Browse Topic: Electronic control systems

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DEPLOYING VICTORY ARCHITECTURE AND SPECIFICATIONS2024-01-334011/15/2024
ABSTRACT This paper discusses how programs can leverage VICTORY architecture and specifications in order to achieve interoperability between electronics systems integrated with ground vehicles. It explains the contents of the VICTORY architecture, and the concept of compliance with the VICTORY system and component type specifications. It suggests a model for Army ground vehicle programs to utilize the VICTORY architecture and specifications, and a process called guided self-verification to test components for compliance with VICTORY specifications.
Moore, Michael S., Price, Jeremy C., Griffith-Boyle, Kay
A Novel Approach to Make an Efficient Thermal Management of a Solar Electric Four-Wheeler Through Model-Based System Simulation2024-26-013001/16/2024
The objective of this paper is to determine and design an optimized thermal management system for a solar electric four-wheeler while considering system influence. The major systems that will be analyzed and optimized include the HVAC, solar system, and battery. The HVAC system imposes a challenge to the designers to fulfill the passenger's comfort and to operate it efficiently under a wide range of external loads from solar radiation, ambient temperature & humidity, human metabolic activity, and also other loads like the propulsion system temperature on the cabin. From the literature, it is found that the air conditioning system reduces on average 14% of the total battery capacity whereas the heating system reduces it by 18%, which makes the HVAC system design a crucial aspect to consider for the system influence. The battery car voltage changes significantly to meet the power demand and because of this, the battery system produces a large amount of heat while discharging which will
Karthikeyan, Vikram Raj, Gumma, Muralidhar
Systems Engineering – a key approach to Transportation Electrification2024-26-012801/16/2024
The automotive industry has seen accelerating demand for electrified transportation. While the complexity of conventional ICE vehicles has increased, the powertrain still largely consists of a mechanical system. In contrast, vehicle architectures in electrified transportation are a complex integration of power electronics, batteries, control units, and software. This shift in system architecture impacts the entire organization during new product development, with increased focus on high power electronic components, energy management strategies, and complex algorithm development. Additionally, product development impact extends beyond the vehicle and impacts charging networks, electrical infrastructure, and communication protocols. The complex interaction between systems has a significant impact on vehicle safety, development timeline, scope, and cost. A systems engineering approach, with emphasis on requirements definition and traceability, helps ensure decomposition of top level
Narasipuram, Rajanand Patnaik, Karkhanis, Varad Abhimanyu, Ellinger, Michael, K M, Saranath, Alagarsamy, Guruprasath, Jadhav, Ravindra
Measurement uncertainty and its influence on e-Drive optimization applications2024-26-009701/16/2024
This paper gives insights in the theoretical measurement uncertainty of E-Drive rotor position dependent results, like Id and Iq calculations, done by a modern propulsion power analyzer (PA). The calculation of Id and Iq is fundamental to perform control optimization and application tasks for an E-Drive system. In order to optimize the E-Drive system application towards e.g. best efficiency, best performance, or improved NVH the importance of the testing toolchain is described: a power analyzer delivering the required results, an automation system, and a Design of Experiment tool to set improved target values. Consequently, inverters applications featuring field-oriented control (FOC) with permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) are updated with a chosen control strategy. For achieving a certain behavior of an E-Drive, different degrees of freedom in the Inverter Control Unit are available; Lookup tables Id and Iq represent two fundamental application labels to be considered
Platzer, Thomas, Fechter, Michael, Kammerstetter, Heribert, Kolb, Philipp
ISO 26262 Functional Safety – An Approach for Compliance Readiness2024-26-010401/16/2024
Electricals and Electronic systems in a vehicle are increasing manifolds with Electric and ADAS Vehicles taking the lead. There is a rapid transition happening from hardware driven vehicles to software driven vehicles. ISO 26262 is a global standard defined for functional safety (FuSa) in the automotive industry which addresses the structured design and development approach for eliminating electrical malfunctions leading to critical hazards such as fire in EVs. The standard defines specific requirements that need to be met by the safety relevant electrical system and also by development processes. Though the implementation of FuSa is crucial from vehicle safety point of view, its compliance is still a challenge majorly due to lack of awareness, in-built complexities, increase in project development time and subsequent cost. In this work, we focus on a FuSa implementation model taking into account the conventional new program development cycle. FuSa deliverables are integrated and
PATHAK, ISHA, Kothari, Bhushan
Design of a Robust Optimal Multivariable Control for a Steer-by-Wire System2023-01-121806/26/2023
On the way to highly automated and autonomous driving, a robustly designed steering system is a key component. Therefore, the proposed article will present a new control approach for modern steer-by-wire systems. The novel approach consists of a true multivariable control for the driver´s steering torque and the rack position simultaneously using the requested torques of the downstream (SRU) and upstream (SFU) motor as control variables. Here, the plant model is a detailed model of a steer-by-wire system with nine degrees of freedom (see Fig.1). For the control design, an optimal reduced model is derived. The reduced plant model is linearized and augmented by linear models for the reference and disturbance environment of the steer-by-wire system and by a linearized model for the complete feeling generator computing the requested steering torque. The feeling generator consists of a rack force feedback, an active damping and an active steering wheel return. For this augmented model, a
Irmer, Marcus, Degen, René, Nüßgen, Alexander, Thomas PhD, Karin, Ruschitzka PhD, Margot, Henrichfreise PhD, Hermann
Comprehensive Evaluation of Logging Frameworks for Future Vehicle Diagnostics2023-01-122306/26/2023
More and more applications (apps) are entering vehicles. Customers would like to have in-car apps in their infotainment system, which they already use regularly on their smartphones. Other apps with new functionalities also inspire vehicle customers, but only as long as the customer can utilize them. To ensure customer satisfaction, it is important that these apps work and that failures are found and corrected as quickly as possible. Therefore, in-car apps also implicate requirements for future vehicle diagnostics. This is because current vehicle diagnostic methods are not designed for handling dynamic software failures of apps. Consequently, new diagnostic methods are needed to support the diagnosis of in-car apps. Log data is a central building block in software systems for system health management or troubleshooting. However, there are different types of log data and log environment setups depending on the underlying system or software platform. Depending on that, the creation of
Bickelhaupt, Sandra, Hahn, Michael, Nuding, Nikolai, Morozov, Andrey, Weyrich, Michael
A Holistic Approach For Near Zero Emission Diesel Vehicles Using A Pre-Turbo-Catalyst-System – Ready For EU 72023-01-121106/26/2023
This work shows the newest results of a near-series Pre-Turbo-Catalyst (PTC) system reaching lowest emissions for electrified diesel passenger cars to address future emission legislation. The PTC system is developed using a state-of-the-art tool chain containing 1D & 3D simulation approaches and testing near-series exhaust gas aftertreatment systems under real-driving boundary conditions. The innovative concept of an SCR PTC and a PTC bypass path solve the challenge of a thermal handshake between PTC and underfloor SCR System as well as the challenge of a particular filter regeneration. The development of adaptive PTC bypass path operation strategies based on exhaust gas and catalyst conditions enables lowest NOx and NH3. Using this concept, near-zero emissions can be reached in a wide range of operating scenarios while sustaining full drivability and highest efficiency. Advanced catalyst technologies enable a high emission conversion and lowest secondary emissions. These results have
Conin, Michael, Beidl, Christian, Knaf, Daniel, Fiore, Luis, Kreuz, Joachim
AI-Based Testing for Autonomous Vehicles2023-01-122806/26/2023
Test of autonomous systems is mostly brute force and ad-hoc thus being neither efficient nor transparent. Though requirements invite for a situational transparency, a framework is missing to judge quality of requirements and derived test-cases. Practical challenges are state explosion, difficulty to derive corner cases, no systematic safety of the intended functionality as specified, lack of accepted KPI, etc. Maintaining a valid safety case is hardly possible with such adaptive systems and continuous software updates. To achieve trusted autonomous vehicles, test cases must be generated automatically while at same time providing coverage (e.g., indicating progress with KPI), efficiency (e.g., limiting the amount of regression testing) and transparency (e.g., showing how specific corner cases are tested in case of accidents). This paper provides a method for automatically generating test cases for AI-based autonomous systems and compares it with existing testing methods. A case study is
Ebert, Christof, Weyrich, Michael
Coordinated Electric Vehicle Charging Based on Charging Profile Classification and Power Management Optimizer2023-01-122606/26/2023
The vast increase in electric vehicles (EV) in the market for business and private use implies a necessity to adapt and improve the charging infrastructure. One of the main assets that can be deployed to achieve this goal, is the use of the measured data of the EV supply equipment (EVSE). These data can be implemented to provide a coordinated power management method, which allows coordinated charging according to some predefined criterion and results in a reduced load peak. Analyzing the measured data allows to extract certain features from the charging profile of individual vehicles during the actual charging session. These features represent not only the predefined charging process based on the SOC of the battery but also the behavioral characteristic of the user of the vehicle in terms of its intended use. In this work, a novel approach is introduced, comprising a combined machine learning (ML) classification algorithm and charging power optimizer (CPO). The ML algorithm classifies
Salah, Alia, Abu Mohareb, Omar, Brosi, Frank, Reuss, Hans-Christian
A Comprehensive Evaluation of PU Foam for EV NVH Performance2025-01-012005/05/2023
Low density polyurethane foam was first proposed as an alternative to expandable baffles and tapes for sealing vehicle body cavities towards the end of the last century. In spite of several inherent advantages for cavity sealing, the high equipment cost of dispensing amongst other reasons, this technology has not spread as widely as expected. With the advent of electric vehicles, there is an increased emphasis on controlling higher frequencies from motors, inverters and other components, and polyurethane foam can be a viable solution by providing more robust sealing. Polyurethane foam sealing is already being employed in the new breed of electric vehicles but its NVH advantages have not been fully studied or published in literature. Using an existing electric vehicle with conventional expandable baffles & tape sealing measures, a comprehensive evaluation of NVH performance using the closed-cell polyurethane foam solution was carried out. Testing included component level bench test on
Kavarana, Farokh, Guertin, Bill, Braun, Arnold, Hand, Joshua, Thota, Manoj
A review on Electric Vehicle NVH challenges and recent trends2025-01-004205/05/2023
Electric vehicles (EVs) present a distinct set of challenges in noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) compared to traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. As EVs operate with significantly reduced engine noise, other sources of noise, such as motor whine, power electronics, and road and wind noise, become more noticeable. This review paper explores the key NVH issues faced by EVs, including high-frequency tonal noise from electric motors, gear meshing, and vibrations. Additionally, it examines recent advancements and trends in NVH mitigation techniques, such as active noise control, improved material insulation, and advanced vibration isolation systems. Furthermore, this paper discusses the role of computational tools, simulation technologies, and testing methodologies in predicting and addressing NVH concerns in EVs. By providing an in-depth analysis of the challenges and the latest innovations, this review aims to contribute to the ongoing development of quieter and
Hazra, Sandip, Khan, Arkadip Amitava
Methodology for Radiated Noise Refinement of Electrified Drivetrain Systems2025-01-009805/05/2023
Electric drive units (EDU) of battery electric vehicles and electric drivetrain components of hybrid vehicles require significant development effort and planning to ensure that a refined NVH sound quality is achieved. New tools and methods are required to understand the NVH performance throughout the development process and to ensure that NVH risks can be quickly identified and mitigated within the correct EDU subsystems. This paper discusses the development of a methodology (EDSL – Electric Drive Sound Level) aimed at addressing this need. It also outlines how the EDSL tool can be used to address radiated noise issues and understand the NVH performance of the various subsystems within an electrified drivetrain component. The first use of the EDSL methodology is to characterize component-level radiated noise test results and compare the different mechanical and electrical noise sources to targets. The results from this are used to guide EDU development in the appropriate areas
Pruetz, Jeffrey E., Steffens, Christoph, Fu, Tongfang, Govindswamy, Kiran
QE-Testing4(21/12)auto testauto testSAE-PP-0780412/21/2022
4.QE-Testing4(21/12)
Sawant, Priyanka
3.QE-Testing3(21/12)auto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testSAE-PP-0780312/21/2022
3.QE-Testing3(21/12)
Sawant, Priyanka
Immersion Cooling for Power Electronics2022-28-044611/09/2022
The ability to precisely control electrical voltages on a large scale has made possible many efficient, powerful innovations, from high-speed electric trains to wind turbines to electric drive motors for everything from heavy earthmoving equipment to personal electric vehicles (EVs). But the equipment that manages this process — including power inverters, thyristors and variable-speed drives — requires high-performance power electronics cooling. As temperatures rise, the efficiency, reliability, and life spans of these devices drop, and the power electronics inside HEVs and EVs are no exception. Advancements in power electronic thermal management technologies will enable next generation automotive to fulfill increasingly demanding mission objectives. DC-DC converter and inverter systems slated for higher performances, reliable and sustainable applications. Even with very high efficiencies, the components of these systems produce kilowatts of power loss in the form of heat. The current
Sahoo, Pranati
electric - take 2SAE-PP-0779211/04/2022
electric
SintzADMIn, Jeneane
QE Testing 11/2-10 jms edit megan edit 09.27.23 trSAE-PP-0779011/02/2022
QE Testing 11/2-10
Mutagaana, Festo
QE Testing 11/2-9auto testSAE-PP-0778911/02/2022
QE Testing 11/2-9
Mutagaana, Festo
QE Testing 11/2-8auto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testSAE-PP-0778811/02/2022
QE Testing 11/2-8
Mutagaana, Festo
QE Testing 11/2-7auto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testSAE-PP-0778711/02/2022
QE Testing 11/2-7
Mutagaana, Festo
QE Testing 11/2-6auto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testSAE-PP-0778611/02/2022
QE Testing 11/2-6
Mutagaana, Festo
QE Testing 11/2-5auto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testSAE-PP-0778511/02/2022
QE Testing 11/2-5
Mutagaana, Festo
QE Testing 11/2-4auto testauto testSAE-PP-0778411/02/2022
QE Testing 11/2-4
Mutagaana, Festo
QE Testing 11/2-3auto testSAE-PP-0778311/02/2022
QE Testing 11/2-3
Mutagaana, Festo
QE Testing 11/2-2auto testSAE-PP-0778211/02/2022
QE Testing 11/2-2
Mutagaana, Festo
QE Testing 11/2-1auto testSAE-PP-0778111/02/2022
QE Testing 11/2-1
Mutagaana, Festo
Medical Lasers: When the Laser Application Requires Utmost SafetyTBMG-4695111/01/2022
Tubing Coated with Light-Powered Catalysts Aids Drug ManufacturingTBMG-4694811/01/2022
Locking Side Pull Hoist RingTBMG-4691611/01/2022
null, null
Testing-for-Collection Assignment5auto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testSAE-PP-0774009/30/2022
Testing-for-Collection Assignment5
Mutagaana, Festo
Teaching Drones How to Navigate Real-World WeatherTBMG-4649509/01/2022
Right now, drones are either flown under controlled conditions, with no wind, or are operated by humans using remote controls. However, for drones to autonomously perform necessary but quotidian tasks, such as delivering packages or airlifting injured drivers from a traffic accident, drones must be able to adapt to wind conditions in real time.
Testing for ingestion activity2auto testSAE-PP-0330107/12/2022
Testing for ingestion activity2
Mutagaana, Festo
Testing for ingestion activityauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testauto testSAE-PP-0330007/12/2022
Testing for ingestion activity
Mutagaana, Festo
testing collections assignmentSAE-PP-0303407/08/2022
blah blah blah collections
Rickard, Christopher
Event-Triggered Adaptive Robust Control for Lateral Stability of Steer-by-Wire Vehicles with Abrupt Nonlinear Faults2022-01-505607/04/2022
Because autonomous vehicles (AVs) equipped with active front steering have the features of time varying, uncertainties, high rate of fault, and high burden on the in-vehicle networks, this article studies the adaptive robust control problem for improving lateral stability in steer-by-wire (SBW) vehicles in the presence of abrupt nonlinear faults. First, an upper-level robust H∞ controller is designed to obtain the desired front-wheel steering angle for driving both the yaw rate and the sideslip angle to reach their correct values. Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy modeling method, which has shown the extraordinary ability in coping with the issue of nonlinear, is applied to deal with the challenge of the changing longitudinal velocity. The output of the upper controller can be calculated by a parallel distributed compensation (PDC) scheme. Then an event-triggered adaptive fault-tolerant lower controller (ET-AFTC) is proposed to drive the whole SBW system driving the desired steering angle
Gong, Zheng, Xie, Zhengchao
Test Preprint 20220628 By Madhukar DongariSAE-PP-0259906/28/2022
Test Preprint 20220628 By Madhukar Dongari
Mutagaana, Festo
Concept of Morphology in UAV Design2022-26-124805/26/2022
This paper aims to study and develop the concept of morphology in UAVs that overcomes any compromise needed in its design, decreasing conventional flight limitations and is capable of performing a wide variety of missions. A more reliable UAV with modular structure has been designed that can change its shape during its flight. Study on an adaptive morphology that modifies the shape of the vehicle during flight environment is found to be very effective to suit the missions in comparison to conventional quadcopter design. This paper proposes a simpler and effective morphing technique for quadrotors consisting of a frame with independently movable servo-assisted arms that fold around the mainframe to develop different configurations. This flexibility in arms design changes the geometry of the quadcopter, which in turn modifies its exposed area. To achieve stable flight at all times, onboard computers are implemented to handle the control of the quad served along with optimal programs
Das, Shubham, Yadav, Aashish, Gali, Sushyanth, Shetty, Advaith
PASSENGER TO FREIGHTER CONVERSION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM2022-26-125705/26/2022
As per the records from Air cargo traffic, the global volume of air freight increased rapidly in recent years with freight volumes reaching 55.9 million metric tons. The strong demand for converted freighters has been driven by a robust cargo market, one of the key factors that strongly influenced this factor was the growth of e-commerce which has been boosted by more online deliveries This paper discusses some of the key aspects that needs to be considered for passenger to Freighter conversion and its impact to the Environmental Control System of the Aircraft. One of the first design change will be to identify all the passenger amenities and remove them, depending on the Freighter configurations the air distribution needs to be modified or re-routed. Temperature needs for the Main Deck Cargo Compartment (MDCC) is much lower than the passenger variant, the temperature selection ranges for all temperature zones shall cover the natural environment with high comfort for occupants. MDCC
PATIL, ANAND
Autonomous UAV solution for ecological mapping and surveillance.2022-26-124505/26/2022
The proposed UAV can be used to triangulate the areas of unnatural deforestation, by processing the area undergoing land cover transition, hence, restraining illegal logging as well as illegal deforestation which will, in turn, feed the ecological succession cycle. It triangulates the green cover which can be used in identifying fruiting trees, vegetation cycles, even in predicting the population of the animal species feeding on the subjective green cover and hence, the biodiversity. The system will be influential for curbing the landscapes with heterogeneous habitats and diverse topographical features. The model employs an onboard automated controller- ARDUPILOT MissionPlanner, a flight controller with inbuilt compass, GPS, and telemetry module which collects data from the controller such as, Altitude, GPS location, Pitch, Roll, etc. and transmits it to the Ground Control Station (GCS) when flying. The mission planner is programmed by selecting the Target Survey Area which is divided
Devi, Monisha, Neigapula, Keerthana, Anand, Sumit, Tiwari, Anawil, Kumar, Siddharth
Challenges with Commercial Supersonic Travel and some resolutions 2022-26-121505/26/2022
Innovation is the fulcrum for the Modern world.Aviation sector has adapted niche technologies for the improvement and sustainability of the business.Supersonic aircrafts were designed and developed for faster and seamless transportation. Use of Supersonic Aircrafts in the commercial arena has many technological and regulatory challenges.The NASA Advanced Air Vehicles Program Commercial Supersonic Transport (CST) Project was initiated in this regard and it details out the propositions laid out to bring Supersonic Aircrafts into the Commercial use. This highlights the importance of the Commercial Supersonic Aircraft.Intent of this paper is to provide technical analysis and solution to the norms in line with NASA Research for the Super sonic travel Infrastructure. This includes steps taken to modularize technical, logistical and Operational changes required for the Infrastructure of Commercial Supersonic Travel without discounting safety and reliability of the existing setup Integrated
JOSHI, SRIKANTH, Ramaiah, chethan prasad, Palanikumar, Senthil Kumar, Reddy, Vikramasimha
Non-parametric Optimization of Heat Sinks for Power Dense Motor Controllers2022-26-117505/26/2022
With the future of mobility moving towards electrification there is an ever-increasing demand in both aerospace and automotive industry for achieving higher power density in inverters, controllers, etc. In the aviation industry, the trend of more electric aircraft has resulted in transition from central to zonal architecture. In zonal architecture, controller units are kept close to the actuator systems and localized harsh bay conditions, space constraints coupled with the necessity for high power density has made thermal management a challenging task. This warrants a need for exploring innovative cooling techniques to manage the dissipated heat. This paper focuses on a liquid cooled thermal management system for power dense applications. The heatsink design presented here is a pin fin arrangement staggered to induce swirling flow, which has been proven to enhance heat transfer. The traditional heatsink optimization involves creating a design of experiments (DoE) with parameters like
Bhardwaj, Divyanshu, Datta, Sauradeep, Borkar, Kishor
Doing Verification Better! If VHDL is so good, why do we need UVM? 2022-26-117305/26/2022
In today’s world, complex electronic systems demand integration of an increasing number of functionalities in the form of various IP cores into a single chip or System-On-Chip (SOC). System-level functional verification of such massive SOCs is also increasingly becoming more complex. As design engineers create more functionally dense chips, the functional verification methodology is parallelly advancing to provide modern techniques resulting in independent, scalable, and reusable verification IP components. Modern-day SOCs strongly require verification architectures with extended reusability and easier accessibility. This paper highlights the pros and cons of shifting from legacy test-bench modeling strategies to more scalable, reusable, and efficient methodologies. Conventional methodology does not support features like randomization, factory registration, callbacks, configuration database etc., without which thorough verification seems difficult. The aim of the paper is to portray
Dwivedi, Neha, Mookim, Sanjana
Comparing eVTOL Aircraft Configurations for Varying Payloads and Range2022-26-115105/26/2022
The question of finding an optimal electric Vertical Take off and Landing (eVTOL) aircraft configuration for different payloads and ranges is non-trivial from an academic and industry perspective for the emerging Urban Air Mobility (UAM) market. In this paper, different eVTOL configurations (Lift+cruise, tilt-rotor, tilt-wing) are sized for varying payloads (300-700kg) and ranges (50-150km). The different concepts are then compared through parameters such as energy consumption, noise, cost of the aircraft and cost per seat-km, in the context of Indian market. Although some studies have compared different configurations, the sizing of the aircraft is typically not performed rigorously. In this paper, we aim to arrive at more optimally sized aircrafts based on the mission requirements by following a common design algorithm. The methodology for sizing the aircraft starts with an initial guess for maximum takeoff weight, based on similar aircraft. Subsequently, other elements of the
Pandurangi, Pradeep, Tumuluru, Nikhilesh, Nayak , Vismay
jsintz e2e test 5/9SAE-PP-0131805/09/2022
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SintzUSER, Jeneane
e2e test 5/9SAE-PP-0131605/09/2022
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Rickard, Christopher, SintzUSER, Jeneane
TEST-Mobility Rxiv event1SAE-PP-0123805/06/2022
TEST-Mobility Rxiv event1
Mutagaana, Festo
Verifying-eventSAE-PP-0122805/06/2022
Verifying-event
Mutagaana, Festo
SAE International Journal of Passenger Vehicle SystemsSAE-JRNL-0001504/30/2022
manuscriptUrl https://www.editorialmanager.com/saejpasscarsmech/default.aspx journalImpactFactor undefined
Eventscheck1SAE-PP-0099204/27/2022
Eventscheck1
Mutagaana, Festo
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