This paper presents experimental research aimed at developing novel low lubrication methods for rotorcraft and jet engines, focusing on sustaining minimal lubrication to prevent catastrophic bearing failure during loss of lubrication (LoL) events or to increase fuel consumption performance on once-through, fuel-oil bearing lubrication engines. Utilizing two high-speed bearing test rigs simulating low and high thrust class engine conditions, the study establishes lower bounds for oil flow rates necessary to maintain thermal stability and prevent thermal runaway in hybrid ball bearings. These findings inform the design of the Zulu Pod (ZPod), a passively driven, self-contained oil delivery system that uses engine compressor bleed air to precisely meter lubricant flow. Engine test stand results demonstrate that replacing traditional fuel-oil lubrication with the ZPod system reduces thrust specific fuel consumption (TSFC) by an average of 7%, with up to 11% savings, without compromising

Boersma, Pieter, Currier, Todd, Ferrante, Jason, Rosenthal, Julius

Optimal Approaches of Unmanned Helicopters in Wind-Sensitive Maritime Operations

F-0081-2025-0248

5/20/2025

Helicopters' Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) capabilities are essential for maritime operations, especially for small-deck naval vessels. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) offer a cheaper, expendable, and efficient alternative for certain tasks, such as reducing pilot risk and lowering fuel consumption. While the procedures to approach and land on (moving) ships are standardized and bound to established operational limits in the case of crewed helicopters, UAVs lack such guidelines. This study investigates optimal rotary-wing UAV approach trajectories to a moving ship, for varying wind conditions and relative initial positions, and for different objectives. The goal is to provide preliminary guidelines for maritime UAV recovery operations, and a preliminary estimation of performance-based operational limits. The optimal trajectories are obtained using a global path-performance optimization framework based on Optimal Control Theory. The trajectories are compared to each other and to

Pavel, Marilena, Voskuijl, Mark, Varriale, Carmine, Zilver, Damy

Development of Cylinder Deactivation Control during Idle for Conventional Engines

2024-32-00194/18/2025

This report examines the advancement and utilization of cylinder deactivation technology that enhances fuel efficiency in conventional engines without hardware modifications. It operates by halting fuel supply to some of the cylinders in multi-cylinder engines and increasing the output power of the remaining active cylinders to maintain an idle state. By implementing this technology in the mass-produced 90° V-twin engine, the U502, and deactivating one of its two cylinders, fuel consumption during idling is reduced by over 30%. The focus of this study is on the technology developed to minimize engine speed fluctuations during the transition to cylinder deactivation and reactivation for the engine. By making various modifications to the fuel injection control sequence and optimizing the throttle opening of each cylinder in idle and driving conditions, engine speed fluctuations were minimized. This allows users to reduce fuel consumption while maintaining the engine’s original

YANAGIDA, Shoji

Virtual Calibration Approach to the Development of Control Systems and Strategies for Hybrid L-Category Vehicles

2024-32-00664/18/2025

Hybrid powertrain for motorcycles has not been widely adopted to date but has recently shown significant increased interest and it is believed to have great potential for fuel economy containment in real driving conditions. Moreover, this technology is suitable for the expected new legislations, reduced emissions and enables riding in Zero Emissions Zones, so towards a more carbon neutral society while still guaranteeing “motorcycle passion” for the product [1, 2]. Several simulation tools and methods are available for the concept phase of the hybrid system design, allowing definition of the hybrid components and the basic hybrid strategies, but they are not able to properly represent the real on-road behaviour of the hybrid vehicle and its specific control system, making the fine tuning and validation work very difficult. Motorcycle riders are used to expect instant significant torque delivery on their demand, that is not properly represented in legislative cycles (e.g. WMTC); rider

Antoniutti, Christian, Sweet, David, Hounsham, Sandra

Model-Based Calibration of ECU for Small Motorcycles

2024-32-00244/18/2025

To deal with the emission regulations it is necessary to produce ECU control maps that maintain balance of emissions of HC, NOX, CO, engine power output and fuel consumption during the motorcycle development. We have recently introduced the Model-Based Calibration (hereafter as MBC) for calibration of ECU control maps for small motorcycles, which share a big chunk of the market. When introducing we aimed at such a method that can simulate stable temperature conditions necessary for the measurement in order to make it applicable to air-cooled engines predominantly used in small motorcycles. To decrease performance difference between the prototype and the mass-production, the newly developed method allows rewriting of control parameters such as the ignition timing using the mass-production ECU. The fully automated data acquisition along with the application of MBC permits continuous test operations even in nighttime and on holidays. Moreover, the MBC flow was made such a manner that

Fujiwara, Hirofumi, Maruyama, Atsushi, Kasai, Yoshiyuki

Basic Investigation of Thermodynamic Effects on a Hydrogen Two-Stroke Engine

2024-32-00394/18/2025

The spark ignited two-stroke engine, as a cost-efficient power unit with low maintenance demand, is used millionfold for the propulsion of hand-held application, motorcycles, scooters, boats and others. The outstanding power to weight ratio is the key advantage for two-stroke engines. However, poor exhaust emissions, caused by high scavenge losses, especially on port controlled two-stroke engines, and a low efficiency are disadvantages of this combustion process. Under the aspect of increasing environment- and health awareness, the two-stroke technology driven with fossil resources, shows no future advantage. The anthropogenic climate change force for sustainable development of combustion engines whereby reduction of fuel consumption or usage of alternative fuels is an important factor. Best way of a decarbonization to fulfil future climate goals is the utilization of non-carbon fuels. In this field of fuels, hydrogen, with its high energy content and close inexhaustible availability

Yasuda, Terutaka, Oswald, Roland, Kirchberger, Roland

Investigation on the Applicability of Passive Type Pre-Chamber with One Port Fuel Injection System to Small Gasoline Engines

2024-32-00334/18/2025

Pre-chamber combustion has been applied as a method of low fuel consumption in spark ignition engines, and in recent years the application of pre-chambers to gasoline engines has also been actively studied. In many gasoline engines, stoichiometric combustion is common. We decided that a passive type pre-chamber with only one port fuel injection is sufficient for stoichiometric combustion. The pre-chamber system relatively has two merits of lower cost and ease of installing than other prechamber systems. Therefore, we focused on investigating the effects of improving combustion speed and knock resistance in use of the passive type pre-chamber and the applicability of the pre-chamber system in various operating points. As the concrete approach, we evaluated the heat balance and the knock resistance with and without a pre-chamber in engine bench test. As a result, the knock resistance and the fuel consumption were improved. In addition, as a result of considering lean burn in the passive

Nakao, Yoshinori, Sakurai, Yota, Hisano, Atsushi, Saitou, Masahito, Suzuki, Tomoharu

SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Electrified Trailers for the Heavy-Duty Truck Market

135043/3/2025

Can the commercial transportation industry move beyond diesel? Yes, and it starts with practical decarbonization that makes trailers smarter, safer, and more efficient. Range Energy is accelerating the electrification of commercial transportation via powered trailers for the heavy-duty truck market. With a solution that can easily hook up to any tow vehicle, Range's powered trailers offer offroad mobile power with an electric propulsion system that slashes fuel consumption and is compatible with dry van and refrigerated trailers. To learn more, we sat down with Ali Javidan, CEO and Founder of Range Energy, to discuss the future of the electrified trailer market, the journey from prototype to scalable commercial success, and the impact of Formula SAE on his personal growth. We'd love to hear from you. Share your comments, questions and ideas for future topics and guests to podcast@sae.org. Don't forget to take a moment to follow SAE Tomorrow Today--a podcast where we discuss emerging

Hineman, Marcie

Performance Analysis of Graphene-Coated Heat Pipe Heat Exchangers for Automobile Exhaust Cooling and Purification

2025-01-50061/23/2025

This research investigates the development of a heat pipe heat exchanger coated with graphene for cooling and purification of automobile exhausts. The heat exchanger directly affects the performance of the engine because proper heat dissipation and transfer can improve engine performance, reduce fuel consumption, and decrease the emission. Moreover, this effect is much more noticeable on coated heat pipes because of the enhanced thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the graphene films. A heat null emitted by internal combustion engines was used in the experimental setup to test the thermal performance, cooling efficiency, and purification efficiency of the newly designed in-house exhaust simulation system where the new heat pipes were inserted. The results of the experiment show that the heat pipes have very high thermal performance as the efficiency of the heat pipes was calculated to be around 85%. Furthermore, the temperature decrease over the surfaces of the heat

Karthigairajan, M., Seeniappan, Kaliappan, Balaji, N., Natrayan, L., Sheik, Salman Basha, Ravi, D.

SIMULATION FOR VEHICLE-TO-VEHICLE AND VEHICLE-TO-GRID RESOURCE SHARING ANALYSIS

2024-01-3444

11/15/2024

ABSTRACT A simulation capable of modeling grid-tied electrical systems, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V) resource sharing was developed within the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Using the steady state admittance matrix approach, the unknown currents and voltages within the network are determined at each time step. This eliminates the need for states associated with the distributed system. Each vehicle has two dynamic states: (1) stored energy and (2) fuel consumed while the generators have only a single fuel consumed state. One of its potential uses is to assess the sensitivity of fuel consumption with respect to the control system parameters used to maintain a vehicle-centric bus voltage under dynamic loading conditions.

Jane, Robert S., Parker, Gordon G., Weaver, Wayne W., Goldsmith, Steven Y.

Dynamics of a Variable Speed Hybrid-Electric Helicopter Propulsion System

F-0080-2024-1252

5/7/2024

In this paper, a comprehensive dynamic simulation of a parallel hybrid gas-electric single main rotor helicopter involving a motor/generator (MG) pair and a differential planetary gear transmission (PGT) arrangement forming an electronic continuously variable transmission (E-CVT) was performed. This notional hybrid electric helicopter was sized based on a retrofit of a dual engine, 10000 lb, 2500 Hp class helicopter. The total weight added by the electric components was 182 lbs which increased the propulsion system weight from 1184 to 1366 lbs. The simulation results found that at 110 kts cruise, the hybrid electric system enabled a 27% reduction in main rotor rpm which resulted in an 18% reduction in the fuel burn rate. It is concluded that use of an E-CVT parallel hybrid propulsion system offers potential for increased flight range and reduced fuel consumption in medium to large-scale helicopter applications.

DeSmidt, Hans, Ai, Zhisheng

Front-loading: Virtual Validation and Calibration on LABCAR

2024-26-02471/16/2024

The advent of BS6 coupled with RDE emission norms has increased the development efforts and costs due to the shear amount of testing and validation on real engines and vehicles which are necessitated by these stringed norms. Front-loading of tasks by moving actual vehicle and engine tasks on to virtual setup, will reduce the development efforts and costs significantly. This front-loading of tasks on to a LABCAR would need real time and highly accurate plant models, tools to parameterize these plant models and accurate data driven models to predict dynamic parameters like emissions. In this collaborative work between MSIL and ETAS India, ETAS VVTB + ICE plant models were parameterized with the data generated on engine test with ASCMO Global DoE test plan by using ASCMO MOCA. These plants models were optimized to an accuracy level of more than 95%. The ASCMO Global test plan also ensures the coverage of data points across the entire engine operating space. The optimized plant model

SAMADDAR, SOUMIK, Varsha, Anuroopa, Garg, Charu, Galgali, Abhishek, P R, Renjith

Energy Conservation And Protecting Global Health By Automated Corporate Transport Services Application/System.

2024-26-02381/16/2024

Energy Conservation And Protecting Global Health By Automated Corporate Transport Services Application/System. Now a days the huge problem our globe is facing is global warming and energy conservation. All world engineering is happening around this topic particularly, that’s why we have introduce clean fuels, EV’s, solar systems, stopping all conventional energy sources ex; thermal power plants, limited use of coal and conventional fuel etc. world is putting all investment, technology in making world a better place to live and sustain healthy environment. That’s the corporates also up to, saving paper by limited use of it, no carbon footprint awareness program, saving electricity using more day light many more. Still, corporates are missing on crucial point known to all, i.e. To daily commute from office to home employees are using their own vehicle hatchback, sedan, SUV etc. As India a country with hot climate it is understandable that to retain work energy, we need comfortable

Thakare, Ashish

Nanotechnology in Transportation Vehicles

2024-26-02351/16/2024

Nanotechnology has received increasing attention and is being applied in the transportation vehicle field. With their unique physical and chemical characteristics, nanomaterials can significantly enhance the safety and durability of transportation vehicles. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of nanotechnology and how this technology can be applied in improving the comfort, safety, and speed of transportation vehicles. Moreover, this paper systematically examines the recent developments and applications of nanotechnology in the transportation vehicle industry, including nano-coatings, nano filters, carbon black for tires, nanoparticles for engine performance enchantment and fuel consumption reduction. Also, it introduces the main challenges for broader applications, such as environmental, health and safety concerns. Since several nanomaterials have shown tremendous performance and have been theoretically researched, they can be potential candidates for applications in future

Khadake, Nilesh, Yadav, Prashant

Experimental Investigation on Emission Characteristics of a GDI Engine with ethanol-blended gasoline Fuels

2024-26-01551/16/2024

Ethanol-gasoline blended fuels have been widely implemented in Indian markets followed by the GOIs road map as ethanol reduces life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions and improves anti-knock performance. However, its effects on engine out emissions including particulate matter (PM) from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines still need further investigation. In this study, the effect of ethanol blended gasoline fuels with various blended rates (0%, 10%, 20%) on emissions and catalyst conversion efficiencies on a 1.2-liter 3-cylinder turbo GDI miller cycle engine is investigated. The addition of ethanol to gasoline fuel enhances the RON of the blended fuels, and oxygen content and changes the distillation temperature. Advancing Ignition timing, lambda biasing, Mode based SOI has been tested. Test bench results indicated that with the E10 blend all pollutant conversion is at 98% in all operating points. With E20 blend the NOx emission conversion efficiency is dropped to ~60%. However, this

R, Navaneetha kannan, S, Easwar Ram, S, Satish Kumar, Karthi, Ramanathan, Ramakrishnan, Muthu

The effect of different Air Path based ATS thermal management strategy on a Non- EGR Medium Duty Diesel Engine’s performance and emissions.

2024-26-00381/16/2024

The effect of different Air Path based ATS thermal management strategy on a Non- EGR Medium Duty Diesel Engine’s performance and emissions. Ajeet Kumar Sharma AVL Technical Center Pvt. Ltd. Abstract: In view of BS6.2 emission norms implementation for medium duty diesel engine, the tail pipe emissions are not only confirmed in test bed conditions but also in real driving condition including different combinations of ambient temperature and pressure. In modern non-EGR engine the Engine out emissions especially NOx emission is higher compared to EGR engine, therefore the tail pipe emissions are solely depending on conversion efficiency of After Treatment System (ATS). Hence meeting the stringent tail pipe emission, quick heating of ATS required. It became more challenging with a WHTC Cycle, where beginning of the cycle is not only having low load engine operations, but also cold ATS system followed by cold soaking. Further addition of DOC (Diesel oxidation Catalyst), DPF (Diesel

Sharma, Ajeet Kumar, Kreuzig, Gerhard, Gupta, Ayush, Goyal, Dinesh, Garg, Varun

Development of Fuel efficiency Enhancement Module for tractors

2024-26-00641/16/2024

In farm tractors, the available drawbar power and Power Take-Off (PTO) power are generally lower than the engine power due to parasitic losses. These losses are caused by engine-driven auxiliary loads such as cooling fans, hydraulic pumps for power steering, alternators, etc. Minimizing these parasitic losses can increase the available drawbar power and PTO power, resulting in direct fuel savings by reducing fuel consumption. The continuous increase in fuel costs and the environmental impact of emitted gases from burned fuel into the atmosphere have necessitated the replacement of hydraulic power steering and mechanical fans with electric power steering (EPS) and electric fans, respectively, to improve efficiency. The existing battery has been replaced with a higher capacity battery to provide power to the electric fan, electric power steering, and other electrical components. Additionally, the existing alternator has been replaced with a higher capacity alternator to meet the

Arjun, P., Natarajan, Saravanan, Chinnathambi, Manikandan, a, Radhakrishnan, nabar, Omkar

Effect of Diesel-Ethanol Blends on the Performance and Emissions of a CI Diesel Engine Suitable for Stationary Application Rahul Garg1, Nalini Kanta Mukherjee2, Chithra V.1, Vasu Choudhary2, Bharat Newalkar1, Devendra Nene2, Manoj Kusumba2 1 Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd., Greater Noida, UP, 201306 2 TAFE Motors and Tractors Ltd., Alwar, Rajasthan, 301001

2024-26-00781/16/2024

Diesel engines are primarily used in the power generation sector owing to their characteristics of high efficiency and power, but account for higher emissions, mainly NOX and PM. Ethanol being a bio-based alternate fuel, holds the potential to be one of the most promising fuels for blending with diesel for emissions reduction, primarily due to its oxygenated nature, which results in a lower carbon content than diesel. In this study, four different ethanol-diesel blends have been developed for investigation (a) 5% (v/v) ethanol/diesel blend (E5D95), (b) 10% (v/v) ethanol/diesel blend (E10D90), (c) 15% (v/v) ethanol/diesel blend (E15D85) and (d) 20% (v/v) ethanol/diesel blend (E20D80). Additives and couplers were developed, as well, to address the problem of corrosion, cetane number reduction and blend stability. A detailed physico-chemical characterization was performed to measure various critical properties (density, cetane number, calorific value, flash point, etc.) of various diesel

Garg, Rahul, Mukherjee, Nalini, Viswanath, Chithra, Newalkar, Bharat

Engine Warm-up Prediction using Machine Learning Methodology.

2024-26-02951/16/2024

In the recent times, when emission & CO2 legislations are becoming more stringent, we need to adjust our simulation methods to the engine warm-up for better prediction. A typical fuel economy simulation for a WLTP drive cycle with and without considering warm-up effect differentiates up to 6-8%. Thus, there is a need to consider engine warm-up parameters for drive cycle simulations. The engine warm-up can be predicted in multiple ways but the most common way is detailed Physics based 1D modelling. These thermodynamic based models have a very good accuracy in temperature characteristics compared to actual test but take a lot of simulation time. The current requirement is to have models, which can do the same with 0.3 times real time so that these can be coupled with SiL simulation. The current paper will portrait a machine learning based methodology to predict Engine Oil & Coolant temperature based on driving profile and fuel consumption. ML model is trained by using data from one drive

Kelkar, Kshitij, Bensch, Simon, Gopalkrishnan, Suresh Kumar, Meissner, Ronny

Optimization of Cooling Air Flow for improved Heat Dissipation through Radiator.

2024-26-00421/16/2024

Optimization of Cooling Airflow for improved Heat Dissipation through Radiator Authors: Paurnima Thakur, Amit Aher, Vishal Chavan, Chandrakant Palve Mercedes-Benz Research and Development India Private Limited Key Words: Radiator, Temperature, Heat Dissipation, Airflow, Cooling, Thermal Efficiency Abstract: Heat regulation is indispensable factor during operation of internal combustion engine. Automotive engine cooling system takes care of excess heat produced during engine operation. It regulates Engine surface temperature for engine optimum efficiency and plays important role in meeting CO2 emission target set by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Insufficient heat dissipation results into Engine overheating. This will affects thermal efficiency & ultimately brake specific fuel consumption of the Internal Combustion Engine. Radiator is the central component of a vehicle cooling system to monitor and regulate engine temperature and prevent it from overheating. Heat dissipation

Palve, Chandrakant, Thakur, Paurnima, Chavan, Vishal, Aher, Amit

Viability of alternative fuels to decarbonize the world’s largest agricultural tractor market

2024-26-00651/16/2024

India is the market with the highest sales of agricultural tractors and the market with the highest number of agricultural tractor park, as well. Even though taking into account the lower average power of Indian agricultural tractors, their cumulated diesel fuel consumption reaches a comparable size to the one for busses (ICCT, ~7% of the entire diesel fuel consumption). The possible use of alternative powertrains like battery-electric, especially considering the lower power of the Indian tractor market, is feasible, but struggling with challenges in terms of charging infrastructure and the possibly resulting lower productivity due to longer charging times. Therefore AVL proposes to investigate the use of alternative fuels for internal combustion engines, a topic which is also being discussed by other global tractor OEMs, in the world-wide context the focus is here on higher tractor powers due to storage limitations of battery-electric systems and other alternatives. In the paper AVL

Hofer, Franz Josef, Arnberger, Anton, Kruth, Ronald

Duty Cycle Based Fuel Consumption Calculation Using Simulation Methodology for Agricultural Tractor

2024-26-00681/16/2024

This project was undertaken with an objective to develop methodology by formulating set of procedures that would help in achieving the end goal. Once methodology is established, it paves way to optimize the end results more effectively which results in reduced lead time during product development. Methodology can either be based on pure experimental investigations or by simulations. Combination of mathematical and empirical approach is inherently followed in simulations, which helps in reducing the testing time and overall cost. Commercial vehicles (CV) have seen paradigm shift in the fuel consumption (FC) certification approaches, with an intention to align with 2016 Paris climate agreement. Use of simulation tool like VECTO for commercial vehicle FC certification has gained momentum in Europe. Overall experience gained in commercial vehicle FC simulation has motivated us to leverage the learnings for off-road applications like agricultural tractors. Tractors largely differ from CVs

Gijare, Sumant, Karthick, K, Juttu, Simhachalam, Thipse, Sukrut S, Paulraj, Lemuel Srinivasan, B, Jaiganesh, T, Senthil Kumar, Sridharan, Sudarsanam

Plug-in hybrid and range extender NVH – Challenges and Solutions

2025-01-01015/5/2023

The automotive industry continues to develop new powertrain and vehicle technologies aimed at reducing overall vehicle-level fuel consumption. While the use of electrified propulsion systems is expected to play an increasingly important role in helping OEM’s meet fleet CO2 reduction targets, hybridized propulsion solutions can play a vital role in the electrification strategy of vehicle manufacturers. Plug-in hybrid and range extender vehicles show unique NVH challenges due to their different possible operation modes. First, the paper outlines different driveline architectures for PHEV and range extenders. Given the multiple general architectures, as well as operation modes which typically occur for these vehicles, characterizations and source-path analysis of these vehicles can be more complicated than conventional vehicles. In the following steps, typical NVH related challenges are highlighted and potential solutions for NVH optimization are discussed. While the overall noise levels

Wellmann, Thomas, Ford, Alex, Pruetz, Jeffrey

Aerodynamic Investigation by Computational Fluid Dynamics to Exterior Design Modifications in a Simplified Bus Model

2023-01-5003-TEST-REC1/4/2023

Abstract Exterior design modifications have crucial importance on vehicle aerodynamics. Therefore, it makes one of the key parameters to achieve to reduce the fuel consumption in diesel-, CNG-, and hybrid-powered engines and increase the range of electric vehicles (EVs). The slightest change in the vehicle exterior design can directly affect the vehicle aerodynamics. Thus, four different parameters (front windshield angle, front diffuser angle, rear diffuser angle, and fillet [bending] on the rear and front top) are reviewed on a conceptual 12 m long bus which is to be designed at Anadolu Isuzu. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations become a source for comparative evaluations in these studies. Simulations are carried out for all different models with a realizable k-epsilon turbulence model and enhanced wall treatment wall function. In conclusion, a positive aerodynamic effect is observed with parameters that are the windshield, front diffuser angle, and fillet on the rear and

Özcan, Onur, Yıldız, Alp Eren

Aerodynamic Investigation by Computational Fluid Dynamics to Exterior Design Modifications in a Simplified Bus Model

2023-01-5003

1/4/2023

Özcan, Onur, Yıldız, Alp Eren

Aerodynamic Investigation by Computational Fluid Dynamics to Exterior Design Modifications in a Simplified Bus Model

2023-19-50031/4/2023

Exterior design modifications have crucial importance on vehicle aerodynamics. Therefore, it makes one of the key parameters to achieve to reduce the fuel consumption in diesel-, CNG-, and hybrid-powered engines and increase the range of electric vehicles (EVs). The slightest change in the vehicle exterior design can directly affect the vehicle aerodynamics. Thus, four different parameters (front windshield angle, front diffuser angle, rear diffuser angle, and fillet [bending] on the rear and front top) are reviewed on a conceptual 12 m long bus which is to be designed at Anadolu Isuzu. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations become a source for comparative evaluations in these studies. Simulations are carried out for all different models with a realizable k-epsilon turbulence model and enhanced wall treatment wall function. In conclusion, a positive aerodynamic effect is observed with parameters that are the windshield, front diffuser angle, and fillet on the rear and front top

Özcan, Onur, Yıldız, Alp Eren

Effects of Emission and Performance Characteristics Study of Rubber Seed Biodiesel Fueled DI Diesel Engine Fumigated with Methanol

2022-28-042611/9/2022

Researchers are looking for renewable and alternative fuels with efficient combustion that may be generated locally in response to rising prices and increasing usage of fossil fuels, as well as worries about tailpipe emissions. As a result, it is detailed here how the performance and emissions of a compression ignition engine may be assessed utilizing Methanol fumigation and Rubber seed oil. Rubber seed oil has a lower viscosity. The transesterification procedure was used to make Rubber seed biodiesel, and the attributes of plain and blended Rubber seed biodiesel were investigated. However, during transesterification, the viscosity of crude Rubber seed oil decreases. After that, the physiochemical characteristics of Rubber seed oil are compared to the qualities of diesel fuel. Rubber seed biodiesel has also been blended in volumetric ratios with plain diesel, and the qualities of the mixed biodiesel have been assessed against applicable criteria. The B20 rubber seed biodiesel and its

Saminathan, Sathiskumar, K, Nivethitha, R, Vishnu Ramesh Kumar, PC, Murugan, R, Aswathaman

Development of Internal Heat Exchanger for Truck AC System Application

2022-28-045311/9/2022

Global climate changes and High humidity will increase indoor heat loads of vehicle cabin. These environmental conditions are very adverse to drive the vehicle. Due to this driver's fatigue increases & reduces efficiency. Driver fatigue is believed to be one of the main causes of road accidents, air-conditioned cabins are expected to improve driver comfort, reduce fatigue and ensure good visibility. Air conditioning in automobiles is an essential feature nowadays. Almost all the passenger cars are having AC feature and it is gaining popularity in Commercial vehicles also. Fuel economy is major aspect especially in commercial vehicles. India's transportation energy use is growing at the fastest rate in the world and diesel consumption has increased more in the past decade. About 70% of the diesel is consumed by the transport sector. India's crude oil import dependency is at more than 75% today. AC system in automobiles increases the auxiliary load on engine and reduces the fuel economy

Patil, Satish, Nagarhalli, Prasanna V, SRIVASTAVA, SARVESH

Engine-in-the-Loop Analysis of the Influence of Manual Gearshift Duration on Vehicle Consumption and Emissions

15-16-01-0003

9/27/2022

Abstract The tightening of emission standards and homologation rules lead car manufacturers to rely on simulation testing in early development phases. Coupling an engine to a testbench controlled by a real-time simulation environment allows flexible, reliable, and reproducible testing for consumption and emission studies. However, interest in this method referred to as engine-in-the-loop (EiL) is relatively recent and few details can be found regarding the simulation environment. Following previous work, this study details a driver model based on the PI structure and augmented with preview and anti-windup. The focus is set on a conventional powertrain with a manual transmission for which the driver must also manage the clutch pedal during gearshift and take-off phases. Extended analysis of vehicle tests allows defining the driver’s behavior during these phases for different profiles. The driver model is then tested in the EiL environment and the impact of the gearshift profile on fuel

Gilormini, Thomas, Chessé, Pascal, Tauzia, Xavier, Colin, Hervé

The influence of the selection of engine point in operation based on the working condition identification on the overall fuel consumption

2022-01-11268/13/2022

abstract：Response to the government's higher requirements for car fuel consumption and emissions the research, design and manufacturing of advanced hybrid engine has become a current hot topic。This paper starts with a comparative analysis of several hybrid powertrain and transmission mechanism technical schemes that have been applied or are still under study.Then, a mathematical model is established to optimize the parameters of the MAP diagram of hybrid engine to get the impact of different engine points in operation of hybrid engines on the overall fuel consumption under different Driving cycles, and model the best engine points in operation to achieve the goal of improving fuel economy.Through building the mathematical models and comparing the data arrival at the conclusion that:(1)Through the data analysis of the energy conversion efficiency and the cooperation relationship between the engine and the motor, the Mixed type power systems（SPHEV） can have more working mode and higher

GAO, XINWEN

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