Browse Topic: Quality control

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testing new software productSAE-SUP-TEST134/1/2026
Software Diagram https://wcm14-tst.cld.sae.org/site/binaries/content/gallery/mobilus-brx/digital-supplements/software-diagram.png/software-diagram.png/sae%3Amedium
Digital Data Model Framework Aligned to the AS9100 Quality Management StandardSAE-SUP-AS91003/6/2026
A digital data model based on the AS9100 Standard provides a structured, interoperable foundation for managing aerospace quality processes in a fully digital environment. The model defines the entities, relationships, and data governance rules required to support configuration management, risk assessment, nonconformance handling, document control, supplier oversight, and continuous improvement activities. By translating AS9100 requirements into a unified data architecture, the model enables consistent traceability from design inputs through production, verification, and delivery. It also supports automated compliance monitoring, workflow orchestration, and analytics across the product lifecycle. This digital representation strengthens audit readiness, reduces variability in quality processes, and enhances the organization’s ability to maintain conformity in complex, multi‑stakeholder aerospace programs. As organizations modernize their quality systems, the model serves as a scalable
Digital Data Model for the AS9100D Aerospace StandardSAE-PJ-00011/20/2026
This digital data model for the AS9100D aerospace quality management standard provides a structured, machine‑readable representation of the requirements, definitions, and industry‑specific enhancements that distinguish AS9100D from its ISO 9001:2015 foundation. Designed to support interoperability across aviation, space, and defense organizations, the model encapsulates the standard’s clause hierarchy, terminology, and compliance attributes in a format optimized for automated processing, validation, and lifecycle management. The model incorporates the revised clause structure introduced with ISO 9001:2015 and extends it with aerospace‑specific obligations, risk‑based considerations, and supply‑chain expectations defined by the International Aerospace Quality Group (IAQG). It captures the relationships between core quality management system elements—such as leadership, planning, operational control, and performance evaluation—while embedding additional AS9100D requirements related to
Dimensional Management in Automotive Vehicle Design & Development for Perceived Quality Improvement in Buses2026-26-04471/16/2026
Perceived quality (PQ) is one of the most important factors in engineering signoff as well as customer delight and product improvement (feel, look & touch). The PQ is something related to feel of the product in terms of gap, flushness, fitment and appearance as per the costumer perceptions and expectations. Validate both design and engineering with the perceived quality review. In today's automotive bus industry this is equally applicable. In this paper we have explored the dimensional management scope in improving the PQ requirements and expectations by utilising the dimensional variation analysis (DVA) approach. We have explored & explained the fundamentals of vehicle aggregates fitment process and impact of fitment tolerances as used in DVA model to resolve vehicle packaging issues (critical gaps & clearance variation as per expected no. of vehicles to be manufactured in future at initial stage of the vehicle design). It is further extended into system level DFMEA to include DVA in
Singh, Vinay Kumar, Dewangan, Ved Prakash, Kumar, Rahul, Deep, Amar
Overview of Indian Government Policies, Evolution of Indian Automotive Regulations and Striking balance approach for adoption2026-26-02421/16/2026
A well-regulated vehicle design and manufacturing instils driver and passengers' safety and comfort, and lays the foundation for safe and clean mobility. Evolution of Automotive regulation has a long legacy across the globe. India has been closely following the Automotive regulatory progress in the Europe as a cornerstone for technical harmonization, cross learning, gauge benefits and economic implications. Even though India being a developing country, it has not only shown its willingness to harmonize world's best practices but also been making right preparations towards safe and clean mobility. Adoption of BS-VI directly from BS-IV is a testament to India's commitment. While doing so, Government of India (GOI) has always been striking a balanced approach between harmonization of regulations and business implications (ground reality, TCO, business sustenance and growth). Given the above context, the paper explores about: i)Trajectory of evolution of Automotive regulations in India
Patil, Dharmarayagouda
Totem-Pole PFC and LLC resonant converter based 6.6kW On-Board Charger for LEV Applications2026-26-01601/16/2026
As light electric vehicles (LEVs) gain popularity, the development of efficient and compact on-board chargers (OBCs) has become a critical area of focus in power electronics. Conventional AC-DC topologies often face challenges, including high inrush currents during startup, which can stress components and affect system reliability. Furthermore, DC-DC converters often have a limited soft-switching range under light load conditions, leading to increased switching losses and reduced efficiency. This paper proposes a novel 6.6 kW on-board charger architecture comprising a bridgeless totem-pole power factor correction (PFC) stage and an isolated LLC resonant DC-DC converter. The main contribution lies in the specific focus on enhancing startup behavior and switching performance. In PFC converters, limiting inrush current during startup is crucial, especially with fast-switching wide-bandgap devices like SiC or GaN. Conventional soft-start techniques fall short in of ensuring smooth voltage
Patil, Amruta, Bagade, Aniket
Study of real time impact on automotive cabin Air Quality due to the ambient air pollution in the severely polluted city2026-26-05311/16/2026
This study investigates the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 inside an automobile under real-world driving conditions in Delhi, one of the most polluted cities globally. India faces severe air pollution challenges in many cities, including Delhi, which are consistently ranking among the most polluted cities in the world. Major contributors to this pollution include vehicular emissions, industrial activities, construction dust, and biomass burning. Exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 has been linked to numerous adverse health effects, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, aggravated asthma, decreased lung function, and premature mortality. PM2.5 particles, being smaller, can penetrate deeper into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream, causing more severe health issues. In big cities like Delhi, long driving times exacerbate exposure to these pollutants, as commuters spend extended periods in traffic. Measurements were taken both inside and outside the vehicle to assess the real
Gupta, Rajat, Pimpalkar, Ankit, Patel, Abhishek, Rajaur, Deepak, Kumar, Shubham, Joshi, Rishi, Kumar, Mukesh
Combustion noise quality improvement in a common rail Diesel Engine at Low idle for Agriculture Tractor2026-26-03291/16/2026
Vehicle level NVH performance plays major role in customer comfort criteria. Tractor low idle rpm Sound Quality can be one of the parameter which influences customer purchasing decision based on comfort criteria. Modern diesel engines with stringent emission norms together with fuel economy requirements pose challenges to noise control. Common rail engine technology has advantage of precise fuel delivery and combustion control which needs optimization to achieve the conflicting requirements of noise, emission and fuel efficiency. Engine noise at low idle condition is dominated by combustion noise which depends on rate of pressure rise inside the cylinder during combustion. The important parameters which influence cylinder pressure rise are fuel injection timing, pilot injection quantity and its separation, rail pressure and EGR valve position. The study is carried out to understand which combustion parameter is most influencing to achieve better sound quality of engine. Taguchi design
p, Priyadarshan, Chavan, Amit, A, Kannanswamy, Patil, Sandeep, Chaudhari, Vishal V
Achieving full ASIL-B level functional safety (FuSa) for Automotive Clusters2026-26-00081/16/2026
Traditionally, automotive cluster modules have not placed strong emphasis on functional safety (FuSa) measures for capturing and displaying data. Most cluster components are developed with a focus on Quality Management (QM) levels, and proprietary implementations are often used without adhering to standardized safety approaches. This paper highlights the need to bring certain cluster components under an Automotive Safety Integrity Level B (ASIL-B) context, proposing a standardized and structured methodology for their development — particularly by adopting Classic AUTOSAR frameworks. Several critical components within the cluster demand FuSa mechanisms to ensure reliable and safe operation. These components should be designed to comply with key safety principles, including freedom from interference, execution under privileged levels, and integrity verification. The FuSa goals for these components also extend to their configuration management and update strategies within the cluster
Singh, Iqbal, Kumar, Praveen
Integrated Quality Assurance Frameworks for Testing Advanced Automotive Systems in the Era of ADAS and E-Mobility2026-26-05681/16/2026
As the automotive industry rapidly transitions toward intelligent, electrified, and connected mobility, ensuring the safety and performance of advanced vehicle systems has become increasingly complex. Technologies such as Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), electric powertrains, and software-defined architectures demand robust quality assurance (QA) frameworks capable of addressing the multi-domain nature of modern vehicle platforms. This paper presents an integrated QA methodology that combines traditional testing protocols with model-based validation, digital twin environments, and real-time system monitoring to comprehensively evaluate the reliability and functionality of next-generation automotive systems. The proposed framework focuses on end-to-end traceability from requirements to validation, encompassing hardware-in-the-loop (HIL), software-in-the-loop (SIL), and over-the-air (OTA) testing strategies. Emphasis is placed on simulating complex scenarios for ADAS, battery
KOMANDURI, ARUN SRINIVAS, Srivastava, Anuj
Comprehensive Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds and Efficacy of Vapor Recovery System at Fuel Stations2026-26-02331/16/2026
In densely populated urban environments, fuel retail outlets represent sources of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), particularly benzene, toluene, and xylene. These emissions occur during various operations including storage tank filling, underground storage, and vehicle refuelling at retail outlets. The contribution of VOC by fuel distribution infrastructure to urban VOC pollution has been adequately addressed by oil marketing companies (OMCs) by the installation of vapor recovery system which is deployed for the comprehensive capture of fugitive emissions. This study employed a novel approach at an OMC Retail Outlet in Delhi, to evaluate benzene concentrations with different operational case studies. The methodology integrated continuous ambient air monitoring system equipped with VOC analyser of GC-PID technology alongside targeted forecourt measurements with handheld PID instrument. Benzene emissions during peak and off-peak hours, vehicle throughput, fuel sales volume, and
Mayeen, Hafiz, Ahuja, Muskan, Kalita, Mrinmoy, Kumar, Prashant, Sithananthan, M, Arora, Ajay
A Quality-Driven Approach to Engineering Sign-Off for Software and Robust Product Development2026-26-05811/16/2026
This abstract outline a paper detailing the development and implementation of a comprehensive framework designed to enhance the quality and governance of the product development process in the automotive industry. As the sector undergoes significant transformation—driven by electrification, autonomous systems, and increasing regulatory and customer expectations—the need for structured development approach and robust oversight has become critical to success. The paper introduces a newly developed framework for Final Data Judgment (FDJ) and Engineering Sign-Off (ESO), representing a next-generation strategy to defect free design, robust engineering quality management and product maturity assurance. This methodology emphasizes customer-centric deliverables, risk-based assessments, and technical rigor to minimize post-SOP issues and ensure alignment with end-user expectations. The approach prioritizes end-user impact by embedding rigorous quality checkpoints that align engineering outputs
Digikar, Ashish, PATHAK, ISHA, Kothari, Bhushan
Standardized composite training programAIR6671 (Current)11/26/2025
SAE CACRC has produced several standards, each representing the best-practice, recommended minimum training syllabus for the aforementioned target groups. The purpose of this document is to promote the use of these SAE standards, particularly for developing training programs for employee training, qualification in airlines and maintenance organizations, and as reference in regulatory guidance material. It summarizes, as a quick reference, the content of each training document and its relation to and interaction with other training documents. Thereby it allows users to select the appropriate training documents and syllabi to establish a comprehensive, sequential training program build-up customized to the specific needs of the aforementioned functions (see figure). This document does not intend to introduce new training content/syllabus.
AMS CACRC Commercial Aircraft Composite Repair Committee
Aluminum Bronze, Centrifugal and Chill Castings 85Cu - 11Al - 3.6Fe As CastAMS4870G (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers an aluminum bronze alloy in the form of centrifugal and chill castings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Castings, Leaded Bronze, Sand and Centrifugal 80Cu - 10Sn - 9.5Pb As CastAMS4842G (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a leaded bronze in the form of sand and centrifugal castings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Die Castings 8.5Si - 3.5Cu (A380.0-F) As Cast AMS4291K (Current)11/21/2025
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of die castings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Die Castings 9.5Si - 0.50Mg (360.0-F) As Cast AMS4290N (Current)11/21/2025
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of die castings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Grease, Aircraft, General Purpose, Low Temperature Range, Lithium ThickenedAMS3052B (Current)9/30/2025
Committee AMS-M is establishing an Industry Managed Qualification Program through the remit of the Performance Review Institute which requires this specification to be revised to reference the qualification process and controlling documentation.
AMS M Aerospace Greases Committee
Specification for Aero and Aero-Derived Gas Turbine Engine LubricantsAS5780E (Historical)9/24/2025
This specification defines basic physical, chemical, and performance limits for 5 cSt grades of gas turbine engine lubricating oils used in aero and aero-derived marine and industrial applications, along with standard test methods and requirements for laboratories performing them. It also defines the quality control requirements to assure batch conformance and materials traceability, and the procedures to manage and communicate changes in oil formulation and brand. This specification invokes the Performance Review Institute (PRI) product qualification process. Requests for submittal information may be made to the PRI at the address in Appendix D Section D.2, referencing this specification. Products qualified to this specification are listed on a Qualified Products List (QPL) managed by the PRI. Additional tests and evaluations may be required by individual equipment builders before an oil is approved for use in their equipment. Approval and/or certification for use of a specific gas
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
Testing a loooooooooooooooooooooooong alternateExternalId - 7ARP07182025-7-0000000000000000001 (Current)7/18/2025
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A-5B Gears, Struts and Couplings CommitteeNEW
Flight Test Assessment of Scalable Low-Level Mission Task ElementsF-0081-2025-01405/20/2025
Low-level flight, defined by high-speed operations near terrain, represents a significant challenge in military rotorcraft missions while providing strategic advantages, such as radar evasion and heightened surprise. Recent conflicts highlight the urgent need for advanced low-level flight capabilities in the design of new rotorcraft. The close proximity to ground obstacles, combined with the complexities of piloting, necessitates precise control and robust handling qualities to prevent accidents. However, existing handling quality standards, such as MIL-DTL-32742, reveal limitations in assessing low-level maneuvers. Given the diverse array of new rotorcraft designs, driven by initiatives like the U.S. Army's Future Vertical Lift and NATO's Next Generation Rotorcraft Capabilities, a customized handling qualities evaluation for each design is impractical. In response, a performance-driven strategy has been implemented, scaling Mission Task Elements to align with aircraft performance
Jusko, Tim, Berger, Tom, Walko, Christian
Adaptive Resilient Engineered Structures: A Review of the Trade Study Results and the Proposed Phase II Structural Test DemonstratorF-0081-2025-01985/20/2025
The work performed for the Adaptive Resilient Engineered Structures (ARES) program sponsored by the U.S. Army constitutes a trade study and resulting proposal for a structural demonstrator platform. The trade study was conducted using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) process and a subsequent Artificial Intelligence (AI) exercise to find clusters of technologies for structural efficiency and resilience from Boeing's internal research activities. From a selection of approximately 150 technologies at different TRLs, Boeing subject matter experts (SMEs) for structural technologies identified several characteristics that could potentially determine the development of ARES structural demonstrator. Through the QFD process, the list of technologies was down selected about 50 unique technologies for consideration. The next stage of the QFD process entailed in identifying 37 different attributes or criteria long which each of these technologies would be assessed. They were grouped under two
Nevinsky, Michael, Sircar, Saurabh, Misciagna, David, Lorthridge, Derrell
The Logistic Lasso and Ridge Regression Algorithm-Based Airline Passenger Satisfaction Prediction Model2025-01-71683/19/2025
Airline passenger satisfaction is important for airline operation service quality management. When airline companies carry out advertisement campaigns or plan a marketing strategy, the resources and budgets are not unlimited. Thus, an airline can only focus on improving a few factors that drive passenger satisfaction. To understand the key satisfies for the young and the old adults, respectively, we leverage five airline passenger satisfaction methods to identify the key factors that explain the airline service satisfaction of different passengers. In particular, we investigate and compare the ridge and the Lasso regularization in terms of the resulting model’s sparsity and computational efficiency. The top three important factors that influence the old’s satisfaction are departure and arrival time convenience, legroom service, and baggage handling. Our findings indicate that the young people place a higher value on entertainment, while the old adults place a higher value on usefulness
Ma, Jie, Hu, Song, Wang, Haipeng
Intelligent Courier Delivery Scheduling Based on XGBoost Feature Selection and Reinforcement Learning: A Case Study Using Chongqing Cainiao Express Data2025-01-71762/21/2025
This study tackles the issue of order delays in logistics using XGBoost for feature analysis and reinforcement learning for intelligent courier scheduling. Pickup order data from May 1 to October 31, 2023, in Chongqing is analyzed using spatio-temporal statistical methods. Key findings include that order placement peaks at 9:00 a.m., delays peak at 10:00 a.m., and the delay rate is 8.6%. A significant imbalance exists between the regional daily average of dispatchable couriers and order volumes.XGBoost is employed to predict order delays, revealing that pickup location is the most influential factor (27%), followed by courier pickup location (22%). These factors and their relationships are identified as key drivers of delays.To address these issues, a reinforcement learning-based courier scheduling optimization model is developed. The model defines courier location, current time, and pending orders as state variables and adopts an epsilon-greedy strategy for action selection
Wang, Manjun, Yu, Xinlian
Revolutionizing Seafood Production with Adaptive RobotsTBMG-5217812/1/2024
Robotic automation technology is reshaping food manufacturing, packaging, and handling by driving significant improvements in efficiency, quality, and flexibility. By integrating advanced artificial intelligence, computer vision, and proprietary force-sensing technology, Flexiv has introduced cutting-edge automation to the food processing sector.
Experimental Study on Quality Control and Variable Valve Timing Strategy of Hydrogen Engine for High Efficiency and Low Emission at Low Load2024-01-509510/15/2024
In order to reduce the pumping loss of low loads and maximize the lean combustion advantage of hydrogen, the paper proposes a load control strategy based on hydrogen mass, called quality control, for improving thermal efficiency and emissions at low loads. The advantages of quality control and the effect of VVT on the combustion performance of hydrogen internal combustion engines under low loads were discussed. The results show that when the relative air–fuel ratio (λ) increases to more than 2.5, the NOx emissions are reduced to less than 3.5 g/kW · h at the brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) below 8 bar, especially when the BMEP is less than 5 bar, the NOx is within 0.2 g/kW · h. Compared to quantity control based on air mass, the quality control strategy based on hydrogen mass achieves over a 2.0% reduction in pumping loss at BMEP levels lower than 4.4 bar. Furthermore, it enhances thermal efficiency by up to 5% at low loads, while maintaining NOx emissions within 0.2 g/kW · h at
Li, Yong, Chen, Hong, Fu, Zhen, Du, Jiakun, Wu, Weilong
An eleventh one for CUR-1174PC11-CUR-1174 (Current)4/2/2024
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Flight Simulator Engineering and Maintenance Committee
Big Data Analytics (Telematics) for real time testing improvements and integration back to Development of Future Models/EVs2024-26-03521/16/2024
The Auto industry has relied upon traditional testing methodologies for product development and Quality testing since its inception. As technology changed, it brought a shift in customer demand for better vehicles with the highest quality standards. With the advent of EVs, OEMs are looking to reduce the going-to-market time for their products to win the EV race. Traditional testing methodologies have relied upon data received from various stakeholders and based on the same tests are planned. The data used is highly subjective and lacks variety. OEMs across the world are betting big on telematics solutions by pushing more and more vehicles with telematics devices as standard fitment. The data from such vehicles which gets generated in high levels of volume, variety and velocity can aid in the new age of vehicle testing. This live data cannot be simply simulated in test environments. The device generates hundreds of signals, frequently in a fraction of seconds. Multiple such signals can
Sahoo, Priyabrata, Singh, Saurabh, Prasad, Kakaraparti Agam
Simulation methodology development for vibration test of Bus Body Structure code AIS 153:20182024-26-02491/16/2024
A bus is integral part of public transportation in both rural and urban areas. It is also used for scheduled transport, tourism, and school transport. Buses are common mode of transport all over the world. The growth in economy, the electrification of public transport, demand in shared transport, etc., is leading to a surge in the demand for buses and accelerating the overall growth of the bus industry. With increased number of buses, the issue of safety of passengers and the crew assumes special importance. The comfort of driver and passenger in the vehicle involves the vibration performance and therefore, the structural integrity of buses is critically important. The bus safety act depicts the safety and comfort of bus operations, management of safety risks, continuous improvement in bus safety management, and public confidence in the safety of bus transport, appropriate stakeholder involvement and the existence of a safety culture among bus service providers. In order to provide
Bijwe, Vilas B., Mahajan, Rahul, Vaidya, Rohit, Patel, Kaustubh, Hiwale, Diwakar, Walke, Abhijit Ashok
Localisation of Ultra-short Sound Emissions from Automotive Components by Using the Sound Field Scanning Method2025-01-00925/5/2023
Design verification and quality control of automotive components require the analysis of the source location of ultra-short sound events, for instance the engaging event of an electromechanical clutch or the clicking noise of the aluminium frame of a passenger car seat under vibration. State-of-the-art acoustic cameras allow for a frame rate of about 100 acoustic images per second. Considering that most of the sound events introduced above can be far less than 10ms, an acoustic image generated at this rate resembles an hard-to-interpret overlay of multiple sources on the structure under test along with reflections from the surrounding test environment. This contribution introduces a novel method for visualizing impulse-like sound emissions from automotive components at 10x the frame rate of traditional acoustic cameras. A time resolution of less than 1ms eventually allows for the true localization of the initial and subsequent sound events as well as a clear separation of direct from
Rittenschober, Thomas
Research on the control strategy of active gear shifting sound quality in the vehicle2025-01-00195/5/2023
The active sound synthesis system of electric vehicles plays an important role in improving the sound perception and transmission of working condition information inside the vehicle. Nowadays, the active sound synthesis system inside the vehicle has become standard in electric vehicles of major Major automobile manufacturing plants to meet the user groups' demand for driving and riding experience. Starting from the existing in-vehicle active sound synthesis algorithm, this paper designs a gear shift control strategy suitable for all working conditions. During acceleration, in order to achieve the gear shifting effect, the motor speed signal is obtained to bias the speed at the shift point. During deceleration, in order to prevent a sudden increase at the shift point, the speed of the deceleration condition is linearly interpolated to make the shifting process of the deceleration condition smoother. During acceleration after deceleration, in order to avoid the uneven sound jump at the
xilong, zhou, Liu, Zhien, Xie, Liping, Lu, Chihua, Yu, Shangbo, GAO, XIANG, yongsheng, wang
angular upgrade testSAE-PP-078284/11/2023
testing upgrade
Rickard, Christopher
Why Cleanroom Assembly of Plastic Medical and Electronic Devices Requires Ultrasonic Welding TechnologyTBMG-464649/1/2022
For years, ultrasonic welding has been used in cleanrooms where plastic components are assembled to complete medical and electronic devices. That is unlikely to change. What is changing, however —rapidly — is the sophistication and complexity of these products and the level of precision and quality required to complete their assembly.
A DFSS approach to optimize the Hood design parameters to improve durability performance2022-01-09233/29/2022
ABSTRACT In the Vehicle front closure development process, it is very important to meet the durability functional attributes such as Fit and finish, slam event and ease of closing effort. Conventionally softer seal & bump-stop stiffness properties are required for better flushness, but a stiffer seal & bump-stop will help to arrest the hood over travel during the slam event. It is always a challenging and iterative process to arrive at an optimum combination of these design parameters to meet both the flushness and slam targets. This paper highlights the six sigma approach to identify the effect of various control factors like Seal & Bump stop stiffness, latch position, bump-stop design clearance to meet the durability functional attributes. This approach suggests optimum design which is less sensitive to noise factors such as build tolerances on the latch position and the bump-stop design clearance. The learnings from this paper will help to improve design at the early stages of the
VS, Krishnaraj, Golla, Rama Raju
Development of a CAE Modeling Technique for Heavy Duty Cargo Weight using a DFSS Methodology2022-01-09253/29/2022
Cargo box is one of the indispensable structures of a pickup truck which makes it capable of transporting heavy cargo weights. This heavy cargo weight plays an important role in durability performance of the box structure when subjected to road load inputs. Finite element representation for huge cargo weights is always challenging, especially in a linear model under dynamic proving ground road load durability analysis using a superposition approach. Any gap in virtual modeling technique can lead to absurd cargo box modes and hence durability results. With the original computer aided engineering (CAE) approach, durability results could not correlate much with physical testing results. It was crucial to have the right and robust CAE modeling technique to represent the heavy weight to provide the right torsional mode of the cargo box and good durability results. As there were multiple variables owing to heavy cargo weight, Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) methodology was used to develop a
Pankaj, Ananta Vijaya, Nazir, Fazil, Zhang, Weidong, Guo, Mingchao
Recycled Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in Automotive Components: A World-First to Reduce Single-Use Medical Plastic Waste2022-01-09073/29/2022
The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly increased the amount of single-use plastic, especially as personal protective equipment (PPE) like gloves, disinfecting wipes, and medical-grade facemasks have become common among the general public. The need for public health, however, has ushered in a pandemic of another kind: one of environmental harm. Although efforts have been made to prolong use or otherwise reduce waste of these items, many areas have already seen negative effects of both properly discarded and littered PPE. It is estimated 89 million masks are used globally per month, and in the U.S. alone, the healthcare system generates 5 million tons of medical waste annually, not including drastic scale-up during the pandemic. Other countries have up to eighteen times that amount, far exceeding capacity at disposal facilities. To reduce the environmental threat from these items, which have become necessary to maintain public health, the Hyundai-Kia Materials Development Department
Nummy, Amanda
Evaluation of the Impact of Driving Cycle and Driving Habits on the Fuel Consumption of Commercial Vehicles2022-01-06403/29/2022
The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of driving cycle and various driving habits on fuel efficiency. The track tests were conducted based on the SAE J 1321 Fuel Consumption Test Procedure-Type II, with various vehicles in various loading states. Several duty cycles were replicated on the track, such as a local delivery cycle developed based on the operational data, urban school bus cycle, and an aggressive stop-and-go cycle. Drivers were allowed to accelerate and decelerate according to their assigned driving techniques. Therefore, the drivers using moderate driving techniques followed the drive cycle, while the drivers using aggressive and eco-friendly techniques used the speed steps as targets, with varying acceleration and deceleration profiles. For some tests, the drivers noted that for the tests with loaded vehicles, it was difficult to simulate the aggressive technique, the acceleration pedal was not responding well, and there were delays in engaging the gears. The
Surcel, Marius-Dorin
Enhanced SAE 3 link Leaf Spring Model to Generate Durability Virtual Loads2022-01-03403/29/2022
Heavy-duty truck vehicles are generally equipped with leaf spring suspensions. Conventionally, beam elements are used in multibody software to build the leaf spring model to calculate virtual loads. Beam elements require a high computation time due to their numerous degrees of freedoms and force components introduced by beam connections, interleaf contacts, friction, etc. Again, in these simulations, solvers frequently fail in durability loads analysis due to sudden spike in accelerations, high suspension articulation coming from severe road profiles. These drawbacks lead to the use of simplified three-link mechanism models to simulate the leaf spring’s behavior, which is computationally faster. However, the current approach is less accurate as compared to the beam element model because this model has only a torsional spring which accounts for vehicle bounce condition. In reality, the leaf spring suspension system is also subjected to cornering and braking while running on road
Dixit, Navnit, Venkatesan, Dhanasekar, Pardeshi, Ravasaheb
Inspection, Ultrasonic Product Over 0.5 Inch (12.7 mm) ThickAMS2630E (Current)11/9/2021
This specification covers procedures for ultrasonic inspection, by pulse-echo procedures, of flat, rectangular, round, cylindrical, and contoured products having a thickness or cross-sectional dimension greater than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm), using either contact or immersion methods, and using the longitudinal-wave or shear-wave modes or combinations of the two, as necessary. This specification may apply to testing finished machined parts provided the parts can meet the basic testability requirements, such as size, contour, metallurgical structure, and thickness.
AMS K Non Destructive Methods and Processes Committee
Inspection, Ultrasonic Product Over 0.5 Inch (12.7 mm) ThickAMS2630E-TEST-REC (Historical)11/9/2021
This specification covers procedures for ultrasonic inspection, by pulse-echo procedures, of flat, rectangular, round, cylindrical, and contoured products having a thickness or cross-sectional dimension greater than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm), using either contact or immersion methods, and using the longitudinal-wave or shear-wave modes or combinations of the two, as necessary. This specification may apply to testing finished machined parts provided the parts can meet the basic testability requirements, such as size, contour, metallurgical structure, and thickness.
AMS K Non Destructive Methods and Processes Committee
Brake Lining Quality Test ProcedureJ661_202110 (Current)10/26/2021
The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to establish a uniform laboratory procedure for securing and reporting the friction and wear characteristics of brake linings. The performance data obtained can be used for in-plant quality control by brake lining manufacturers and for the quality assessment of incoming shipments by the purchasers of brake linings.
Brake Linings Standards Committee
Inspection and Test Quality Systems, Requirements for Aviation, Space, and Defense OrganizationsAS9003B9/30/2021
Price increases in effect for this document as of January 2017 reflect a new copyright agreement for use of ISO 9001:2009. This standard includes selected quality system requirements from ISO 9001:2008[1] and AS9100:2009 applicable to noncomplex products and associated manufacturing processes. ISO 9001 text incorporated into this standard appears in standard font; while aviation, space, and defense industry additional requirements, definitions, and notes are presented in bold, italic text. The requirements of this standard are intended to be applied in whole, without any exclusions. Compliance with all corresponding AS9100 requirements is considered to meet/exceed compliance with the requirements of this standard. The requirements specified in this standard are complementary (not alternative) to contractual and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. Should there be a conflict between the requirements of this standard and applicable statutory or regulatory requirements, the
G-14 Americas Aerospace Quality Standards Committee (AAQSC)
Air Quality improvement in air conditioner bus saloon through Carbon activated filters2021-26-03129/22/2021
India being a developing nation, there is significant improvement in road infrastructure across the country as well as the spending power and earnings of the common man. This leads to the new trend of customers become health and comfort conscious and willing to pay more for better and improved transportation. To satisfy these demands, OEM's are developing more numbers of AC buses. Although the OEM's are meeting this demand of quantity, the quality of air from air conditioner is still subpar. One of the main reasons for this poor air quality is because of the ineffectiveness of conventional air conditioner air filters to control particulate materials i.e. PM2.5, biological pollutants i.e microbes, bacteria, viruses, and gaseous pollutants i.e. CO, CO2, SO2, NOX, O3 & VOCs in air. As per various researches, health problems associated with bus occupant compartment air quality appear more frequently. In this paper, research is shown on bus air quality improvement with respect to
Dwivedi, Ajay Kumar, Pahade, Atul, Thakur, Jitendra
Study of Fuel in Oil Dilution Due to Aftertreatment Regeneration in Automotive Diesel Engine2021-26-01849/22/2021
The Bharat Stage VI emission norms in India is driving the use of more complex after treatment systems for diesel engines. The after-treatment system typically includes DOC, DPF and SCR to reduce the engine out hydrocarbon, particulates & NOx respectively. For a durable functioning of the after-treatment system, cleaning of these components at regular intervals is required. One such method is to burn the diesel fuel inside DOC, to clean the DPF and SCR, a process called regeneration. Regeneration involves using extra diesel fuel injected into the exhaust stream, which gets oxidized in the DOC thereby regenerating the DPF or SCR. Present technology uses the existing injectors in the diesel engine for regeneration which is cost effective and simpler compared to the external hydrocarbon dosing system. In-cylinder hydrocarbon dosing is associated with the risk of fuel getting mixed with engine oil. This happens because the regeneration fuel is injected in the exhaust stroke where the
Vinay P, Ashwyn, Verma, Utkarsh, Goswami, Imon, Suresh, Swathy
Bump steer and Brake steer optimization in steering linkages through TAGUCHI method DOE analysis2021-26-00799/22/2021
Due to recent infrastructural development and emerging competitive automotive markets in India, there is seen a huge shift in customer’s demand and vehicle drivability pattern in commercial vehicle industry. Now apart from ensuring better vehicle durability and best in class tyre life and fuel mileage, a vehicle manufacturer also has to focus on other key attributes like driver’s safety and ride comfort. Thus, for ensuring enhanced drivability, key parameters for ensuring better vehicle handling includes optimization of bump steer and brake steer. Both bump steer and brake steer are vehicle’s undesirable phenomenon where a driver is forced to constantly make steering wheel correction in order to safely maneuver the vehicle in the desired path. Since both bump steer and brake steer are caused due to the interactions of several vehicle parameters such as – drop arm and steering arm hard point, suspension stiffness, suspension eye and shackle position, caster angle, draglink length etc
Chopra, Nitin, P, Mahadevan
Mitigation of Engine Sub-system Noise in Two Wheeler Using Crank Angle Domain Analysis2021-26-03069/22/2021
One of the main objective of manufacturer is to achieve high productivity with low cost while increasing the customer satisfaction. With increased competition in the automotive sector the product quality is defined not only from fuel economy and durability perspective but also Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH), which plays a vital role in attracting the customers. In two wheeler, engine is dominant noise source and its quality improvement is utmost priority. Now a days, several signal processing and sensing techniques are developed for noise source identification of an engine but precise source identification can be achieved only by advanced analysis technique. This paper focuses on a procedure for noise source identification from engine sub-system viz. valve operation and its generation mechanism using crank angle domain analysis in two wheeler engine. Baseline noise measurements were carried out for critical frequency identification. Further, vibro-acoustic measurements were
Jagdale, Yogeshwar Pundlik, Askhedkar, Amlesh, Arimboor, Kuriyan
Evolution and Future Development of Vehicle Fuel Specification in China2021-01-12019/21/2021
Fuel quality has a significant influence on the combustion engine operation. In recent years the increasing concerns about environmental protection, energy saving, energy security and the requirements of protecting fuel injection and aftertreatment systems have been major driving forces for the Chinese fuel specification evolution. The major property changes in the evolution of Chinese national gasoline and diesel standards are introduced and the reasons behind these changes are analyzed in this paper. The gasoline fuel development from State I to State VI-B involved a decrease of sulfur, manganese, olefins, aromatics and benzene content. The diesel fuel quality improvement from State I to State VI included achieving low sulfur fuels and a cetane number (CN) increase. Provincial fuel standards, stricter than corresponding national standards, were implemented in economically developed areas in the past. Currently only Beijing is still implementing regional standards with national
Guo, Zexian, Liu, Zemin, Shuai, Shijin
Implementation of Lean Operation User ManualJ4001_202109 (Current)9/21/2021
SAE J4001 provides instruction for evaluating levels of compliance to SAE J4000. Component text (Sections 4 to 9) from SAE J4000 is included for convenience during the evaluation process. Applicable definitions and references are contained in SAE J4000. SAE J4000 tests lean implementation within a manufacturing organization and includes those areas of direct overlap with the organization’s suppliers and customers. If applied to each consecutive organizational link, an enterprise level evaluation can be made. SAE J4001 relates the following approximate topic percentages to the implementation process as a whole: SAE J4001 is to be applied on a specific component basis. Each of the 52 components tests part of, one, or multiples of the specific requirements of lean implementation. Implementation throughout an organization may be measured by evaluating all of the components. The level of compliance for each component relative to best practice may be used as a reference by an organization to
Automotive Quality and Process Improvement Committee
Implementation of Lean Operation User ManualJ4001_202109-TEST-REC (Historical)9/21/2021
SAE J4001 provides instruction for evaluating levels of compliance to SAE J4000. Component text (Sections 4 to 9) from SAE J4000 is included for convenience during the evaluation process. Applicable definitions and references are contained in SAE J4000. SAE J4000 tests lean implementation within a manufacturing organization and includes those areas of direct overlap with the organization’s suppliers and customers. If applied to each consecutive organizational link, an enterprise level evaluation can be made. SAE J4001 relates the following approximate topic percentages to the implementation process as a whole: SAE J4001 is to be applied on a specific component basis. Each of the 52 components tests part of, one, or multiples of the specific requirements of lean implementation. Implementation throughout an organization may be measured by evaluating all of the components. The level of compliance for each component relative to best practice may be used as a reference by an organization to
Automotive Quality and Process Improvement Committee
Carburizing and Heat Treatment of Carburizing Grade Steel PartsAMS2759/7E (Historical)9/15/2021
This specification, in conjunction with the general requirements for steel heat treatment covered in AMS2759, establishes the requirements and procedures for three classes of gas, vacuum, liquid, and low pressure (LPC) carburizing and related heat treatment of parts fabricated from carburizing grade steels. Parts made from steels other than those specified in the detail specifications may be heat treated in accordance with the applicable requirements using processing temperatures, times, and other parameters recommended by the material producer unless otherwise specified by the purchaser. This specification does not cover pack carburizing.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
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