Browse Topic: Medical, health, and wellness

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Comprehensive research study examining Tyre wear and its Indian perspective.2026-26-06041/16/2026
Automobile emissions refer to the gases and particles released into the atmosphere by vehicles during their operation. These emissions contribute to environmental pollution and have an impact on human health and the environment. This paper assimilates findings from a comprehensive research study examining tyre wear and its Indian perspective. Tyre wear understood as a factor affecting road safety, environmental health, and economic sustainability. The study identifies factors affecting tyre wear and provides overview regarding tyre wear generation in India, encompassing road infrastructure, vehicle characteristics, driving patterns, and environmental factors. Moreover, it examines the adverse effects of these particles on human health, such as respiratory ailments and cardiovascular diseases, as well as their impact on ecosystems. This paper delves measures to measure tyre wear and safeguard both environmental and public health. It also covers the tyre wear measurement methodologies to
Joshi, Amol, Khairatkar, Vyankatesh, Belavadi Venkataramaiah, Shamsundara
Beyond ATD Dummies-Investigating Pelvic Locking and Torso Kinematics Using Human Body Models in Frontal Impact Scenarios2026-26-00021/16/2026
Occupant Safety systems are usually developed using anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs), such as the Hybrid III, THOR-50M, ES-2, and WorldSID. However, in compliance with NCAP and regulatory guidelines, these ATDs are designed for specific crash scenarios, typically frontal and side impacts involving upright occupants. As vehicles evolve (e.g., autonomous layouts, diverse occupant populations), ATDs are proving increasingly inadequate for capturing real-world injury mechanisms. This has led to the adoption of computational Human Body Models (HBMs), such as the Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHBMC) and Total Human Model for Safety (THUMS), which offer superior anatomical fidelity, variable anthropometry, active muscle behaviour modelling, and improved postural flexibility. HBMs can predict internal injuries that ATDs cannot, making them valuable tools for future vehicle safety development. This study uses a sled CAE simulation environment to analyze the kinematics of the HBMs
Raj, Pavan, Rao, Guruprakash, Pendurthi, Chaitanya Sagar, Nehe, Vaibhav, Chavan, Avinash
Occupant Kinematics and injuries during high speed side impacts: An analysis of ARAI data 2016-20242026-26-00271/16/2026
The objective of the present study was to examine trends in occupant kinematics and injuries during side impact tests carried out on vehicle models over the period of time . Head, shoulder, torso, spine, and pelvis kinematic responses are analyzed for driver dummy in high speed side impacts for vehicle model years, MY2016-2024. Automotive Research Association of India side impact crash data is examined. The test procedure involved a 50.0 km/h moving deformable barrier (MDB) impacting the sides of stationary vehicles. Instrumented 50th-percentile male EURO SID-2 dummy was positioned in the driver seat. Occupant kinematics data, including head accelerations, Head Injury Criterion (HIC15), Torso deflections at thorax and abdominal ribs, spine accelerations at T12, and pelvis accelerations were evaluated and compared. The “peak” and “time to- peak” responses were compared across different vehicle model years. The effect of delta-V, vehicle MY, on occupant kinematics was examined. For
Mishra, Satish, Borse, Tanmay, Kulkarni, Dileep, Mahajan, Rahul, jain, aayushman
An Innovative Crash Sensing System Architecture for Robust functionality of Safety restraints in different Challenging Real World Accident scenarios2026-26-00171/16/2026
Title: An Innovative Crash Sensing System Architecture for Robust functionality of Safety restraints in different Challenging Real World Accident scenarios. Authors: Sunil Kovalam, Harihara Sudhan, Praveen Bansode and Sanjay Gaddamwar Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd Abstract: In the emerging markets especially like India and other similar countries, growing traffic density on the roads leading to different kind of accident types including head on collision, rear end collision, side impact collision and accidents involving with pedestrians or cyclists or two wheelers etc. These accidents could be due to over-speeding, distracted driving and inadequate road infrastructure. Providing necessary safety restraints system (Airbags and Seat belts) and its robust functionality in different real world accident scenarios will be a challenging to vehicle manufactures. It is a high time to redefine the traditional crash sensing architecture strategies with logical approach based on the thorough study of
KOVALAM, SUNIL KUMAR
Thoracic Injury Mechanisms Due to Front Seatback–Rear Seat Pan Interaction in Severe Rear-Impact Collisions2026-26-00051/16/2026
Severe rear-impact collisions can cause significant intrusion into the occupant compartment when the structural integrity of the rear survival space is insufficient. Intrusion patterns are influenced by impact configuration—underride, in-line, or override—with underride collisions channeling forces below the beltline through the rear wheels as a primary load path. This force concentration rapidly propels the rear seat-pan forward, contacting the rearward-rotating front seatback. The resulting bottoming-out phenomenon produces a forward impulse that amplifies loading on the front occupant’s upper torso, increasing the risk of thoracic injury even when the head is properly supported by the head restraint. This study analyzes a real-world rear-impact collision that resulted in fatal thoracic injuries to the driver, attributed to the interaction between the driver’s seatback and the forward-moving rear seat pan. A vehicle-to-vehicle crash test was conducted to replicate similar intrusion
Thorbole, Chandrashekhar
Study of real time impact on automotive cabin Air Quality due to the ambient air pollution in the severely polluted city2026-26-05311/16/2026
This study investigates the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 inside an automobile under real-world driving conditions in Delhi, one of the most polluted cities globally. India faces severe air pollution challenges in many cities, including Delhi, which are consistently ranking among the most polluted cities in the world. Major contributors to this pollution include vehicular emissions, industrial activities, construction dust, and biomass burning. Exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 has been linked to numerous adverse health effects, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, aggravated asthma, decreased lung function, and premature mortality. PM2.5 particles, being smaller, can penetrate deeper into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream, causing more severe health issues. In big cities like Delhi, long driving times exacerbate exposure to these pollutants, as commuters spend extended periods in traffic. Measurements were taken both inside and outside the vehicle to assess the real
Gupta, Rajat, Pimpalkar, Ankit, Patel, Abhishek, Rajaur, Deepak, Kumar, Shubham, Joshi, Rishi, Kumar, Mukesh
Adaptive Restraints for Equitable protection.2026-26-00151/16/2026
Real-world crashes involve diverse occupants, but traditional restraint systems are designed for a limited range of body types considering the applicable regulations and protocols. While conventional restraints are effective for homogeneous occupant profiles, these systems often underperform in real-world scenarios with diverse demographics, including variations in age, gender, and body morphology. This study addresses this critical gap by evaluating adaptive restraint systems aligned with the forthcoming EURO NCAP 2026 protocols, which emphasize real-world crash diversity and occupant inclusivity. Through digital studies of frontal impact scenarios, we analyse biomechanical responses using adaptive restraints across varied occupant demographics, focusing on head and chest injury (e.g., Head Injury Criterion [HIC] and Chest Compression Criterion [CC]). This study used a Design of Experiments (DOE) approach to optimize occupant protection by timing the activation of these adaptive
satija, Anshul, Suryawanshi, Yuvraj, Chavan, Avinash, Rao, Guruprakash
Machine learning model to predict Chest Injury during Thorax Impact on Human Body Models2026-26-06651/16/2026
In recent years, virtual models have been handy in predicting potential injury risk to occupants in vehicle crashes. Virtual models offer detailing of occupant anthropometry and closest possible bio-fidelity over existing test devices. This study focuses on the assessment of chest deflections in frontal thorax impacts using virtual human body models of a few anthropometries and transforming the assessment of injuries of broader range of anthropometries (population). The study utilizes machine learning models to enable injury assessment across a broader range of body types. The study has taken a standard test scenario (Kroell load case) having frontal blunt thoracic impact. The load case is replicated in LS-DYNA and finite element human body models (HBMC) of 05th Female and 50th Male are used. The simulation setup replicates the boundary conditions as per literature, the responses necessary to measure chest deflection were validated & recorded. The outputs from the simulations and data
Sridhar, Raam, Arya, Bibhu, Divakar, Prajwal, R, Udhaya Kumar, Bhutki, Prasad, Kumar PhD, Devendra, Kurkuri, Mahendra, Mohan PhD, Pradeep
An Outer Waist Seal with Integrated Glass Wiping Mechanism for a Window Frame of a Vehicle2026-26-00111/16/2026
This innovation addresses a major safety concern where drivers experience poor visibility of the Outside Rear View Mirror due to rain, fog, dust, or ice accumulation on the side door window glass. Existing solutions like hydrophobic coatings and heated door window glasses offer limited effectiveness, leading to the need for a more reliable and efficient system. To solve this issue, we have modified Outer Waist Seal by integrating Glass Wiping Mechanism in it. The Outer Waist Seal is a weatherproof strip located at the bottom edge of a vehicle’s side window, attached to the door panel. It prevents heavy water flow, dust, and debris from entering the door cavity while also supporting the window glass during its movement. This system features a stationary fixed arm and a rotating arm with an attached wiper blade, driven by a low-speed, high-torque motor and connected with the vehicle's Body Control Module. Upon activation, the rotating arm with blade wipes the Outside Rear View Mirror
Neelam, Rajat, Chowdhury, Ashok, Panchal, Girish, Kumar, Saurav
Design and Validation of a Collapsible Brake Pedal System for Lower-Leg Protection in Frontal Impacts2026-26-05001/16/2026
Indian Passenger car accident data indicates that approximately 44% of crashes are frontal impacts. Among the injuries sustained in these crashes, lower leg injuries are notably critical, contributing to nearly 25% of driver occupant injuries. To evaluate such injuries, the Bharat New Car Assessment Program (BNCAP) includes lower leg injury metrics as part of the Frontal Offset Deformable Barrier (ODB64) test. While the overall injury performance is assessed at the vehicle level, BNCAP also monitors vehicle interior intrusions—particularly pedal intrusions—as key contributors to lower limb injury severity. A major challenge in frontal crashes is the intrusion of the vehicle's front-end structure into the occupant compartment. Rigid components, particularly the brake pedal assembly, can be displaced rearward during a crash, significantly increasing the risk of lower leg injuries. Therefore, minimizing pedal intrusions into the driver footwell is critical to enhancing lower leg
Shetti, Rahul R., Kudale, Shailesh, Naik, Nagaraj, Bisen, Badal, Kotak, Vijay, Dudhewar, Swapnil Dudhewar, Bhagat, Amit, Durgaprasad, HNV
Decision-fatigue mitigation in Automotive HMI System2026-26-06521/16/2026
Abstract - With advent of digital displays in driver cabins in commercial vehicles, the drivers are getting offered with many features. Due to availability of vast number of features, drivers face decision fatigue in choosing the appropriate features. Many are unaware of all available functionalities displayed in the HMI System, leading to a bare minimum usage or complete neglect of helpful features. This not only affects the driving efficiency but also increases cognitive load, especially in complex driving scenarios. Instead of manually choosing between multiple settings, the driver can simply activate a recommendation mode, allowing the system to optimize selections dynamically. Novelty of this proposal focuses on introducing Intelligence in HMI Systems in such a way that it will maximize the usage index and reduce decision fatigue in drivers. To achieve this, an AI-driven recommendation system is introduced, based on User Customization and Adaptive Learning Model along with ML
K, Sunil, Dhoot, Disha
Q-Series Child Dummy FE model development and validation for child occupant safety assessment in Automotive crashes2026-26-03901/16/2026
The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH), Government of India has established BHARAT NCAP to provide a fair, meaningful, and objective assessment of the crash safety performance of cars. This program evaluates vehicles across three key areas, including Child Occupant Protection (COP). A critical component of the COP assessment involves dynamic testing using Q-series child dummies representing a 1½-year-old (Q1.5) and a 3-year-old child (Q3). As per the BHARAT NCAP protocol these dummies are placed in the second-row outboard seating position within Child Restraint Systems (CRSs) and subjected to two primary dynamic impact tests: Offset Deformable Barrier (ODB) conducted at speed of 64 km/hr. and Mobile Deformable Barrier (MDB) Side Impact tests conducted at 50 km/hr. The dynamic assessment of these child dummies is primarily focused on the head, neck, and chest regions to evaluate the effectiveness of the CRSs and overall vehicle safety system in protecting young occupants
Khopekar, Maria, Lakshminarayana, Apoorva, Mohan, Pradeep, Kurkuri, Mahendra
Artificially Intelligent Rapid Rescue Vehicle System2026-26-06421/16/2026
human lifestyle. The automotive industry plays a crucial role as travel is an integral part of human lifestyle. This indeed has increased the need and demand for automotive domain to step ahead with technology and innovations. Especially, related to ADAS features and AI/ML based algorithms to provide comfort, safety, and many other factors for the consumers. The busy life of human beings has shown increased rate of many health-related issues like stress, anxiety, heart attacks, blood pressure, accidents etc. The existing system in vehicles detects health emergencies and triggers SOS to the emergency service center. However, several catastrophic events occur due to delayed information, thus there is a need for a proactive solution that combines technology and human safety. In this work, we have investigated the different methods which detect the health issues of occupants in a vehicle by monitoring their stress level, heart rate, blood pressure etc., We propose a solution which helps to
Eswarappa, Asha, Nagaraj, Chaitra, Mudassir, Syed
Observers for Laser Safety in the Navigable AirspaceARP5535B (Current)11/26/2025
This document applies to safety observers or spotters involved with the use of outdoor laser systems. It may be used in conjunction with SAE Aerospace Standard (AS4970) “Human Factors Considerations for Outdoor Laser Operations in the Navigable Airspace.” Additional control measures may be applicable and are listed in ANSI Z136.6.
G10T Laser Safety Hazards Committee
Full-Body Haptic Cueing for Augmented Pilot Perception in Position/Velocity Tracking TasksF-0081-2025-01365/20/2025
This paper investigates the use of multi-modal cueing through full-body haptic feedback to enhance pilot-vehicle system (PVS) performance, reduce mental workload (MWL), and increase situational awareness (SA) in both good and degraded visual environments (GVE/DVE). Piloted simulations were conducted using an H-60-like flight dynamics model in a virtual reality (VR) motion-based simulator, evaluating two ADS-33-like mission task elements (MTEs) – precision hover and slalom – under visual-only and combined visual and haptic feedback conditions in both GVE and DVE. The H-60 flight dynamics were augmented with a dynamic inversion (DI)- based stability augmentation system (SAS), implementing rate-command/attitude hold (RCAH) response type on the roll, pitch, and yaw axes and altitude hold response type on the vertical axis. The SAS was designed to achieve Level 1 handling qualities per ADS-33 standards. The full-body haptic cueing strategy leveraged an outer-loop DI control law, which
Morcos, Michael T., Saetti, Umberto, Geiger, Derek H., Kubik, Stephen T., Breed, Adam R., Crane, Clifton J., Luzzani, Gabriele, Fischer, Madeline R., Jun, Dogyu, Gary, Evan
A Study of Brain Dynamics in Simulated Piloting Tracking TasksF-0081-2025-03445/20/2025
A study of mental workload and the resultant cognitive-motor behavior is essential to understanding the intrinsic limitations of the human information processing system, the results of which have impact on the design of safety-critical systems. While the effects of increased task demand on mental workload and the quality of cognitive-motor performance has been previously investigated, it remains unclear how system controllability (i.e., expected handling qualities) impacts perceptual workload and performance. Furthermore, traditional EEG spectral metrics lack the temporal specificity to capture dynamic workload. Consequently, the purpose of this experiment was to examine objective brain dynamics, task performance, and subjective ratings during piloting tracking tasks of varying complexity while also challenging participants with different expected levels of handling qualities. Our results revealed a trend suggestive of increasing mental workload related to increased task complexity and
Hatfield, Bradley
SAE TOMORROW TODAY - How Autonomy is Breathing New Life into Farming135155/16/2025
Labor shortages are pushing many family farms to the brink. The solution? Autonomous technology which is emerging as a game-changer--boosting productivity, cutting risk, and giving family farms a fighting chance to thrive for generations to come. At the forefront of this transformation is Blue River Technology, a John Deere subsidiary leading the charge in precision agriculture. From AI-driven tools to autonomous machinery, the company is helping to build the future of farming the John Deere way, meeting farmers in the field and designing solutions grounded in real-world challenges. With safety and scalability built in, farmers can start small with retrofit kits that upgrade existing tractors, making automation more accessible than ever. To learn more, we caught up with Aaron Wells, Director of Engineering at Blue River, to explore how automation is transforming agriculture and giving farmers the tools they need to stay ahead--despite labor challenges. We'd love to hear from you. Share
Hineman, Marcie
Prediction Method of Strength Robustness Affected by Arc Welding Sectional Dimensions2024-32-00384/18/2025
The arc welding process is essential for motorcycle frames, which are difficult to form in one piece because of their complex shapes, because a single frame has dozens of joints. Many of the damaged parts of the frames under development are from welds. Predicting the strength of welds with high reliability is important to ensure that development proceeds without any rework. In developing frames, CAE is utilized to build up strength before prototyping. Detailed weld shapes are not applicable to FE models of frames because weld shapes vary widely depending on welding conditions. Even if CAE is performed on such an FE model and the evaluation criteria are satisfied, the model may fail in the actual vehicle, possibly due to the difference between CAE and actual weld bead geometry. Therefore, we decided to study the extent to which the stresses in the joint vary with the variation of the weld bead geometry. Morphing, a FE modeling method and design of experiment method, was utilized to
Hada, Yusuke, Sugita, Hisayuki
A Haptic Patch Can Transmit Complex Information to a Wearer’s SkinTBMG-5224812/12/2024
4D Printing of Shape Memory PolymersTBMG-5219112/1/2024
Researchers have successfully demonstrated the four-dimensional (4D) printing of shape memory polymers in submicron dimensions that are comparable to the wavelength of visible light. 4D printing enables 3D-printed structures to change their configurations over time and is used in a variety of fields such as soft robotics, flexible electronics, and medical devices.
Precision Robotics Offers Hope for Heart Disease TreatmentTBMG-5216512/1/2024
The Hospital for Sick Children/University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
Factors and Requirements for Adhesive Selection in Medical Devices, Part 1TBMG-5214912/1/2024
The global medical device market is projected to reach a value of $656 billion USD by 2032 with a CAGR of 3 percent over the coming decade.1 The preceding decades of globalization and increased prosperity has provided advancement in both medical technology and access to advanced medical care for a greater proportion of the world’s population. Further, an aging population in North America, Europe, and parts of Asia will increase the need for healthcare-related services and medical devices in the coming decades. At present, the North America market continues to dominate the industry, accounting for approximately 43 percent of the market’s revenue share; however, markets in the Asia-Pacific region have the highest expected growth rates in the coming decades.1 Growth and innovation in the medical device market will be critical in the years to come.
Maximizing the Potential of TPU Extrusion in Medical Tubing ApplicationsTBMG-5216412/1/2024
Whether for vascular catheters or implantable devices, medical tubing must meet tough standards for flexibility, strength, and biocompatibility. That’s why more manufacturers are turning to thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) that strike the ideal balance between these key properties, making them an excellent choice for high-performance medical tubing. Unlocking the best that TPUs have to offer means optimizing the extrusion process. This article looks at why TPUs are a top pick, the common obstacles in extrusion, and the ways manufacturers can fine-tune their process to get the most out of different grades.
Lifesaving Spongelike ‘Bandage’ Rapidly Stops HemorrhagingTBMG-5216812/1/2024
University of Central Florida Orlando, FL
Advancing Implantable Medical Device Reliability with Enhanced Laser Joining TechnologyTBMG-5217712/1/2024
Solvent-Free 3D Printing Material Could Enable Biodegradable ImplantsTBMG-5216712/1/2024
Duke University Durham, NC
Bio-Ink for 3D PrintingTBMG-5218912/1/2024
Biomedical engineers have developed a “bio-ink” for 3D-printed materials that could serve as scaffolds for growing human tissues to repair or replace damaged ones in the body. Bioengineered tissues show promise in regenerative, precision, and personalized medicine; product development; and basic research, especially with the advent of 3D printing of biomaterials that could serve as scaffolds or temporary structures to grow tissues.
THE ARMY’S NEED FOR COGNITIVE ENGINEERING2024-01-310811/15/2024
ABSTRACT Imagine Soldiers reacting to an unpredictable, dynamic, stressful situation on the battlefield. How those Soldiers think about the information presented to them by the system or other Soldiers during this situation – and how well they translate that into thinking into effective behaviors – is critical to how well they perform. Importantly, those thought processes (i.e., cognition) interact with both external (e.g., the size of the enemy force, weather) and internal (e.g., ability to communicate, personality, fatigue level) factors. The complicated nature of these interactions can have dramatic and unexpected consequences, as is seen in the analysis of military and industrial disasters, such as the shooting down of Iran Air flight 655, or the partial core meltdown on Three Mile Island. In both cases, decision makers needed to interact with equipment and personnel in a stressful, dynamic, and uncertain environment. Similarly, the complex and dynamic nature of the contemporary
McDowell, Kaleb, Zywiol, Harry J.
Developing Customer Loss Function for Door Opening Angle in Passenger Cars: Balancing the Ergonomic Performance between “Entry/Exit (Ingress/Egress) Accommodation” and Door Reachability15-17-03-00147/27/2024
Abstract Occupant packaging is one of the key tasks involved in the early architectural phase of a vehicle. Accommodation, as a convention, is generally considered related to a car’s interior. Typical roominess metrics of the occupant like hip room, shoulder room, and elbow room are defined with the door in its closed condition. Several other roominess metrics like knee room, leg room, head room, and the like are also specified. While all the guidelines are defined with doors in their closed condition, it is also important to consider the dynamics that exist while the occupant is entering the vehicle. This article expands the traditional understanding of occupant accommodation beyond conventionally considering the vehicle interior’s ability to accommodate anthropometry. It broadens the scope to include dynamic conditions, such as when doors are opened, providing a more realistic and practical perspective. As a luxury car manufacturer, it is important to ensure the best overall customer
Rajakumaran, Sriram, Sreenivas, Kalyan
That Others May Live: The Courageous Story of MASH Helicopter Detachments during the Korean War, 1950-1953F-0080-2024-00435/7/2024
Prior to 1950, use of the helicopter for evacuation was extremely limited, as military top brass often considered it a worthless contraption; thus, rescue was uncertain at best for downed pilots and wounded soldiers stranded behind enemy lines. However, this all changed in Korea, where twelve U.S. Army helicopters from three detachments, working in tandem with seven, newly created Mobile Army Surgical Hospital (MASH) units, would fundamentally change the Army's medical-evacuation doctrine forever. Using several models of the Bell H-13, the Hiller H-23, and the Sikorsky H-5 and H-19, this small band of courageous pilots pushed themselves and their aircraft to their limits, transporting 21,212 critically wounded soldiers for life-saving surgery to various MASH units, cutting the fatality rate from World War II in half. Adopting the 3rd Air Rescue Squadron's motto, "That Others May Live," these pilots and their helicopters were affectionately known to the wounded as "Angels of Mercy."
Fardink, Paul
A Comprehensive Survey of Foot-Operated Steering Systems for Individuals with Upper Limb Disabilities: A Literature Review2023-01-51872/23/2024
A significant portion of the global population about 13.6% of the world's population faces challenges due to upper limb disabilities caused by accidents, genetics, health issues or aging. These people struggle with everyday mobility tasks and often need help. Hence, the research is focused on creating special vehicle control systems to help them. This study gathers knowledge from various science and technology fields to develop foot-operated steering systems letting those with upper limb differences control vehicles with their feet. The research explores various technologies like modified steering, brain-controlled vehicles, foot-operated steering, steer-by-wire and Ackermann steering. Most of these systems are custom-made for people with upper limb differences. Ensuring safety, security, malfunction prevention, precise steering, user-friendliness and affordability is a significant challenge that demands advanced technology. Furthermore, there is a requirement to develop this system to
Soundararajan, R., Babu, N., Ashoka Vardhanan, P., Shijo Joseph, C.S.
Seatback Failures and Human Tolerance in Severe Rear Impacts2024-26-00031/16/2024
Seatback and head restraints is the primary restraining device in rear-impact collisions. The seatback failures expose front seat occupants to dive deep into the rear compartment survival space. Furthermore, it allows the occupants to get in a position with lower spinal tolerance to the impact direction. This paper employs sled tests to demonstrate the dangers of seatback failures in severe rear impact by allowing the occupants to orient their spine in its lowest tolerance zone to the impact direction. Furthermore, the sled test shows the potential of head pocketing phenomena and torso augmentation producing compressive cervical spine loading enough to cause first-order neck buckling. Finally, the results of collapsing seatback dynamics are compared to the strong seatback performance by conducting a similar test with a strong ABTS seatback. The study demonstrates that the strong seatbacks in severe rear impacts produce favorable outcomes while keeping the occupant in their higher
Thorbole, Chandrashekhar
Effectiveness of the Load Legs in Enhancing the Passive Safety of Rear-Facing Child Seats in Frontal Crash2024-26-03431/16/2024
The passive safety performance of a child seat is modulated by the design features of the child seat and the vehicle interior. For example, in the rear-facing configuration, the child seat impacting front structures increases the head injury risk during a frontal crash. Therefore, this study evaluates the effectiveness of the load leg countermeasure in improving the child seat's overall kinematics and its capability to prevent the secondary impact on the vehicle interior structure in a severe frontal crash scenario. An in-depth, real-world crash investigation involving a properly installed rear-facing child seat impacting the center console is selected for the study where the infant sustained a severe brain injury. In addition, this crash is employed to choose the crash parameters for evaluating the effectiveness of the load leg countermeasure in a similar scenario. Finally, crash sled tests are conducted using the crash signature of the vehicle as obtained from the NHTSA NCAP rigid
Thorbole, Chandrashekhar
Importance of Pole Side Impact Test for Assessment of Curtain Airbags2024-26-00191/16/2024
Government of India, in 2017, mandated a Side Impact Test (AIS 099 technically aligned to UN ECE Regulation No. 95.03 series of amendments) on M1 category Passenger Vehicles to ensure protection of occupants in lateral impact accident scenarios. Later, in 2022, a draft notification has been issued by the Government mandating installation of 6 airbags (2 No.of thorax side airbags, 2 No. of head protection or curtain airbags in addition to already mandated installation of Driver and Passenger Airbags) in all such passenger vehicles. However, the vehicles fitted with side thorax airbag and curtain airbags are proposed to be assessed as per AIS099 test only. Curtain Airbags are typically installed to protect occupant’s head from severe injuries in narrow object impacts simulated in Pole Side Impact Test Configurations. However, at present, India has not notified an equivalent standard to UN R135 demanding performance of the vehicle in pole side impact scenarios. Typically, OEMs may need to
Jaju, Divyan, Kulkarni, Dileep, Mahindrakar, Rahul, Mahajan, Rahul
A Molecular-Sized, More Efficient Electronic SensorTBMG-498131/1/2024
Australian researchers have developed a molecular-sized, more efficient version of a widely used electronic sensor, in a breakthrough that could bring widespread benefits.
Soft Robotic System for Brain SurgeryTBMG-497771/1/2024
Researchers have laid the groundwork for a soft robotic tool and control system that could grant surgeons an unprecedented degree of maneuverability within the brain. A recent study demonstrates that the new system is both intuitive and highly accurate. The early results suggest that, with further development, the robot could one day speed up and improve the efficacy of minimally invasive surgeries for life-threatening brain aneurysms and other serious conditions.
Sensors Measure Uric Acid LevelsTBMG-497791/1/2024
Researchers have invented sensor-based noninvasive medical devices to make the monitoring and treatment of certain physiological and psychological conditions timelier and more precise.
Navigating Evolving Vehicle NVH Challenges with Application of Emerging Technologies in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning2025-01-01305/5/2023
The multifaceted, fast-paced evolution in the automotive industry includes noise and vibration (NVH) behavior of products for regulatory requirements and ever-increasing customer preferences and expectations for comfort. There is pressing need for automotive engineers to explore new and advanced technologies to achieve a ‘First Time Right’ product development approach for NVH design and deliver high-quality products in shorter timeframes. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are trending transformative technologies reshaping numerous industries. AI enables machines to replicate human cognitive functions, such as reasoning and decision-making, while ML, a branch of AI, employs algorithms that allow systems to learn and improve from data over time. The purpose of the paper is to show an approach of using machine learning techniques to analyze the impact of variations in structural design parameters on vehicle NVH responses. The study begins by executing the Design of
Miskin, Atul R., Parmar, Azan, Raj, Sonia, himakuntla, Uma Maheswar
A novel framework for accelerating EDU NVH simulation using scalable transfer functions and evaluating manufacturing defects through space order excitation2025-01-00445/5/2023
In the ultra-luxury vehicle segment, achieving optimal NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) performance across a growing range of load cases in drive and regeneration conditions presents significant engineering challenges. As the complexity of load cases escalates with varying torque ripple and transmission errors, traditional time and frequency-domain simulations become computationally inefficient. To address these challenges, an in-house software framework that employs Noise Transfer Functions (NTFs) and Vibration Transfer Functions (VTFs) is developed. The system’s dynamic response is computed once and scaled to various excitation sources, which includes radial and tangential forces derived from EMAG simulations, and gear forces derived from MBS simulation. Speed sweep simulation is performed to systematically characterize the RPM range, allowing for precise scaling of the transfer function against the original forces to obtain the responses in mounts or microphones. The resulting
Sureshkumar, Sanjai, Shaw, Stephen, Qureshi, Manucher, Duclaux de L'Estoille, Nicolas
Keys to NVH Engineering Success You Won’t Learn in School2025-01-00725/5/2023
Based on 44 years of NVH engineering experience, there are some keys to success that aren’t taught in engineering schools. This paper will describe these in detail and provide examples to add context. The keys are: 1. A good generalist makes a better expert. The more you understand about the complete product development process, and the better contacts you have throughout the product development organization, the easier it will be for you to find cost effective solutions to your specific issues. 2. Know your customers, and that means both internal and external customers. If you work for a supplier, it means OEMs and end users. The more you understand about the customers’ needs, the better you can address them and make your product stand out. 3. Make a crazy idea practical. Sometimes you might find a completely insane solution to your problem, such as making a major component out of solid gold. If you can use the insight gained from the insane solution to develop a practical solution
Reinhart, Thomas
Study on Influencing Factors of Hippocampal Injury in Closed Head Impact Experiments of Rats Using Orthogonal Experimental Design Method2023-01-00014/11/2023
The hippocampus plays a crucial role in brain function and is one of the important areas of concern in closed head injury. Hippocampal injury is related to a variety of factors including the strength of mechanical load, animal age, and helmet material. To investigate the order of these factors on hippocampal injury, a three-factor, three-level experimental protocol was established using the L(3) orthogonal table. A closed head injury experiment regarding impact strength (0.3MPa, 0.5MPa, 0.7MPa), rat age (eight- week-old, ten-week-old, twelve-week-old), and helmet material (steel, plastic, rubber) were achieved by striking the rat's head with a pneumatic-driven impactor. The number of hippocampal CA3 cells was used as an evaluation indicator. The contribution of factors to the indicators and the confidence level were obtained by analysis of variance. The results showed that impact strength was the main factor affecting hippocampal injury (contribution of 89.2%, confidence level 0.01
Wang, Peng, Song, Xuewei, Zhu, Xiyan, Qiu, Jinlong, Yang, Shuaijun, Zhao, Hui
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