Browse Topic: Turn and slip indicators

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MINIMUM PERFORMANCE STANDARD FOR TURN AND SLIP INSTRUMENTAS8004 (Current)2/16/2008
This standard covers Turn and Slip Instruments which measure and display the rate of turn about the vertical axis and incorporate an integral slip indicator.
A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee
Keeping the Driver in the Loop While Using Assistance Systems2007-01-13184/16/2007
Driver Assistance Systems (DAS) like e.g. distance control systems are more and more evolving in a variety of cars, and the goal is mainly to support the driver in his driving task in order to improve convenience. The strategic approach to DAS at BMW is outlined and resulting system functions are explained. The paper shows the specific design and implementation of systems that interact with the vehicle dynamics on the same level as the driver. Special emphasis is given to their interaction with the driver. Therefore the Human Machine Interaction is one of the focus points within the development process. BMW ensures the mode awareness of the driver by presenting the relevant information in optimized displays within the vehicle.
Mayser, Christoph, Steinle, Joachim
The Continuous Emerging of LED in Headlamps: Challenges and Technical Solution for LED Fog Lamps2006-01-01034/3/2006
After the first series applications with LED in headlamp signal functions are on the road or close to production release, the next continuous steps are considered in the paper. Side markers and Position lamps, Daytime Running lamps and Turn Indicators are considered to be in a technology ready status. Despite the fact that fog lamps have low luminous flux and photometrical requirements, the challenges due to glare avoidance and aimability via cut off line have reached a new level. Technical concepts and performance will be discussed with measurement data evaluation. Due to the fact that different LED suppliers are on the market with different optical and mechanical solutions, a matrix evaluation will be driven for photometrical and efficiency potential. Another significant impact will be the styling influence of the exit apertures. Studies for LED fog lamps will be presented. Several LED sources require a dedicated electronic driving concept. The paper will review the concepts for switching and driving multiple LED arrays. An outlook for future applications and integration of LED fog lamps in AFS (Advanced Front Lighting) functions will be given.
Hamm, Michael
LED Headlamps - Highly Efficient Optical Systems2005-01-08604/11/2005
In recent years the efficiency of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) has increased rapidly. Using red, amber or white LEDs for exterior automobile rear lighting is already state of the art and offers new styling possibilities. Since up to 70 lm / Watt and 150 lm / LED for white LEDs are predicted, they become interesting for headlamp functions like low and high beam. Therefore new styles and technical solutions are feasible. Nevertheless, creating a full LED headlamp is still challenging. New high efficient optical design methods to create front signal functions like daytime running light or turn indicator weather with medium bright LEDs (1 lm to 10 lm per LED) or with high bright LEDs (30 lm to 100 lm per LED) will be discussed. A space optimized full LED headlamp, which fulfills the regulations but consume much less space compared to halogen headlamps will be presented. A light performance optimized full LED headlamp, which reaches xenon headlamp performance and fits in a current headlamp housing will be shown.
Ackermann, Ralf
New Cockpit Human-Machine-Interface Concept2003-01-01233/3/2003
More and more features in today's vehicles put increasing demands on the driver's ability to process information, operate functions and simultaneously concentrate on driving. This necessitates simplifying and optimizing the human-machine-interface (HMI). Therefore, Siemens VDO has developed a cockpit study, “Breeze”, showing a new, ergonomic HMI concept in an attractive design. The number of switches is minimized by implementing a force feedback switch, allowing intuitive operation of several functions via a menu system displayed on a 10 inch monitor. Specific driver functions are operated by mulit-function keys in the steering wheel with a secondary display. The turn indicator is operated by squeezing the steering wheel grips. Vibration elements are activated in dangerous situations to alert the driver. Additional features include flat panel loudspeakers and instrumentation with 3D-effect Many technical details are presently under development, however, some solutions are already in production.
Jansseune, Luc
Using Global Satellite Digital Audio Radio Systems for Aviation Weather Dissemination2002-01-15304/16/2002
Weather is a significant contributor to aviation accidents, airline schedule delays, and aircraft operating costs. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has established research programs to reduce these impacts by improving the weather information availability to pilots. The Satellite Weather Information Service (SWIS) project is one such effort. SWIS is using low cost satellite broadcast technologies to demonstrate direct broadcast of weather information into the cockpit. The second phase of SWIS is currently underway on American Airlines aircraft flying trans-Pacific routes. This paper will provide a technical description of the SWIS system, review the results of SWIS Phase I, and give a detailed description of the SWIS Phase II trials.
Haendel, Richard, Kerczewski, Robert J.
Signal Lamp System - Vertical Linear Technology1999-01-03913/1/1999
A change in styling towards increased headlamp height has been evoked in the paper “Vertical Complex Shape : a new breakthrough in lighting technology”. A trend also exists towards vertical elongation of rear lamps. This increasing demand by designers is leading to rear lamps containing vertical functions in which the height is significantly greater than the width. For these shapes the ratio between the width and the height is generally between 1 to 5 and 1 to 10. At the same time car makers are currently requesting suppliers to improve the homogeneity of the illuminated appearance of rear lamps Conventional solutions are not really suitable for these elongated shapes. They suffer from a lack of homogeneity with respect to their illuminated appearance. Moreover they are often too deep to fit into the bodywork The optical system presented here controls the direct flux of an incandescent bulb and can be used for tail/stop lights and turn indicators. The dimensions that can be achieved are between 18-45 mm wide, depending on the function, and up to 400 mm high.
Montelymard, Christian, Godbillon, Vincent
Trends in the Development of Vehicle Front Lighting9609232/1/1996
In recent years a dramatic increase in the intensities of vehicle front lighting has taken place. New light sources and progress in the calculation of reflectors have resulted in an increase of lighting efficiency. In combination with the worldwide homologation of plastic lenses a new freedom of design for frontlighting has been achieved. Trends are shown using recent headlamp designs as examples.
Hendrischk, Wolfgang
Low Cost Driving Simulation for Research, Training and Screening Applications9501712/1/1995
Interactive driving simulation is attractive for a variety of applications, including screening, training and licensing, due to considerations of safety, control and repeatability. However, widespread dissemination of these applications will require modest cost simulator systems. Low cost simulation is possible given the application of PC level technology, which is capable of providing reasonable fidelity in visual, auditory and control feel cuing. This paper describes a PC based simulation with high fidelity vehicle dynamics, which provides an easily programmable visual data base and performance measurement system, and good fidelity auditory and steering torque feel cuing. This simulation has been used in a variety of applications including screening truck drivers for the effects of fatigue, research on real time monitoring for driver drowsiness and measurement of the interference effect of in-vehicle IVHS tasks on driving performance. This paper discusses the characteristics of the simulation, including vehicle dynamics and visual, auditory and proprioceptive cueing and a unique scenario definition language (SDL) for defining driving scenarios and performance measurement. Potential low cost simulator applications are reviewed, along with issues of fidelity and validity.
Allen, R. Wade, Rosenthal, Theodore J., Parseghian, Zareh
Simulation Study of an Automatic Trim System for Reducing the Control Forces on a Light Twin After an Engine Failure8509134/1/1985
An automatic trim system for reducing the control forces after an engine failure on a light twin has been investigated on the Langley General Aviation Simulator. The system schedules open-loop trim tab deflections as a function of differential propeller slipstream dynamic pressure and freestream dynamic pressure. The system is described and the airplane-system static and dynamic characteristics are documented. Three NASA research pilots evaluated the effectiveness of the system for takeoff and landing maneuvers. A variety of off-nominal system characteristics were studied. The system was judged to be generally beneficial, providing a 2 to 3 point improvement in pilot rating for the tasks used in the evaluations.
Stewart, Eric C., Brown, Philip W.
NGT Sub-Scale Flight Demonstrator — A Cost-Effective Approach to Aircraft Development8213412/1/1982
Sub-scale flight: demonstrators have been used in the past to verify overall conceptual design in a limited quantitative manner. With the advent of small, reliable turbojet units, lightweight moldless fiberglass, graphite and foam plastic composite construction, and effective, compact flight test instrumentation, it is now possible to conduct early, low-cost flight test programs to validate a concept and save time and considerable flight test expense of the later full-scale development program. Fairchild Republic Company (FRC), in the course of developing its Next Generation Trainer (NGT) configuration, contracted the services of Ames Industrial Corp. to produce a flight demonstrator, with the assistance of Rutan Aircraft Factory and Flight Systems, Inc., to provide design, flight test and instrumentation services. The approach was highly successful in terms of cost, schedule and results. The overall program required approximately the same cost and schedule to accomplish as would a wind tunnel test program using a complex powered wind tunnel model. Comprehensive results were obtained under representative dynamic flight conditions that could not be accurately simulated in a wind tunnel. The results of the flying qualities tests provided close correlation with analytical estimates. In particular, natural stall warning was exhibited, as well as excellent stall characteristics, and satisfactory operation in strong crosswinds during takeoff and landing. Considerable reduction in program cost and in technical and schedule risk of a full-scale NGT development program is expected as a result of the demonstrator program.
Rosenthal, G.
The Future of Short-Haul Transport Aircraft8007554/1/1980
Recently, major economic and regulatory changes have occurred which have initiated shifts in short-haul airline service patterns and aircraft technology requirements. Faced with rapidly escalating fuel costs, larger airlines have begun to move their jet transports to longer, more profitable routes. The short-haul routes left by the larger airlines are being serviced by the rapidly growing commuter airlines, largely using small turboprop powered aircraft. The transition to more efficient aircraft for short-haul will continue and, in the future, most short-haul operations will be performed by specialized propeller and rotor driven aircraft. This paper presents the results of some recent design studies of short-haul transport aircraft technology and provides illustrations of some potential future designs.
Williams, L. J.
Minimum Requirements for Wheel-Slip Brake-Control System Malfunction SignalsJ1230_197910 (Historical)10/1/1979
It is recognized that a malfunction in any one of the specified areas can degrade intended performance, but that levels of malfunction or combinations thereof must be considered by the vehicle designer in determining the point at which a failure indication is warranted. Consequently, the minimum reaction recommended by this document consists of making available a malfunction signal. This SAE Recommended Practice establishes a uniform minimum set of functional areas to be monitored in the process of detecting malfunctions in discrete wheel-slip brake-control systems for motor vehicles, and establishes a minimum reaction to those detected malfunctions.
Truck and Bus Brake and Adv Driver Assistance Systems SC
Turn and Slip IndicatorAS438 (Current)9/1/1976
Applications of Fluidics to Light Aircraft Instrumentation and Control7403512/1/1974
This paper reviews NASA/Langley's program for the development of advanced fluidic components and the application of these components to general aviation instrumentation and control. The major project in this category has been the development of a simple, reliable, two-axis autopilot for light aircraft, using a fluidic inertial rate sensor for stability and roll attitude control, and a simple magnetometer for azimuth reference. This autopilot has been successfully flight tested. Fluidic hardware developed for this autopilot is described, and projected improvements and extensions are discussed. Application of fluidic components to such flight instruments as turn coordinators, artificial horizons, and true airspeed indicators is explored.
Garner, H. D.
NOMENCLATURE AND ABBREVIATIONS, FLIGHT DECK AREAAS425B (Historical)6/1/1973
S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft
Outside Looking In Attitude Gyros6903262/1/1969
An electric outside-in attitude gyro display system was prototyped and flown to compare the display with the contemporary inside-out display developed by Elmer Sperry nearly 50 years ago. The outside-in display system was evaluated to be superior in extreme attitudes and the spiral dive problem. The electric prototype was evaluated also to have alternate power source advantage over air gyros on single engine aircraft. Government regulations relative to attitude gyros and displays are concluded not to conflict with outside-in gyros. A concept of control indicator to performance indicators scan is suggested to be considered in this integration of instruments.
Bonnell, C. R.
The Effect of a Light Aircraft Stability Augmentation System on Pilot Performance6602202/1/1966
A simple wings-leveling device for light aircraft, and the effect of this device on the instrument flight performance of non-instrument qualified private pilots were evaluated. Experienced research pilots found overall system performance acceptable. However, slightly lower rate capability and slightly higher control forces than desired were present. Non-instrument qualified private pilots were provided with an increased capability to recover from an inadvertent instrument flight situation. Limited navigation and communication tasks, beyond the capability of the pilot while controlling the basic aircraft, could be performed with system aid. Control wheel force developed by the system as a function of bank angle in a steady turn was found to be a definite instrument flight aid.
Driscoll, Norman R.
SYSTEMS SAFETY CONCEPTS FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE BUSINESS AIRCRAFT6401071/1/1964
The safety concepts applicable to the design of the primary systems for the new generation high performance business aircraft are presented and discussed. The systems designs employed in the Lockheed JetStar are used as examples of how these concepts are applied to achieve the high level of operational safety demanded by business operators.
Gunson, D. O.
State-of-the-Art Developments in Helicopter All Weather Systems6401581/1/1964
This paper endeavors to give a resume on where we stand in helicopter all weather systems. A discussion of the requirements for each system is presented and some of the equipment available today or under development to fulfill these requirements are discussed. Some guide lines for further developments are presented. It is concluded that equipments are available now to fulfill today's demand and the continued development effort is required to provide refinements and to keep pace with rotorcraft progress.
Stultz, J. T.
FLIGHT CONTROL COMPARTMENT NOMENCLATURE AND ABBREVIATIONSAS425A (Historical)7/1/1962
S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft
PILOT INSTRUMENTATION FOR VEHICLE CONTROL IN NEAR SPACE6002501/1/1960
HECKER, C. J.
AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENT INTEGRAL LIGHTING5300711/1/1953
ACHILICH, J. H.
COCKPIT STANDARDIZATION4900521/1/1949
The opinions and statements expressed herein are those of the writer and are not official views of the Navy Department or Associated Services.
Avery, Howard M.
The Civil Aeronautics Administration At Work4901111/1/1949
TOOMEY, H. M.
TURN AND BANK INDICATORAS395 (Current)7/1/1947
This specification covers three basic types of instruments as follows: TYPE I - Air Driven TYPE II - D-C Operated TYPE III - A-C Operated
A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee
All-Weather Flying Technique4601821/1/1946
GILL, JOHN F.
Making the Cockpit Practical for the Pilot4502061/1/1945
THE safety and dependability of scheduled air transportation depends, in part, on how practical is the cockpit in which the pilots spend their time and carry on their functions while in flight. The author of this paper, himself a pilot, has compiled here information gained from a questionnaire answered by representatives from every scheduled airline in the country. It appears that these pilots have definite ideas on the improvements that are needed in cockpits, discussed by the author under the following headings: 1. Cockpit window layout (including provisions for all-weather visibility). 2. Instrument panel arrangement. 3. Cockpit lighting. 4. Pilot comfort (including adequate seats, ventilation, and heating). 5. Type, location, and accessibility of controls.
BEAL, G. F.
PROGRESS IN AIR TRANSPORT DESIGN4400541/1/1944
Ellinger, R. L.
AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR USES3400701/1/1934
WAIT, LOUIS
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