Browse Topic: Aircraft instruments

Items (490)

04/11/2023

The hippocampus plays a crucial role in brain function and is one of the important areas of concern in closed head injury. Hippocampal injury is related to a variety of factors including the strength of mechanical load, animal age, and helmet material. To investigate the order of these factors on hippocampal injury, a three-factor, three-level experimental protocol was established using the L(3) orthogonal table. A closed head injury experiment regarding impact strength (0.3MPa, 0.5MPa, 0.7MPa), rat age (eight- week-old, ten-week-old, twelve-week-old), and helmet material (steel, plastic, rubber) were achieved by striking the rat's head with a pneumatic-driven impactor. The number of hippocampal CA3 cells was used as an evaluation indicator. The contribution of factors to the indicators and the confidence level were obtained by analysis of variance. The results showed that impact strength was the main factor affecting hippocampal injury (contribution of 89.2%, confidence level 0.01

Wang, Peng, Song, Xuewei, Zhu, Xiyan, Qiu, Jinlong, Yang, Shuaijun, Zhao, Hui

682 Guidance for Air Transport Service Bulletins (TEST POPST CT and APPSEARCH)

ARINC682 (Current)09/21/2022

This document provides industry guidance to supplement ATA standards and airframe requirements, addressing gaps and vague areas to move suppliers/vendors and airframers toward a common standard for format and wording in Vendor Service Bulletins (VSB) for Air Transport components. This document supplements the VSB guidance of iSpec 2200, providing clarity of requirements and resulting in a common standard wording and format of VSBs from all suppliers on all aircraft types. The guidance in this document is intended to be applied to VSBs created and released subsequent to the release of the guidance document and will not require the retroactive update of VSBs released prior to the creation and release of the guidance.

PHM system with comprehensive data analytics to provide localized reasoning for a failure prediction

2022-26-123005/26/2022

Aircraft system contains components to perform system core functionality, monitor system health and record the health status. The recorded health status data provides useful information that leads to the root cause of a failure. The maintenance activities are performed based on the routine procedure and manual approach to identify failure. Most system maintenance are ignored due to the failure to identify system health deterioration. The failure in aircraft systems is monitored periodically from various types of data in the aircraft such as Flight Data recorder (FDR), Aircraft Condition Monitoring System (ACMS), Weather, Maintenance and Pilot Report (PIREP) data. The fault data is embedded in these collections of data however the actual reasoning of the system failure is very difficult and cumbersome to identify and end up in the replacement of the failed component without understanding the cause of the failure. This is because the typical field failure analysis is performed in

Sundaramurthy, Ajay Byappanahalli

Halfshaft Joints Lifetime Prediction Method and Tool Development

2022-01-029003/29/2022

This study is inspired by the technological developments across all product development areas for the elimination of physical testing based on data analytics. As one of the important driveline components, halfshaft fatigue performance is mostly limited by CV Joints life. That being the case, product development engineering teams are challenged to deal with black box CV joint designs from various suppliers and validate them for different applications. In this paper, it's mentioned about the method development of road load data usage to have robust lifetime prediction for CV joints. Instantaneous joint angles which are not possible to acquire during vehicle testing with conventional equipments are one of the main parameters for the damage rating. A solution is provided to generate a correlation between theoretical angle calculations and available parameters from the given road load data. At the end of the study, calculated CV joint fatigue life in mileage are compared with the real life

Ayber, Barış, Kaplan, Murat, Genc, Utku, ÖZEN, Erman, POSA, Chris, ATKINSON, Nancy

Illuminated Vehicle Logos - Investigation on Potential Distraction and their Influence on Road Safety

2022-01-096203/29/2022

The current development of automotive lighting strives towards more and more lighting installations on vehicles. Additionally, to that, manufacturers start animating these lighting installations as coming home or leaving home greetings from the car to the driver. In the SAE Paper No. 2021-01-0852 it is shown, that these additional animations are in fact not distracting at all to other road users and when used correctly, e.g. in a sequential turn indicator, can be beneficial to the overall traffic safety. This study then aims to investigate the potential influence of illuminated logos on road safety. European law makers forbid the use of illuminated advertisement on vehicles to minimize the danger of distraction of other road users and thereby negatively influencing traffic safety. As of now, the active illumination of the manufacturer’s logo is considered advertisement. For this, a test vehicle was setup with two high luminance monitors, one at the front, one at the back, capable of

Kobbert, Jonas, Hamm, Michael, Hinterwaelder, Christian, Bullough, John D.

Physics-guided Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics for Prediction of Vehicle Cabin Occupant Thermal Comfort

2022-01-018003/29/2022

Thermal cabin comfort is the largest consumer of battery energy second only to propulsion in Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV’s). Accurate prediction of thermal comfort in the vehicle cabin with fast turnaround times will allow engineers to study the impact of various thermal comfort technologies and develop energy efficient Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems. In this study a novel data-driven model based on physics-guided Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics (SINDy) method was developed to predict Equivalent Homogeneous Temperature (EHT), Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) and cabin air temperature under transient conditions and drive cycles. EHT is a recognized measure of the total heat loss from the human body that can be used to characterize highly non-uniform thermal environments such as a vehicle cabin. The SINDy model was trained on drive cycle data from Climatic Wind Tunnel (CWT) for a representative Battery Electric Vehicle. The performance of the

Warey, Alok, Kaushik, Shailendra, Han, Taeyoung

Evaluating the effect of Suspension Damping on Ride and Handling Trade-Off in a Passenger Car

2021-26-008109/22/2021

In a Passive suspension, damping force is generated by a shock absorber by pressurizing the oil flow between chambers. Typically, vehicle responds with suspension deflection which significantly depends on damping forces and velocity. Tuning damping forces for various road and steering input is a Black box. In any setting, damping force w.r.t velocity is tuned for optimum ride and handling. Practically, to achieve a balance between the two is a tedious task as the choices & arrangements of inner parts like piston, port, valve etc., which defines the forces set up [soft / hard] are infinite. The objective of this paper is to measure, objectify and evaluate the performance of two such optimum setting in various ride and handling events. A passenger car set up with an optimum soft & hard suspension damping force, is studied for various ride and handling sub-attributes and their conflicts are examined in detail from a performance point of view.

Sahoo, Satyaranjan, Reuben, Eric Pranesh De, BAKSHI, Deepak, Krishnan, Hari, Singh, Amardeep

Electrical and Electronic Equipment Cooling in Commercial Transports

AIR64C-TEST-REC (Historical)08/10/2021

This document considers the cooling of equipment installed in equipment centers, which usually consist of rack-mounted equipment and panel mounted equipment in the flight deck. Instances where these two locations result in different requirements are identified. This document generally refers to the cooled equipment as E/E equipment, denoting that both electrical and electronic equipment is considered, or as an E/E equipment line-replaceable-unit (LRU). The majority of cooled equipment takes the form of LRUs. The primary focus of this document is E/E equipment which uses forced air cooling to keep the equipment within acceptable environmental limits. These limits ensure the equipment operates reliably and within acceptable tolerances. Cooling may be supplied internally or externally to the E/E equipment case. Some E/E equipment is cooled solely by natural convection, conduction, and radiation to the surrounding environment. This document discusses specification requirements, system

AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee

Electrical and Electronic Equipment Cooling in Commercial Transports

AIR64C (Current)

08/10/2021

AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee

Automatic Pilots (Turbine Powered Subsonic Aircraft)

AS440B (Current)

12/22/2020

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers automatic pilots intended for use on aircraft to automatically operate the primary and trim aerodynamic controls to maintain stable flight and/or to provide maneuvering about any of the three axes through servo control. Automatic control functions essential for primary or augmented flight control are excluded.

A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee

Flight Director Equipment

AS8008A (Current)

12/22/2020

This Aerospace Standard covers Flight Director Equipments which display to the pilot a computed command for the operation of an aircraft in accordance with selected Mode(s). The term “Equipment” may include controls, displays, computers, etc. and may include sensors if furnished as a part of the Flight Director.

A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee

Maximum-Allowable-Airspeed Instruments (Turbine Powered Subsonic Aircraft)

AS437B-TEST-REC (Historical)12/22/2020

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers one type of maximum-allowable-airspeed instrument which gives a continuous indication of both indicated airspeed and maximum allowable airspeed not exceeding 650 knots.

A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee

Maximum-Allowable-Airspeed Instruments (Turbine Powered Subsonic Aircraft)

AS437B (Current)

12/22/2020

A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee

Minimum Performance Standard Stall Warning Equipment

AS8014A (Current)

12/22/2020

This Aerospace Standard covers two basic Stall Warning Systems, one measures air flow and pressure distribution on the airfoil and the other measures the angle of airflow with respect to an arbitrary reference line. Each type of system includes, as a minimum, a sensor and the means for activating a device which warns the pilot of an impending stall.

A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee

SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Impacts of Human Factors on Aviation Safety

1292112/17/2020

Are you willing to fly on the plane you maintained and inspected? Tony Janco, retired FAA safety inspector and former aviation mechanic, poses this question to anyone interested in entering the field as it highlights the importance and pressures of being the final barrier between ground and flight. In this compelling conversation spanning Janco's 45-year career in aircraft inspections, maintenance and policy, he illustrates the passion and precision required in the field and the small margin for human error when performing heavy checks on an aircraft before takeoff. Learn about the importance of aircraft instruments, the dangers of get-home-itis and the tricky things that can happen midflight that impact getting back on the ground safely.

Hineman, Marcie

High-Efficiency Megawatt Motor

TBMG-3813712/01/2020

Innovators at NASA Glenn Research Center have designed a High-Efficiency Megawatt Motor (HEMM), a wound-field partially superconducting machine. The HEMM implements a combination of superconducting and non-superconducting elements, along with an integrated cryocooler, to achieve some of the benefits of a superconducting motor without the need for an external cryogenic system.

Pilot-System Integration

ARP4033A (Current)

11/03/2020

A recommended pilot-system integration (i.e., crew interface and system integration) approach for concept development is described in Figure 1. The approach emphasizes the fundamental need for a top-down design methodology with particular focus on clear operational performance requirements and functional integration. While this document is primarily aimed at aircraft systems design and integration, the methodology is applicable to a wide range of design and integration situations. It is derived from well established human factors engineering design principles.

G-10 Executive Advisory Group

Human Interface Design Methodology for Integrated Display Symbology

ARP4155B-TEST-REC (Historical)11/03/2020

G-10 Executive Advisory Group

Human Interface Design Methodology for Integrated Display Symbology

ARP4155B (Current)

11/03/2020

G-10 Executive Advisory Group

Unsettled Topics Concerning Adopting Blockchain Technology in Aerospace

EPR2020021

10/30/2020

In the aerospace industry, competition is high and the need to ensure safety and security while managing costs is paramount. Furthermore, stakeholders—who gain the most by working together—do not necessarily trust each other. Now, mix that with changing enterprise technologies, management of historical records, and customized legacy systems. This issue touches all aspects of the aerospace industry, from frequent flyer miles to aircraft maintenance and drives tremendous inefficiency and cost.Technology that augments, rather than replaces, is needed to transform these complex systems into efficient, digital processes. Blockchain technology offers collaborative opportunities for solving some of the data problems that have long challenged the industry.This SAE EDGE™ Research Report by Rhonda D. Walthall examines how blockchain technology could impact the aerospace industry and addresses some of the unsettled concerns surrounding its implementation.{"uri":[{"xlink:href":"https://www.sae.org

Walthall, Rhonda

COCKPIT DISPLAY SYSTEM INTERFACES TO USER SYSTEMS PART 1 AVIONICS INTERFACES, BASIC SYMBOLOGY, AND BEHAVIOR

ARINC661P1-8 (Current)09/18/2020

ARINC 661 defines logical interfaces to Cockpit Display Systems (CDS) used in all types of aircraft installations. The CDS provides graphical and interactive services to user applications within the flight deck environment. When combined with data from user applications, it displays graphical images to the flight deck crew. The document emphasizes the need for independence between aircraft systems and the CDS. This document defines the interface between the avionics equipment and display system graphics generators. This document does not specify the "look and feel" of any graphical information, and as such does not address human factors issues. These are defined by the airline flight operations community. Supplement 8 adds numerous changes and additions. Eleven new widgets are added, all related to 3D Maps. Seven new widget extensions. Metadata definitions (XML) for all widgets, extensions, events, symbols, and associated data types.

Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee

Development of a Secure Private Neural Network Capability

20AERP09_0409/01/2020

Machine Learning (ML) tools like Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have gained widespread popularity due to their ability to quickly and accurately perform discriminative tasks, such as object detection and classification. However, current implementations of this concept have several drawbacks. First, traditional DNNs require access to unprotected (unencrypted) data. Even if the data is secured and the ML tool is made compatible for use with encrypted data, the resulting operational performance is slowed to the point that it renders the approach intractable. Second, recent research has shown many DNNs are susceptible to white box (full access to the machine learning tool and operations) and black box (only access to system input and output) attacks, allowing adversaries to maliciously manipulate the ML tool's output. In its short history, this concept has been successfully applied to a broad spectrum of problems: speech and image recognition, medical imagery diagnostics, drug discovery

Development of a Secure Private Neural Network Capability

TBMG-3761409/01/2020

Lighting, Aircraft Interior, Installation of

AS18276B (Current)08/28/2020

This specification covers the installation of aircraft interior lighting for military aircraft.

A-20C Interior Lighting

CONTACTS, ELECTRICAL, CONNECTOR, SOCKET, CRIMP REMOVABLE (FOR AS81714 TERMINAL JUNCTION SYSTEM SERIES II)

AS39029/22E (Historical)08/25/2020

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

Aerospace - Passive Side Stick Unit General Requirements for Fly-by Wire Transport and Business

ARP6001B-TEST-REC (Historical)04/23/2020

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides recommendations for design and test requirements for a generic “passive” side stick that could be used for fly-by wire transport and business aircraft. It addresses the following: The functions to be implemented The geometric and mechanical characteristics The mechanical and electrical interfaces The safety and certification requirements

A-6A3 Flight Control and Vehicle Management Systems Cmt

Aerospace - Passive Side Stick Unit General Requirements for Fly-by Wire Transport and Business

ARP6001B (Current)

04/23/2020

A-6A3 Flight Control and Vehicle Management Systems Cmt

A Development of Battery Aging Prediction Model Based on Actual Vechile Driving Pattern

2020-01-105904/14/2020

The battery of the real vehicle accelerates the battery aging due to the dark current of the black box, the high ambient temperature, the shortage of the battery charge rate and the customer complaints such as intermittent occurrence of ISG intermittently entering the vehicle and bad start. In addition, the existing battery durability verification requires a long period of more than 4 months through the deep discharge and it has not secured the advance verification technology through battery durability verification and battery aging simulation that reflect the various actual vehicle driving conditions of the customer. In order to improve this, it is aimed to develop a battery aging prediction model that reflects various operating conditions of actual vehicle driving pattern based customer. The NREL battery lifetime model has been adapted for AGM lead-acid batteries using experimental test data. Battery stress statistics are created with a battery thermal/electric simulation and then

LIM, YOUNGCHUL, Edel, Zachary

Directional Indicating System (Turbine Powered Subsonic Aircraft)

ARP416B (Current)

04/14/2020

This recommended practice covers the requirements for gyroscopically stabilized Directional Indicating Systems, which will operate as a 1°/hour latitude corrected, free directional gyro or as a slaved gyro, magnetic compass with 1/2° accuracy.

A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee

Temperature Measurement, Well Insert Type

ARP175A (Current)

04/14/2020

A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee

Altitude Alerting Devices and Systems

ARP1061B (Current)

04/14/2020

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides performance criteria for Altitude Alerting Devices and Systems. These devices can be self-contained or receive remote altitude information and can have integral or remote barometric corrections. Only the generation of the alerting signals is covered by this recommended practice and not the details of the visual or audio alerts operated by these signals. It is recommended that the system’s operational correspondence between the selected altitude settings of the Altitude Alerting Device and the Altitude Level Indication normally used to control the aircraft should not exceed ±250 ft RSS throughout the operating range of the device.

A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee