress made to date. The test method, based on installing a rain grid in a climatic

Gaylard, Adrian P., Fagg, Michael, Bannister, Mark, Duncan, Bradley, Gargoloff, Joaquin Ivan, Jilesen, Jonathan

Truck and Bus Multipurpose Vehicle Windshield Washer System

J1944_201201 (Current)01/11/2012

Truck and Bus Windshield Wipers and Climate Control Comm

Transparent Area Washing Systems for Aircraft

AIR1102B (Current)08/10/2011

This information report presents data and recommendations pertaining to the design and development of transparent area washing systems for aircraft.

AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee

Passenger Car Windshield Demisting and Defrosting Systems

J902_201108 (Historical)08/04/2011

This SAE Recommend Practice establishes for passenger cars, light trucks, and multipurpose vehicles with GVW of 4500 kg (10 000 lb) or less, as defined by EPA, and M1 category vehicles as defined by the European Commission: a Minimum performance standards for defrosting and demisting systems. b Test procedures that can be conducted on uniform test equipment by commercially available laboratory facilities.

Interior Climate Control Vehicle OEM Committee

Mount Protects Thin-Walled Glass or Ceramic Tubes From Large Thermal and Vibration Loads

TBMG-943603/01/2011

The design allows for the low-stress mounting of fragile objects, like thin walled glass, by using particular ways of compensating, isolating, or releasing the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) differences between the mounted object and the mount itself. This mount profile is lower than true full kinematic mounting. Also, this approach enables accurate positioning of the component for electrical and optical interfaces. It avoids the higher and unpredictable stress issues that often result from “potting” the object. The mount has been built and tested to space-flight specifications, and has been used for fiber-optic, optical, and electrical interfaces for a spaceflight mission.

Commission Regulation (EU) No. 1008/2010 of November 9, 2010 Concerning Type-Approval Requirements for Windscreen Wiper and Washer Systems of Certain Motor Vehicles and Implementing Regulation (EC) No. 661/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council Concerning Type-Approval Requirements for the General Safety of Motor Vehicles, their Trailers and Systems, Components and Separate Technical Units Intended therefor.

INT-REG-2211/26/2010

Windscreen Wiper and Washer Systems.

Direction-of-Motion Stereotypes for Automotive Hand Controls

J1139_201003 (Current)

03/01/2010

The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to present design recommendations for the direction-of-motion of hand controls found in passenger vehicles, multipurpose vehicles, and trucks. These recommendations are based on recent and past human factors research and are important considerations in the design of control layouts.

Controls and Displays Standards Committee