Browse Topic: Age groups

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Test 04J1000004_202507 (Current)07/21/2025
Test 04
Automotive Electronic Systems Reliability Standards
The Logistic Lasso and Ridge Regression Algorithm-Based Airline Passenger Satisfaction Prediction Model2025-01-716803/19/2025
Airline passenger satisfaction is important for airline operation service quality management. When airline companies carry out advertisement campaigns or plan a marketing strategy, the resources and budgets are not unlimited. Thus, an airline can only focus on improving a few factors that drive passenger satisfaction. To understand the key satisfies for the young and the old adults, respectively, we leverage five airline passenger satisfaction methods to identify the key factors that explain the airline service satisfaction of different passengers. In particular, we investigate and compare the ridge and the Lasso regularization in terms of the resulting model’s sparsity and computational efficiency. The top three important factors that influence the old’s satisfaction are departure and arrival time convenience, legroom service, and baggage handling. Our findings indicate that the young people place a higher value on entertainment, while the old adults place a higher value on usefulness
Ma, Jie, Hu, Song, Wang, Haipeng
Precision Robotics Offers Hope for Heart Disease TreatmentTBMG-5216512/01/2024
The Hospital for Sick Children/University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
Ensuring No Child Left Inside22AVEP04_0504/01/2022
Up-armed with new key technologies, Gentex is making ‘holistic’ driver and cabin monitoring a core-brand hallmark. A step-change in sensing precision is underway for vehicle interior applications, with increased capabilities spurred by new technology, customer interest in occupant safety and entertainment, and global regulations. Gentex is among those setting the pace in this fast-moving and hyper-competitive field, as it integrates its long experience in mirror-based opto-electronic systems and sensor fusion with the 2021 acquisition of Tel Aviv-based Guardian Optical Technologies and the 2020 purchase of Vaporsens. The Holland, Mich.-based Tier 1 uses the term “holistic driver and cabin monitoring” to describe the interconnection of the two main development thrusts. There is discrete driver monitoring, vital for SAE Levels 2 and 3 of driving automation, with a subset of features aimed at driver distraction, drowsiness, weariness, sudden sickness, etc. And there's the ‘holistic
Brooke, Lindsay
Electric Child Lock warning indication in Cluster2022-01-101703/29/2022
The warning lamp comes on temporarily on the instrument cluster when child lock is activated. It also should comes on when ignition is switched ON, and should get switched OFF approx. ten seconds after Engine is started. Proposal 1 : Child lock manual switch hardwired to cluster based on ground signal input, similar to door entry switch concept. Proposal 2 : Child lock integrated with central lock signal input through Child lock control via BCM signal Proposal 3 : Child lock indication to cluster based on radar signal input to BCM to control the Child lock
Ganesh, Muruga
Machine Learning Helps Detect Gait Problems in Multiple Sclerosis PatientsTBMG-3957908/01/2021
Monitoring the progression of multiple sclerosis-related gait issues can be challenging in adults over 50 years old, requiring a clinician to differentiate between problems related to MS and other age-related issues. To address this problem, researchers integrated gait data and machine learning to advance the tools used to monitor and predict disease progression.
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Qualcomm is Changing the World with C-V2X Technology1315207/06/2021
Just in time for the rollout of 5G, Qualcomm is connecting vehicles to networks, the cloud, other vehicles, pedestrians and more through C-V2X technology. Jim Misener, Senior Director of Product Management, Automotive, joins us to dig into how this technology is improving autonomy and safety. Misener, a pioneer in vehicle-highway automation and vehicle safety communication, also serves as SAE's C-V2X Technical Committee Chair. His commitment to innovation and STEM is apparent through Qualcomm's three-year commitment to provide experiential, project-based STEM learning to children through the SAE Foundation. Read about Qualcomm's STEM education investment to learn more about how you can invest in young minds and make a difference. Volunteer, donate or become a corporate partner and inspire the next generation of innovators through the SAE Foundation.
Hineman, Marcie
Development and Calibration of the Large Omnidirectional Child ATD Head Finite Element Model2021-01-092204/06/2021
To improve the biofidelity of the currently available Hybrid III 10-year-old (HIII-10C) Anthropomorphic Test Device (ATD), the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has developed the Large Omnidirectional Child (LODC) ATD. The LODC head is a redesigned HIII-10C head with mass properties and modified skin material required to match pediatric biomechanical impact response targets from the literature. A dynamic, nonlinear finite element (FE) model of the LODC head has been developed using the mesh generating tool Hypermesh based on the three-dimensional CAD model. The material data, contact definitions, and initial conditions are defined in LS-PrePost and converted to LS-Dyna solver input format. The aluminum head skull is stiff relative to head flesh material and was thus modeled as a rigid material. For the actual LODC, the head flesh is form fit onto the skull and held in place through contact friction. In an attempt to identify the matching flesh-skull contact
Katangoori, Divya Reddy, Yang, Peiyu, Noll, Scott, Stammen, Jason, Suntay, Brian, Carlson, Michael, Moorhouse, Kevin
Smartphone App Detects Early Signs of Eye Disorders in ChildrenTBMG-3763609/01/2020
A prototype smartphone app helps parents detect early signs of various eye diseases in their children such as retinoblastoma, an aggressive pediatric eye cancer. The ComputeR Assisted Detector LEukocoia (CRADLE) app searches for traces of abnormal reflections from the retina called leukocoria or “white eye,” a primary symptom of retinoblastoma as well as other common eye disorders.
5 Ws of Slip-Resistant Shoe CoatingsTBMG-3747608/01/2020
Anyone walking on icy or slippery surfaces.
5 Ws of the Infant Smart JumpsuitTBMG-3685105/01/2020
Those providing care or treatment of infants five months or older.
Accuracy of Anthropometric Scaling: Using Stature to Estimate Body Segment Lengths2020-01-052304/14/2020
In the fields of forensic accident reconstruction and biomechanical engineering, it is often necessary to estimate the length of a specific body segment for an individual, about whom little is known besides overall stature. Since body proportions and body segment lengths vary throughout the population, there will be some error in these estimations. The current study provides estimates for the accuracy of human body segment length predictions based on stature. In this study, four different methods for predicting body segment lengths based on stature were evaluated. Using publicly available adult and child anthropometric datasets, a leave-one-out cross validation analysis was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of each of the four methods in predicting body segment lengths. The results of the leave-one-out analysis showed that different prediction methods produced the best estimates for different body segment length measurements. When using the best method for each body segment, body
Campbell, Julius, Petroskey, Karla
Characterization of Thoracic Spinal Development by Age and Sex with a Focus on Occupant Safety2020-01-052004/14/2020
Spine degeneration can lower injury tolerance and influence injury outcomes in vehicle crashes. To date, limited information exists on the effect of age and sex on thoracic spine 3-dimensional geometry. The purpose of this study is to quantify thoracic spinal column and canal geometry using selected geometrical measurement from a large sample of CT scans. More than 33,488 scans were obtained from the International Center for Automotive Medicine database at the University of Michigan under Institutional Review Board approval (HUM00041441). The sample consisted of CT scans obtained from 31,537 adult and 1,951 pediatric patients between the ages of 0 to 99 years old. Each scan was processed semi-automatically using custom algorithms written in MATLAB (The Math Works, Natick, MA). Five geometrical measurements were collected including: 1) maximum spinal curvature depth (D), 2) T1-to-T12 vertical height (H), 3) Kyphosis Index (KI), 4) kyphosis angle, and 5) spinal canal radius. The data
Parenteau, Chantal, Caird, Michelle, Kohoyda-Inglis, Carla, Holcombe, Sven, Wang, Stewart
Update on Second-Row Children Responses in Rear and Frontal Crashes with a Focus on the Potential Effect of Stiffening Front Seat Structures2020-01-121504/14/2020
NHTSA has recently been petitioned to address the protection of second-row children in rear crashes due front seatback performance. The protection of children is important. However, it is more complex than assessing front seat performance in rear impacts. Viano, Parenteau (2008 [1]) analyzed cases of serious-to-fatally injured (MAIS 3+F) children up to 7 years old in the second row in rear impacts involving 1990+ model year vehicles using 1997-2005 NASS-CDS. They observed that intrusion was an important factor pushing the child forward into the back of the front seat, B-pillar or other front structure. To help assess whether stiffening the front seats would be beneficial for second-row child safety, the 2008 study was updated using more recent data and model year vehicles. In the present study, 1997-2015 NASS-CDS data were analyzed for serious-to-fatally (MAIS 3+F) injured 0- to 7-year old children in the second row with 1994+ model year vehicles. First, the data were analyzed to
Parenteau, Chantal, Viano, David
Empirical Study of the Braking Performance of Pedestrian Autonomous Emergency Braking (P-AEB)2020-01-087804/14/2020
Vehicle manufacturers are beginning to improve existing autonomous emergency braking (AEB) algorithms by adding pedestrian identification and avoidance capability. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) has performed tests on eleven such vehicles; data are publicly available and were analyzed for this study. The first objective of this study was to compare Forward Collision Warning (FCW) engagement distance to target, pedestrian automatic emergency braking (P-AEB) brake application time, and incidences of impact across different manufacturers. It was observed that there exists a wide variation in FCW and AEB performance across manufacturers. FCW engagement distance tended to increase with test speed. Time from FCW engagement to AEB engagement was usually less than one second, with some manufacturer-specific variation. Incidences of impact tended to increase with travel speed, although some vehicles tested maintained constant number of incidences of impacts at all speeds
Siddiqui, Omair, Famiglietti, Nicholas, Nguyen, Benjamin, Hoang, Ryan, Landerville, Jon
Drowsy Driver & Child Left Behind - Prevention via in Cabin CO 2 Sensing2020-01-057304/14/2020
Can one technical solution help prevent drowsy drivers and detect a child left behind? Yes, using a single, maintenance-free, Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR) gas sensor integrated in the cabin ventilation system. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an established proxy for ventilation needs in buildings. Recently, several studies have been published showing a moderate elevation of the indoor carbon dioxide level effect cognitive performance such as information usage, activity, focus and crisis response. A study of airplane pilots using 3-hour flight simulation tests, showed pilots made 50% more mistakes when exposed to 2,500 ppm carbon dioxide compared to 700 ppm. This has a direct impact on safety. All living animals and humans exhale carbon dioxide. In our investigations we have found that an unintentionally left behind child, or pet, can easily be detected in a parked car by analyzing the carbon dioxide trends in the cabin. Even an 8-month old baby acts as a carbon dioxide source, increasing
Rödjegård, Henrik, Franchy, Michael, Ehde, Staffan, Zoubir, Yassine, Al-Khaldy, Sam, Olsson, Patrik, Bengtsson, Carl, Nowak, Tony, O'Brien, Don
New Solution to Elderly Falls: Drones, Smartphones and SensorsTBMG-3615403/01/2020
A new system has been designed by a team of researchers from Iraq and the University of South Australia to remotely monitor elderly people, detecting abnormalities in their heart rate and temperature that can lead to falls, and provide urgent first aid via a drone if a fall occurs.
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Design Technology with Children in Mind1288902/11/2020
Hospitals aren't often associated with mobility innovation. Children's Hospital of Philadelphia's (CHOP) Center for Injury Research and Prevention (CIRP) shifts that thinking. Valentina Graci, Ph.D., a research scientist at CIRP/CHOP, sits down with host Grayson Brulte at SAE's Government/Industry Meeting to discuss all things child safety in vehicles, including her research efforts on automotive safety, autonomous vehicles warnings, safe seat design and position, seatbelts and why AV designs should consider the current and future unique safety needs of children. Valentina details why CHOP is focusing on AV research, discusses the proper use of booster seats for keeping children safe and looks to when children might ride in an AV without a parent.
Hineman, Marcie
Making a Great Cardio Product Even Better: The Next-Generation Zio Heart PatchTBMG-3577901/01/2020
Nearly half of all adults in the United States have some type of cardiovascular disease. This group of over 121 million people are often diagnosed with potential arrhythmias but physicians need to be able to diagnose them quickly and efficiently to ultimately save lives. One company is redefining the way cardiac arrhythmias are clinically diagnosed to help physicians do just that. The new device from iRhythm “combines wearable biosensor devices worn for up to 14 days and cloud-based data analytics with powerful proprietary algorithms that distill data from millions of heartbeats into clinically actionable information,” the company says.
Wearable Trackers Predict Death RiskTBMG-3562912/01/2019
A recent study shows that wearable accelerometers — mechanical sensors worn like a watch, belt, or bracelet to track movement — are a more reliable measure of physical activity and better than patient surveys and other methods used by physicians at assessing five-year risk of death in older adults.
Wearable Motion Sensors Measure Fetal HeartbeatTBMG-3545511/01/2019
A technique was developed that could allow expectant parents to hear their baby’s heartbeat continuously at home with a non-invasive and safe device that is potentially more accurate than any fetal heartrate monitor currently available in the market.
Wearable Sensors Could Reduce StillbirthsTBMG-3551111/01/2019
A new technique could allow expectant parents to hear their baby’s heartbeat continuously at home with a noninvasive and safe device that is potentially more accurate than any fetal heart rate monitor currently available on the market.
Q&A: Wearable Motion Sensors Could Save Unborn BabiesTBMG-3527510/01/2019
Negar Tavossolian is Associate Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ. She led a project to develop a lightweight, non-invasive sensor to monitor fetal heart rate and motion that could sense abnormalities warning of possible stillbirths.
Wearable Monitor Continuously Measures Breath Rate and VolumeTBMG-3491008/01/2019
Researchers developed a wearable, disposable respiration monitor that provides high-fidelity readings on a continuous basis. It's designed to help children with asthma and cystic fibrosis, and others with chronic pulmonary conditions.
A Case Study on Golf Car Powertrain NVH Sources and Mitigation Methods2019-01-147806/05/2019
The golf market has remained flat in North America. Whereas, it has grown worldwide. A trend is seen where the number of young adults and adults over the age of 65 years involved with the game has increased. The demographics in golf showing the most growth also have high standards for the operation of the golf car. They have transcended their expectations to align with some of the qualities expected of automobiles. There is a shift in consumer expectations. Moreover, the market competition has also increased. This drives the OEMs to deliver refined golf cars with NVH being a key aspect in development. This paper showcases a recent study to improve the powertrain N&V performance of an internal combustion engine golf car. Primarily, a test-based approach is followed. Chassis rolls and on road testing are performed for benchmarking and target setting. System and component tests are performed to root cause issues. The tests further help to provide input for mitigation methods for
Carter, Steven, Buczek, Kenneth, Clark, Adam, Pathak, Mayuresh
Development of Subject-Specific Elderly Female Finite Element Models for Vehicle Safety2019-01-122404/02/2019
Previous study suggested that female, thin, obese, and older occupants had a higher risk of death and serious injury in motor vehicle crashes. Human body finite element models were a valuable tool in the study of injury biomechanics. The mesh deformation method based on radial basis function(RBF) was an attractive alternative for morphing baseline model to target models. Generally, when a complex model contained many elements and nodes, it was impossible to use all surface nodes as landmarks in RBF interpolation process, due to its prohibitive computational cost. To improve the efficiency, the current technique was to averagely select a set of nodes as landmarks from all surface nodes. In fact, the location and the number of selected landmarks had an important effect on the accuracy of mesh deformation. Hence, how to select important nodes as landmarks was a significant issue. In the paper, an efficient peak point-selection RBF mesh deformation method was used to select landmarks. The
Dong, Wenxiang, Zhan, Zhenfei, Yin, Yunlei, Li, Junming, Wang, Qingmiao, Jin, Xin
Quantification of Sternum Morphomics and Injury Data2019-01-121704/02/2019
Crash safety researchers have an increased concern regarding the decreased thoracic deflection and the contributing injury causation factors among the elderly population. Sternum fractures are categorized as moderate severity injuries, but can have long term effects depending on the fragility and frailty of the occupant. Current research has provided detail on rib morphology, but very little information on sternum morphology, sternum fracture locations, and mechanisms of injury. The objective of this study is two-fold (1) quantify sternum morphology and (2) document sternum fracture locations using computed tomography (CT) scans and crash data. Thoracic CT scans from the University of Michigan Hospital database were used to measure thoracic depth, manubriosternal joint, sternum thickness and bone density. The sternum fracture locations and descriptions were extracted from 63 International Center for Automotive Medicine (ICAM) crash cases, of which 22 cases had corresponding CT scans
Bunn, Barbara, Johannson, Suzanne, Kohoyda-Inglis, Carla, Wang, Stewart, Parenteau, Chantal, Holcombe, Sven
Speeds of Child Cyclists2019-01-041904/02/2019
Many published studies have characterized walking and running speeds of young children. However, there is a paucity of data on the cycling speeds of very young children (4 to 5 years old). The purpose of this study was to obtain an estimate of cycling speed for boys and girls both who are learning to ride bicycles (i.e., younger children who still ride with training wheels) and who have already learned to ride bicycles (i.e., slightly older children who no longer use training wheels). A sample of 32 child riders (17 boys, 15 girls; 17 four-year-olds who still ride with training wheels, 15 five-year-olds who do not) were asked to ride a short pre-defined distance at their usual speed when riding, and again at their highest speed. We found that while age and experience can differentiate riders, there were only small differences between boys’ and girls’ speeds in either age group. These descriptive results can be used in various applications from traffic engineering to accident
Crump, Caroline, Bui, Young
Handheld Probe Images Photoreceptors in ChildrenTBMG-3324711/01/2018
Duke University researchers have developed a handheld probe that can image individual photoreceptors in the eyes of infants. The technology, based on adaptive optics, will make it easier for physicians and scientists to observe these cells to diagnosis eye diseases and make early detection of brain-related diseases and trauma.
OFFSET: A Global Carbon Cycle GameTBMG-2970507/01/2018
The OFFSET video game was designed to teach children the basics of the carbon cycle in a fun and engaging way. The game play is a mix of Pong, Breakout, and RTS. The game has a retro-art style, and uses Game Center, so that players can compare scores with each other.
Nonprofit Pushes Design Limits to Develop Life-Saving Technology for Underprivileged CommunitiesTBMG-2851703/01/2018
Nearly four million infants in developing countries die each year within a month of birth due to complications of prematurity, low birth weight, and infection. Design that Matters (DtM), a nonprofit organization, is committed to helping prevent these deaths by providing the medical devices needed to give at-risk newborns a warm and clean environment to help them grow strong.
Kid: A Telemedicine Solution for Retinopathy of PrematurityTBMG-2784411/01/2017
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disease that affects premature infants. It is the leading cause of childhood blindness. Although effective treatments exist, many infants are still at-risk due to the small window of time for detection. The current standard of care consists of in-person, manual screening by a pediatric ophthalmologist. Unfortunately, the number of infants in need of screening far surpasses the availability of specifically trained ophthalmologists. Consequently, fewer than 30 percent of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) worldwide have fully compliant ROP screening programs.
From Trolley to Autonomous Vehicle: Perceptions of Responsibility and Moral Norms in Traffic Accidents with Self-Driving Cars2016-01-016404/05/2016
Autonomous vehicles represent a new class of transportation that may be qualitatively different from existing cars. Two online experiments assessed lay perceptions of moral norms and responsibility for traffic accidents involving autonomous vehicles. In Experiment 1, 120 US adults read a narrative describing a traffic incident between a pedestrian and a motorist. In different experimental conditions, the pedestrian, the motorist, or both parties were at fault. Participants assigned less responsibility to a self-driving car that was at fault than to a human driver who was at fault. Participants confronted with a self-driving car at fault allocated greater responsibility to the manufacturer and the government than participants who were confronted with a human driver at fault did. In Experiment 2, 120 US adults read a narrative describing a moral dilemma in which a human driver or a self-driving car must decide between either allowing five pedestrians to die or taking action to hit a
Li, Jamy, Zhao, Xuan, Cho, Mu-Jung, Ju, Wendy, Malle, Bertram F.
Forward Collision Warning: Clues to Optimal Timing of Advisory Warnings2016-01-143904/05/2016
We examined the effectiveness of a heads-up Forward Collision Warning (FCW) system in 39 younger to middle aged drivers (25-50, mean = 35 years) and 37 older drivers (66-87, mean = 77 years). The warnings were implemented in a fixed based, immersive, 180 degree forward field of view simulator. The FCW included a visual advisory component consisting of a red horizontal bar which flashed in the center screen of the simulator that was triggered at time-to-collision (TTC) 4 seconds. The bar roughly overlapped the rear bumper of the lead vehicle, just below the driver’s line-of-sight. A sustained auditory tone (∼80 dB) was activated at TTC=2 to alert the driver to an imminent collision. Hence, the warning system differed from the industry standard in significant ways. 95% Confidence intervals for the safety gains ranged from -.03 to .19 seconds in terms of average correction time across several activations. Older and younger adults did not differ in terms of safety gains. Closer inspection
Rizzo, Matthew, Aksan, Nazan, Sager, Lauren, Hacker, Sarah, Marini, Robert, Dawson, Jeffrey, Anderson, Steven
Dissolution of the Gap between Safety Requirements Written in a Natural Language and Formal Notations2016-01-013304/05/2016
Safety concepts are essential to conform to functional safety standard ISO 26262 for automotive products. Safety requirements, which are a part of safety concepts, shall be satisfied by products to avoid hazards by vehicles to maintain their safety. Incompleteness of safety requirements must be avoided in deriving parent requirements to its children. However, measure for checking is only reviewing when the safety requirements are described in a natural language. This measure for checking is not objective or stringent. We developed a specification technique written in formal notation that addresses some of the shortcomings of capturing safety requirements for verification purposes. Safety requirements in this notation are expressed in goal tree models, which originate from goal-oriented requirement engineering Knowledge Acquisition in autOmated Specification (KAOS). Each requirement is written with propositional logic as the node of a tree. Completeness is automatically verified with a
Matsubara, Masahiro, Narisawa, Fumio, Ohno, Atsuhiro, Aoki, Toshiaki, Chiba, Yuki
Development of Bicycle Surrogate for Bicyclist Pre-Collision System Evaluation2016-01-144704/05/2016
As part of active safety systems for reducing bicyclist fatalities and injuries, Bicyclist Pre-Collision System (BPCS), also known as Bicyclist Autonomous Emergency Braking System, is being studied currently by several vehicles manufactures. This paper describes the development of a surrogate bicyclist which includes a surrogate bicycle and a surrogate bicycle rider to support the development and evaluation of BPCS. The surrogate bicycle is designed to represent the visual and radar characteristics of real bicyclists in the United States. The size of bicycle surrogate mimics the 26 inch adult bicycle, which is the most popular adult bicycle sold in the US. The radar cross section (RCS) of the surrogate bicycle is designed based on RCS measurement of the real adult sized bicycles. The surrogate bicycle is constructed with detachable components with shatter resistant material to prevent structural damage during a collision, and matches the look and RCS of a real 26 inch mountain bicycle
Yi, Qiang, Chien, Stanley, Brink, Jason, Niu, Wensen, Li, Lingxi, Chen, Yaobin, Chen, Chi-Chen, Sherony, Rini, Takahashi, Hiroyuki
How 3D Printing Can Aid in Brain SurgeryTBMG-2307410/01/2015
Physicians at Boston Children’s Hospital report that four children with life-threatening cerebrovascular malformations posing surgical challenges have benefited from surgeons having 3D-printed models of their unique brain structures before undergoing high-risk brain procedures.
Predicted Device-Degradation Failure-Rate2015-01-255509/15/2015
There is a concern that the continuing trend on miniaturization (Moore's law) in IC design and fabrication might have a negative impact on the device reliability. To understand and to possibly quantify the physics underlying this concern and phenomenon, it is natural to proceed from the experimental bathtub curve (BTC) - reliability “passport” of the device. This curve reflects the combined effect of two major irreversible governing processes: statistics-related mass-production process that results in a decreasing failure rate with time, and reliability-physics-related degradation (aging) process that leads to an increasing failure rate. It is the latter process that is of major concern of a device designer and manufacturer. The statistical process can be evaluated theoretically, using a rather simple predictive model. Owing to that and assuming that the two processes of interest are statistically independent one can assess the failure rates associated with the aging process from the
Suhir, Ephraim, Bensoussan, Alain, Nicolics, Johann
Improved Detection of Kidney Stones Using S-mode UltrasoundTBMG-2256108/01/2015
Ultrasound has been a useful tool in the detection of kidney stones. It is a low-cost solution that does not require ionizing radiation that would be harmful to vulnerable populations such as children and recurrent stone formers. However, it suffers from a broad range of sensitivity (78 to 96%) and specificity (31 to 100%) in the detection of stones.
Effects of Pretensioners and Load Limiters on 50th Male and 5th Female Seated in Rear Seat during a Frontal Collision2015-01-146004/14/2015
This study was conducted to explore the effect of various combinations of seatbelt-related safety components (namely, retractor pretensioners and load limiting retractors) on the adult rear passenger involved in a frontal collision. The study was conducted on a 50th Male and a 5th Female Hybrid III ATD in the rear seat of a mid-sized sedan. Each ATD was seated in an outboard position with 3-point continuous lap-shoulder belts. On these belts were combinations of pretensioners and load limiters. Since the main objective of this test series was to cross-compare the seatbelt configurations, front seats were not included in the buck in order to avoid uncontrollable variables that would have affected the comparison study if the possibility of contact with the front seat were allowed. Nevertheless, there was a short barrier devised to act as a foot-stop for both ATDs. A design of experiment (DOE) was constructed as a full factorial with and without a pretensioner and three types of load
Tavakoli, Massoud, Brelin-Fornari, Janet
Features of Fatal Cyclist Injuries in Vehicle-Versus-Cyclist Accidents in Japan2015-01-141504/14/2015
Fatal injuries suffered by cyclists in vehicle-versus-cyclist accidents are investigated to provide information for the introduction of safety countermeasures. We analyzed characteristics of cyclist injuries in real fatal accidents and compared them with severity levels of head injury in impact tests against a road surface. In the accident analyses, we investigated the main body regions whose injuries led to fatalities using a macro vehicle-cyclist accident database of the Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis of Japan. Using data from 2009 to 2013, we investigated the frequency of cyclist fatalities by gender, age group, vehicle speed, and the source of fatal head injury (impact with the vehicle or road surface). Results indicated that head injuries are the most common cause of cyclist fatalities in car-cyclist accidents. The results also indicated that the percentage of fatalities due to hip injuries was significantly higher for females than for males, and
Matsui, Yasuhiro, Oikawa, Shoko
Auditory Implant Bypasses Inner EarTBMG-2160702/18/2015
A team of hearing and communication experts led by the Keck School of Medicine of USC successfully implanted an auditory brainstem implant (ABI) device in four children who previously could not hear.
Detecting Newborn Jaundice with a SmartphoneTBMG-2091311/01/2014
Newborn jaundice is a common condition in babies. While yellowing of the skin is a primary indicator, that discoloration may be hard to see and, if left untreated, can harm a baby. University of Washington, Seattle, engineers and physicians have developed a smartphone app that can check for jaundice and can deliver results to parents and pediatricians within minutes.
Engineering Systems for Special Needs ChildrenTBMG-2026008/01/2014
A group of engineers and students at Kansas State University, Manhattan, is developing technology to improve the health and quality of life for children with severe developmental disabilities. The team is collaborating with Heartspring Inc., a Wichita-based non-profit therapeutic residential and day school program, which serves students with multiple diagnoses, including autism spectrum disorders, cerebral palsy, other developmental disabilities.
Calculating Helium for Pediatric RadiotherapyTBMG-1966505/01/2014
Researchers at the Medical University of Vienna/AKH Vienna, Austria, say that they have been able to demonstrate that the use of helium ions in radiation therapy could provide accurate treatment to tumors while helping to spare healthy organs. A treatment planning study presented at European Society for Radiotherapy & Oncology (ESTRO) Congress 33 in April showed that helium may provide effects superior to radiotherapy using protons, which are already a considerable advance on conventional photon beam radiotherapy.
Modeling Real People in Real Buses: Implications Concerning Tire, Axle and Vehicle Weights2014-01-087504/01/2014
The current certification requirements under CFR 49, Part 567 state that GVWR of a motor vehicle shall not be less than the sum of the unloaded vehicle weight, rated cargo weight and 150 pounds times the number of designated seating positions. Actual occupant weight distributions versus certified weight per occupant seat causes a potential conflict between a vehicle's in-use weights versus its certified GVWR. Population weight distributions were developed based upon The Center for Disease Control's (CDC) publication of 2007 - 2010 anthropometric reference data and publically available weights of a special population from high school football teams. For five buses from small (18-seat) to large (55-seat), key parameters were measured. The weight distributions and bus parametric data were combined in a probabilistic analysis to explore the probability that passengers and rated cargo would result in weight distributions that exceeded tire load capability, Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR
Arndt, Mark William
Experience and Skill Predict Failure to Brake Errors: Further Validation of the Simulated Driving Assessment2014-01-044504/01/2014
Driving simulators offer a safe alternative to on-road driving for the evaluation of performance. In addition, simulated drives allow for controlled manipulations of traffic situations producing a more consistent and objective assessment experience and outcome measure of crash risk. Yet, few simulator protocols have been validated for their ability to assess driving performance under conditions that result in actual collisions. This paper presents results from a new Simulated Driving Assessment (SDA), a 35- to-40-minute simulated assessment delivered on a Real-Time® simulator. The SDA was developed to represent typical scenarios in which teens crash, based on analyses from the National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey (NMVCCS). A new metric, failure to brake, was calculated for the 7 potential rear-end scenarios included in the SDA and examined according two constructs: experience and skill. The study included an inexperienced group (n=21): 16-17 year olds with 90 days or fewer of
Winston, Flaura, McDonald, Catherine, Kandadai, Venk, Winston, Zachary, Seacrist, Thomas
Fiber-Optic Pen Allows View into Children’s BrainsTBMG-1674508/01/2013
Scientists at the University of Washington, Seattle, say that for less than $100, they have designed a computer-interfaced drawing pad that can help scientists see inside the brains of children with learning disabilities as they read and write. To create the system, the researchers hollowed out a ballpoint pen and inserted two optical fibers connected to a light-tight box in an adjacent control room where the pen’s movement is recorded. They also created a simple wooden square pad to hold a piece of paper printed with continuously varying color gradients. The custom pen and pad allow researchers to record handwriting during functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI, to assess behavior and brain function at the same time.
Dynamic Server-Based KML Code Generator Method for Levelof-Detail Traversal of Geospatial DataTBMG-1679707/01/2013
Geospatial data servers that support Web-based geospatial client applications such as Google Earth and NASA World Wind must listen to data requests, access appropriate stored data, and compile a data response to the requesting client application. This process occurs repeatedly to support multiple client requests and application instances. Newer Webbased geospatial clients also provide userinteractive functionality that is dependent on fast and efficient server responses. With massively large datasets, serverclient interaction can become severely impeded because the server must determine the best way to assemble data to meet the client applications request. In client applications such as Google Earth, the user interactively wanders through the data using visually guided panning and zooming actions. With these actions, the client application is continually issuing data requests to the server without knowledge of the server’s data structure or extraction/assembly paradigm.
Repeatability of a Small Overlap and an Oblique Moving Deformable Barrier Test Procedure2013-01-076204/08/2013
NHTSA has developed two different moving deformable barrier-to-vehicle test procedures to assess the vehicle and occupant response in narrow overlap motor vehicle crashes. An assessment of test repeatability is one of the requirements necessary to accept the test procedure as viable. Previous methodologies, coefficient of variation (CV) and similarity analysis were developed to assess the repeatability of vehicle and occupant response in motor vehicle crash tests for full frontal and 40% overlap tests procedures. These will be used for this assessment. Three repeat tests were performed in each test procedure, with all other factors held constant: vehicles of the same make, model, and model year; moving deformable barriers of the same mass, velocity, and barrier face properties; and the same occupant - a THOR 50th percentile adult male in the driver's seat. In general, for this one vehicle make and model the repeatability of both vehicle and occupant response metrics were good for both
Saunders, James, Parent, Daniel
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