Browse Topic: Quality standards

Items (208)
Find
testing new software productSAE-SUP-TEST134/1/2026
Software Diagram https://wcm14-tst.cld.sae.org/site/binaries/content/gallery/mobilus-brx/digital-supplements/software-diagram.png/software-diagram.png/sae%3Amedium
Aluminum Bronze, Centrifugal and Chill Castings 85Cu - 11Al - 3.6Fe As CastAMS4870G (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers an aluminum bronze alloy in the form of centrifugal and chill castings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Castings, Leaded Bronze, Sand and Centrifugal 80Cu - 10Sn - 9.5Pb As CastAMS4842G (Current)11/25/2025
This specification covers a leaded bronze in the form of sand and centrifugal castings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Die Castings 8.5Si - 3.5Cu (A380.0-F) As Cast AMS4291K (Current)11/21/2025
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of die castings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum Alloy, Die Castings 9.5Si - 0.50Mg (360.0-F) As Cast AMS4290N (Current)11/21/2025
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of die castings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Flight Test Assessment of Scalable Low-Level Mission Task ElementsF-0081-2025-01405/20/2025
Low-level flight, defined by high-speed operations near terrain, represents a significant challenge in military rotorcraft missions while providing strategic advantages, such as radar evasion and heightened surprise. Recent conflicts highlight the urgent need for advanced low-level flight capabilities in the design of new rotorcraft. The close proximity to ground obstacles, combined with the complexities of piloting, necessitates precise control and robust handling qualities to prevent accidents. However, existing handling quality standards, such as MIL-DTL-32742, reveal limitations in assessing low-level maneuvers. Given the diverse array of new rotorcraft designs, driven by initiatives like the U.S. Army's Future Vertical Lift and NATO's Next Generation Rotorcraft Capabilities, a customized handling qualities evaluation for each design is impractical. In response, a performance-driven strategy has been implemented, scaling Mission Task Elements to align with aircraft performance capabilities. This approach identifies handling quality gaps across the Operational Flight Envelope, concentrating on the aircraft’s effectiveness in achieving task success under varied conditions. Prior simulator studies validate the effectiveness of this method for assessing different configurations. This paper presents flight test results using DLR's ACT/FHS research helicopter, confirming a set of scalable Mission Task Elements developed at DLR's AVES and NASA's VMS simulators. Pilots utilized a Head-Mounted Display for task cueing, eliminating the need for physical infrastructure. The Mission Task Elements proved suitable for evaluating the low-level handling qualities of the ACT/FHS. Although the provided Head-Mounted Display facilitated Handling Qualities evaluations, it encountered some hardware limitations. The scaling for different airspeeds met pilot expectations, and wind compensation functioned as anticipated, enhancing the independence of flight tests from environmental conditions. These findings lead to recommended updates for task descriptions and course cueing requirements, confirming desired performance tolerances.
Jusko, Tim, Berger, Tom, Walko, Christian
An eleventh one for CUR-1174PC11-CUR-1174 (Current)4/2/2024
Italic
Flight Simulator Engineering and Maintenance Committee
Carburizing and Heat Treatment of Carburizing Grade Steel PartsAMS2759/7E (Historical)9/15/2021
This specification, in conjunction with the general requirements for steel heat treatment covered in AMS2759, establishes the requirements and procedures for three classes of gas, vacuum, liquid, and low pressure (LPC) carburizing and related heat treatment of parts fabricated from carburizing grade steels. Parts made from steels other than those specified in the detail specifications may be heat treated in accordance with the applicable requirements using processing temperatures, times, and other parameters recommended by the material producer unless otherwise specified by the purchaser. This specification does not cover pack carburizing.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Good Design Controls Are Critical to Avoiding FDA IssuesTBMG-357831/1/2020
Medical device companies recognize that having an emphasis on design controls helps to assure good design and engineering practices that yield high-quality solutions. This is critical when considering FDA validation and design compliance. But to accomplish this, first know what key elements should be incorporated in design controls before implementing formalized plans for their creation.
Bringing Precision Anamorphic Micro-Optics to Consumer-Level Laser ApplicationsTBMG-3547511/1/2019
The use of laser light for precise illumination has been limited to high-end applications like optical lithography or small niche markets like measurement technologies. Now that such industries as automotive and consumer electronics are developing and ramping up the production of LIDAR and 3D sensors, laser illumination is scaling in a new direction. For imaging applications, optics made of polymers are already the first choice for such devices as smart cameras. But in order to deliver glass micro-optics with better performance and long-term stability, the cost structure of injection molded polymer optics needed to be addressed.
Manufacturing and Inspection Standards for Preformed Packings (O-Rings)AS871B (Current)10/17/2019
This specification controls surface condition, manufacturing defects and inspection requirements, and defines methods of measurement for elastomeric toroidal sealing rings (O-rings) for static (including gasket) applications.
A-6C2 Seals Committee
Metal Stamping: Converting Parts for Cost SavingsTBMG-3537210/1/2019
In today’s world of medical device manufacturing, cost pressures are very real. At the same time, cost savings can be just as real, especially when companies examine their manufacturing processes for greater efficiencies. One area that is gaining particular attention is metal stamping of previously machined, metal injection-molded, or laser-cut parts.
Vision Sensors in Factory AutomationTBMG-345776/1/2019
There are a number of ways to extract data from a production line. In factory automation, sensors are used in work cells to gather data for inspection or to trigger other devices. These sensors fall into multiple categories – photoelectric, fiber optic, proximity, ultrasonic, and vision are the most common.
A Blockchain-Backed Database for Qualified Parts2019-01-13433/19/2019
Certain standard parts in the aerospace industry require qualification as a prerequisite to manufacturing, signifying that the manufacturer’s capacity to produce parts consistent with the performance specifications has been audited by a neutral third-party auditor, key customer, and/or group of customers. In at least some cases, a certifying authority provides manufacturers with certificates of qualification which they can then present to prospective customers, and/or lists qualified suppliers in a Qualified Parts List or Qualified Supplier List available from that qualification authority. If this list is in an infrequently updated and/or inconsistently styled format as might be found in a print or PDF document, potential customers wishing to integrate qualification information into their supplier tracking systems must use a potentially error-prone manual process that could lead to later reliance on out-of-date or even forged data. This paper proposes a blockchain-backed database for such applications, facilitating integration with integrators’ electronic systems including near real-time data updates and a reliable audit trail of changes, certificates that provide more reliable signals of data integrity, and a better user interface with enhanced search capabilities. Though piloted with some centralized control related to the centralized issuance of qualifications, the paper describes how blockchain technology in this application could allow a consortium of companies to manage such a database in a decentralized structure like a decentralized autonomous organization. The proposed database also introduces generalizable data structures which can lend powerful dynamism to other data stores in domains with similar data structures or challenges. This paper describes an example implementation converting the TS200 Qualified Manufacturers List to a blockchain-backed database with search and administrative interfaces. The paper further discusses practical challenges associated with implementing such a database and future directions for additional capabilities.
Towne, W. Ben
Tolerance Management in a Semi-Automated and Collaborative Human-Robot Aircraft Riveting Process2019-01-13733/19/2019
Large aircraft sizes with high precision requirements combined with complex joining tasks are typical challenges for aircraft production. To increase competitiveness and effectiveness, the automation of such production processes seems a viable solution for companies in the aircraft sector. When implementing automation, in order to handle small batch sizes and high variation while adhering to tight tolerances, the production equipment must meet high quality standards and flexibility requirements. To achieve the objectives above, tolerance management is essential: deviations are acceptable within limits, as long as they do not result in quality losses and expensive rework. For these reasons, all the interactions between the product, production process and production equipment used must be analyzed in detail. The importance of this analysis is evident in assembly where new technologies are used, such as (semi-)automation using Human-Robot-Collaboration. Despite its innovative value, this approach must be robust, within tolerances and have minimal deviations from the outset. However, current planning and optimization of deviations and tolerances lack properly developed methods and approaches. This paper proposes a method for securing and achieving proper tolerance in assembly processes: characteristic trees and tolerance chains are simple methods to make tolerance management more effective and attractive. The method combination promotes understanding of interactions and communication between all those involved in the development of products and the associated processes. The methods developed are validated using a semi-automated riveting process, with Human-Robot-Collaboration, to complete a joining process in the assembly of the aft section. In this scenario the pressure bulkhead is mounted to the section barrel by means of hundreds of rivets. The intention is to implement a semi-automated production process to improve ergonomics, increase process traceability and efficiency, and minimize rework while meeting tolerance requirements.
Mueller, Rainer, Vette-Steinkamp, Matthias, Schirmer, Leonie, Masiak, Tobias
Collaboration in a Hybrid Team of Human and Robot for Improving Working Conditions in an Aircraft Riveting Process2019-01-13723/19/2019
Aircraft production is facing various technical challenges, such as large product dimensions, complex joining processes, and organization of assembly tasks. Overcoming such challenges, as well as maintaining low tolerances and small batch sizes, is often difficult to achieve whilst retaining economic viability. ZeMA believes that a semi-automated approach is the most effective way to optimize aircraft section assembly. This can be achieved with a semi-automated riveting process for solid rivets, using Human-Robot-Collaboration in combination with an intuitive Human-Machine-Interaction operating concept. In the assembly of aircraft structures - in this scenario the aircraft aft section - the pressure bulk head is mounted to the section barrel. Two operators work collaboratively in uncomfortable, non-ergonomic positions, yet of course have to maintain exacting quality standards. In order to improve this process, a dynamic task sharing strategy between human and robot according to their respective skills, with due consideration given to ergonomic factors is proposed. The ideal solution involves placing a robot inside the section barrel. The robot’s workspace is expanded by mounting it on top of a lifting unit so that it can position the anvil properly. In the meantime, the human performs the more complex tasks of inserting the solid rivets and operating the riveting hammer from outside the section barrel. In order to carry out the assembly tasks efficiently, the following components must be implemented: Human-Robot-Collaboration based on natural and intuitive interaction possibilities, and smart mixed reality devices for communication between human and robot in the hybrid team. By implementing a modular control system for configuration and operation of the assembly station with a variety of interaction possibilities, human and robot can perform the collaborative riveting process more efficiently than human operators alone. Additionally, due to the high forces and vibrations applied by the riveting hammer, a process-specific tool has been developed to prevent damage to the robot system. The implementation of natural and intuitive interaction within the Human-Robot-Collaboration achieves operator acceptance, improves ergonomics and therefore effectively optimizes aircraft production. The results are part of the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, and present semi-automation as shown in the HRC riveting process.
Mueller, Rainer, Vette-Steinkamp, Matthias, Kanso, Ali, Masiak, Tobias
Specification and Inspection of Glass for Integrally Lighted Aerospace InstrumentsARP924B (Current)10/10/2018
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) covers the requirements for the types of glass to be utilized in the fabrication of cover glasses and lighting wedges used in aerospace instruments. It defines the maximum extent of physical defects and recommends standard methods of inspection and evaluation. Definitions of terminology used in this document are covered in 2.2.
A-20A Crew Station Lighting Committee
Seven Steps to Successful Contract Manufacturing for the Medical IndustryTBMG-3306710/1/2018
Contract manufacturing, or outsourcing, has typically been associated with a company using an offshore manufacturer and lower labor rates to produce their products at a lower cost than would be possible domestically. However, contract manufacturing also provides opportunities for companies looking to utilize the knowledge and experience of existing manufacturers, both domestic and foreign. This option allows companies to avoid large capital expenditures on machinery to build product, as well as the operating cost associated with running this machinery. While this can be an attractive option for companies operating in a wide array of industries, the medical equipment and device segment is one where substantial benefits can be realized.
Optical Interconnect Design Challenges in SpaceTBMG-329069/1/2018
More and more aerospace applications are incorporating fiber optics technology into their designs due to its many advantages over copper. The thinner fiber solutions provide higher speed over a longer distance, are more reliable, offer higher noise immunity and, in many cases, lower the cost of ownership. Additionally, for the same diameter, fiber can pack more data than copper. Fiber is faster than the category 5 and 6 copper cables, approaching the speed of light (31% lower). For copper, pushing the speed beyond 1G is a challenge, but for fiber 10G is quite common. Copper is limited by distance. Usually, signal degradation with copper will occur after about 90 meters (2.7 km maximum for custom systems), while fiber can achieve more than 1.5 km without a problem and can deliver over 80 km depending on transmission signal quality.
Orthopedic Replacement Implants Market: Drivers and DevelopmentsTBMG-324568/1/2018
The global market for minor orthopedic replacement implants exceeded $1.5 billion in 2017. Analysts from The Business Research Company forecast the market value to grow at a rate of over 7 percent and to reach $2.2 billion in 2021 in their report “Minor Orthopedic Replacement Implants.”1 According to the report, the primary reason for this growth is the high incidence of arthritis and fractures. Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are the major causes for joint replacement surgery, including minor orthopedic joints. The other cause for joint replacement surgery is failed previous joint replacement surgery. This article examines the trends that are driving this market, including a look at materials, regions, procedures, and regulatory developments that are shaping the future of orthopedic implants.
Cold Start HD FTP Test Results on Multi-Cylinder Opposed-Piston Engine Demonstrating Rapid Exhaust Enthalpy Rise to Achieve Ultra Low NOx2018-01-13784/3/2018
The 2010 emission standards for heavy-duty diesel engines in the U.S. have established a limit for oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions of 0.20 g/bhp-hr., a 90% reduction from the previous emission standards. However, it has been projected that even when the entire on-road fleet of heavy-duty vehicles operating in California is compliant with the 2010 emission standards, the upcoming National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) requirement for ambient particulate matter and ozone will not be achieved in California without further significant reductions in NOx emissions from the heavy-duty vehicle fleet. Given this, there is potential of further reduction in NOx emissions limit standards for heavy duty engines in the US. Recently there have been extensive studies and publications focusing on ultra-low NOx after treatment technologies that help achieve up to 0.02g/bhp-hr. at tailpipe [1]. To achieve ultra-low NOx emission levels over the composite HD FTP cycle, rapid heat energy must be provided to the diesel exhaust after-treatment system during cold start portion of the cycle, and peak NOx reduction efficiency must be maintained during the hot-start portion of cycle. Delivering this has been the challenge for conventional four-stroke heavy duty diesel engines as these are competing demands. Ultra-low NOx system solutions involving the implementation of supplemental heat sources downstream in the exhaust system comes at CO2 penalty and adds significant cost and complexity. The Achates Power Opposed-Piston Engine design provides an ideal solution to this challenge. The opposed-piston engine has several inherent advantages over conventional four-stroke engines, like higher BTE [2], low BMEP and internal EGR facilitating low engine out NOx and ability to provide rapid engine out temperature rise [3] for emission system while maintaining low engine out NOx. This paper highlights the results from cold-start HD FTP testing with the 4.9L Opposed-Piston Engine. The target of this testing was to evaluate the ability of the Achates Power Opposed-Piston Engine to provide rapid engine out temperature rise by operating the engine in the mode designed to deliver exhaust enthalpy, aiding fast catalyst light-off which enables early and peak NOx conversion in the exhaust after treatment system. Rapid exhaust heat and temperature rise that was delivered exceeded SCR catalyst light-off temperature thresholds (200°C) within the first 40 seconds in the cycle while controlling the engine out NOx levels.
Patil, Samrat, Ghazi, Ahmad, Redon, Fabien, Sharp, Christopher, Schum, Dan, Headley, John
Making the Switch from Manual Squeeze Bottles to Benchtop Fluid DispensingTBMG-286824/1/2018
Depositing small, repeatable volumes of fluid in assembly applications spans a diverse range of industries. The ability to deposit precise amounts of material is an ever-increasing necessity for manufacturers, particularly when assembling electronics and medical devices. These fluids must be dispensed reliably, accurately, and with consistent repeatability in dosage and placement. The precise positioning and quantity of the fluids deposited is integral to the assembly, function, quality, appearance, and viability of the final products being manufactured.
Magnetic Particle Acceptance Criteria for PartsAMS2442A (Current)2/25/2018
This specification establishes acceptance criteria for discontinuities revealed by magnetic particle inspection of parts made from wrought, ferromagnetic materials.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Design Controls: Addressing Changes in ISO 13485TBMG-283572/1/2018
When ISO 9001 was produced by the International Standards Organization, it put forth the general quality standard that organizations could adopt to ensure that the organization is focused on quality, the basic structure is in place, and the product it is offering will be at acceptable levels. That was readily accepted and embraced. For the medical device industry, ISO 13485 specifies requirements for a quality management system where a medical device organization needs to demonstrate its ability to provide medical devices and related services that consistently meet customer and applicable regulatory requirements.
Direct Delivery Authorization Guidance for Aerospace CompaniesARP9107A (Current)11/9/2017
Limited to the commercial aerospace industry where a request is made for a PO to have Direct Delivery Authorization (DDA), which includes an Appropriate Arrangement (AA) between the PO and the Design Organization (DO). In this process the DO is responsible for ensuring the continuous updating of design and airworthiness data to the PO, whilst the PO is responsible for assurance that the manufactured article conforms to approved design and airworthiness data. The PO is responsible to provide airworthiness release documentation.
G-14 Americas Aerospace Quality Standards Committee (AAQSC)
Flexible Liquid Lens Simplifies InspectionTBMG-275689/1/2017
When you buy a new car, you can choose from a wide range of exterior and interior features, transmission and dynamics, and safety bundles, to configure your individual vehicle. From the point of view of engine manufacturing, this entails a wide range of designs and sizes. To meet demands for high quality, the manufacturer must test their engines according to industry-specific guidelines and quality standards. Industrial vision systems make an important contribution to quality assurance and increased efficiency in engine manufacturing. There used to only be a small range of products, whereas nowadays fully automated evaluation of a wide variety of large components and complex geometries is required. A single component may call for as many as 100 features to be inspected in different positions.
Skin-worn Wearable Devices: Tomorrow’s Vision, Today’s RealitiesTBMG-273208/1/2017
.
Finding Alternatives to Cadmium in Aerospace ApplicationsTBMG-269886/1/2017
It is both an exciting and a difficult time for the aerospace industry. While the sector is at its most buoyant with demand soaring in the commercial market, this is placing a strain on the manufacturing supply chain, and putting the MRO (maintenance, repair and overhaul) market under pressure to keep aircraft in operation for as long as possible. In addition, OEMs and MRO businesses are being forced to consider potential ever-evolving legislation, particularly regarding the use of various chemicals used in the plating process, most notably the use of cadmium. This toxic metal has long been the topic of debate in the industry, with companies facing the threat of a European ban on cadmium being extended to the global aerospace industry if studies into possible alternatives prove fruitful.
Ford sets tech-paper record as SAE boosts quality standard17AUTP04_124/1/2017
SAE International and its industry partners are continually improving the quality and topicality of technical papers published annually. And as the paper review process has become more rigorous, the industry has responded with an increased number of manuscripts submitted over the last five years. That has helped SAE deliver maximum value to its members and WCX attendees. OEMs are helping to raise technical paper quality overall by learning from each other. The ‘Written Only’ paper category was established to give authors the opportunity to submit a manuscript at any time. With this, SAE did not need to be reliant on event ‘call for papers’ (CFPs) for manuscripts. And rather than simply rejecting a paper, organizers can now suggest that authors withdraw their paper, continue to work on it, then submit it to the Written Only portal for publication consideration. This has raised the bar on paper quality and has boosted quantity as well.
Brooke, Lindsay
Adhesives with Additives: Dressings Designed to Deliver Added ValueTBMG-267204/1/2017
Multipurpose functionality has become an expectation in the modern lifestyle. A washing machine is no longer just a washing machine but rather a computerized appliance that can automatically order its own detergent when it senses supplies are low. An alarm clock isn't only a device to wake you up. It's an Internet of Things-enabled personal assistant, capable of sharing the weather forecast, streaming your favorite songs on demand, and calculating how you're measuring up against your latest fitness goals. Our phones aren't just for talking. They're mini computers, calculators, cameras, video recorders, and audio players. Social media apps aren't just for keeping up with friends. If you like something you see on Pinterest, you can click and buy it instantly.
Automotive Engineering: April 201717AUTP044/1/2017
Thought leadership at WCX17 Proliferating electrification and performance. Clarity of purpose Honda's 2017 Clarity Fuel Cell has impressive performance, zero emissions and zero range anxiety. Clarity is ready for the mainstream, but is hydrogen fuel? Lightweighting hinges on the details Multi-material design approaches require careful integration of all adjacent constituents. Haptic feedback for gesture-control HMI Mid-air gesture controls rely on sophisticated sensing to aid the human-machine interface and help keep drivers' eyes on the road. Road-efficient mud machine Jeep's new Compass benefits from a trick AWD system co-developed with GKN. Past as prelude to the future SAE's Mobility History Committee brings a trove of knowledge- and cool technology. The new Fellow from Ricardo Prof. Neville Jackson will be recognized as an SAE Fellow at WCX17. Editorial: The new engineering shortage SAE Standards News Moving EV wireless charging toward a global standard Supplier Eye The new supplier invasion Euro NCAP to adopt autonomous-vehicle ratings Ford sets tech-paper record as SAE boosts quality standard The upside of engine downsizing: senior auto executives give their views New Lexus LC brings new platform, hybrid system 805-hp Mercedes-AMG GT Concept hybrid heralds production model Renault claims Chevy Bolt-beating range for new Zoe EV Phil Guys, AAM's CTO, talks 'radical' Quantum axle
Secure Boot Implementation for Hard Real-Time Powertrain System2017-01-16563/28/2017
Vehicle Security means protecting potential threats, unintended malfunction and illegal tuning. In addition, it has become a more important issue on an automotive system as it is directly connected to the driver and pedestrian's life. Automotive industry significantly needs to enhance security policies to prevent attacks from hackers. Nevertheless, in some systems, performance still has to be considered at first when security functions are implemented. Especially, in case of Engine Management System (EMS), fast engine synchronization for starting should be considered as the first priority. This paper is intended to show an approach to design efficient secure boot implementation for EMS. At the beginning of this paper, the concept of secure boot is explained and several use cases are introduced according to execution modes, such as the foreground and background secure boot modes. As a next step, engine starting process by EMS is explained. The Fuel injection and ignition process after engine synchronization are then explained. Some severe issues happened in engine restart by EMS reset during engine running are discussed in detail. In any case, Engine should be stable. Even in restart case. This paper is suggesting efficient secure boot implementation strategies which focus on stable engine restart and re-synchronization. These strategies include task allocation in operation system, task split based on multiple cores, and memory allocation. This paper is a part of Hyundai Autron’s EMS project. The Infineon 32-bit, TriCore™ MCU, Aurix™ with embedded hardware security module (HSM) is used for timing measurement, with the concept of security refers to SHE+, Infineon security software package.
Kim, Daehyun, Shin, Eunho, Park, Jin Seo, LEE, KyungSu, Gui, Kok Cheng, Scheibert, Klaus
Optimizing the Rear Fascia Cutline Based On Investigating Deviation Sources of the Body Panel Fit and Finish2017-01-16003/28/2017
A vehicle’s exterior fit and finish, in general, is the first system to attract customers. Automotive exterior engineers were motivated in the past few years to increase their focus on how to optimize the vehicle’s exterior panels split lines quality and how to minimize variation in fit and finish addressing customer and market required quality standards. The design engineering’s focus is to control the deviation from nominal build objective and minimize it. The fitting process follows an optimization model with the exterior panel’s location and orientation factors as independent variables. This research focuses on addressing the source of variation “contributed factors” that will impact the quality of the fit and finish. These critical factors could be resulted from the design process, product process, or an assembly process. An empirical analysis will be used to minimize the fit and finish deviation. Experimental approach as well as Response Surface Methodology “RSM” will be used for developing the analysis. Models that accurately describe the response values by experiments will help identify the most critical factors and an analytical model and RSM will be used to optimize the acceptable values on these factors. Expected results are to improve the exterior quality that show the consistency of the gab and flush along the rear fascia cutline as well as reduce the offset issue.
Mansour, James, Jawad, Badih, Liu, Liping, Fernandez, Vernon, Abro, Sabah, Tibbenham, Jeff
Optimizing Fuel Filters via SimulationTBMG-262171/1/2017
Cars contain numerous filters for air, fuel, and oil. Those who develop these filters are confronted with many requirements. The products must withstand intense temperature fluctuations and vibrations, fit into a predefined installation space, and comply with increasingly stringent quality standards, all while development times get shorter.
Testing of Adhesive Bonds on Large Industrial Components made of CFRP with a Robot Inspection System Using Active Thermography, Leading to Reduced Cycle Times2016-01-21239/27/2016
The integration of omega stringers to panels made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) by adhesive bonding, which is achieved by baking in an autoclave, must be subject to high quality standards. Failures such as porosity, voids or inclusion must be detected safely to guaranty the functionality of the component. Therefore, an inspection system is required to verify these bonds and detect different kinds of defects. In this contribution, the advantages of a robotic inspection system, which will be achieved through continuous testing, will be introduced. The testing method is the active thermography. The active thermography has major advantages compared with other non-destructive testing methods. Compared to testing with ultrasonic there is no coupling medium necessary, thus testing will be significantly enhanced. To ensure the water to drain away, which is necessary for the function of the ultrasonic transducer, the shell element must be turned upside down in a subsequent step. This is very complex and requires much time. Due to the spatial expansion of the shell elements, a further advantage will be achieved by a continuous movement of the inspection system. In this variant of testing with active thermography, the positioning time for the measurement system is eliminated and by spatial shifting the contrast of failure measurement, a much shorter testing time will be achieved. As a result, the inspection system has the potential to reduce cycle times substantially. Additionally, failures into adhesive bonds can be automatically detected by a down-streamed image processing.
Busch, Matthias, Faupel, Benedikt
Optimized Design Procedure for Active Power Converters in Aircraft Electrical Power Systems2016-01-19899/20/2016
In modern aircraft power systems, active power converters are promising replacements for transformer rectifier units concerning efficiency and weight. To assess the benefits of active power converters, converter design and optimization should be carefully done under the operation requirements of aircraft applications: electromagnetic interference (EMI) standards, power quality standards, etc. Moreover, certain applications may have strict limits on other converter specifications: weight, size, converter loss, etc. This paper presents the methodology for performance optimization of different active power converters (active front-ends, isolated DC/DC converters and three-phase isolated converters) for aircraft applications. Key methods for power converter component (e.g. inductors, semiconductor devices, etc.) performance optimization and loss calculation are introduced along with the converter optimization procedure. Targeting at achieving extreme converter efficiency, a 3 kW interleaved Vienna rectifier (active front-end) with over 99% efficiency was designed and constructed based on the proposed methodology. Moreover, a 1.2 kW three-phase isolated AC/DC converter aiming at achieving both high power density and converter efficiency was constructed and tested. This converter achieved 22 W/inch3 power density and 97.1% full load efficiency. The models involved in the design were validated and the design estimations were verified experimentally by the three prototypes.
Wang, Qiong, Burgos, Rolando, Zhang, Xuning, Boroyevich, Dushan, White, Adam, Kheraluwala, Mustansir
Supplier Self Verification Process, Delegation ProgramsAS9015A (Current)8/12/2016
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) further defines the requirements for a delegation process identified in Aerospace Quality Management System (AQMS) standards (i.e., AS9100, AS9110, AS9120). This standard establishes minimum requirements for the delegation of product verification to an organization's suppliers; outlining requirements for the initial delegation (qualification/selection), maintenance, and removal/withdrawal of delegations.
G-14 Americas Aerospace Quality Standards Committee (AAQSC)
Software Life Cycle Processes – Implementation ConsiderationsIEEEEIA12207_2 (Current)6/16/2016
This guide provides implementation consideration guidance for the normative clauses of IEEE/EIA 12207.0. The guidance is based on software industry experience with the life cycle processes presented in IEEE/EIA 12207.0.
Systems Management Council
Industry Implementation of International Standard ISO/IEC 12207:1995 (ISO/IEC 12207) Standard for Information Technology Software Life Cycle ProcessesIEEEEIA12207_0 (Current)6/16/2016
This International Standard establishes a common framework for software life cycle processes, with well-defined terminology, that can be referenced by the software industry. It contains processes, activities, and tasks that are to be applied during the acquisition of a system that contains software, a stand-alone software product, and software service and during the supply, development, operation, and maintenance of software products. Software includes the software portion of firmware. This International Standard also provides a process that can be employed for defining, controlling, and improving software life cycle processes.
Systems Management Council
Software Life Cycle Processes – Life Cycle DataIEEEEIA12207_1 (Current)6/16/2016
This guide provides guidance for recording life cycle data resulting from the life cycle processes of IEEE/EIA 12207.0. NOTE—For informative references, see annex A.
Systems Management Council
DESIGNING VME POWER SYSTEMS WITH STANDARD MODULES16AERP06_026/1/2016
Off-the-shelf DC-DC converter and EMI filter modules enable rapid development of custom power solutions. Military electronics continue to push the performance envelope in all directions. Each new system design faces the same challenges: the need for more processing power, tighter specs, and shorter development time. Continual advances in system performance often require similar advances in the power system. VME architecture is common in many military applications, as systems can readily be built around standard or custom circuit cards. Off-the-shelf VME power supplies are available, but often don't meet the necessary requirements or haven't kept up with recent performance advances. Usually, neither schedule nor budget allow for a full custom power supply development effort. Fortunately, an optimized VME power supply solution can be built from standard off-the-shelf high-reliability or COTS DC-DC converter modules. This solution can be rapidly developed at minimal cost since most of the design effort is internal to the modules. Input power bus requirements such as MIL-STD-704, MIL-STD-1275, RTCA DO-160 Section 16, and DEF STAN 61-5 can be met by combining standard DC-DC converter, EMI filter, and transient protection modules. Control and telemetry functions, secondary filtering, and other special requirements can be implemented with discrete circuitry. This modular approach can be made to fit almost any application, achieving the same end performance as a custom power supply with much lower risk.
Designing VME Power Systems With Standard ModulesTBMG-249106/1/2016
Military electronics continue to push the performance envelope in all directions. Each new system design faces the same challenges: the need for more processing power, tighter specs, and shorter development time. Continual advances in system performance often require similar advances in the power system. VME architecture is common in many military applications, as systems can readily be built around standard or custom circuit cards. Off-the-shelf VME power supplies are available, but often don’t meet the necessary requirements or haven’t kept up with recent performance advances. Usually, neither schedule nor budget allow for a full custom power supply development effort.
Designing VME Power Systems With Standard ModulesTBMG-249116/1/2016
Military electronics continue to push the performance envelope in all directions. Each new system design faces the same challenges: the need for more processing power, tighter specs, and shorter development time. Continual advances in system performance often require similar advances in the power system. VME architecture is common in many military applications, as systems can readily be built around standard or custom circuit cards. Off-the-shelf VME power supplies are available, but often don’t meet the necessary requirements or haven’t kept up with recent performance advances. Usually, neither schedule nor budget allow for a full custom power supply development effort.
Metric-based Evaluation of Software Architecture for an Engine Management System2016-01-00374/5/2016
Powertrain software development for series production faces multifaceted challenges related to high functional complexity, high quality standards, reduced time to market and high development costs. Software architecture tackles the above mentioned challenges by breaking down the complexity of application software into modular components. Hence, design errors introduced during that phase cause significant cost and time deviations. Early and repeated analysis of new and modified architecture artifacts is required to detect design errors and the impact of the subsequent changes in the software architecture. Engine management software has a high degree of functional complexity and large number of system variants depending upon market requirements. This paper deals with the methods to perform automated evaluation of Renault’s EMS 2012 Engine Management Software in a Continuous Integration Framework. The adopted approach enables frontloading of development effort, avoids quality risks at a later stage of development and reduces time and cost for series software development.
Venkitachalam, Hariharan, von Wissel, Dirk, Richenhagen, Johannes
Milling Tooling Developments Increase Quality and Productivity in the Machining of Orthopedic Replacement ComponentsTBMG-243804/1/2016
The manufacturing of medical components must meet standards of accuracy, reliability, quality, and traceability that equal and sometimes exceed those required for aerospace and nuclear parts. In addition, global competition and efforts to restrain health care expense create great pressure to maximize productivity and reduce manufacturing costs. Tooling manufacturers are helping medical partmakers meet these challenges with a selection of milling tools custom-engineered for the machining of complex orthopedic replacement components.
Systems and Methods for Manufacturing Aircraft Furniture Parts Using an Integrated Automated Cell2015-01-26009/15/2015
This paper presents a full automated solution that uses robots for manufacturing business jets primary parts. The purpose of this technological innovation is to increase productivity, improve the quality of final product, reduce costs with maintenance and consumable materials, in addition to meeting the requirements of ergonomics, occupational health and safety. So, better results have been sought in terms of process efficiency and technological innovation aligned to competitive market requirements related to industrial automation. The aim is to improve the manufacturing processes of the furniture parts, striving for excellence in every step by further adding value and reducing wastes in order to reduce manufacturing costs and enable greater customer satisfaction.
Barbosa, Gustavo Franco, Cordeiro, Elton Candia, Costa, Fábio Rodrigues
Evaluation of Paralleled Generation Architectures for Civil Aircraft Applications2015-01-24079/15/2015
The aviation industry has witnessed a technological shift towards the More Electric Aircraft (MEA) concept. This shift has been driven by a number of perceived benefits including performance optimization and reduced life-cycle costs. Increased electrification within MEA has made aircraft electrical networks larger and more complex and this necessitates an increased electrical power offtake from the engine. The paralleling of multiple generation sources across the aircraft is one potential design approach which could help improve engine operability and fuel efficiency within more-electric aircraft platforms. Accordingly, this paper will investigate options for the realization of paralleled generation systems within the context of current design and certification rules. The paper first illustrates, through simulation, that MIL-STD-704F voltage envelopes may be breached for some interconnected electrical architectures under fault conditions. The paper then assesses various solution options to minimize the propagation of transients across the interconnected network and demonstrates their effectiveness with reference to appropriate power quality standards. The paper concludes by providing estimates of the impact of each of these solution options on the total weight of the electrical system, highlighting how different designs and operating strategies can influence the design at a systems level.
Kostakis, Theodoros, Norman, Patrick, Fletcher, Steven, Galloway, Stuart, Burt, Graeme
A Global Improvement in Drilling and Countersinking of Multi-Material Stacks with Vibration Assisted Drilling2015-01-25019/15/2015
Over the last few years, many aircraft production lines have seen their production rate increase. In some cases, to avoid bottlenecks in the assembly lines, the productivity of processes needs to be improved while keeping existing machine-tools. In this context, the case of drilling machine-tools tends to require particular attention, especially when multi-material parts are drilled. In such instances, the Vibration Assisted Drilling (VAD) process can be a way to improve productivity and reliability while keeping quality standards. This article presents a case of a drilling/countersinking process for stainless steel and titanium stack parts. Firstly, the article assesses the feasibility and benefits of using Vibration Assisted Drilling and Countersinking with the current cutting-tools. Secondly, it studies the consequences of introducing a new tool holder in the process, which combines the V.A.D. function, a new declutching function and the ability to control countersink depth. Thirdly, a process study is undertaken on these last developments in order to design more efficient cutting tool geometries. New drilling and countersinking combined tools are developed. Their performances when used with the V.A.D. process are highlighted, in terms of productivity, reliability and quality.
de Castelbajac, Cosme, Laporte, Sylvain, Lonfier, Julian, Puviland, Emmanuel
Agility in Systems Engineering2015-01-01444/14/2015
System Engineering is a broad concept that can be applied to any business case to help transform the engineering and the organizational needs into understandable, unambiguous, achievable tasks with a fixed time-line. In today's dynamics of the demanding business needs it has become inevitable to think for solutions that guarantee faster delivery while maintaining the quality standards. Traditional processes tend to fall back when implemented to satisfy the challenges faced by engineers in real world while achieving the business need. Many processes have evolved based on the lessons learnt while organization strives towards continuous improvement and adhering to quality standards. Agile, Lean, Kanban are few proven set of principles and practices that has helped to deliver expected results. These methodologies have to be tailored so that the principles can be well adapted to SW or IT industry where the prime focus is more on SW development rather than in the area of system engineering. The papers provides an insight into the system engineering practices and presents an agile framework that can be applied to the science of systems engineering while discussing the tools and methodologies that can be used to alleviate the process of achieving the business need.
Muthuvana, Diljith, prasad, Renuka
Virtual Vehicle Design based on Key Performance Indicators Assessing the Vehicle Portfolio2014-01-24159/30/2014
This paper focuses on the manufacturer's conflict in the conceptual design of commercial vehicles between highly customized special vehicles and the greatest possible degree of standardization. Modularity and standardization are crucial success factors for realizing high variance at the best cost efficiency in development and production as well for achieving the highest quality standards at reduced efforts for technical validation. The presented virtual design approach for commercial vehicle concepts allows for purposeful design and integration of new concepts and technologies on the component level in an existing product portfolio - not neglecting manufacture's portfolio requirements concerning standardization and modularity. The integrated tool chain helps to bring trade-offs to a head that exist in balancing between dedicated vehicles with best customer-relevant characteristics and standardized vehicles with the highest degree of commonality. For this, one core aspect is KPI-based portfolio assessment which is presented in the focus of this paper. The embedding in an integrated tool chain, its setting and functionality are outlined in overview.
Förg, Armin, Wolter, Moritz, Kreimeyer, Matthias, Lienkamp, Markus
Items per page:
1 – 50 of 208