Browse Topic: Wipers and washers

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Motor Vehicle Glazing - Electrical CircuitsJ216_202109 (Current)9/1/2021
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes limits for electrical circuits on motor vehicle safety glazing materials.
Glazing Materials Standards Committee
Headlamp CleanersJ2111_202008 (Current)8/26/2020
This SAE Recommended Practice provides test procedures, performance requirements, and guidelines for cleaners intended for use on motor vehicles.
Road Illumination Devices Standards Committee
Turbulent Pressure Spectra for Separated Flow Conditions2019-01-14756/5/2019
The magnitude of the turbulent pressure spectrum in fluid flow over an obstruction is usually much larger than in attached flow over a smooth surface. External features on a vehicle, such as windshield wipers, side mirrors and pillars which cause flow separation, are a major source of wind noise. The modeling of the pressure spectrum in separated flow is important for designing quiet vehicles. In this study wind tunnel tests have been performed with different shaped obstructions to measure and correlate the surface pressure spectra with flow parameters such as the pressure coefficient and separation size. The model by Chase for attached turbulent boundary layer pressures is generalized to apply to separated flow conditions.
DeJong, Richard, DeVries, Kurtis
Numerical Investigation of Wiper Drawback2019-01-06404/2/2019
Windscreen wipers are an integral component of the windscreen cleaning systems of most vehicles, trains, cars, trucks, boats and some planes. Wipers are used to clear rain, snow, and dirt from the windscreen pushing the water from the wiped surface. Under certain conditions however, water which has been driven to the edge of the windscreen by the wiper can be drawn back into the driver’s field of view by aerodynamic forces introduced by the wiper motion. This is wiper drawback, an undesirable phenomenon as the water which is drawn back on to the windscreen can reduce driver’s vision and makes the wiper less effective. The phenomena of wiper drawback can be tested for in climatic tunnels using sprayer systems to wet the windscreen. However, these tests require a bespoke test property or prototype vehicle, which means that the tests are done fairly late in the development of the vehicle. Furthermore, these results do not provide significant insight into the mechanisms driving the wiper drawback. In order to better understand wiper drawback a numerical simulation is presented of a configuration known to exhibit this phenomenon. This requires the inclusion into an aerodynamics solver of: moving wipers, a surface film model, and a representation of airborne spray. Using the results of this simulation, the forces causing the drawback of the water film, along with the mechanism for introducing these forces are studied. Through understanding the driving factors in wiper drawback, it can be avoided earlier in the development cycle.
Jilesen, Jonathan, Gaylard, Adrian, Linden, Tom
Nissan concept sport sedan is all-electric, driver-optional19AUTP03_123/1/2019
Nissan looks to pump up the fun factor with the IMs, an all-electric sports sedan concept with autonomous driving capability. The car made its global debut at the 2019 North American International Auto Show. “While still being a driver's car, this concept lives within our very graspable future of creating/engineering a thrilling autonomous ride, bringing the car into the realm of ‘entertainment’, Giovanny Arroba, Nissan's program design director, told Automotive Engineering. IMs features dual electric motors in the front and the rear with an estimated 483 hp (360 kW) and 590 lb·ft (800 N·m) for all wheel drive capability. The 115 kWh battery pack, packaged under the floor, provides an estimated 380-mi (611.5-km) driving range. The sedan's dedicated EV platform essentially mirrors that of Nissan's IMx KURO electric crossover concept that debuted at the Tokyo Motor Show in 2017.
Buchholz, Kami
Flight Compartment GlareARP6161 (Historical)10/18/2017
This document is a tool for the certifying authority, cockpit designers, instrument suppliers, lighting suppliers, and component suppliers. It is an aid to understanding and meeting relavant regulatory requirements, particularly those relating to pilot compartment view {CFR 25.773(a)(2)} and instrument lights {25.1381(a)(2)} for glare arising from visible eletromagnetic radiation.
A-20A Crew Station Lighting Committee
GaAs Optical Field Effect Transistor (OPFET): A High Performance Photodetector for Automotive Applications2016-01-00944/5/2016
Photodetectors are important components in automotive industry. Sensitivity, speed, responsivity, quantum efficiency, photocurrent gain and power dissipation are the important characteristics of a photodetector. We report a high performance photodetector based on GaAs Metal- Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MESFET), with very high responsivity, excellent quantum efficiency, high sensitivity, moderate speed, tremendous gain and low power dissipation, surpassing their photodiode, phototransistor and other counterparts. A theoretical model of GaAs front illuminated Optical Field Effect transistor is presented. The photovoltaic and photoconductive effects have been taken into account. The gate of the OPFET device has been left open to make a reduction in the number of power supplies. The results are in line with the experiments. The device shows high potential in automotive applications.
Gaitonde, Jaya, Lohani, R B
Kenneth O’Connor, Coatings Engineer, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MDTBMG-230319/23/2015
Kenneth O’Connor has worked with NASA Goddard engineers to develop a nanotextured coating with hydrophobic properties. The technology minimizes dust, liquid, and ice accumulation on its surface, similar to a leaf on the lotus plant. See below for details on a live webinar this month.
Harmonized Provisions for Installation of Exterior Lamps and Retro-Reflecting Devices on Road Vehicles Except MotorcyclesJ2442_201507 (Current)7/22/2015
This SAE Recommended Practice applies to road vehicles except motorcycles. It describes the commonalities of installation requirements for lighting and light signaling devices contained in the regulatory requirements and industry standards of North America, Japan, and the widely-adopted UNECE ("European") Regulations. It does not apply to installation of lighting and light signaling devices specific to special purpose vehicles, including but not limited to police, medical and other emergency or public service vehicles. This document does not carry force of law and does not replace regulatory requirements in effect at the time of application. It is subject to change to reflect additional experience, technical advances, and especially changes in government and industry documents used as references. Users of this document are advised to mind the applicable legal requirements in effect where their vehicles will be sold and registered.
International Cooperation Committee
Assessment of Broadband Noise Generated by a Vehicle Sunroof at Different Flow Conditions using a Digital Wind Tunnel2015-01-23216/15/2015
For the automotive industry, the quality and level of the wind noise contribution has a growing importance and therefore should be addressed as early as possible in the development process. Each component of the vehicle is designed to meet its individual noise target to ensure the wind noise passenger comfort level inside the vehicle is met. Sunroof broadband noise is generated by the turbulent flow developed over the roof opening. A strong shear layer and vortices impacting on the trailing edge of the sunroof are typical mechanisms related to the noise production. Sunroof designs are tested to meet broadband noise targets. Experimentally testing designs and making changes to meet these design targets typically involves high cost prototypes, expensive wind tunnel sessions and potentially late design changes. To reduce the associated costs as well as development times, there is strong motivation for the use of a reliable numerical prediction capability early in the vehicle design process. Previous investigations have shown the possibility to use transient CFD/CAA simulations based on Lattice Boltzmann Methods to assess the wind noise performance of mirrors, wipers, underbody designs and buffeting performance of sunroofs and open side windows. This paper presents the use of this computational approach on two production vehicles to assess the broadband noise generated by a fully open sunroof. Computational predictions of mesh deflectors as well as yaw effect were validated against wind tunnel measurements. Also, detailed flow analysis was performed to understand the noise generation mechanisms and to explain the effect of the mesh deflector and flow yaw angle on the interior noise. Accurate prediction of the wind noise performance of the sunroof and the insight provided by the flow analysis proves that this computational approach can be used to make design decisions during the vehicle development process.
Oettle, Nicholas, Bissell, Andrew, Senthooran, Sivapalan, Meskine, Mohammed
A Computational Approach to Assess Buffeting and Broadband Noise Generated by a Vehicle Sunroof2015-01-15324/14/2015
Car manufacturers put large efforts into reducing wind noise to improve the comfort level of their cars. Each component of the vehicle is designed to meet its individual noise target to ensure the wind noise passenger comfort level inside the vehicle is met. Sunroof designs are tested to meet low-frequency buffeting (also known as boom) targets and broadband noise targets for the fully open sunroof with deflector and for the sunroof in vent position. Experimentally testing designs and making changes to meet these design targets typically involves high cost prototypes, expensive wind tunnel sessions, and potentially late design changes. To reduce the associated costs as well as development times, there is strong motivation for the use of a reliable numerical prediction capability early in the vehicle design process. In the past, a computational approach based on a Lattice Boltzmann Method has been extensively validated for assessing the wind noise performance of mirrors, wipers, underbody designs and buffeting performance of sunroofs and open side windows. This paper presents the use of this computational approach on the Range Rover production vehicle to assess the sunroof buffeting performance with and without a mesh deflector added, which are commonly used to improve the buffeting performance. This approach was extended to assess the broadband noise generated by the deflector up and the sunroof at vent position. Computational predictions were validated against wind tunnel measurements for all these configurations. Also detailed flow analysis was performed to provide insight into the noise generation mechanisms. Accurate prediction of the wind noise performance of the sunroof and the insight provided by the flow analysis prove that this computational approach can be used to make design decisions during the vehicle development process.
Oettle, Nicholas, Meskine, Mohammed, Senthooran, Sivapalan, Bissell, Andrew, Balasubramanian, Gana, Powell, Robert
Scaling Considerations for Fluidic Oscillator Flow Control on the Square-back Ahmed Vehicle Model2015-01-15614/14/2015
Improvements in highway fuel economy require clever design and novel methods to reduce the drag coefficient. The integration of active flow control devices into vehicle design shows promise for greater reductions in drag coefficient. This paper examines the use of fluidic oscillators for separation control at the rear of an Ahmed vehicle model. A fluidic oscillator is a simple device that generates a sweeping jet output, similar to some windshield wiper spray nozzles, and is increasingly recognized as an efficient means to control separation. In this study, fluidic oscillators were used to blow unsteady air jets and control flow separation on rear boat-tail flaps, achieving drag reductions greater than 70 counts. The method appears to scale favorably to a larger model, and realistic effects such as a rolling road appear to have a small impact on the oscillator's control authority. This paper will summarize the effects of geometric scaling and Reynolds scaling when applying fluidic oscillators to the Ahmed model. This work addresses some of the key scaling questions that must be answered while developing flow control schemes for full-scale automotive applications, and it is important to address these questions on a simplified Ahmed model before additional complexity is introduced through use of representative auto model geometries.
Metka, Matthew, Gregory, James, Sassoon, Aaron, McKillen, James
Development of Original Self-Oscillating Washer Nozzle2015-01-13774/14/2015
As an integral element of automotive wiper systems, an automotive washer system is designed to contribute to the security and safety of automobile-based societies by providing drivers with a clear field of vision. Washer fluid is discharged from washer nozzles, typically mounted on the engine hood, to distances of more than 300 mm across the windshield. However, the fluid discharged may fail to reach targeted areas due to the effects of wind pressure when the vehicle is moving at high speed or due to the increased viscosity of methanol in the washer fluid (at concentrations of 30-60 %) at low temperatures, resulting in failure to ensure a clear field of vision. We developed a self-oscillating washer nozzle to remedy these shortcomings of conventional washer systems. Based on CFD and optimization, the flow passage is designed to generate a stable discharge of washer fluid, even under conditions of high-speed air flow or low temperature. Another point of great concern is the size of the washer nozzle. To avoid adverse effects on automobile design, we sought to develop small nozzles based on the world's smallest flow passages. Additionally, our nozzle can be installed at a wide range of mounting angles, ensuring compatibility with a wide range of vehicles, and is capable of discharging large droplets to maximize wiper system performance. It consumes less washer fluid than conventional systems, contributing to the design of smaller, lighter, and more fuel-efficient vehicles. This new nozzle is produced by our proprietary OSI molding method, previously presented by Mr. Umezawa at the SAE 2009 World Congress & Exhibition and patented in Japan.[1]
Yokoyama, Hiroshi, Otani, Atsushi, Shirota, Naoyuki, Umezawa, Takao
Kinematic optimization of the windshield wiper system based on MATLAB2014-36-02649/30/2014
In order to have a windshield wiper system according to wiped area and kinematic behavior requirements since the early phases of vehicle development, this paper makes use of a MATLAB optimization function to optimize the windshield wiper system. The main goal is to achieve the maximum wiped area by optimizing wiper blades lengths and orientations. Parallel to that, constrains make the method finds the optimum kinematic design for the windshield wiper linkage in terms of mobility, available area to fix the linkage on body and the maximum range of the blades oscillatory motion. This optimization is applied on an existent windshield wiper system of a domestic passenger car to present the benefits of the developed model.
Kratz, Sueli, Coelho, Tarcísio A. H., Pereira, Fernando D.
Analysis of Friction Induced Stability, Bifurcation, Chaos, Stick-slip Vibration and their Impacts on Wiping Effect of Automotive Wiper System2014-01-00214/1/2014
A 2 DOF nonlinear dynamic model of the automotive wiper system is established. Complex eigenvalues are calculated based on the complex modal theory, and the system stability as well as its dependence on wiping velocity is analyzed. Bifurcation characteristics of frictional self-excited vibration and stick-slip vibration relative to wiping velocity are studied through numerical analysis. Research of nonlinear vibration characteristics under various wiping velocities is conducted by means of phase trajectories, Poincaré map and frequency spectrum. The pervasive stick-slip vibration during wiping is confirmed, and its temporal and spatial distributions are analyzed by way of time history and contour map. Duty ratio of stick vibration and statistics of scraping residual are introduced as quantitative indexes for wiping effect evaluation. Results indicate that the negative slop of frictional-velocity characteristic is the root cause of system instability. As the wiping velocity decreases, the vibration state transforms from periodic to quasi-periodic and then to chaos in both high and low velocity ranges. The wiping process is accompanied with prominent stick-slip vibration except when the nominal wiping velocity exceeds 0.725m/s. To increase the wiping velocity can improve system stability, restrain stick-slip vibration and reduce adverse impacts on wiping effect caused by the uneven distribution of scrapings.
Huang, Meng
Development of Backlash-Less Reduction Structure Capable of Suppressing Wiper Reversing Sound2013-01-09584/8/2013
A wiper system is characterized by its continuous reversing movement. This means that a wiper motor is repeatedly subjected to forward and reverse loads under the influence of the variable load which a wiper blade receives when moving on the glass surface, and of the weight of a wiper arm and blade. Consequently, the system generates reversing sound inside the motor, i.e., collision sound between gears resulting from backlash. This is a challenge to be overcome. In this study, the authors have established a new backlash-less and high-efficiency reduction gear structure by adopting pinion gears that can move in response to the load variations at reversing in the existing double worm gear reducer. With this structure, the growing needs for noise reduction, downsizing and weight saving of wiper motors can be met concurrently.
Shimoyama, Masayuki, Hirokazu, Shoda, Satoshi, Kanda, Yasuo, Ohashi
Sensor less Wash Fluid Detection in Automotive Application2013-01-13384/8/2013
The proposed paper describes the hardware and software method used for detection of wash fluid level in water tank used in automotive; thereby eliminating the need for sensor (Reed type switch mounted on washer bottle) for low wash fluid detection. Wash motor is used for water spray on windscreen during wash and wipe operation. The proposed system makes use of hardware circuit used to drive the wash motor usually of DC (Direct current) type and a feedback circuitry to read back the current consumed by motor during particular wash operation. This hardware system is coupled with software algorithm such that during IGNITION ON instance wash motor will be turned on such as to get motor current readings to determine amount of load operated by motor which is related to wash fluid inside the washer bottle. Motor operation is optimized so as to avoid water spray causing nuisance to user. It also eliminates the cost of the sensor, wiring harness and related signal conditioning circuitry used for sensor data processing. The proposed invention does not suffer from mundane sensor faults such as short to battery / ground, sensor open wire output, variation due to vibration and wear/tear.
Gupta, Sidharth
Effects on Real Life Fuel Efficiency of Raising the MAC Engagement Temperature2013-01-15064/8/2013
The subject addressed by this work, currently discussed in Europe following an European Commission inquiry, is the evaluation of the possibility to prevent the MAC (Mobile Air Conditioning) use below 18°C and its benefits in terms of CO2 emissions saving. This strategy, while providing an uncertain fuel consumption saving, has to be faced with basic safety and cabin comfort conditions. The OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) may evaluate to address these concerns by controlling the cabin absolute humidity content. In order to maintain safety it should be acceptable to turn the AC on based on other inputs, such as air distribution modes (defrost or floor/defrost), windshield wiper usage, rear defroster usage, etc. FGA (FIAT Group Automobiles) exploited our proprietary prediction tool to assessing the yearly fuel efficiency that can be achieved in real use by means of the testing results of representative vehicles. Based on a model allowing evaluating the actual vehicle fuel consumption in a NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) with operated MAC as a function of ambient enthalpy, the FGA results show a relevant benefit in operating the MAC system only at temperatures over 18°C ambient. The actual impact on the fuel consumption experienced by the customer might anyway be lower than the maximum declared one, as not all drivers are used to always operate their vehicle with the A/C ON. This may explain some OEMs' concern in assessing such high a consumption reduction benefit, which may drive the consumers to false money saving expectations.
Monforte, Roberto, Mandrile, Massimiliano
Electric Windshield Washer Switch - Trucks, Buses, and Multipurpose VehiclesJ2348_201212 (Current)12/19/2012
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes for trucks, buses, and multipurpose passenger vehicles with GVW of 4500 kg (10 000 lb) or greater: a Minimum performance requirements for the switch for activating electric or electro-pneumatic windshield washer systems. b Uniform test procedures that include those tests that can be conducted on uniform test equipment by commercially available laboratory facilities. The test procedures and minimum performance requirements, outlined in this document, are based on currently available engineering data. It is the intent that all portions of the document will be periodically reviewed and revised as additional data regarding windshield washing system performance is developed.
Truck and Bus Windshield Wipers and Climate Control Comm
High-Speed Transport of Fluid Drops and Solid Particles via Surface Acoustic WavesTBMG-1526812/1/2012
A compact sampling tool mechanism that can operate at various temperatures, and transport and sieve particle sizes of powdered cuttings and soil grains with no moving parts, has been created using traveling surface acoustic waves (SAWs) that are emitted by an inter-digital transducer (IDT). The generated waves are driven at about 10 MHz, and it causes powder to move towards the IDT at high speed with different speeds for different sizes of particles, which enables these particles to be sieved.
Electric Windshield Wiper Switch - Trucks, Buses, and Multipurpose VehiclesJ2349_201211 (Current)11/27/2012
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes for trucks, buses, and multipurpose vehicles with GVW of 4500 kg (10 000 lb) or greater: a Minimum performance requirements for the switch for electrically or electro-pneumatically powered windshield wiping systems. b Uniform test procedures that include those tests that can be conducted on uniform test equipment by commercially available laboratory facilities. The test procedures and minimum performance requirements, outlined in this document are based on currently available engineering data. It is the intent that all portions of the document will be periodically reviewed and revised as additional data regarding windshield wiping system performance are developed.
Truck and Bus Windshield Wipers and Climate Control Comm
Flight Deck EnvironmentARP4101/4A (Current)7/31/2012
This document is intended to specify the environmental conditions for transport aircraft necessary to permit the crew to perform their duties and functions in comfort, with minimum fatigue and no distraction. Environmental conditions should cause no short or long-term effects deleterious to health or physical well-being, nor significantly impair ability to perform normal or abnormal crew functions.
S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft
Modelling A-Pillar Water Overflow: Developing CFD and Experimental Methods2012-01-05884/16/2012
Water accumulating on a vehicle's wind screen, driven over the A-pillar by a combination of aerodynamic forces and the action of the windscreen wipers, can be a significant impediment to driver vision. Surface water film, or streams, persisting in key vision areas of the side glass can impair the drivers' ability to see clearly through to the door mirror, and laterally onto junctions. Common countermeasures include: water management channels and hydrophobic glass coatings. Water management channels have both design and wind noise implications. Hydrophobic coatings entail significant cost. In order to manage this design optimisation issue a water film and wiper effect model has been developed in collaboration with Jaguar Land Rover, extending the capabilities of the PowerFLOW CFD software. This is complimented by a wind-tunnel based test method for development and validation. The paper presents the progress made to date. The test method, based on installing a rain grid in a climatic wind tunnel, is described. Boundary condition data is extracted to aid CFD model development. This includes: flow similarity assessment against a full scale aerodynamic wind tunnel, water spray flux measurements, screen water distribution, and A-pillar overflow measurements. The CFD method is described and its predictions are compared to experimental data. This includes a simple model to represent the effect of the wiper system. Finally, areas for further improvement in both experimental and computational methods are identified.
Gaylard, Adrian P., Fagg, Michael, Bannister, Mark, Duncan, Bradley, Gargoloff, Joaquin Ivan, Jilesen, Jonathan
Truck and Bus Multipurpose Vehicle Windshield Washer SystemJ1944_201201 (Current)1/11/2012
This SAE Recommended Practice provides the following for the windshield washer system for trucks, buses, and multipurpose vehicles with GVW of 4500 kg (10 000 lb) or greater: a Minimum performance requirement b Uniform test procedures. The test procedures are limited to those tests that can be conducted with uniform test equipment by commercially available laboratory facilities. c Uniform terminology of windshield washer system characteristics and phenomena. The minimum performance requirements and test procedures, outlined in this document, are based on currently available engineering data. It is intended that all portions of the document will be periodically reviewed and revised as additional data on windshield washer system performance are developed.
Truck and Bus Windshield Wipers and Climate Control Comm
Transparent Area Washing Systems for AircraftAIR1102B (Current)8/10/2011
This information report presents data and recommendations pertaining to the design and development of transparent area washing systems for aircraft.
AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee
Passenger Car Windshield Demisting and Defrosting SystemsJ902_201108 (Historical)8/4/2011
This SAE Recommend Practice establishes for passenger cars, light trucks, and multipurpose vehicles with GVW of 4500 kg (10 000 lb) or less, as defined by EPA, and M1 category vehicles as defined by the European Commission: a Minimum performance standards for defrosting and demisting systems. b Test procedures that can be conducted on uniform test equipment by commercially available laboratory facilities.
Interior Climate Control Vehicle OEM Committee
Mount Protects Thin-Walled Glass or Ceramic Tubes From Large Thermal and Vibration LoadsTBMG-94363/1/2011
The design allows for the low-stress mounting of fragile objects, like thin walled glass, by using particular ways of compensating, isolating, or releasing the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) differences between the mounted object and the mount itself. This mount profile is lower than true full kinematic mounting. Also, this approach enables accurate positioning of the component for electrical and optical interfaces. It avoids the higher and unpredictable stress issues that often result from “potting” the object. The mount has been built and tested to space-flight specifications, and has been used for fiber-optic, optical, and electrical interfaces for a spaceflight mission.
Direction-of-Motion Stereotypes for Automotive Hand ControlsJ1139_201003 (Current)3/1/2010
The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to present design recommendations for the direction-of-motion of hand controls found in passenger vehicles, multipurpose vehicles, and trucks. These recommendations are based on recent and past human factors research and are important considerations in the design of control layouts.
Controls and Displays Standards Committee
Motor Vehicle Glazing—Electrical CircuitsJ216_201001 (Historical)1/20/2010
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes limits for electrical circuits on motor vehicle safety glazing materials.
Glazing Materials Standards Committee
Small-Bolt Torque-Tension TesterTBMG-585811/1/2009
Current torque-tension measurement techniques involve using load washers as the force measuring transducer. The disadvantage of load washers is that they are too large to be used with fasteners smaller than about size #8. The device described here measures the torque-tension relationship for fasteners as small as #0.
Installing a Test Tap on a Metal Battery CaseTBMG-51775/1/2009
A mechanical fitting and relatively simple and safe method of installing it on the metal case of a battery have been devised to provide access to the interior of the battery to perform inspection and/or to measure such internal conditions as temperature and pressure. A metal boss or stud having an exterior thread is attached to the case by capacitor-discharge stud welding (CDSW), which takes only 3 to 6 milliseconds and in which the metallurgical bond (weld) and the heat-affected zone are limited to a depth of a few thousandths of an inch (a few hundredths of a millimeter).
Equivalent Temperature - Truck and BusJ2234_200706 (Historical)6/4/2007
The scope of this SAE Information Report is to: a. Define the Equivalent temperature. b. Describe how it can be used to evaluate the performance of a heating and/or air-conditioning system in a vehicle. c. Describe how it can be measured.
Truck and Bus Windshield Wipers and Climate Control Comm
Objective chime sound quality evaluation2006-01-266711/21/2006
Customer perception of vehicle quality and safety is based on many factors. One important factor is the customers impression of the sounds produced by body and interior components such as doors, windows, seats, safety belts, windshield wipers, and other similar items like sounds generated automatically for safety and warning purposes. These sounds are typically harmonic or constant, and the relative level of perception, duration, multiplicity, and degree of concurrence of these sounds are elements that the customer will retain in an overall quality impression. Chime sounds are important to the customer in order to alert that something is not accomplished in a right way or for safe purposes. The chimes can be characterized by: sound level perception, frequency of the signal, shape of the signal, duration of the “beep” and the silence duration. The purpose of this work is to use psychoacoustic parameters and time-frequency tools in order to quantify the sound quality perception of chime sounds like key off headlamp on and the unclosed door with gear out of parking mode.
Prati, Sergio, Yoneda, Rodrigo, Huallpa, Belisário Nina
Transparent Area Washing Systems for AircraftAIR1102A (Historical)3/27/2006
This information report presents data and recommendations pertaining to the design and development of transparent area washing systems for aircraft.
AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee
Variable-Pressure WasherTBMG-2387/1/2005
The variable-pressure washer (VPW) is a proposed device that is so named because (1) it would play the role similar to that played by an ordinary washer, except that (2) the clamping pressure applied by it would vary with either circumferential or radial position. In a typical contemplated application, the radially varying clamping pressure would be used to obtain more nearly uniform compression on a pair of concentric seals (e.g., an O-ring or a gasket) in an assembly that experiences larger deformations normal to the sealing surface for locations around the outer diameter of the attachment flange when compared to locations around the inner diameter.
Music Analogy: An Alternative Strategy for Sound Quality Requirements2005-01-24775/16/2005
In recent years a predominant strategy for setting sound quality (SQ) requirements has been the sensory correlation approach (also called sensory evaluation or sensory science). Some users of this approach have reported their progress in numerous papers. Other SQ practitioners have made presentations on specific topics that show the linkage to music and musical notation. These specific links point to an alternative general strategy - “the Music Analogy for Sound Quality.” This paper begins by comparing the general methods of the music analogy and sensory correlation. Some major differences will be identified and implications discussed. Some existing specific tools for the music analogy will be identified as well as some gaps that need to be filled. Finally, reasons will be presented concerning why the music analogy should be considered when developing sound quality requirements.
Fridrich, Richard J.
Enhancing comfort and convenienceAUTOAPR05_124/1/2005
Plenty of work remains to bring new concepts to reality and make existing products so affordable they can join the ranks of ubiquitous helpers such as power steering and brakes. It began with Cadillac's Kettering electric starter, when carmakers discovered they could use technology to make it easier and more comfortable for people to drive their products. Forty years later saw the widespread arrival of the automatic transmission, saving drivers from the hassle of changing gears and learning to slip a clutch. A decade after that, air conditioning, power steering, brakes, locks, and windows were the height of luxury. Today, the cheapest economy car includes those features and more, but the same old pattern is at work; expensive luxury cars pioneer new comfort and convenience technology to help set them apart from lesser competitors. As the use of a new technology spreads, its cost falls, making it practical for first mainstream and later even entry-level vehicles.
Carney, Dan
Flight Compartment GlareAIR1151 (Historical)2/10/2005
A-20AC Crew Station and Interior Lighting Committee
Much Improved Vision with ClearFast™ (Heated Fluid Washer System)2004-01-264910/26/2004
The ClearFast™ heated fluid washer system provides 700% more heated fluid than other systems. The ClearFast’s unique dual heating elements provides instant (<12 seconds) and stored heated fluid. The efficient heating configuration uses the minimum electrical energy from the vehicles charging system. The first heated chamber (instant) quickly clears frost during initial vehicle start-up. The second heated chamber (stored fluid) provides quick windshield cleaning for snow/ice, dirt and bug residue while driving. The dual heating element allows the system to maintain a reservoir of heated fluid, but maximizes heating efficiency when the reservoir is depleted. The system requires only three simple electrical connections to the vehicle and is plumbed in-line between the washer pump and spray nozzles. The adaptive control software monitors not only the operating parameters of the system, but the health of the vehicle charging system to ensure undue strain is not placed upon it. This paper describes the design and operation of the ClearFast™ system, and the installation and experience on vehicles. Also discussed are performance test results, and comparisons showing how ClearFast™ out-performs other systems.
Hansen, Dave, Washeleski, John
Trucks get aerodynamic touchAUTOJUL04_047/1/2004
Light truck and SUV designers must reconcile conservative customer tastes with need for reduced drag to boost efficiency. The increasing popularity of light trucks and SUVs as family vehicles rather than as purely utilitarian machines brings increased pressure to improve their fuel economy, both from government regulators and from customers who are disappointed by their fuel efficiency. Also, the increased use of trucks as replacements for cars means that today's customers are more interested in reducing the wind noise that results from blunt profiles and large mirrors that are common among trucks. Responding to these pressures, manufacturers seek to trim their trucks' appetites for fuel and quiet their passage through the air by making them sleeker than ever. However, customers in these segments tend to be very traditional in their estimation of how a truck should look, and they demonstrate little interest in buying vehicles that look more ready for high-speed runs than a trip to the feed store.
Carney, Dan
Windshield Wiper Systems--Trucks, Buses, and Multipurpose VehiclesJ198_200307 (Historical)7/29/2003
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes for trucks, buses, and multipurpose passenger vehicles with GVW of 4500 kg (10 000 lb) or greater: Minimum performance requirements for windshield wiping systems. Uniform test procedures that include those tests that can be conducted on uniform test equipment by commercially available laboratory facilities. Uniform terminology of windshield wiper system characteristics and phenomena consistent with those found in guides for the use of engineering layout studies to evaluate system performance. Guides for the design and location of components of the systems for function, servicing of the system, etc. The test procedures and minimum performance requirements, outlined in this document, are based on currently available engineering data. It is the intent that all portions of the document will be periodically reviewed and revised as additional data regarding windshield wiping system performance are developed.
Truck and Bus Windshield Wipers and Climate Control Comm
Wavelet-Based Visualization, Separation, and Synthesis Tools for Sound Quality of Impulsive Noises2003-01-15275/5/2003
Recent applied mathematics research on the properties of the invertible shift-invariant discrete wavelet transform has produced new ways to visualize, separate, and synthesize impulsive sounds, such as thuds, slaps, taps, knocks, and rattles. These new methods can be used to examine the joint time-frequency characteristics of a sound, to select individual components based on their time-frequency localization, to quantify the components, and to synthesize new sounds from the selected components. The new tools will be presented in a non-mathematical way illustrated by two real-life sound quality problems, extracting the impulsive components of a windshield wiper sound, and analyzing a door closing-induced rattle.
Scholl, David, Yang, Barry
Acoustic Sources localization: Application to Wiper Aerodynamic Noises2003-01-17005/5/2003
The reduction of aerodynamic noise sources is today an important topic in automotive industry. In order to localize the different sources on the arm and blade, a 48 microphones acoustic antenna coupled with a software based on the beam-forming imaging method has been used. Obtained results are validated inside the car on track. Aerodynamic numerical simulations are compared to aerodynamic measurements. The turbulent kinetic energy distribution obtained from the simulations is then compared with measured sound sources localization maps: the results are presented and commented for two wiper configurations.
Sanon, Anne, Jallet, Sebastien
Development of a Wiper System with Piezoelectric Element for CCD Camera2003-01-02003/3/2003
We succeeded in creating of a very small wiper system for a CCD camera. The source of driving force of it is a vibration phenomenon of a piezoelectric element. In this paper, we will describe the structure and motion of our newly proposed wiper system and the fundamental motion of a piezoelectric element in it. And in order to clarify the driving principle, we carried out a theoretical analysis using the Principle of Hamilton. As a result, a driving mechanism was found, that is, when the blade displaces at a high angular velocity into one direction, the shaft rotates in the opposite direction. We were able to confirm the driving mechanism also by experiments.
Tsukui, Michio, Saito, Junichi, Suto, Kenji, Yoshizawa, Masatsugu, Maeda, Takeshi, Iwai, Riki, Takatsuka, Kohro
Flight Deck EnvironmentARP4101/4 (Historical)2/25/2003
This document is intended to specify the environmental conditions for transport aircraft necessary to permit the crew to perform their duties and functions in comfort, with minimum fatigue and no distraction. Environmental conditions should cause no short or long-term effects deleterious to health or physical well-being, nor significantly impair ability to perform normal or abnormal crew functions.
S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft
Benefits of Hydroformed Components for BIW Applications2002-01-20257/9/2002
Strategic aims of the automotive industry are the minimisation of the costs and the optimisation of its product's performances. Looking for alternative production processes to improve weight, parts reduction, strength characteristics and rigidity, hydroforming offers interesting technical and economic potentials. Traditionally used in exhaust and chassis applications, the use of hydroforming is now being rapidly extended to Body in White application, like structural reinforcements or closures frames. To take benefits both from the material and the process sides, a Spanish components supplier and major steelmaker have developed optimised turn-key solutions using advanced high strength steels combined with hydroforming. Some of these solutions on modules like the front-end module or back-doors and showing interesting performances in terms of weight lightening will be detailed, including description of the manufacturing process and comparative costs estimations.
Perarnau, Francesc, Tondo, Stéphane
Inverted Hindle Mount Reduces Sag of a Large, Precise MirrorTBMG-31024/1/2002
A mount has been devised to satisfy a requirement to suspend a highly precise, flat, circular, low-thermal-expansion glass mirror in a horizontal plane with its reflective side down while keeping the reflective mirror surface flat to within a peak-to-valley depth of less 50 nm. The difficulty of the suspension problem and the significance of the mount conceived as the solution of the problem arise from the large size and weight of the mirror (diameter 101.7 cm, thickness 18.8 cm, mass 385 kg).
Electric Windshield Washer Switch--Trucks, Buses, and Multipurpose VehiclesJ2348_200203 (Historical)3/6/2002
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes for trucks, buses, and multipurpose passenger vehicles with GVW of 4500 kg (10 000 lb) or greater: a. Minimum performance requirements for the switch for activating electric or electro-pneumatic windshield washer systems. b. Uniform test procedures that include those tests that can be conducted on uniform test equipment by commercially available laboratory facilities. The test procedures and minimum performance requirements, outlined in this document, are based on currently available engineering data. It is the intent that all portions of the document will be periodically reviewed and revised as additional data regarding windshield washing system performance is developed.
Truck and Bus Windshield Wipers and Climate Control Comm
Electric Windshield Wiper Switch--Trucks, Buses, and Multipurpose VehiclesJ2349_200203 (Historical)3/6/2002
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes for trucks, buses, and multipurpose vehicles with GVW of 4500 kg (10 000 lb) or greater: a. Minimum performance requirements for the switch for electrically powered or electro-pneumatically windshield wiping system. b. Uniform test procedures that include those tests that can be conducted on uniform test equipment by commercially available laboratory facilities. The test procedures and minimum performance requirements, outlined in this document are based on currently available engineering data. It is the intent that all portions of the document will be periodically reviewed and revised as additional data regarding windshield wiping system performance are developed.
Truck and Bus Windshield Wipers and Climate Control Comm
Electric Blower Motor Switch--Trucks, Buses, and Multipurpose VehiclesJ2350_200203 (Historical)3/6/2002
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes for trucks, buses, and multipurpose passenger vehicles with GVW of 4500 kg (10 000 lb) or greater: a. Minimum performance requirements for the electric blower motor switch. b. Uniform test procedures that include those tests that can be conducted on uniform test equipment by commercially available laboratory facilities.
Truck and Bus Windshield Wipers and Climate Control Comm
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