Browse Topic: Fluid power systems

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Safety Locking and alert system for Container trailers with Geo fencing2026-26-0273To be published on 01/16/2026
The Container trailer is used worldwide to transport goods & materials especially e-commerce applications with valuable materials. These container trailers are presently locked with a mechanical locking system and often broken and unlocked by unauthorized people. During transportation time, the driver stops for natural calls, food or any other breakdown, the attempt is made to steal the materials. Many cases were known only after damages are done. It has become a serious issue nowadays in the transportation industry. To avoid these problems, we have designed and developed a system that operates pneumatically with digital locking control. The system is designed to ensure proper safety by rigid mechanical locking. It is actuated by a pneumatic system consisting of Directional control valve & pneumatic cylinders. The lock and unlock inputs are given through digitally and the digital controller provides the appropriate input to solenoid operated direction control valve. Based on the
kumaran, Rajasekar
Low-speed steering returnability analysis and improvements through mathematical modeling and CAE simulation for SUV2026-26-0573To be published on 01/16/2026
In driving, steering serves as the input mechanism to control the vehicle's direction. The driver adjusts the steering input to guide the vehicle along the desired path. During maneuvers such as parking or U-turns, the steering wheel is often turned fully from lock to lock and then released. It is expected that the steering wheel quickly returns to its original position. Steering returnability is defined as the ratio of the difference between the steering wheel position at lock to lock and the steering wheel angle after 3 seconds of release, to the steering wheel angle at the lock position, under steady-state cornering conditions at 10 km/h. Industry standards dictate that the steering system should achieve 75% returnability under these conditions within 3 seconds. Achieving proper steering returnability characteristics is a critical aspect of vehicle design. Vehicles equipped with Electric Power-Assisted Steering (EPS) systems can more easily meet returnability targets since the
Singh, Ram Krishnan, ahire, Manoj, JAIN, PRIYA, Vellandi, Vikraman, SUNDARAM, RAGHUPATHI, Paua, Ketan
Analysis technique of Tractor Hydraulic system power loss contribution2026-26-0537To be published on 01/16/2026
To develop a Test Method & Procedure for measuring the Tractor hydraulic system power loss contribution. Tractor engine power measurement test conducted through tractor PTO with the help of eddy current dynamometer in Tractor PTO test bed. In this PTO test bed, the Major contribution of Engine power consumed for Transmission drive line shall be verified. In one of M&M technology project, wet PTO with integrated hydraulic system not possible to measure the Hydraulic power consumption in the PTO test bed. To measure the wet PTO transmission drive line power consumption, need to separate the Hydraulics system. First time in tractor industry hydraulics system isolated & transmission power loss measurement done to improve new Technology systems performance in M&M tractors especially in wet PTO transmission. Hence, we decided to isolate the Hydraulics system to measure the Transmission power loss. We have planned to develop & adopt our in-house test facility with suitable resources to drive
M, Kalaiselvan, Raja, R, Udayakumar, S, Prashant, Bange, Vijayakumar, Narayanan
Tractor Clutch wear simulation by Inhouse development2026-26-0572To be published on 01/16/2026
To develop an accelerated Clutch test simulation method at inhouse laboratory as System level of validation to replicate field phenomena in short time with controlled repeatability and increased test accuracy. Wet clutch is one of the M&M technology project for higher hp(75) tractors. Currently Mahindra having dry clutch system in higher hp tractors & presently Wet clutch development in progress for higher HP tractors for increasing clutch life & to reduce clutch pedal operation as per customer requirement, hence new test rig to be developed for validating new tractor wet clutch system as per RWUP. Previously tractor clutch system is completely evaluated through field testing on tractor level. Thus, there are several drawbacks in field testing like more waiting time to avail seasons, more testing time, evaluation of limited number of samples, non-availability of complete tractor on time, less accuracy, less repeatability of test results, unsafe conditions of rider, higher human fatigue
D, Yashwanth, Raja, R, Udayakumar, S, M, Jeevaharan, Vijayakumar, Narayanan
Rubber, Fluorocarbon Elastomer (FKM), 70 to 80 Hardness, Low Temperature Sealing Tg -22°F (-30°C), For Elastomeric Shapes or Parts in Gas Turbine Engine Oil, Fuel and Hydraulic SystemsAMS3384A (Current)12/09/2025
This specification covers a high temperature, compression set and fluid resistant fluorocarbon (FKM) rubber in the form of sheet, strip, tubing, extrusions, and molded shapes for aeronautical and aerospace applications.
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
Nitrogen Absorption/Desorption (Gas Dissolution) in Aircraft Shock AbsorbersAIR6942 (Current)11/26/2025
This document outlines the current state of the art in the understanding of gas in solution in shock absorber oils in unseperated shock absorbers. A literature review, overview of Henry's law, Henry's law coefficients for known gas and oil couples, in-service operational problems, lessons learned, and potential future work will be discussed in the document.
A-5B Gears, Struts and Couplings CommitteeNEW
Electrohydrostatic Actuation Applications on Aircraft ProgramsAIR6353 (Current)11/26/2025
This document will maintain a listing of all current and new EHA/EBHA aircraft applications, including parameters such as power, force, rate, etc, as is permissible for public offering.
A-6B2 Electrohydrostatic Actuation Committee
Aerospace - Lightning Effects on Hydraulic Transport Elements on AircraftAIR6185A (Current)11/26/2025
<p>This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes hydraulic system design and installation to minimize the effects of lightning, especially when the aircraft structure is composite. Techniques for effective electrical bonding, hydraulic system lightning protection, and lightning protection verification techniques are discussed.</p>
My new committee for commercial aircrafts
Landing Gear Component Heat DamageAIR5913B (Current)11/11/2025
The purpose of this report is to outline types of in-service heat damage that have been observed in high strength steel landing gear components, with an emphasis on a particular type that is referred to as “Ladder Cracking” which can develop in landing gear shock struts. The report discusses how ladder cracking can be detected visually and evaluated by non-destructive inspection methods, and how it can be repaired at overhaul with the prior approval of the Original Equipment Manufacturer. This report also describes the use of a bearing material that has resolved this problem without introducing other problems. Examples of other types of service induced heat damage are also discussed.
A-5B Gears, Struts and Couplings CommitteeNEW
Impulse Testing of Hydraulic Tubing and Fittings, S-N CurveAS4265A (Current)09/29/2025
This aerospace test standard establishes the requirements and procedures for evaluating and comparing the impulse fatigue performance of high pressure hydraulic fittings and tubing. this test method may be used to test similar fluid system components, if desired.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Mastering Physical Contact with New Algorithm for RobotsTBMG-5218112/01/2024
Penn Engineers have developed a new algorithm that allows robots to react to complex physical contact in real time, making it possible for autonomous robots to succeed at previously impossible tasks, like controlling the motion of a sliding object.
Exploring capabilities of hydraulic actuators to achieve vehicle ride targets in frequency range beyond their operational bandwidth2024-26-006001/16/2024
Active suspension systems employ sophisticated control algorithms to deliver superior comfort in vehicles. However, the capabilities of these algorithms are limited by the physical constraints of actuators. Many vehicles use hydraulic actuators in their active suspension system, which use fluid movement to control suspension motion. These systems inherently have slower response times due to the nature of fluid flow and the time required to build up or release pressure within the hydraulic system. Typically, hydraulic systems operate in a low bandwidth of 0-5 Hz. This limits their capability to only meeting vehicle’s primary ride targets which typically lie below 5 Hz. Although, they can be tuned to operate at slightly higher frequency range (up to 10 Hz), they perform poorly in attenuating the secondary ride vibration, i.e., 5 – 25 Hz. This paper focuses on identifying and developing control strategies that can allow us to affect the vehicle ride well beyond the actuator bandwidth. The
Agrawal, Ayush, Negi, Ayush, Joshi, Divyanshu
Drivetrain pressure spike evaluation methodology & optimization: Simulation and Testing Correlation2024-26-027701/16/2024
This paper describes a simulation methodology developed for pressure spike evaluation and optimization of hydraulic system architecture for off-highway applications with hydraulically actuated clutch. This pressure spike leads to a very high torque spike in driveline components during clutch pop-up conditions in puddling operations. These torque spikes lead to potential failure of driveline components i.e. gear, shaft, bearing and torsional damper during sudden engagement events. To assess the hydraulic system performance during clutch pop-up cornering conditions is very challenging and leads to compromise on operator safety in the paddy field. It is essential to develop a simulation methodology in a virtual environment to understand the system behavior during clutch pop-up condition and impact of various hydraulic system parameters. This study adopts a model-based design approach for understanding hydraulic system pressure spike phenomenon and dynamic response. Pressure spike
Memane, Nilesh, Kumar, Suneel, Veerkar, Vikrant
Reduction of carbon footprint using Additive Inspired design in Tractor Hydraulic systems2024-26-007001/16/2024
Tractor usage is growing due to introduction of wide range of implements and applications. Tractor plays a major role in Agri and Construction applications. Due to the environmental factors, restrictions are set on the tractor emissions. This brings new challenge in the tactor industry to reduce the carbon footprint. By reducing the weight of the tractor, Co2 emissions can be reduced. Many of the components in the Hydraulic systems are made of metal casting. Conventional casting process involves preparation of die & mold, material removal at unwanted regions, machining in the final stage to get the desired final product. Contrary to conventional manufacturing process, Additive Manufacturing process is a transformative approach to industrial production that enables creation of lighter and stronger parts. The process involves creation of 3D component by adding material layer by layer. The advantage of this method is the minimum wastage of raw material and possibility of integrated
Dumpa, Mahendra Reddy, Perumal, Solairaj, K, Bheshma, Gomes, Maxson, Magendran, G, Redkar, Dinesh, Londhe, Abhijit
HANDBOOK OF HYDRAULIC METRIC CALCULATIONSAIR1657 (Current)04/05/2023
SI and other metric units related to aerospace hydraulics are summarized. Conversion of English units is provided as required. Fundamental fluid properties and physical laws governing fluid motion and pressure are described in SI units. Examples of application to typical aerospace hydraulic system components are worked out. Thermodynamic processes are excluded from the scope of this report.
A-6A2 Military Aircraft Committee
Soft Mate Lifting DeviceTBMG-4691411/01/2022
Analytical modeling and multi-objective optimization of the articulated vehicle steering system2022-01-106003/29/2022
Articulated steering system is widely used in engineering vehicles due to its high mobility and low steering radius. The design parameters have a vital impact on the selection of the steering system assemblies, such as the operation stroke, pressure, and force of the hydraulic cylinders during the steering process, which will affect the system weight. The energy consumption is also relevant to the geometry parameters. According to the kinetic analysis of the steering system and dynamic analysis of the steering process, the kinetic model of an engineering vehicle steering system is established, and the power needed to boost it is calculated and validated by the field test result. The influence of the factors is analyzed based on this model. To lower the system weight and needed pressure, the multi-objective particle swarm optimization method is initiated to optimize the geometry parameter of the articulated steering system. After optimization, the weight of the system decreased by
Peng, Dengzhi
DESIGN OF LOAD CELL OPERATED MAGNETIC BRAKING SYSTEM2022-01-110603/29/2022
The traditional braking system uses hydraulic fluid with components such as master cylinder, floating calliper, brake pedal, and connecting rod. The disadvantage with this system is regular maintenance, changing of oil and leakage. To overcome these disadvantages and making it cost effective this work is proposing a Load-cell operated magnetic braking system. It is reliable and requires less maintenance. The braking process involves impressing load on the load cell installed upon the steering wheel of the car. The load is converted to electric signals and will be transferred to the amplifier, then this amplified signal is supplied to hub of the rotor which is magnetic operated and applies brake. This braking system has more safety and accuracy compared to traditional braking system. Brakes are disengaged magnetically and engaged electrically. This brake system is used for dynamic stopping and holding halt and has flexibility in controlling the braking force through voltage applied
Srivastava, Jay Prakash
Application Guide for Aerospace Hydraulic MotorsARP4940A (Current)11/09/2021
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is an application guide for fixed and variable displacement hydraulic motors. It provides details of the characteristics of fixed and variable displacement hydraulic motors, architectures, circuit designs, controls, and typical applications. The applications include airborne and defense vehicles with emphasis on high performance applications.
A-6C4 Power Sources Committee
Self-Propelled Sweepers and Scrubbers Steering Requirements Single-Circuit Hydraulic Servo-Assisted SystemsJ1790_202111 (Current)11/09/2021
The SAE Standard applies to self-propelled, driver-operated sweepers and scrubbers as defined in SAE J2130-1 and SAE J2130-2.
MTC2, Sweeper, Cleaner, and Machinery
Hydraulic Hose FittingsJ516_202111 (Current)11/09/2021
This SAE Standard provides general and dimensional specifications for the most common hose fittings used in conjunction with hydraulic hoses specified in SAE J517 and utilized in hydraulic systems on mobile and stationary equipment. The general specifications contained in Sections 1 through 17 are applicable to all hydraulic hose fittings and supplement the detailed specifications for the 100R-series fittings contained in the later sections of this document. This document shall be utilized as a procurement document only to the extent agreed upon by the manufacturer and user. Refer to SAE J517 for specifications of hose and information on hose assemblies. SAE J1273 contains information on application factors affecting hose fittings, hose, and hose assemblies. The rated working pressure of a hose assembly comprising SAE J516 fittings and SAE J517 hoses shall not exceed the lower of the two working pressure rated values. The following are hose fitting types contained in this document
Hydraulic Hose and Hose Fittings Committee
Gland Design, O-Ring and Other SealsAS4716D (Current)11/09/2021
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) provides standardized gland (groove) design criteria and dimensions for O-ring seal glands for static and dynamic applications, and other seals.
A-6C2 Seals Committee
Gland Design, O-Ring and Other SealsAS4716D-TEST-REC (Historical)11/09/2021
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) provides standardized gland (groove) design criteria and dimensions for O-ring seal glands for static and dynamic applications, and other seals.
A-6C2 Seals Committee
O-RING, MOLDED FROM AMS7379 RUBBER FOR USE WITH AS5202 PORTSAS6203A (Current)11/09/2021
A-6C2 Seals Committee
Hydraulic Hose FittingsJ516_202111-TEST-REC (Historical)11/09/2021
This SAE Standard provides general and dimensional specifications for the most common hose fittings used in conjunction with hydraulic hoses specified in SAE J517 and utilized in hydraulic systems on mobile and stationary equipment. The general specifications contained in Sections 1 through 17 are applicable to all hydraulic hose fittings and supplement the detailed specifications for the 100R-series fittings contained in the later sections of this document. This document shall be utilized as a procurement document only to the extent agreed upon by the manufacturer and user. Refer to SAE J517 for specifications of hose and information on hose assemblies. SAE J1273 contains information on application factors affecting hose fittings, hose, and hose assemblies. The rated working pressure of a hose assembly comprising SAE J516 fittings and SAE J517 hoses shall not exceed the lower of the two working pressure rated values. The following are hose fitting types contained in this document
Hydraulic Hose and Hose Fittings Committee
M83461 O-RING MOLDED FROM AMS-P-83461 RUBBERAS83461/1C (Current)11/08/2021
A-6C2 Seals Committee
Recommended Practices for Hydraulic Hose AssembliesJ1273_202110 (Current)10/28/2021
SAE J1273 provides guidelines for selection, routing, fabrication, installation, replacement, maintenance, and storage of hose and hose assemblies for hydraulic fluid-power systems. Many of these SAE Recommended Practices also may be suitable for other hoses and systems.
Hydraulic Hose and Hose Fittings Committee
Hydraulic Cylinder Leakage TestJ1336_202110 (Current)10/12/2021
Applies to hydraulic cylinders which are components of off-road self-propelled work machines defined in SAE J1116.
CTTC C1, Hydraulic Systems
Hydraulic Pump and Motor Mounting and Drive DimensionsJ744_202110 (Historical)10/08/2021
This SAE Standard applies to hydraulic pumps and motors used on off-road self-propelled work machines as described in SAE J1116.
CTTC C1, Hydraulic Systems
Hydraulic Pump and Motor Mounting and Drive DimensionsJ744_202110-TEST-REC (Historical)10/08/2021
This SAE Standard applies to hydraulic pumps and motors used on off-road self-propelled work machines as described in SAE J1116.
CTTC C1, Hydraulic Systems
Lubrication FittingsJ534_202110 (Current)10/06/2021
This SAE Standard covers complete general and dimensional specifications for the various types of lubrication fittings and related threaded components intended for general application in the automotive and allied fields.
Hydraulic Tube Fittings Committee
Lubrication FittingsJ534_202110-TEST-REC (Historical)10/06/2021
This SAE Standard covers complete general and dimensional specifications for the various types of lubrication fittings and related threaded components intended for general application in the automotive and allied fields.
Hydraulic Tube Fittings Committee
Aircraft Maintenance Jacks - General RequirementsAS4775B (Current)09/30/2021
This document covers the general requirements for hydraulic aircraft jacks. It can be applied to tripod, unipod, and axle jacks that may be used on open ramp areas as well as in the aircraft hangar. Throughout this Aerospace Standard, the minimum essential criteria are identified by the key word “shall”. Recommended criteria are identified by use of the key word “should”. Deviation from recommended criteria should only occur after careful consideration and thorough service evaluation have shown alternate methods to provide an equivalent level of safety. The term “vertical load” throughout this Aerospace Standard is defined as the force imposed on the aircraft jack at the airframe jack point.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Pallet/Container Loader Auto-Levelling SystemsARP4776 (Current)09/30/2021
The data in this document is, at this stage, primarily concerned with the interface of pallet/container loaders and lower-deck compartments of standard and wide-body aircraft although the principles illustrated may be applied to the main-decks of narrow and wide-body aircraft. NOTE: For the purpose of this document, in accordance with Part 3 of the Directives for the technical work of ISO and with accepted IATA practice, minimum essential criteria defined by the word "shall" are absolute requirements. Recommended criteria identified by the word "should", while considered important, are not mandatory.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Carbon Fiber Fabric and Epoxy Resin Wet Lay-Up Repair Material Part 5 - Carbon Fiber Fabrics, Plain Weave, 193 g/m2, and Epoxy ResinAMS2980/5A (Current)09/24/2021
This Material Specification defines the requirements of carbon fiber fabric and epoxy resin systems used for wet lay-up repair of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy structures, qualified according to AMS2980/1 and AMS2980/2. Unless otherwise specified by the drawing, the order or the inspection schedule, the present specification shall be used in conjunction with the referenced documents.
AMS CACRC Commercial Aircraft Composite Repair Committee
CABLE, FIBER OPTIC, MULTIMODE, 100/140/172 μm GRADED INDEX, NONHERMETIC, LOOSE TUBEAS5382/2B (Current)09/21/2021
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
CABLE, FIBER OPTIC, MULTI-MODE, 200/230/500 μm, STEP INDEX, TIGHT BUFFERAS5382/6B (Current)09/21/2021
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
CABLE, FIBER OPTIC, MULTIMODE, 100/140/172 μm GRADED INDEX, HERMETIC COATED, TIGHT BUFFERAS5382/1B (Current)09/21/2021
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
CABLE, FIBER OPTIC, MULTI-MODE, 50/125/450 µm, GRADED INDEX, HERMETIC COATED, TIGHT BUFFERAS5382/5B (Current)09/21/2021
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
A Method for Determining the Bunsen Coefficient of Bio-Hybrid Fuels2021-01-118709/21/2021
Since the amount of dissolved gas in fuels is an important quantity for the description of aeration in injection nozzles, this paper presents Bunsen absorption coefficients for different conventional and bio-hybrid fuels and their effect on nozzle flow phenomena. Bio-hybrid fuels can be produced both on the basis of biomass and with the help of regeneratively generated electrical energy. In contrast to previous work, the Bunsen coefficient was determined for a wide pressure range from approximately 10 MPa to 32.5 MPa. In fact, some of the fuels considered here were never before objects of investigation in terms of their solubility properties. In this work, large differences regarding the Bunsen absorption coefficient between a conventional fuel and a bio-hybrid fuel were observed. For determining the solubility of the fuels, a manometric-volumetric method was used. Based on the measurement results, coefficients for the Krichevsky-Kasarnovsky equation, which describes the pressure
Hofmeister, Marius, Rambaks, Andris, Rückert, Marcel, Grunewald, Mathias, Reddemann, Manuel, Kneer, Reinhold, Schmitz, Katharina
CABLE, FIBER OPTIC, SINGLE-MODE, 4.6/125/450 µm, HERMETIC COATED, TIGHT BUFFERAS5382/4B (Current)09/21/2021
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
Basic Pneumatic CircuitsTBMG-3956608/01/2021
Pneumatics have been used in automated machines for well over 100 years, with pneumatic technology developing and evolving for over 1,000 years in some form or another; for example, as boat sails.
Fusion Splice for Aerospace Fiber Optic CablesAS6506/1 (Current)07/23/2021
This specification includes detailed requirements for a fiber optic cable splice compliant with AS6506. Every requirement of the parent standard, AS6506, which applies to this detail specification is identified below by the word “applicable.” In any case in which a requirement of this specification varies from that of the parent standard, the alternate requirement is described. If a parent standard requirement does not apply, the words used are “not applicable.”
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
Fluid PropertiesAIR1116C (Current)07/20/2021
This report summarizes data relative to liquid fluids and their properties which are of interest to Aerospace Fluid Power technologists.
A-6C3 Fluids Committee
Aircraft Tail BumpersAIR1800B (Current)06/22/2021
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) covers the field of civilian, commercial and military airplanes and helicopters. This summary of tail bumper design approaches may be used by design personnel as a reference and guide for future airplanes and helicopters that require tail bumpers. Those described herein will consist of simple rub strips, structural loops with a wear surface for runway contact, retractable installations with replaceable shock absorbers and wear surfaces and complicated retractable tail landing gears with shock strut, wheels and tires. The information will be presented as a general description of the installation, its components and their functions.
A-5B Gears, Struts and Couplings Committee
Chip Detector, Electrical Connection, Remote IndicatingARP843B (Current)05/28/2021
This Aerospace Recommended Practice is applicable to the design of remote indicating magnetic chip detectors installed in the lube systems, hydraulic systems, controls systems, gearboxes, constant speed drives, etc. of Aerospace Power Plants. It is not applicable to the touch-to-test type terminal models.
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Fittings, 24 Degree Cone Flareless, Fluid Connection, 3000 psiAS18280H (Current)05/26/2021
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the requirements for 24 degree cone flareless fluid connection fittings and nuts, internally or externally swaged, preset, or welded sleeves for use in aircraft fluid systems at nominal operating pressures up to and including 3000 psi.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Fittings, 24 Degree Cone Flareless, Fluid Connection, 3000 psiAS18280H-TEST-REC (Historical)05/26/2021
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the requirements for 24 degree cone flareless fluid connection fittings and nuts, internally or externally swaged, preset, or welded sleeves for use in aircraft fluid systems at nominal operating pressures up to and including 3000 psi.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
FITTING, ELBOW 90°, BULKHEAD, EXTERNAL SWAGE TO FLARELESS, HYDRAULICAS6484 (Current)05/11/2021
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Methods, Locations and Criteria for System Sampling and Measuring the Solid Particle Contamination of Hydraulic FluidsARP5376C (Current)05/06/2021
This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides: Recommended methods for cleaning sample bottles, when used, and the solvents to be applied and how these solvents should be prepared. Recommendations for three measuring methods for determining the level of solid particle contamination of hydraulic fluids used in aerospace hydraulics. Recommendations for the selection of the sampling point, sampling method, and the sampling frequency.
A-6C1 Contamination and Filtration Committee
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