Browse Topic: Security systems

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Securing the Future of Electric Vehicle Charging: Identifying and Mitigating Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities2026-26-06141/16/2026
This paper examines the key security vulnerabilities present in modern EV charging infrastructure, with a focus on the potential threats to payment systems, communication protocols, physical security, and data privacy. In particular, it looks at the vulnerabilities associated with unencrypted communication, the risks of unauthorized access to charging stations, and the potential for denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. As the global adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) accelerates, the importance of a secure and reliable EV charging infrastructure becomes paramount. However, the expansion of charging stations and the growing integration of smart technologies introduce significant cybersecurity risks that must be addressed to ensure the safety, privacy, and reliability of the network. In addition to discussing emerging risks in relation to new technologies, such as Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) systems, and outlining the necessity of industry-wide collaboration and the development of standardized
Aggarwal, Akshit, Gupta, Saurabh, Sirohi, Kapil, Arisetty, Venkatesh, Chatterjee lng, Avik
Risk Based Security Monitoring Framework for CAN network2026-26-06161/16/2026
There is rapidly increasing advancement in Connectivity, Autonomous, Subscription and Electrification features in vehicles which are being developed. These trends have resulted in an increase in attack surface and security risks on vehicles. To handle these growing risks, it has become important to include passive security systems such as Intrusion detection systems (IDS) which can detect successful or possible attempts of intrusion into vehicle systems compromising their security. In vehicles based on Zonal Architecture, two types of IDS can be implemented, Network based IDS (NIDS) and Host Based IDS (HIDS). The NIDS is implemented in Gateway Electronic Control Unit (ECU) and can monitor multiple networks connected to Gateway, whereas the HIDS usually monitors one single host ECU. Extensive research material is available on NIDS for CAN Networks. For example, the CAN Network in a vehicle is monitored for various abnormal behaviours such as increased busload and invalid signal values
E L, Nanda Kumar, Mutagi, Megha, Sonnad, Preeti, Sharma, Dhiraj
Direct Alert to In-Vehicle Infotainment (DAIVI)2022-01-02623/29/2022
Nowadays, the mobile phone features are widely used by drivers to get the notifications and alerts on the head unit. However, there are no available products in the market to get important notifications in Head units without the use of mobile phones. There are many important notifications that are critical for a user when he is away from home. Some of them are alerts from home security systems, smoke and gas detection alarms etc. Most of the existing systems push alerts to customer mobile phones. In this paper, the authors propose a concept to direct the alerts to In-Vehicle Infotainment systems. Proposed here is a new approach, Direct Alert to In-Vehicle Infotainment (DAIVI), in which the infotainment head unit will be able to get the notification or alerts without using a mobile phone. The DAIVI complements the existing systems of alerts to the user by using in-vehicle infotainment for alerting on the critical issue.
Seth, Ishita
Designing Rugged SWaP-Optimized MOSA Solutions for UUVs21AERP05_035/1/2021
As the U.S. Navy increases its investment in its fleet of unmanned undersea vehicles (UUV), suppliers of rugged commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) subsystems, providing solutions for mission computers, network switches and routers, and data storage are meeting the needs of these unique platforms. The Navy classifies UUV systems into four categories, based on their size and how they are launched. Small UUVs range in diameter from 3″ to 10″ and can be man portable or submarine launched. Examples of small UUVs include the Swordfish and Sandfish. Medium UUVs have a diameter of 10″ to 21″ and are surface or submarine launched. Examples of medium UUVs include the Kingfish and the Knifefish. The Knifefish UUV, which is dedicated to mine hunting, is a great example of a UUV designed for a specific purpose. Large displacement UUVs (LDUUV) range in size from 21″ to 84″ in diameter and are also launched on the surface or from a submarine.
Executive Roundtable: Facility & Network SecurityTBMG-384882/1/2021
One of the most important aspects of any manufacturing facility is security — whether protecting machinery or data. Tech Briefs posed questions to executives at companies providing network and facility security solutions to get their views on issues such as cybersecurity, the cloud, wireless devices, and securing a remote workforce .
Underwater Signal Processing SystemTBMG-360542/1/2020
DSIT Solutions Ltd. Givat Shmuel, Israel +972-3-531-3333
Products of Tomorrow: January 2020TBMG-358141/1/2020
This column presents technologies that have applications in commercial areas, possibly creating the products of tomorrow. To learn more about each technology, see the contact information provided for that innovation.
Microfocus, Dual-Energy Imaging System Improves Contaminant DetectionTBMG-349358/1/2019
Contamination of food with fragments of bone, metal, glass, or other foreign material is a major concern in the food industry. Current inspection technologies often miss very small fragments embedded in meat or other soft materials or lead to ambiguous results that require time-intensive verification.
E/E Data Link SecurityJ2186_201907 (Current)7/12/2019
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes a uniform practice for protecting vehicle components from "unauthorized" access through a vehicle data link connector (DLC). The document defines a security system for motor vehicle and tool manufacturers. It will provide flexibility to tailor systems to the security needs of the vehicle manufacturer. The vehicle modules addressed are those that are capable of having solid state memory contents accessed or altered through the data link connector. Improper memory content alteration could potentially damage the electronics or other vehicle modules; risk the vehicle compliance to government legislated requirements; or risk the vehicle manufacturer's security interests. This document does not imply that other security measures are not required nor possible.
Vehicle E E System Diagnostic Standards Committee
More Sensitive Measurement of Semiconductor Material QualityTBMG-347277/1/2019
Accurately measuring semiconductor properties of materials in small volumes helps engineers determine the range of applications for which these materials may be suitable in the future, particularly as the size of electronic and optical devices continues to shrink. A measurement technique was developed that is capable of achieving this level of sensitivity.
Optimizing Image Sensors for Security CamerasTBMG-347717/1/2019
Performance of image sensors for security cameras must be geared to low-light sensitivity, high signal to noise ratio, and high temperature performance. Security image sensors are typically mission-critical 24/7, often standing outside under sun, snow, wind, and other harsh environments. It's especially important that they can perform well at nighttime under dark conditions.
RDS Phrase ListsJ2540/1_201906 (Current)6/11/2019
This SAE Standard provides a table of textual messages meeting the requirements for expressing “Radio Data Systems” (RDS) phrases commonly used in the ITS industry. They can be used both over the RDS subcarrier transmission media as part of a 37-bit long “Group 8a message” as well as being used to provide a common content list of phrases used in a wide number of other media and applications. This document SHALL define the normative index values to be used, extending the CEN established list to provide phrases needed by US practitioners. This standard provides non-normative textual phrases which MAY be used by implementers to ensure intelligible results. This document SHALL follow the formats and rules established in SAE J2540 in the expressions, manipulations, and use of such tables. It should be pointed out that within the rules established by this document a variety of final table are all considered “compliant” with the document, and may vary as fits the needs of implementers.
V2X Core Technical Committee
Panoramic Thermal Imaging TechnologyTBMG-345356/1/2019
SPYNEL sensors are passive wide area surveillance systems with automatic intrusion detection and tracking capabilities. The 360° thermal sensors offer 24/7 situational awareness by detecting and tracking an unlimited number of targets in real time, on land, air and sea. HGH Infrared Systems recently won a multi-million contract from a leading shipyard, to equip three new warships with the latest generation of SPYNEL panoramic thermal cameras.
Panoramic Thermal Imaging Technology19AERP06_036/1/2019
A New Concept in Naval Defense SPYNEL sensors are passive wide area surveillance systems with automatic intrusion detection and tracking capabilities. The 360° thermal sensors offer 24/7 situational awareness by detecting and tracking an unlimited number of targets in real time, on land, air and sea. HGH Infrared Systems recently won a multimillion contract from a leading shipyard, to equip three new warships with the latest generation of SPYNEL panoramic thermal cameras.
New Device Widens Light Beams by 400 TimesTBMG-335641/1/2019
By using light waves instead of electric current to transmit data, photonic chips — circuits for light — have advanced fundamental research in many areas from timekeeping to telecommunications. But for many applications, the narrow beams of light that traverse these circuits must be substantially widened in order to connect with larger, off-chip systems. Wider light beams could boost the speed and sensitivity of medical imaging and diagnostic procedures, security systems that detect trace amounts of toxic or volatile chemicals and devices that depend on the analysis of large groupings of atoms.
Products of Tomorrow: August 2018TBMG-324808/1/2018
This column presents technologies that have applications in commercial areas, possibly creating the products of tomorrow. To learn more about each technology, see the contact information provided for that innovation.
Automating Personal Safety with Wearable Smart JewelryTBMG-290126/1/2018
A major challenge to assault prevention is that during an assault, victims often do not have an easily accessible way to call for help. Whether calling 911 or using an emergency alert app or device, the user has to press a button in order to call for help. That is often not possible while a violent act is taking place or if a person is unconscious as a result of the assault.
New Pulse Analysis Techniques for Radar and EWTBMG-290906/1/2018
Pulsed signals are widespread in radar and other electronic warfare (EW) applications, and they must be accurately measured for manufacturing, design of countermeasures, and threat assessment; however, pulse measurements are an especially challenging area for signal analysis due to these factors:
Low-Cost Ground Sensor Network for Intrusion DetectionTBMG-290776/1/2018
Perimeter surveillance of forward operating locations, such as Forward Arming and Refueling Points (FARPs), is crucial to ensure the survivability of personnel and materiel. FARPs are frequently located well outside the protective cover of the main forward operating bases. Therefore, they must provide their own organic perimeter defenses. Such defenses are manpower intensive. Research shows how cheap, remote, unattended sensors using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components can help reduce the manpower requirement for this task and yet not compromise the security of the operating location.
Cybersecurity and Risk Management Framework in AvionicsF-0074-2018-128935/14/2018
ABSTRACT It is impossible to open a newspaper, turn on a television, or visit a news website these days without being barraged with cybersecurity related news. Every domain is being attacked, penetrated, and impacted by cyber-crime and the range, complexity, and frequency of attacks is expanding daily. Across the board we face a wide range of adversaries from disgruntled employees to nation states that are bent on taking our critical systems down temporarily or permanently. Avionics systems are not immune from this and over the past several years, cybersecurity policies and the Risk Management Framework (DoD 8510.01) approach to securing US cyber systems, have been maturing and rapidly growing in adoption. However, many in the avionics community remain uninformed regarding the impacts of these new policies and initiatives to their systems nor how best to ensure they are taking a practical and efficient approach to implementing them. Gone are the days of a magic box that all of the
Marek, James
Tamper Sensor for Safeguarding Radiological SourcesTBMG-285373/1/2018
Panoramic irradiators are commonly used to disinfect and sterilize products such as medical supplies, cosmetic raw materials, food, food containers, and medical supplies. The irradiators typically use Cobalt 60 as a source of radiation — a material that could potentially be used to build a “dirty bomb.” As a result, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission requires installation of a security system for each irradiator; however, current electronic security systems have a short lifespan due to the fact that the radiation source must be stored in a pool of water.
Access System Senses Finger Vibrations to Verify UsersTBMG-285313/1/2018
The market for smart security access systems is expected to grow rapidly, reaching nearly $10 billion by 2022. Today's smart security access systems mainly rely on traditional techniques that use intercoms, cameras, cards, or fingerprints to authenticate users. These systems require costly equipment, complex hardware installation, and diverse maintenance needs.
New Optics See More with LessTBMG-283382/1/2018
NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center has developed a technology that combines a panoramic refracting optic (PRO) lens with a unique detection system to acquire a true 360-degree field of view. Although current imaging systems can acquire panoramic images, they must use up to five cameras to obtain the full field of view. MSFC's technology obtains its panoramic images from one vantage point.
Products of Tomorrow: December 2017TBMG-2800712/1/2017
This column presents technologies that have applications in commercial areas, possibly creating the products of tomorrow. To learn more about each technology, see the contact information provided for that innovation.
Low-Cost Chip Extends Life of Battery SensorsTBMG-272778/1/2017
A voltage detector chip was developed that requires only a few trillionths of a Watt (picowatts) to activate other circuits, enabling engineers to design sensors that continuously listen, without using power from a battery or mains. The result is smaller batteries, or a battery life that is extended, in some cases by years. The voltage detector can also eliminate standby power.
2017 AUVSI XPONENTIAL ALL THINGS UNMANNED17AERP04_054/1/2017
After a very successful trade show and conference in New Orleans last year, the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) is bringing this year's event, AUVSI XPONENTIAL 2017 to the Kay Bailey Hutchinson Convention Center in Dallas, TX. The event, which runs from May 8 - May 11, will feature more than 200 presentations and panel discussions focused on all aspects of the unmanned vehicle and robotics market. Over 650 exhibitors representing more than 20 different industries will be showcasing their latest technology to an estimated 7,000 attendees from all over the world. So, what can attendees expect to find at XPONENTIAL 2017?
AuVSI™ XPONENTIAL: ALL THINGS UNMANNEDTBMG-266834/1/2017
After a very successful trade show and conference in New Orleans last year, the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) is bringing this year's event, AUVSI XPONENTIAL 2017 to the Kay Bailey Hutchinson Convention Center in Dallas, TX. The event, which runs from May 8 – May 11, will feature more than 200 presentations and panel discussions focused on all aspects of the unmanned vehicle and robotics market. Over 650 exhibitors representing more than 20 different industries will be showcasing their latest technology to an estimated 7,000 attendees from all over the world.
Iris Recognition Could Make Smartphone More SecureTBMG-227508/14/2015
Fujitsu has developed a new smartphone with iris recognition, and a Clarkson University professor says she expects the technology to be available in the United States in the near future. Paynter-Krigman Professor in Engineering Science Stephanie Schuckers, who is the director for the Center for Identification Technology Research (CITeR), said the iris recognition systems in the Fujitsu smartphone are giving people more options to protect their electronic devices. Schuckers said the type of biometrics people choose depends on more than how well the system differentiates between individuals. The application, convenience, price and cultural expectations related to each system can influence personal preference.
Integrated Underwater Security SystemTBMG-215182/1/2015
ATLAS ELEKTRONIK UK Winfrith Newburgh, Dorchester, UK +44-1305-212400
Phoning It In: Making Smartphones Secure Enough for Tactical CommunicationsTBMG-165666/1/2013
You suddenly find yourself pinned down by enemy gunfire. What do you do? Whip out your smartphone and call for an airstrike? Yes, if the U.S. Marine Corps has its way.
Rugged IP-Based Video Surveillance System Keeps Taipei Trains MovingTBMG-166366/1/2013
Averaging 1.6 million passengers per day, the Taipei Metro, also known as the Taipei Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system, is one of the busiest transportation systems in Asia and has become an important driver for business and lifestyle in Taiwan. To ensure smooth and reliable operations and keep a watchful eye on the security and safety of riders, a CCTV-based onboard video surveillance system has been in place on a number of Taipei Metro carriages since 2010. The system makes it possible for train drivers to access live video images of critical areas, and video recordings are also available for later review and analysis.
Electronic Access for Medical EquipmentTBMG-159323/1/2013
The need for physical security in the health care industry is no longer limited to grounds, buildings, and rooms. Today, security must extend down to medical enclosures, including cabinets, dispensing carts, charting stations, and new portable diagnostic equipment. For many health care facility owners and operators, monitoring security at the enclosure or cart level can be a challenge, and they are looking to the manufacturers of these enclosures for solutions.
A Quantitative Risk Analysis for AeroMACS Network Security in SESAR11VATC301013/16/2012
The growing need for an efficient worldwide airspace system management, generated by an increasing traffic load, requires new capabilities for air-ground data communication technologies. In order to cope with these requirements, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), EUROCONTROL, and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) have jointly made specific recommendations for candidate technologies for the airport surface communication network. In the SESAR project, the Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communication System (AeroMACS) technology is being developed in such a way to provide next generation broadband and wireless data communications for airport surface applications (i.e. Air Traffic Control ? ATC, Airline Operational Communications ? AOC, and surface vehicles services). As the airport surface communication system involves many heterogeneous application flows, digital information security has been considered as among the highest priority concerns in the air transport
Slim, Mohamed
Advancing Aircraft Cyber Security - Potential New Architectures and Technologies11VATC300003/16/2012
Cyber security in the aviation industry, especially in relation to onboard aircraft systems, presents unique challenges in its implementation and management. The cyber threat model is constantly evolving and will continually present new and different challenges to the aircraft operator in responding to new cyber threats without either invoking a lengthy software update and re-certification process or limiting aircraft-to-ground communications to the threatened system or systems. This presentation discusses a number of system architectural options and developing technologies that could be considered to enhance the aircraft cyber protection and defensive capabilities of onboard systems as well as to minimize the effort associated with certification/re-certification. Some of these limit the aircraft?s vulnerabilities or in cyber terms, its ?threat surface?. Others offer the potential to respond almost immediately to new cyber threats with the capability to install new or update existing
Lee, Terry
Secure Software Distribution in Aviation Context11VATC302023/12/2012
Secure software distribution in aviation context. Presenter David von Oheimb, Siemens AG
von, David
Efficient Web Services Policy CombinationTBMG-872211/1/2010
Large-scale Web security systems usually involve cooperation between domains with non-identical policies. The network management and Web communication software used by the different organizations presents a stumbling block. Many of the tools used by the various divisions do not have the ability to communicate network management data with each other. At best, this means that manual human intervention into the communication protocols used at various network routers and endpoints is required. Developing practical, sound, and automated ways to compose policies to bridge these differences is a long-standing problem. One of the key subtleties is the need to deal with inconsistencies and defaults where one organization proposes a rule on a particular feature, and another has a different rule or expresses no rule. A general approach is to assign priorities to rules and observe the rules with the highest priorities when there are conflicts.
Situational Awareness From a Low-Cost Camera SystemTBMG-80516/1/2010
A method gathers scene information from a low-cost camera system. Existing surveillance systems using sufficient cameras for continuous coverage of a large field necessarily generate enormous amounts of raw data. Digitizing and channeling that data to a central computer and processing it in real time is difficult when using low-cost, commercially available components. A newly developed system is located on a combined power and data wire to form a string-of-lights camera system. Each camera is accessible through this network interface using standard TCP/IP networking protocols. The cameras more closely resemble cell-phone cameras than traditional security camera systems. Processing capabilities are built directly onto the camera backplane, which helps maintain a low cost.
Managing and Administering Security Infrastructure Controls via Policy2009-01-318311/10/2009
Managing the security of the infrastructure and applications for any aviation IT system necessitates some sort of control mechanism(s) for defining how the various components and processes of the system work. This is true for both the network components, applications within the infrastructure, and the various security infrastructure components such as access control mechanisms, intrusion detection systems, etc. The need for a comprehensive, defense in depth, solution to security can only be met if there is an association between the controls regulating the various security components, so that there is a consistent approach to regulating and controlling security. To meet this need we propose a unifying Global Policy Framework concept, that includes a Policy Workbench for developing and administrating the policies associated with security components and the security infrastructure.
Ridlon, Stephen A.
Framework for ReSTful Web Services in OSGiTBMG-57129/1/2009
Ensemble ReST is a software system that eases the development, deployment, and maintenance of server-side application programs to perform functions that would otherwise be performed by client software. Ensemble ReST takes advantage of the proven disciplines of ReST (Representational State Transfer — a style of software architecture for such distributed hypermedia systems as the World Wide Web) and OSGi (formerly, Open Services Gateway Initiative — an industry standard for software for connecting such devices as home appliances and security systems to the Internet). ReST leverages the standardized HTTP protocol to enable developers to offer services to a diverse variety of clients: from shell scripts to sophisticated Java application suites.
Wafer Level Camera TechnologyTBMG-109717/1/2009
Film cameras were traditionally manufactured by discrete assembly, which means each component was fabricated as an individual item, tested if necessary, and then assembled into the final working product. The advent of solid state imaging did little to change this approach. The film was merely replaced by a light-sensitive electronic component. The only significant change was that the mechanical shutter was rendered obsolete and its action generated electronically within the imager die.
Electronic devices wireless integration - a Brazilian opportunity2007-01-279911/28/2007
Electronic devices integration in vehicles to fulfill a Brazilian demand: automotive entertainment devices with efficient anti-theft features.
de Souza Carmo, Daniel Kunzler
North Carolina Organization Fosters New Defense and Security TechnologiesTBMG-46058/1/2007
The Defense and Security Technology Accelerator (DSTA), located in Fayetteville, NC, is a new and innovative program designed to create collaborations with the military, entrepreneurs, and innovators to drive technology business development, technology commercialization, and job creation. The DSTA leverages two unique assets in North Carolina: the military bases in the Fayetteville/Cumberland County area, and world-class research and innovation in the Research Triangle Park (RTP), as well as other regions in the state.
Next-Gen Networks Drive AdvancedTCA DeploymentsTBMG-60667/1/2007
The evolution of technology and the never-ending thirst for higher bandwidth from industries and applications are pushing the limits of existing standards. The latest processors run faster and integrate more features, thus requiring greater power, more efficient cooling design, and a larger board size. The explosion of bandwidth in enterprise local-area networks (LANs) brought on by the deployment of gigabit Ethernet, 3G/WiMAX mobile communication, and wireless network systems and the growth of triple-play or multi-play network services, have all fueled the demand for servicing greater amounts of data traffic.
Embedded Security: Down to the SiliconTBMG-60657/1/2007
Embedded applications are increasingly going online. With the introduction of new embedded technologies that utilize a wide variety of communications options from Ethernet to Wi-Fi and ZigBee, there is a pressing need to secure these applications against the same problems that are inherent in any networked application.
Encapsulated Video “Brick” Bolsters Video Surveillance Along BoarderTBMG-60687/1/2007
Increasingly dependent on continuous video monitoring and recording, even today’s more sophisticated security surveillance systems are often plagued by reliability problems. In some ways, more complex video systems are susceptible to signal and other dependability problems simply because they are multifaceted. Systems integrators may know what cameras and recorders to use in a given situation, but they also need to consider how subcomponents could play a critical role under certain conditions. A noisy switch or incompatible distribution amplifier (DA) can compromise the integrity of a video security system yet go undiagnosed or even undetected until the horse is already out of the barn.
Knowledge Management and Axiomatic Design2007-01-12114/16/2007
It is postulated that the value-adding intellectual activity in an enterprise can be formulated as an engineering design problem, using axiomatic design. Axiomatic design formulates a decomposition structure that includes four domains: customer, functional, physical, and process. Knowledge exists within the entities in domains and in the relation between the entities in adjacent domains. Once an entity has been identified in one domain, a properly designed knowledge management system can suggest all the known solutions in the adjacent domains, and the interactions between the domains, along with details about how well these solutions work.
Brown, Christopher A.
Hierarchical Mobile Certificate Authority for Heterogeneous Wireless Ad Hoc Networks: Architecture and Protocols2006-01-14284/3/2006
Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) provide an extremely flexible method for establishing communications in situations where geographical or terrestrial constraints demand a totally distributed network system without any fixed infrastructure. However, MANETs are particularly vulnerable to various attacks due to their fundamental characteristics, such as open medium, dynamic topology, distributed cooperation, and constrained capability in power, computation and storage. In this paper, we focus on the key management scheme - one of the core schemes for deploying security services in wireless ad hoc networks. We propose a hierarchical mobile certificate authority (HMCA) scheme for large scale wireless ad-hoc networks by exploring the heterogeneous security and physical characteristics of mobile nodes. In particular, we develop the architecture and relevant protocols for HMCA to provide major certification services such as certificate issuing, renewal, retrieval, and revocation. We
Fu, Huirong, Aybar, Hector
COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT INFORMATION SECURITY CONCEPTS OF OPERATION AND PROCESS FRAMEWORKARINC811 (Current)12/20/2005
The purpose of this document is to facilitate an understanding of aircraft information security and to develop aircraft information security operational concepts. This common understanding is important since a number of subcommittees and working groups within the aeronautical industry are considering aircraft information security. This document also provides an aircraft information security process framework relating to airline operational needs that, when implemented by an airline and its suppliers, will enable the safe and secure dispatch of the aircraft in a timely manner. This framework facilitates development of cost-effective aircraft information security and provides a common language for understanding security needs.
Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee
Handheld Imaging Device for Security ApplicationsTBMG-64319/1/2005
A standalone, handheld, through-wall radar unit is under development to provide three-dimensional feedback on the location and movement of people inside buildings. Applications include military and emergency service such as hostage situations and search and rescue. The unit, which can be held against a wall or mounted on a tripod located up to 2 meters away, transmits low-frequency ultrawideband (UWB) radar pulses that pass through building materials over 40 cm thick and detects activity over a range of up to 15 meters.
RDS Phrase ListsJ2540/1_200207 (Historical)7/25/2002
This SAE Standard provides a table of textual messages meeting the requirements for expressing “Radio Data Systems” (RDS) phrases commonly used in the ITS industry. They can be used both over the RDS subcarrier transmission media as part of a 37-bit long “Group 8a message” as well as being used to provide a common content list of phrases used in a wide number of other media and applications. This document SHALL define the normative index values to be used, extending the CEN established list to provide phrases needed by US practitioners. This standard provides non-normative textual phrases which MAY be used by implementers to ensure intelligible results. This document SHALL follow the formats and rules established in SAE J2540 in the expressions, manipulations, and use of such tables. It should be pointed out that within the rules established by this document a variety of final table are all considered “compliant” with the document, and may vary as fits the needs of implementers.
V2X Core Technical Committee
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