Browse Topic: Hydraulic fluids

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HANDBOOK OF HYDRAULIC METRIC CALCULATIONSAIR1657 (Current)04/05/2023
SI and other metric units related to aerospace hydraulics are summarized. Conversion of English units is provided as required. Fundamental fluid properties and physical laws governing fluid motion and pressure are described in SI units. Examples of application to typical aerospace hydraulic system components are worked out. Thermodynamic processes are excluded from the scope of this report.
A-6A2 Military Aircraft Committee
Information Report
DESIGN OF LOAD CELL OPERATED MAGNETIC BRAKING SYSTEM2022-01-110603/29/2022
The traditional braking system uses hydraulic fluid with components such as master cylinder, floating calliper, brake pedal, and connecting rod. The disadvantage with this system is regular maintenance, changing of oil and leakage. To overcome these disadvantages and making it cost effective this work is proposing a Load-cell operated magnetic braking system. It is reliable and requires less maintenance. The braking process involves impressing load on the load cell installed upon the steering wheel of the car. The load is converted to electric signals and will be transferred to the amplifier, then this amplified signal is supplied to hub of the rotor which is magnetic operated and applies brake. This braking system has more safety and accuracy compared to traditional braking system. Brakes are disengaged magnetically and engaged electrically. This brake system is used for dynamic stopping and holding halt and has flexibility in controlling the braking force through voltage applied
Srivastava, Jay Prakash
Technical Paper
Application Guide for Aerospace Hydraulic MotorsARP4940A (Current)11/09/2021
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is an application guide for fixed and variable displacement hydraulic motors. It provides details of the characteristics of fixed and variable displacement hydraulic motors, architectures, circuit designs, controls, and typical applications. The applications include airborne and defense vehicles with emphasis on high performance applications.
A-6C4 Power Sources Committee
Recommended Practice
Gland Design, O-Ring and Other SealsAS4716D (Current)11/09/2021
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) provides standardized gland (groove) design criteria and dimensions for O-ring seal glands for static and dynamic applications, and other seals.
A-6C2 Seals Committee
Technical Standard
Gland Design, O-Ring and Other SealsAS4716D-TEST-REC (Historical)11/09/2021
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) provides standardized gland (groove) design criteria and dimensions for O-ring seal glands for static and dynamic applications, and other seals.
A-6C2 Seals Committee
Technical Standard
Hydraulic Cylinder Leakage TestJ1336_202110 (Current)10/12/2021
Applies to hydraulic cylinders which are components of off-road self-propelled work machines defined in SAE J1116.
CTTC C1, Hydraulic Systems
Recommended Practice
Carbon Fiber Fabric and Epoxy Resin Wet Lay-Up Repair Material Part 5 - Carbon Fiber Fabrics, Plain Weave, 193 g/m2, and Epoxy ResinAMS2980/5A (Current)09/24/2021
This Material Specification defines the requirements of carbon fiber fabric and epoxy resin systems used for wet lay-up repair of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy structures, qualified according to AMS2980/1 and AMS2980/2. Unless otherwise specified by the drawing, the order or the inspection schedule, the present specification shall be used in conjunction with the referenced documents.
AMS CACRC Commercial Aircraft Composite Repair Committee
Material Specification
CABLE, FIBER OPTIC, MULTIMODE, 100/140/172 μm GRADED INDEX, NONHERMETIC, LOOSE TUBEAS5382/2B (Current)09/21/2021
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
Technical Standard
CABLE, FIBER OPTIC, MULTI-MODE, 50/125/450 µm, GRADED INDEX, HERMETIC COATED, TIGHT BUFFERAS5382/5B (Current)09/21/2021
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
Technical Standard
CABLE, FIBER OPTIC, MULTIMODE, 100/140/172 μm GRADED INDEX, HERMETIC COATED, TIGHT BUFFERAS5382/1B (Current)09/21/2021
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
Technical Standard
CABLE, FIBER OPTIC, SINGLE-MODE, 4.6/125/450 µm, HERMETIC COATED, TIGHT BUFFERAS5382/4B (Current)09/21/2021
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
Technical Standard
CABLE, FIBER OPTIC, MULTI-MODE, 200/230/500 μm, STEP INDEX, TIGHT BUFFERAS5382/6B (Current)09/21/2021
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
Technical Standard
Fusion Splice for Aerospace Fiber Optic CablesAS6506/1 (Current)07/23/2021
This specification includes detailed requirements for a fiber optic cable splice compliant with AS6506. Every requirement of the parent standard, AS6506, which applies to this detail specification is identified below by the word “applicable.” In any case in which a requirement of this specification varies from that of the parent standard, the alternate requirement is described. If a parent standard requirement does not apply, the words used are “not applicable.”
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
Technical Standard
Aircraft Tail BumpersAIR1800B (Current)06/22/2021
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) covers the field of civilian, commercial and military airplanes and helicopters. This summary of tail bumper design approaches may be used by design personnel as a reference and guide for future airplanes and helicopters that require tail bumpers. Those described herein will consist of simple rub strips, structural loops with a wear surface for runway contact, retractable installations with replaceable shock absorbers and wear surfaces and complicated retractable tail landing gears with shock strut, wheels and tires. The information will be presented as a general description of the installation, its components and their functions.
A-5B Gears, Struts and Couplings Committee
Information Report
Methods, Locations and Criteria for System Sampling and Measuring the Solid Particle Contamination of Hydraulic FluidsARP5376C (Current)05/06/2021
This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides: Recommended methods for cleaning sample bottles, when used, and the solvents to be applied and how these solvents should be prepared. Recommendations for three measuring methods for determining the level of solid particle contamination of hydraulic fluids used in aerospace hydraulics. Recommendations for the selection of the sampling point, sampling method, and the sampling frequency.
A-6C1 Contamination and Filtration Committee
Recommended Practice
Methods, Locations and Criteria for System Sampling and Measuring the Solid Particle Contamination of Hydraulic FluidsARP5376C-TEST-REC (Historical)05/06/2021
This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides: Recommended methods for cleaning sample bottles, when used, and the solvents to be applied and how these solvents should be prepared. Recommendations for three measuring methods for determining the level of solid particle contamination of hydraulic fluids used in aerospace hydraulics. Recommendations for the selection of the sampling point, sampling method, and the sampling frequency.
A-6C1 Contamination and Filtration Committee
Recommended Practice
Hose Characteristics and Selection ChartAIR797F (Current)04/30/2021
This document lists military and industry specifications and standards which are used in aerospace systems and for ground servicing equipment. The characteristic limitations of the hose, which are of major importance to designers, and the sizes in which the hoses are standard are shown. Revisions and amendments, which are current for these specifications and standards, are not listed.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Information Report
Hose Characteristics and Selection ChartAIR797F-TEST-REC (Historical)04/30/2021
This document lists military and industry specifications and standards which are used in aerospace systems and for ground servicing equipment. The characteristic limitations of the hose, which are of major importance to designers, and the sizes in which the hoses are standard are shown. Revisions and amendments, which are current for these specifications and standards, are not listed.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Information Report
Aircraft Crash AxesARP5403A (Current)04/23/2021
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) recommends general criteria for availability, location, accessibility, stowage, use, and crew member training needed for aircraft crash axes.
S-9A Safety Equipment and Survival Systems Committee
Technical Standard
Wheel ChocksAIR4905A (Current)04/08/2021
The purpose of this document is to present general considerations for the design and use of aircraft wheel chocks. The design and use of aircraft wheel chocks is a good deal more complicated than it may appear at first glance.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Information Report
Ford F-150 Raptor goes 4-door only; R version next year21AUTP03_1203/01/2021
Ford has unveiled its new Raptor, the third generation of the high-speed, off-road version of the F-150 pickup. Available only in a four-door SuperCrew configuration, the 2021 Raptor receives loads of new connectivity tech and expansive in-cabin screens. Mechanically, a new 5-link rear suspension along with revised suspension kinematics complement updated Fox Live Valve shocks and a new 37-inch tire option. With Raptor competition finally existing via the supercharged Ram TRX, Ford has responded by announcing a V8-powered Raptor R coming in 2022. The Raptor's drivetrain remains mostly unchanged, though Ford notes new “high-power” cooling-system fans to extend off-road capability. Improved low-end torque from the Raptor's standard 3.5-liter EcoBoost twin-turbocharged V6 arrives via a new active dual-exhaust setup. The new 3-inch (7.6 cm) equal-length system features a built-in X-pipe and a unique “trombone loop” to provide a rortier engine note. The increased output and Raptor-specific
Seredynski, Paul
Magazine Article
Aircraft Tail BumpersAIR1800A (Historical)02/03/2021
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) covers the field of civilian, commercial and military airplanes and helicopters. This summary of tail bumper design approaches may be used by design personnel as a reference and guide for future airplanes and helicopters that require tail bumpers. Those described herein will consist of simple rub strips, structural loops with a wear surface for runway contact, retractable installations with replaceable shock absorbers and wear surfaces and complicated retractable tail landing gears with shock strut, wheels and tires. The information will be presented as a general description of the installation, its components and their functions.
A-5B Gears, Struts and Couplings Committee
Information Report
CLAMP, LOOP, CUSHIONED, ELONGATED, METRICMA14272A (Current)12/29/2020
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Technical Standard
CLAMP, LOOP, CUSHIONED, ELONGATED, METRICMA14272A-TEST-REC (Historical)12/29/2020
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Technical Standard
Hydraulic Cylinder Rod Corrosion TestJ1333_202012 (Current)12/22/2020
SAE J1333 applies to hydraulic cylinders which are components of self-propelled work machines defined in SAE J1116.
CTTC C1, Hydraulic Systems
Recommended Practice
Flight Director EquipmentAS8008A (Current)12/22/2020
This Aerospace Standard covers Flight Director Equipments which display to the pilot a computed command for the operation of an aircraft in accordance with selected Mode(s). The term “Equipment” may include controls, displays, computers, etc. and may include sensors if furnished as a part of the Flight Director.
A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee
Technical Standard
Hydraulic Pump Minimum Inlet Pressure TestARP6249 (Current)12/10/2020
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) contains technical information for conducting and evaluating the minimum inlet pressure capability of axial piston pumps.
A-6C4 Power Sources Committee
Recommended Practice
Procedure for the Determination of Particulate Contamination in Hydraulic Fluids by the Control Filter Gravimetric ProcedureARP785B (Current)12/03/2020
This ARP describes a gravimetric method for the determination of particulate contaminant in hydraulic fluids by the control filter technique. NOTE: With this method, detectable contamination levels down to 0.2 mg (7.0 × 10-6 ounces) per sample can be obtained with a standard deviation of ±0.1 mg (±3.5 × 10-6 ounces).
A-6C1 Contamination and Filtration Committee
Recommended Practice
Degradation Limits of MIL-PRF-5606, MIL-PRF-83282, and MIL-PRF-87257 Hydraulic Fluids Used in Hydraulic Test StandsAIR810E-TEST-REC (Historical)10/14/2020
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) presents data on normally accepted changes in physical properties and contamination levels for MIL-PRF-5606, MIL-PRF-83282, and MIL-PRF-87257 hydraulic fluids used in hydraulic test stands. This information is of importance to all users of hydraulic test stands to assure the performance data obtained on these test stands for specific components will not be adversely affected by excessive changes in fluid properties or contamination levels.
A-6C3 Fluids Committee
Information Report
Degradation Limits of MIL-PRF-5606, MIL-PRF-83282, and MIL-PRF-87257 Hydraulic Fluids Used in Hydraulic Test StandsAIR810E (Current)10/14/2020
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) presents data on normally accepted changes in physical properties and contamination levels for MIL-PRF-5606, MIL-PRF-83282, and MIL-PRF-87257 hydraulic fluids used in hydraulic test stands. This information is of importance to all users of hydraulic test stands to assure the performance data obtained on these test stands for specific components will not be adversely affected by excessive changes in fluid properties or contamination levels.
A-6C3 Fluids Committee
Information Report
Hydraulic Cylinder Rod Seal Endurance Test ProcedureJ1374_202009 (Current)09/09/2020
Applies to hydraulic seals used to seal the rods of hydraulic cylinders which are components of off-road self-propelled work machines defined in SAE J1116.
CTTC C1, Hydraulic Systems
Recommended Practice
Hose Assemblies, Rubber, Hydraulic, Steel Wire Reinforced -Part 2: Ordering InformationJ1754/2_202009 (Current)09/08/2020
This SAE Standard covers ordering information for steel wire reinforced rubber hose assemblies using connectors specified in SAE Standard J516 or all parts of ISO 12151 for use in hydraulic systems using petroleum based hydraulic fluids with maximum working pressures of 1.7 to 42 MPa. See SAE J1754-2, Table 8 for hose operating temperature ranges and identification codes. NOTE: Working pressure is defined as maximum system pressure.
Hydraulic Hose and Hose Fittings Committee
Technical Standard
Standard Contaminant for Testing Aerospace CleanersAMS7201-TEST-REC (Historical)07/14/2020
This specification establishes requirements for a standard contaminant that can be used to represent typical soils encountered in aerospace cleaning. This standard contaminant consists of materials that are common contaminants found in aircraft maintenance depots and manufacturing facilities.
AMS G9 Aerospace Sealing Committee
Material Specification
Standard Contaminant for Testing Aerospace CleanersAMS7201 (Current)07/14/2020
This specification establishes requirements for a standard contaminant that can be used to represent typical soils encountered in aerospace cleaning. This standard contaminant consists of materials that are common contaminants found in aircraft maintenance depots and manufacturing facilities.
AMS G9 Aerospace Sealing Committee
Material Specification
Aerospace Fluid Power - Contamination Classification for Hydraulic FluidsAS4059F (Historical)05/05/2020
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines contamination classes and levels for particulate contamination of hydraulic fluids and includes methods of reporting related data (Appendix A). The contamination levels selected are based on the widely accepted NAS 1638 cleanliness classes. The conversion from NAS 1638 cleanliness class specifications to AS4059 class specifications is defined. The comparison of the NAS 1638 classes to AS4059 classes and levels is provided and are defined and the differences explained (Appendix B). NAS 1638 classes based on weight of particles are not applicable to these classes and are not included. A contamination code has been added to describe the contamination levels of the fluid at the specified particle size ranges.
A-6C1 Contamination and Filtration Committee
Technical Standard
Clamp Assembly, Saddle Type, Cushioned, General Specification ForAS85449B-TEST-REC (Historical)04/21/2020
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the requirements for saddle-type clamps. Tests and criteria noted do not indicate any specific areas of application or usage. Supplemental testing may be necessary to determine suitability for specific environments and applications.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Technical Standard
Clamp Assembly, Saddle Type, Cushioned, General Specification ForAS85449B (Current)04/21/2020
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the requirements for saddle-type clamps. Tests and criteria noted do not indicate any specific areas of application or usage. Supplemental testing may be necessary to determine suitability for specific environments and applications.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Technical Standard
Specification Definitions - Hydraulic BackhoesJ49_202003 (Current)03/04/2020
This standard applies to hydraulic backhoes which have no more than 190 degrees of rotational swing and are mounted on wheeled tractors and crawler tractors.
MTC1, Earthmoving Machinery
Technical Standard
Filter and Filter Element for Hydraulic System(s) Used on Manufacturing and Assembly EquipmentJ2066_201910 (Current)10/02/2019
This SAE Standard establishes a common specification and ordering code for hydraulic filter assemblies and hydraulic filter elements, and establishes minimum performance criteria and test methods. This document establishes two filter diameter sizes, five basic micron ratings, and two basic collapse ratings. These classifications will satisfy most hydraulic filter applications, and thereby can minimize inventory requirements for hydraulic filter elements.
Motor Vehicle Council
Technical Standard
Hydraulic Fluid Power Circuit Filtration - Application and MethodsJ931_201910 (Current)10/02/2019
This SAE Information Report is primarily to familiarize the designer of hydraulic powered machinery with the necessity for oil filtration in the hydraulic power circuit, the degree of system cleanliness required, types of filtration and filters available, and their location and maintenance in the hydraulic circuit.
CTTC C1, Hydraulic Systems
Information Report
Importance of Physical and Chemical Properties of Aircraft Hydraulic FluidsAIR81E (Current)10/02/2019
This document discusses the relative merits of the physical and chemical properties of hydraulic fluids in relation to the aerospace hydraulic system design, and the related materials compatibility. The discussion in this report applies both to hydrocarbon and phosphate ester based aircraft hydraulic fluids. In some cases, numerical limits are suggested, but, in general, the significance and effect of a property is noted qualitatively.
A-6C3 Fluids Committee
Information Report
Q&A: A Circulatory System for RobotsTBMG-3514609/01/2019
Robert F. Shepherd is Associate Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Cornell University in Ithaca, NY. He is leading a team exploring the use of hydraulic fluids in soft robots to also serve as a source of energy.
Magazine Article
Assessing Cleanliness of Hydraulic Fluid Power Components and SystemsJ1227_201908 (Current)08/29/2019
To describe laboratory methods for determining and reporting the contaminant level of the wetted portion of hydraulic fluid power components, parts, subsystems and systems, and of fill fluids. For each type of item, it provides a method of obtaining the liquid sample and the contamination level thereof. It also includes procedures for establishing a sampling plan and guidelines for establishing levels of acceptance, but does not set those levels.
CTTC C1, Hydraulic Systems
Recommended Practice
Hydraulic Thermal Bypass ValveTBMG-3487508/01/2019
ThermOmegaTech Warminster, PA 877-379-8258
Magazine Article
Filter Patch Testing Procedures for Aerospace Hydraulic Non-Rotating EquipmentARP1302A (Current)07/15/2019
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides a procedure for obtaining filter patch test samples from the following types of aerospace non-rotating hydraulic equipment: Mechanical/Hydraulic Units Electro/Hydraulic Units Pneumatic/Hydraulic Units
A-6C1 Contamination and Filtration Committee
Recommended Practice
New and Newly Retreaded Tire AppearanceARP6307A (Current)07/02/2019
This document is for establishing and addressing anomalies on appearance of new and newly retreaded tires prior to installation on aircraft. It is intended to use cosmetics as well as functionality to make a determination of acceptability. However, if cosmetic appearance is not a requirement, use the inspection criteria from ARP6225. This ARP does not supersede (E)TSO-C62 minimum requirements, including marking requirements.
A-5C Aircraft Tires Committee
Recommended Practice
Identification and Quantification of Phosphate Ester-Based Hydraulic Fluid in Jet Fuel04-12-01-000303/13/2019
Phosphate ester-based hydraulic fluids are commonly used in aviation, due to their fire-resistant properties. However, contamination of jet fuel with hydraulic fluid may cause serious engine failure, hot corrosion of metals, and swelling of elastomer and polymer seals. Identifying and quantifying hydraulic fluids in jet fuels using chromatography is challenging since common hydraulic fluids, such as ExxonMobil™ HyJet™ V and Skydrol™ LD-4, are composed of tri-butyl phosphate, the main peak of which overlaps with peaks from jet fuels in chromatograms. In this work, three techniques to separate and differentiate the jet fuel peaks from the tri-butyl phosphate peaks were developed. Two methods are based on a solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure followed by identification and quantification, which is carried out using a gas chromatograph equipped with a mass spectrometer or a flame ionization detector. The third technique is single-staged, where the separation and analysis are carried out
Stamker Gertopski, Diana, Tartakovsky, Konstantin, Rabaev, Moshe
Journal Article
Aircraft Tire Inspection - In-Service Removal CriteriaARP6225A (Historical)02/13/2019
This document is for establishing tire removal criteria of on-wing civil aircraft tires only. This document is primarily intended for use with commercial aircraft, but may be used on other categories of civil aircraft, as applicable. The criteria are harmonized with the Care and Service Manuals of the tire manufacturers for both radial and bias tires.
A-5C Aircraft Tires Committee
Recommended Practice
Sleeve, Hose Assembly, Fire ProtectionAS1072F (Current)01/07/2019
This standard defines the requirements for bulk protective sleeve to provide fire resistance for aircraft hose assemblies, which will enable these assemblies to meet the requirements of AS1055. NOTE: Use of this sleeve does not eliminate the need to demonstrate that the sleeved assemblies will meet the applicable requirements of AS1055.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Technical Standard
Specification Definitions - Hydraulic BackhoesJ49_201811 (Historical)11/14/2018
This standard applies to hydraulic backhoes which have no more than 190 degrees of rotational swing and are mounted on wheeled tractors and crawler tractors.
MTC1, Earthmoving Machinery
Technical Standard
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