Browse Topic: Psychiatry and psychology

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An Innovative Crash Sensing System Architecture for Robust functionality of Safety restraints in different Challenging Real World Accident scenarios2026-26-00171/16/2026
Title: An Innovative Crash Sensing System Architecture for Robust functionality of Safety restraints in different Challenging Real World Accident scenarios. Authors: Sunil Kovalam, Harihara Sudhan, Praveen Bansode and Sanjay Gaddamwar Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd Abstract: In the emerging markets especially like India and other similar countries, growing traffic density on the roads leading to different kind of accident types including head on collision, rear end collision, side impact collision and accidents involving with pedestrians or cyclists or two wheelers etc. These accidents could be due to over-speeding, distracted driving and inadequate road infrastructure. Providing necessary safety restraints system (Airbags and Seat belts) and its robust functionality in different real world accident scenarios will be a challenging to vehicle manufactures. It is a high time to redefine the traditional crash sensing architecture strategies with logical approach based on the thorough study of
KOVALAM, SUNIL KUMAR
Decision-fatigue mitigation in Automotive HMI System2026-26-06521/16/2026
Abstract - With advent of digital displays in driver cabins in commercial vehicles, the drivers are getting offered with many features. Due to availability of vast number of features, drivers face decision fatigue in choosing the appropriate features. Many are unaware of all available functionalities displayed in the HMI System, leading to a bare minimum usage or complete neglect of helpful features. This not only affects the driving efficiency but also increases cognitive load, especially in complex driving scenarios. Instead of manually choosing between multiple settings, the driver can simply activate a recommendation mode, allowing the system to optimize selections dynamically. Novelty of this proposal focuses on introducing Intelligence in HMI Systems in such a way that it will maximize the usage index and reduce decision fatigue in drivers. To achieve this, an AI-driven recommendation system is introduced, based on User Customization and Adaptive Learning Model along with ML
K, Sunil, Dhoot, Disha
Full-Body Haptic Cueing for Augmented Pilot Perception in Position/Velocity Tracking TasksF-0081-2025-01365/20/2025
This paper investigates the use of multi-modal cueing through full-body haptic feedback to enhance pilot-vehicle system (PVS) performance, reduce mental workload (MWL), and increase situational awareness (SA) in both good and degraded visual environments (GVE/DVE). Piloted simulations were conducted using an H-60-like flight dynamics model in a virtual reality (VR) motion-based simulator, evaluating two ADS-33-like mission task elements (MTEs) – precision hover and slalom – under visual-only and combined visual and haptic feedback conditions in both GVE and DVE. The H-60 flight dynamics were augmented with a dynamic inversion (DI)- based stability augmentation system (SAS), implementing rate-command/attitude hold (RCAH) response type on the roll, pitch, and yaw axes and altitude hold response type on the vertical axis. The SAS was designed to achieve Level 1 handling qualities per ADS-33 standards. The full-body haptic cueing strategy leveraged an outer-loop DI control law, which
Morcos, Michael T., Saetti, Umberto, Geiger, Derek H., Kubik, Stephen T., Breed, Adam R., Crane, Clifton J., Luzzani, Gabriele, Fischer, Madeline R., Jun, Dogyu, Gary, Evan
A Study of Brain Dynamics in Simulated Piloting Tracking TasksF-0081-2025-03445/20/2025
A study of mental workload and the resultant cognitive-motor behavior is essential to understanding the intrinsic limitations of the human information processing system, the results of which have impact on the design of safety-critical systems. While the effects of increased task demand on mental workload and the quality of cognitive-motor performance has been previously investigated, it remains unclear how system controllability (i.e., expected handling qualities) impacts perceptual workload and performance. Furthermore, traditional EEG spectral metrics lack the temporal specificity to capture dynamic workload. Consequently, the purpose of this experiment was to examine objective brain dynamics, task performance, and subjective ratings during piloting tracking tasks of varying complexity while also challenging participants with different expected levels of handling qualities. Our results revealed a trend suggestive of increasing mental workload related to increased task complexity and
Hatfield, Bradley
THE ARMY’S NEED FOR COGNITIVE ENGINEERING2024-01-310811/15/2024
ABSTRACT Imagine Soldiers reacting to an unpredictable, dynamic, stressful situation on the battlefield. How those Soldiers think about the information presented to them by the system or other Soldiers during this situation – and how well they translate that into thinking into effective behaviors – is critical to how well they perform. Importantly, those thought processes (i.e., cognition) interact with both external (e.g., the size of the enemy force, weather) and internal (e.g., ability to communicate, personality, fatigue level) factors. The complicated nature of these interactions can have dramatic and unexpected consequences, as is seen in the analysis of military and industrial disasters, such as the shooting down of Iran Air flight 655, or the partial core meltdown on Three Mile Island. In both cases, decision makers needed to interact with equipment and personnel in a stressful, dynamic, and uncertain environment. Similarly, the complex and dynamic nature of the contemporary
McDowell, Kaleb, Zywiol, Harry J.
Navigating Evolving Vehicle NVH Challenges with Application of Emerging Technologies in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning2025-01-01305/5/2023
The multifaceted, fast-paced evolution in the automotive industry includes noise and vibration (NVH) behavior of products for regulatory requirements and ever-increasing customer preferences and expectations for comfort. There is pressing need for automotive engineers to explore new and advanced technologies to achieve a ‘First Time Right’ product development approach for NVH design and deliver high-quality products in shorter timeframes. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are trending transformative technologies reshaping numerous industries. AI enables machines to replicate human cognitive functions, such as reasoning and decision-making, while ML, a branch of AI, employs algorithms that allow systems to learn and improve from data over time. The purpose of the paper is to show an approach of using machine learning techniques to analyze the impact of variations in structural design parameters on vehicle NVH responses. The study begins by executing the Design of
Miskin, Atul R., Parmar, Azan, Raj, Sonia, himakuntla, Uma Maheswar
SMART Manufacturing with Augmented Reality2022-26-12405/26/2022
Aircraft Manufacturing procedures are very critical and always required skillful engineer who need to follow different process and procedure during daily work. The challenge is not only to identify right tools and manuals but also to keep track of operator usage data and behavior. With Augmented reality, intelligent tools, and analytics we can provide a new lease of life to first-line assembly engineers. The objective is how AR can help us to reduce rework or scrap with the concept of Industry 4.0 were integrating with cutting edge technologies like machine learning, and the Internet of things to meet the fundamental requirements during manufacturing. Smart Manufacturing consists of four major components Cyber-physical systems, IoT, Cloud computing, and Cognitive computing. Integrating AR with IoT our objective is to achieve Cyber-physical systems connectivity and fill the gap between the smallest physical assets to be connected with digital infrastructure. It can help us to Increase
Sahu, Parimal
Wireless Smart Contact Lenses Detect DiseaseTBMG-455424/1/2022
Having diabetes means a lifelong obligation of insulin shots and monitoring of blood glucose levels. But a team of researchers has developed a way to control the secretion of insulin just by wearing contact lenses.
A Novel Method For Displaying Systems Datums Based On "Cognitive Load"2022-01-09693/29/2022
Operator attention has been a focus of human factors research. This research has defined how electronic devices and other stimuli can become distractions when included in the operator environment. Distracted driving occurs when a stimulus interrupts the essential cognitive processes of operating a vehicle. Attention is the most often mentioned of this loosely ordered sequence of processes that also includes perception, memory, cognition, and planful behaviors. These processes are the “cognitive demands” of vehicle operation. There is another issue, similar to “distracted driving,” that may cause an operator to fail to respond appropriately. That issue is the “cognitive load” of human-machine interface devices, including instrument clusters. The present paper explores the effects of cognitive load on the speed of operator responses. It describes a novel method for displaying systems datums that is designed to manage cognitive load. The paper describes a pilot study where participants
Havins, William
Quantum Explanations for Destructive Interference in Engineering Decision Making2022-01-02423/29/2022
Engineering practice routinely involves decision making under uncertainty. Much of this decision making entails reconciling multiple pieces of information. As more information is collected, one is expected to make better and better decisions. However, conditional probability assessments made by human decision makers, as new information arrives does not always follow expected trends and instead exhibits interference effects. Understanding such positive or negative interference of two or more information inputs is necessary for a better modeling of the cognitive processes taking place in the customer or the end user's mind. Doing so enhances the likelihood that better products and product features can be designed. Quantum probability has been used in the literature to explain many commonly observed deviations from classical probability. Some examples include: question order effect, response replicability effect, Machina and Ellsberg paradoxes. In this work, we present results from a
Pandey, Vijitashwa, Baiseva, Irina
Formal Process Modeling to Improve Human-Decision-Making During Test and Evaluation Range Control21AERP08_078/1/2021
Using the Innoslate software tool to formally model the process of conducting test range events can expose previously overlooked ambiguities and identify high-value decision points? Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California Acoustic range managers need a better system for identifying high-value decision points before conducting test events. When this research was conducted, a qualitative process model that represents the acoustic range decision process did not exist. This research focused on modeling the decision process of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC) Division, Keyport, underwater acoustic tracking range. The model had to be capable of replicating a simplified version of an event, so test planners can see the identification of high-value decision nodes and use this information to make better decisions regarding risk management and mitigation. Research focused on developing a basic understanding of the decision methods, developing an appropriate model, and then
Assessment of Augmented Operator's Mental Workload with Visual Assistive Technology in Simulated Rotorcraft Piloting TasksF-0077-2021-167425/10/2021
ABSTRACT
Lu, Calvin, Celi,  Roberto, Gentili,  Rodolphe, Hatfield,  Bradley, Oh,  Hyuk, Blanco, Justin, Mohlar,  Jessica, Vanleer,  Ann
Extracting Features from Driving Scenarios for Driving Workload Level Classification - A Case Study of Transfer Learning2021-01-01894/6/2021
In the stage of automobile industry transition from SAE level “0,1” low autonomous through “2,3,4” human-in-the-loop and ultimately “5” fully autonomous driving, advanced driving monitor system is critical to understand the status, performance, and behavior of drivers for next-generation intelligent vehicles. By making necessary warnings or adjustments, they could operate collaboratively to ensure a safe and efficient traffic environment. The performance and behavior can be viewed as a reflection of the driver’s cognitive workload, which corresponds as well to the environment of their driving scenarios. In this study, image features extracted from driving scenarios, as well as additional environmental features were utilized to classify driving workload levels for different driving scenario video clips. As a continuing study of exploring transfer learning capability, two transfer learning approaches for feature extraction, image segmentation mask transfer approach and image-fixation map
Liu, Yongkang, Hansen, John
Integrated Building Systems for Healthcare FacilitiesTBMG-386423/1/2021
When I think about integrated building systems, I jump to commercial buildings. But it occurred to me that healthcare facilities could be a very important application. To look into that, I interviewed Dwight Stewart, Founder and CTO, Igor, Inc. (West Des Moines, IA). Igor’s flagship product, Nexos, is a PoE-based IoT smart building platform that incorporates the hardware, software, and cloud analytics components to form a digital building 'backbone'.
Photoreceptor System for Melatonin Regulation and PhototherapyTBMG-385002/1/2021
Light is the primary stimulus for regulating circadian rhythms, seasonal cycles, and neuroendocrine responses in many species including humans. During the past 20 years, studies have tested the use of light for treating fall and winter depression (Seasonal Affective Disorder or SAD), non-seasonal depression, sleep disorders, menstrual dysfunction, and eating disorders. In addition, investigators are exploring the use of light for reentraining human circadian physiology relative to the challenge of shift work or intercontinental air travel.
Magnetic Brain Waves to Detect Injury and DiseaseTBMG-383251/1/2021
A new sensor measures weak magnetic signals in the brain, which has the potential to increase the understanding of connectivity in the brain and detect signs of traumatic brain injury, dementia, and schizophrenia. The optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) sensor uses polarized light to detect changes in the orientation of the spin of atoms when they are exposed to a magnetic field.
Products of Tomorrow: November 2020TBMG-3799611/1/2020
This column presents technologies that have applications in commercial areas, possibly creating the products of tomorrow. To learn more about each technology, see the contact information provided for that innovation.
Pupillometric Workload Measurement in the 360 Degree Integrated Cueing Environment (ICE)F-0076-2020-1642110/5/2020
This study is a part of an ongoing series of studies examining cueing modalities to circumvent the in-flight effects of degraded visual environments (DVEs) in a rotary wing aircraft. The suite of cueing modalities investigated include visual cueing symbology, auditory cueing, and tactile cueing. This study compared the use of combinations of these cueing modalities to find which resulted in the best performance and the least amount of workload required of the pilot. This specific paper focuses on the analysis of pupillometric data collected through video-based eye-tracking to measure cognitive workload. Results are discussed.
Hayes, Amanda, Feltman, Kathryn, Aura, Christopher
Sensing Eye Mask Captures Pulse, Sleep SignalsTBMG-3785410/1/2020
A new, lightweight eye mask can unobtrusively capture pulse, eye movement, and sleep signals, for example, when worn in an everyday environment.
Smart Sensors for Hazardous AreasTBMG-376639/1/2020
Smart wireless sensors for rotating machines are deployed in thousands of installations worldwide. But producing a cost-effective and easy-to-deploy sensor solution for motors and pumps operating in hazardous areas, is a challenge. These are areas where the presence of flammable vapor or gases requires special precautions to prevent the risk of explosion. The lack of such sensors has limited the range of machinery that could be remotely monitored and has left a huge gap in the ability to gain meaningful information on the health and performance of motors that operate equipment such as pumps, fans, and compressors. It has also resulted in an increased safety risk for operators who need to venture into hazardous areas of plants to carry out condition monitoring of equipment.
Smart Design: How to Develop Your Next Orthopedic Product During the COVID-19 PandemicTBMG-373478/1/2020
The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic has created uncertainty and delays in procedures, but hospitals and surgeons still need a steady supply of product, meaning that the orthopedics industry must keep innovating. One thing is certain, 2020 will be a turbulent year for procedure demand. Early on, analysts predicted that because many orthopedic procedures are elective, they would be postponed to help free up space for critically ill patients. While the recovery of orthopedic procedures has begun more quickly than analysts initially expected, it seems likely it will take longer than expected to reach full recovery as we look into 2021. June ordering patterns were already much higher than May, but the quicker recovery may indicate a second decline (W-shaped) versus a sharp decline followed by a quick recovery (V-shaped).
Wearable Brain Scanner for Whole Head ImagingTBMG-373638/1/2020
A new type of wearable brain scanner is revealing new possibilities for understanding and diagnosing mental illness after the technology has been expanded to scan the whole brain with millimeter accuracy.
New Device Quickly Detects Lithium Ions in Blood of Bipolar Disorder PatientsTBMG-372447/1/2020
A group of Hokkaido University researchers has developed a paper-based device that can easily and cheaply measure lithium ion concentration in blood, which could greatly help bipolar disorder patients.
Smart Contact Lens Diagnoses, Treats DiabetesTBMG-372377/1/2020
A research team has developed wirelessly driven smart contact lens technology that can detect diabetes and further treat diabetic retinopathy just by wearing them.
Drowsy Driver & Child Left Behind - Prevention via in Cabin CO 2 Sensing2020-01-05734/14/2020
Can one technical solution help prevent drowsy drivers and detect a child left behind? Yes, using a single, maintenance-free, Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR) gas sensor integrated in the cabin ventilation system. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an established proxy for ventilation needs in buildings. Recently, several studies have been published showing a moderate elevation of the indoor carbon dioxide level effect cognitive performance such as information usage, activity, focus and crisis response. A study of airplane pilots using 3-hour flight simulation tests, showed pilots made 50% more mistakes when exposed to 2,500 ppm carbon dioxide compared to 700 ppm. This has a direct impact on safety. All living animals and humans exhale carbon dioxide. In our investigations we have found that an unintentionally left behind child, or pet, can easily be detected in a parked car by analyzing the carbon dioxide trends in the cabin. Even an 8-month old baby acts as a carbon dioxide source, increasing
Rödjegård, Henrik, Franchy, Michael, Ehde, Staffan, Zoubir, Yassine, Al-Khaldy, Sam, Olsson, Patrik, Bengtsson, Carl, Nowak, Tony, O'Brien, Don
Your MDR Strategy: Start with a Gap AnalysisTBMG-364074/1/2020
The 566-page Medical Device Regulation (MDR), which replaces the EU’s Medical Device Directive (93/42/EEC) and the Directive on Active Implantable Medical Devices (90/385/EEC), has caused much discussion, training, debate, and stress in the medical device industry since its publication in May 2017. To say nothing of the changes in device regulation, the aggressive three-year implementation goal of May 26, 2020 has the industry as a whole — manufacturers, laboratories, and regulators — strategizing diligently as we step into 2020. This article briefly examines the current state of the MDR, including deadline extensions announced in the second corrigenda, a strategy to address material information, and what should be included in a gap analysis.
Smartphone Lab Delivers Test Results in ‘Spit’ SecondTBMG-364134/1/2020
Using your phone to diagnose disease or track your medical condition is the holy grail for remote health monitoring. So far it’s been impractical to combine the two in a single device. Tech companies don’t want the regulatory headaches that would come from labeling phones as medical devices.
Best Practices for Medical Device Design: Five Strategies for SuccessTBMG-364144/1/2020
The medical industry is behind the times when it comes to user-centered design and user experience. Healthcare professionals are demanding a consumer product level experience. “Make it like my iPhone” is a phrase we have all heard. UX (user experience) positions and UX boot camps are starting to emerge in large medical companies to solve this problem but plugging in a prescribed process won’t cut it. When it comes to medical device design, the stakes are higher, the environments more extreme, and the technology more complex, not to mention the reign of regulatory.
Leading Women in Engineering & Science: Maryam Zahabi, Assistant Professor of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Texas A&M UniversityTBMG-363113/1/2020
What led you to choose science and/or engineering as a career, particularly in the medical device field?
Need for Personalization and Opportunities in Autonomous & Shared Mobility2019-28-252011/21/2019
In the current scenario, vehicles are majorly owned by individuals where they have their own personal settings or accessories as per their individual preferences. In Shared mobility all features/controls are not personalized to everyone who shares the vehicle, which hinders the usage of shared vehicle. For shared mobility/Autonomous vehicle to be successful, it must play a significant role in customer engagement. To enhance the customer engagement, we need to satisfy individual customer by customizing the vehicle for their needs. This will give a cognitive feel of personal vehicle in a shared environment. We need technologies and design in improving vehicle interior and exterior systems to address personalization. We will involve Design Thinking approach by customer interactions in each zone of vehicle both interior and exterior to identify personalization needs. The zones of study include Frunk & Trunk compartment zone, Interaction zones, interior & exterior zone. We will rank the
Dayakar, Suresh, Subramanian, Vijayasarathy, Reddy, Keshava, Shiramgond, Vijaykumar
Identifying Automated Driving Systems-Dedicated Vehicles (ADS-DVs) Passenger Issues for Persons with DisabilitiesJ3171_201911 (Current)11/19/2019
It is expected that Level 4 and 5 automated driving systems-dedicated vehicles (ADS-DVs) will eventually enable persons to travel at will who are otherwise unable to obtain a driver's license for a conventional vehicle, namely, persons with certain visual, cognitive, and/or physical impairments. This information report focuses on these disabilities, but also provides guidance for those with other disabilities. This report is limited to fleet operated on-demand shared mobility scenarios, as this is widely considered to be the first way people will be able to interact with ADS-DVs. To be more specific, this report does not address fixed route transit services or private vehicle ownership. Similarly, this report is focused on road-worthy vehicles; not scooters, golf carts, etc. Lastly, this report does not address the design of chair lifts, ramps, or securements for persons who use wheeled mobility devices (WHMD) (e.g., wheelchair, electric cart, etc.), as these matters are addressed by
On-Road Automated Driving (ORAD) committee
Controlling Wheelchairs with a Wearable Brain-Machine InterfaceTBMG-3550511/1/2019
Combining new classes of nanomembrane electrodes with flexible electronics and a deep learning algorithm could help disabled people wirelessly control an electric wheelchair, interact with a computer or operate a small robotic vehicle without donning a bulky hair-electrode cap or contending with wires.
How HMI displays impact operator productivity in industrial vehicles19TOFHP10_1110/1/2019
The latest research indicates that well-integrated HMI (human-machine interface) systems lead to more attentive users that better retain task-related information and stay focused for longer with less reported effort. These systems also fit into the wider development trends in off-highway machines that affect operator fatigue in day-to-day tasks. Operator comfort includes more than just the cushioning in their seats; it is everything that surrounds a driver as they operate a vehicle-steering wheel height, pedal positioning, seat support, harnessing and control interface. Research from Norway and Italy as part of an overall European Union study looking into HMI in heavy machines has shown the importance of ergonomics in reducing operator fatigue. Research from Markus Wallmyr, head of UX at CrossControl and a researcher with Mälardalen University in Sweden, has demonstrated the importance of display placement in improving information detection and the effectiveness of operator aids.
Wallmyr, Markus
Smart Brain Stimulators: Next-Generation Parkinson's Disease TherapyTBMG-3534110/1/2019
Researchers at the University of Houston have found neuro biomarkers for Parkinson's disease that can help create the next generation of “smart” deep brain stimulators, able to respond to specific needs of Parkinson's disease patients. Those with the disease often undergo the high-frequency brain stimulation, a well-established therapy for the progressive nervous system disorder that affects movement, but the therapy has been imprecise.
Self-Affinity of an Aircraft Pilot’s Gaze Direction as a Marker of Visual Tunneling2019-01-18529/16/2019
For the last few years, a great deal of interest has been paid to crew monitoring systems in order to address potential safety problems during a flight. They aim at detecting any degraded physiological and/or cognitive state of an aircraft pilot or crew, such as visual tunneling, also called inattentional blindness. Indeed, they might have a negative impact on the performance to pursue the mission with adequate flight safety levels. One of the usual approaches consists in using sensors to collect physiological signals which are then analyzed. Two main families exist to process the signals. The first one combines feature extraction and machine learning whereas the second is based on deep-learning approaches which may require a large amount of labeled data. In this work, we focused on the first family. In this case, various features can be deduced from the data by different approaches: spectrum analysis, a priori modeling and nonlinear dynamical system analysis techniques including the
Berthelot, Bastien, Mazoyer, Patrick, Egea, Sarah, André, Jean-Marc, Grivel, Éric, Legrand, Pierrick
Application of Multi-Attribute Weighted Gray Target Decision in Automobile Noise Reduction Scheme Evaluation02-12-03-00147/3/2019
In the selection of automobile noise reduction schemes, the lack of comprehensive quantitative index system and objective evaluation method is a serious problem. In this article, the methods of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and gray target decision were used to solve the problem. Firstly, AHP and gray target decision method were introduced respectively in detail. Secondly, three automobile noise reduction schemes were illustrated. Four types of data were selected as the decision indexes, and the weight coefficients of all the decision indexes were calculated using the AHP. Then multi-attribute mixed weighted gray target decision model was established. The optimum scheme was obtained by the calculation of the off-target distance and the sorting of the calculation results. The proposed method can quantify the evaluation process and overcome the disadvantages of the traditional analogy method. The example shows that the method is feasible.
Zhao, Zhendong
U.S. Army Aeromedical Research LaboratoryTBMG-346366/1/2019
In October 1962, the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Unit was established with a goal of providing specialized medical and physiological support to help close the gap between Army combat aviation needs and human capabilities, and to protect aviators from altitude, climate, noise, acceleration, impact, and other stressors in a growing hostile environment. In 1969, the Army re-designated the unit as the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory (USAARL).
Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Multi-Ship Sensor-Based 3D World Modeling ArchitectureF-0075-2019-147455/13/2019
There is emerging demand for multi-ship sensor-based 3D world modeling (3DWM) for autonomy/cognitive decision aiding avionics applications. In these systems, multiple ships collect and transmit perception sensor data that is fused into a common 3DWM, which is then used by other platforms for flight guidance in that environment. This paper illustrates key design considerations for these systems by exploring the fundamental scenario of leader-follower. This paper will detail the design trade space for the leader-follower scenario, focusing on 3DWM database representation/processing and data transmission. To demonstrate the feasibility of a baseline design approach on modern computing hardware, results will be presented from an experimental evaluation of a proof-of-concept system.
Boggs, Chris, Taylor, Max, Gavrilets, Vladislav
A Strategy for Determining Optimal Crewing in Future Vertical Lift: Human-Automation Function AllocationF-0075-2019-145585/13/2019
The U.S. Army's Future Vertical Lift Optimally Crewed Vehicle program is developing and exercising a strategy for determining crewing that facilitates human-machine teaming by supporting human expertise, leveraging sophisticated automation, and facilitating the joint cognitive team. Traditional approaches to function allocation have resulted in systems that capitalize on the strengths of automation but not the strengths of humans, exhibit brittleness during off- nominal events, and underestimate the amount of work necessary to manage automation. The new strategy developed for this program, based on an extensive literature review, incorporates methods from cognitive task analysis, cognitive work analysis, and human performance modeling/simulation into the following five activities: (1) analyzing function allocation tradespace; (2) analyzing operational demands and work requirements; (3) analyzing interdependencies between human and automation; (4) evaluating alternative options with
Ernst, Katie, Roth, Emilie, Scheff, Scott, Klein, Devorah, Taylor, Grant, Militello, Laura, Sushereba, Christen, DiIulio, Julie, Wonderly, Scott
Cheeseman Award Paper: Isomorphic Spatial Visual Auditory Displays for Operations in DVE for Obstacle AvoidanceF-0075-2019-145635/13/2019
Helicopter military missions such as combat search and rescue, medical evacuation and landing on unprepared sites can involve operating in hostile, low-altitude, and degraded visual environments (DVE). These conditions may significantly reduce the pilot's capability to use the natural out of the window (OTW) perceptual cues, increase workload and increase the risk of collision with terrain and natural or man-made obstacles. In modern helicopter cockpits, synthetic vision systems (SVSs) can employ conventional nonconformal two-dimensional (2D), egocentric three-dimensional (3D) conformal symbology (CS) and laser detection and ranging (LADAR)/ radio detection and ranging (RADAR)/ forward looking infrared (FLIR) imagery support guidance and control, especially during operations in DVE. Although 3D CS can decrease pilot workload, it can also produce attentional tunneling (cognitive capture) and may not provide maximally effective depiction of the environment around the helicopter. In this
Godfroy-Cooper, Martine, Wenzel, Elizabeth, Miller, Joel, Bachelder, Edward
Changing the Automation ConversationTBMG-344075/1/2019
With advancements in manufacturing processes and materials, components in many industries are more precise with a new level of complex shapes. There is significant demand to create parts and assemblies that perform better, last longer, and cost less to make. Manufacturers are increasingly focused on robotics or other automated systems to produce, assemble, and inspect these components. The new generation of robotic manufacturing cells incorporates advanced metrology sensors that enable them to perform tasks more accurately and with greater versatility. These robotic cells are typically referred to as Metrology Enhanced Automation (MEA).
Driver Workload in an Autonomous Vehicle2019-01-08724/2/2019
As intelligent automated vehicle technologies evolve, there is a greater need to understand and define the role of the human user, whether completely hands-off (L5) or partly hands-on. At all levels of automation, the human occupant may feel anxious or ill-at-ease. This may reflect as higher stress/workload. The study in this paper further refines how perceived workload may be determined based on occupant physiological measures. Because of great variation in individual personalities, age, driving experiences, gender, etc., a generic model applicable to all could not be developed. Rather, individual workload models that used physiological and vehicle measures were developed. Unlike some existing methods of workload estimation where one, or a few signals are used, such as electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), we developed intelligent systems that use multiple physiological and vehicle signals based on an end-to-end deep neural learning architecture to make a robust
Murphey, Yi, Kochhar, Dev S., Xie, Yongquan
Aerospace & Defense Technology: April 201919AERP044/1/2019
An Integrated Framework for Complex Radar System Design Thermoplastic Composites to Play Enhanced Role in Next-Generation Aerospace Applications Using Ruggedized Test Equipment to Solve Jet Engine Problems How FMC Developments Support Legacy and Next-Gen Data Needs XPONENTIAL 2019 - An AUVSI Experience Understanding the 'Black Art' of RF and Microwave Switching A New Approach to Satellite Communications Modular Biosensor Patch Identifying new biomarkers to help monitor cognition and stress in the human body could enhance human performance. Characterization of Bore Temperatures and Stresses in Small Caliber Gun Barrels Data gathered from physical testing will be compared to analytical methods used to assess barrel wall temperature profiles and barrel wall stress and strain. Simulation of Active Imaging Systems Better data could lead to systems that improve tactical target acquisition, particularly under adverse environmental conditions. Deep Installation Method for Three-Component
Promising Diagnostic Tool for Alzheimer's Disease IdentifiedTBMG-337332/1/2019
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have identified in live human brains new radioactive “tracer” molecules that bind to and “light up” tau tangles, a protein associated with a number of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and other related dementias. Two studies were published in the Journal of Nuclear Medicine describing testing of three candidate molecules in patients with Alzheimer's disease, as well as the use of one molecule to measure the accumulation of tau proteins.
Construction of a Multiple Driving Affective Scale2018-01-188810/5/2018
The authors’ goal is to develop brakes that are more satisfying to users in sensory aspects by explaining the relationship between people’s state of mind and a vehicle’s physical quantities. However, there are no scales to measure such feeling. In this study, a psychological scale was constructed to measure the affective state of general automobile drivers, for the purpose of clarifying the effects of brake characteristics on the affective state. To construct the affective scale, two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, a comparison of four types of vehicles was performed and then an interview survey was conducted to collect a broad sample of terms used to evaluate the affective state. From the results, it was hypothesized that the evaluation terms were divided into eight categories. For each hypothesized category, ten evaluation terms were selected from the terms obtained in the interviews, the items of the existing psychological evaluation scale, and the synonym
Matsuoka, Masanori, Muramatsu, Keiichi, Kaede, Kazunori, Watanuki, Keiichi, Shiimado, Toshihiro, Nishizawa, Yukio
Tailoring Plastics Joining Methods to DIVERSE Medical Device NeedsTBMG-3308410/1/2018
The European Commission defines personalized medicine as, “a medical approach tailored to the patient or a group of patients for prevention, prediction and treatment . . . that moves away from the ‘one size fits all’ medical model.”
Negative-Stiffness Vibration Isolation Facilitates Neuronal Research into Animal Learning and MemoryTBMG-3306210/1/2018
Micro- and nano-level microscopy, whether used in academic laboratories or industry, is susceptible to vibrations from the environment, requiring these instruments to employ vibration isolation systems. When measuring a very few angstroms, nanometers, or microns of displacement, an absolutely stable surface must be maintained to support the instrument. Any vibrations that are transferred into the mechanical structure of the instrument will cause vertical and horizontal noise, compromising data sets and limiting the ability to measure highresolution features.
Cognitive Model of the Internal Combustion Engine2018-01-17389/10/2018
This paper describes research focused upon improved the quality of automobile engine quality. Methods and models were developed for estimating and predicting the technical condition of internal combustion engine (ICE), which provides usage of the decision support making in the search for minimum fuel consumption regimes. We developed models of multi-criterion, multiparametric optimization of energy and material-material characteristics of ICE according to the system approach. The developed methods and models for estimating and predicting the technical state of the functionally interconnected and interacting ICE components are performed taking into account their hierarchy and topologies, energy resource used and the fuel. The cognitive methodology has been used to make engine models researches and analysis. The paper focuses on the fuzzy logic approach applying, considering the indeterminacy, incompleteness and unclear information in the engines operation processes. Cognitive, imitation
Vychuzhanin, Vladimir, Rudnichenko, Nickolay, Shybaiev, Denys, Gritsuk, Igor, Boyko, Victor, Shybaieva, Natalia, Golovan, Andrii, Zaharchuk, Victor, Rabinovich, Ernest, Savchuk, Volodymyr, Zenkin E.Y., Evgeny
Sensory Device Aids AmputeesTBMG-328119/1/2018
Sensory feedback — achieved by direct interfaces attached to the nerves — fundamentally changed how study participants used their mechanical attachment, “transforming it from a sporadically used tool into a readily and frequently used ‘hand.’”
Mobile Health PlatformTBMG-290596/1/2018
A mobile health technology was developed to monitor and predict a user’s psychological status, and to deliver an automated intervention when needed. The technology uses smart-phones to monitor the user’s location and ask questions about psychological status throughout the day.
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