India is the market with the highest sales of agricultural tractors and the market with the highest number of agricultural tractor park, as well. Even though taking into account the lower average power of Indian agricultural tractors, their cumulated diesel fuel consumption reaches a comparable size to the one for busses (ICCT, ~7% of the entire diesel fuel consumption). The possible use of alternative powertrains like battery-electric, especially considering the lower power of the Indian tractor market, is feasible, but struggling with challenges in terms of charging infrastructure and the possibly resulting lower productivity due to longer charging times. Therefore AVL proposes to investigate the use of alternative fuels for internal combustion engines, a topic which is also being discussed by other global tractor OEMs, in the world-wide context the focus is here on higher tractor powers due to storage limitations of battery-electric systems and other alternatives. In the paper AVL will line-out the following content: 1. Context (cf. storyline) 2. Overview of alternative fuels being discussed along with their major characteristics 3. Assessment of these fuels from different angles a. Impact on existing powertrains and vehicles b. Impact on the customers' use-cases c. Impact on the existing infrastructure d. Impact on the CO2 emissions from India's agricultural tractor industry 4. Review and discussion of the assessment outcomes* 5. Conclusion and discussion of the way forward to decarbonize the tractor market * E.g. if the assessment results point in the direction of the possible use of various alternative fuels, AVL will present possibilities of adapting existing engine platforms in the best possible way for various alternative fuels, so that maximum availability of identical parts with a highly efficient engine concept is ensured. Authors: Anton Arnberger is product manager @ AVL List GmbH responsible for internal combustion engines w/ experience in performance & emissions. Franz Hofer is Director @ AVL List GmbH leading AVL's Consulting Services within the Powertrain Engineering business unit. Ronald Kruth is key account manager for agricultural tractors @ AVL List GmbH, being responsible for world-wide sales of AVL's services related to agricultural tractors (e.g. testing, development, engineering support)