Browse Topic: Polymers

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Wire, Electrical, Fluoropolymer-Insulated, Crosslinked Modified ETFE, Low Fluoride, Normal Weight, 80 Microinch Silver-Coated, High-Strength Copper Alloy, 200 °C, 600 Volt, ROHSAS22759/49C (Current)10/01/2025
SCOPE IS UNAVAILABLE.
AE-8D Wire and Cable Committee
Maximizing the Potential of TPU Extrusion in Medical Tubing ApplicationsTBMG-5216412/01/2024
Whether for vascular catheters or implantable devices, medical tubing must meet tough standards for flexibility, strength, and biocompatibility. That’s why more manufacturers are turning to thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) that strike the ideal balance between these key properties, making them an excellent choice for high-performance medical tubing. Unlocking the best that TPUs have to offer means optimizing the extrusion process. This article looks at why TPUs are a top pick, the common obstacles in extrusion, and the ways manufacturers can fine-tune their process to get the most out of different grades.
SOUCY COMPOSITE RUBBER TRACK TECHNOLOGY2024-01-359211/15/2024
ABSTRACT Rubber tracks are now extremely competitive for vehicles up to 50 tons and fully fielded on 39 ton vehicles. They represent the best of what technology can offer for tracked vehicles, in terms of high durability, performance and low life cycle cost. This is mainly attributed to the optimization through the five (5) technological tools described in this paper. Better from its numerous distinctive advantages, rubber tracks can be adapted to suit virtually any specific need. This ductile rubber track technology can be shaped to match today’s requirements, with the help of advanced rubber compounding and computer simulations.
Marcotte, Tommy
A UNIVERSAL STEERING GROMMET DESIGN APPROACH TO ENHANCE THE PASSENGER CABIN NVH PERFORMANCE2024-26-020201/16/2024
As a car OEM, we continuously strive to set the bar for competitors with every product. Consumer travel experiences are enhanced by increasing passenger cabin silence. There is only one steering system opening in the firewall panel, which is used for allowing intermediate shaft's fitment on the pinion shaft of the steering gear. The steering grommet is the sole component that covers the firewall cut-out without disrupting steering operations, which has a substantial impact on the NVH performance of the vehicle. It is typically used in cars to eliminate engine noise and dust entering to passenger compartment. The part is assembled inside the vehicle where the steering intermediate shaft passing through BIW firewall panel. We use a bearing, plastic bush, or direct rubber interference design in the steering grommet to accommodate the rotational input the driver provides to turn the automobile. However, occasionally noise may be produced due to uneven bearing or plastic bush loading or a
J, Sadhish, Vijayarangan, Deepak
Effect of Ceramifiable Silicone Rubber Composite based Thermal Insulators in Battery Packs2024-26-035101/16/2024
Silicone and rubber composite, often called Ceramifiable Silicone Rubber (CSR) has proven to show excellent mechanical and thermal properties. CSR materials have been mainly used in industrial applications like electrical insulating cables, decorations, and fire-proof materials. The mechanical and ceramifiable properties of CSR can be altered by changing the silicone rubber matrix and by adding the right additives or fillers. In this work, we prove the potential of CSR composites as thermal insulating materials in battery packs. Specifically, we explore the usage of CSR inside the battery pack to improve safety during thermal events. We also characterize the material properties before and after exposing the CSR composite to elevated temperatures and flame. Finally, we investigate the effectiveness of the CSR composite sheet in preventing or delaying cell-to-cell thermal propagation during a thermal runaway event inside the battery pack. Our experiments show that the CSR composite sheet
Nambisan T M, Praveen Kumar, H, Manjunatha, R, Pavan, P, Hari Prasad Reddy, G M, Bharath, Kulkarni, Mukund Aravind, Sundaram, Saravanan
Effect of environmental factors on the function of an Automotive Luggage Cover of a passenger vehicle – A case study2024-26-022801/16/2024
Abstract: - Automobile OEMs, universally, have always given high priority to the Luggage Area of the vehicle. Luggage Area primarily includes a Load Floor (the load bearing part), Side & Rear garnishes & the Luggage Shelf (or the Parcel Tray) for covering the luggage. The Parcel Tray makes the Luggage Area look neat and aesthetically appealing & is occasionally also used for carrying small items like files, papers, cushion, tissue box etc. The article under consideration in this paper is a Luggage Cover made from thermoplastic composite such as PP-Compounds (with Glass-fiber or Wood-powder), with rotating hinges towards the cabin side. Such types of Covers are predominantly in use in many markets including India. In the vehicle, the Luggage shelf is suspended on the Side Trims or Garnishes & has an elastomer interface with the back Door. The back door tends to be opened and closed in frequent intervals and the elastomer tends to harden with time. This leads to increased load on
Sreejith, M P, Khandelwal, Lokesh, Sandilya, Arnab, Natu, Mandar R, Ray, Amulya Kali, Handa, Rajat
Road noise analysis using Component TPA and FBS with vehicle component modifications2025-01-005505/05/2023
Road noise caused by road excitation is a critical factor for vehicle NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) performance. However, assessing the individual contribution of components, particularly bushings, to NVH performance is generally challenging, as automobiles are composed of numerous interconnected parts. This study describes the application of Component Transfer Path Analysis (CTPA) on a full vehicle to provide insights into improving NVH performance. With the aid of Virtual Point Transformation (VPT), blocked forces are determined at the wheel hubs; afterward, a TPA is carried out. As blocked forces at the wheel hub are independent of the vehicle dynamics, these forces can be used in simulations of modified vehicle components. These results allow for the estimation of vehicle road noise. To simulate changes in vehicle components, including wheel/tire and mount bushings, Frequency-Based Substructuring (FBS) is used to modify the vehicle setup in a simulation model. In this
Kim, Jungu, Reichart, Ron, de Klerk, Dennis, Schütler, Willem, Malic, Mario, Kim, Hyeongjun, Kim, Uije
A Comprehensive Evaluation of PU Foam for EV NVH Performance2025-01-012005/05/2023
Low density polyurethane foam was first proposed as an alternative to expandable baffles and tapes for sealing vehicle body cavities towards the end of the last century. In spite of several inherent advantages for cavity sealing, the high equipment cost of dispensing amongst other reasons, this technology has not spread as widely as expected. With the advent of electric vehicles, there is an increased emphasis on controlling higher frequencies from motors, inverters and other components, and polyurethane foam can be a viable solution by providing more robust sealing. Polyurethane foam sealing is already being employed in the new breed of electric vehicles but its NVH advantages have not been fully studied or published in literature. Using an existing electric vehicle with conventional expandable baffles & tape sealing measures, a comprehensive evaluation of NVH performance using the closed-cell polyurethane foam solution was carried out. Testing included component level bench test on
Kavarana, Farokh, Guertin, Bill, Braun, Arnold, Hand, Joshua, Thota, Manoj
Snap-fits evaluation for minimizing the Squeak & Rattle in Automotive2025-01-009105/05/2023
The world of plastic products has been growing due to its versatile properties, which have become an intrinsic and fundamental part of the engineering of new products. The most important aspects contributing to this spectacular growth are the design and assembly, making sure that plastic parts are designed optimally. The safety requirements have been increased due to the safety ratings and thus interior parts must provide more absorption and protection to occupants. The main connection types used in the plastic parts are heat stakes and snap fits. The purpose of a good snap fit is not only to have a high retention effort but also to present ergonomic characteristics with low insertion and extraction effort because each part requires a different function. With the time-dependent loading the material will redistribute its internal energy thereby performing a time-related flow leading to reduced pretension thus decreasing stiffness. This paper presents an analytical and numerical method
MICHAEL STEPHAN, NAVIN ESTAC RAJA, C M, MITHUN, Mohammed, Riyazuddin
Reducing LiDAR Cabin Noise with Damped Elastomers: a Novel Method for Predicting Performance and Durability2025-01-011405/05/2023
Mechanical LiDAR units utilize spinning lasers to scan surrounding areas to enable limited autonomous driving. The motors within the LiDAR modules create noise that can leak into the cabin of a vehicle. Decoupling the module from the body of the vehicle with highly damped elastomers can reduce the acoustic noise in the cabin and improve the driving experience. Damped elastomers work by absorbing the vibrational energy and dispelling it as latent heat, which creates challenges in an unpredictable automotive environment. Throughout the development process with vehicle OEMs and LiDAR ODMs, highly damped elastomers were able to effectively reduce the noise created by the scanning LiDAR modules in a laboratory environment. It was unproven that these elastomers would be as effective in extreme heat, cold, or humid environments. Extensive bench and vehicle tests were conducted, but confidence was low without a model to predict behavior at edge-cases. By creating a unique test method to model
Russell, Casey, Masterson, Peter, O'Connell, Kerry
Designing Rubber Flaps for Resonance Management: High-Frequency Tuning in Electric Vehicles Using AI/ML Approaches2025-01-012505/05/2023
High-frequency whine noise in electric vehicles (EVs) poses a significant challenge, affecting customer perception and the overall vehicle experience. One primary source of this undesirable noise is the interaction between motor pole resonance and the resonance of the engine mount rubber. This paper presents an innovative method for predicting and tuning the frequency response of engine mounts by precisely adjusting the dimensions of rubber flaps, specifically their length and width. The proposed solution employs a dual approach: fine-tuning rubber flap dimensions and utilizing machine learning (ML) techniques. An ML model, trained on historical data, predicts how varying flap dimensions impact frequency response, providing a data-driven foundation for optimization. This prediction capability is enhanced by a Python program that automates the optimization process using a linear combination formula, efficiently addressing resonance issues. By integrating ML insights with the linear
Hazra, Sandip, Khan, Arkadip
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Sustainable Rubber Hits the Road1337902/03/2023
When the rubber hits the road, one tire company stands out among the rest. From raw material traceability to supply chain transparency, Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company is not only helping to do what's good for business, but what's good for the planet, too. Driven by an ambitious sustainability strategy, Goodyear has set goals to develop a tire made of 100% sustainable materials by 2030 and using only renewable energy in its manufacturing facilities and operations by 2040. The company is even working to develop a domestic source of natural rubber from a specific species of dandelion in collaboration with the Department of Defense, the Air Force Research Lab, BioMADE and Farmed Materials. To learn more about Goodyear's impressive sustainability journey, we sat down with Ellis Jones, Vice President and Chief Sustainability Officer. He discusses the company's uniquely strong culture, the importance of working collaboratively with small farms, and the development of new sustainable tire
Hineman, Marcie
Optimization of Buckling Load of Thin Hybrid Composite plate of Carbon/Glass Epoxy using Taguchi Approach2022-28-050211/18/2022
The aim of the paper is to analyze the effect of the design factors on the buckling load of the thin hybrid laminated composite plate made of Carbon/Glass Epoxy fiber. The detailed investigation is done on the stacking sequence, stacking angle, cut-out orientation whose shape is elliptical and thickness of the plate. For optimization the Taguchi approach of Design for Experiments (DOE) is being considered. For obtaining the combinations L16 orthogonal array is implemented using MINITAB and analysis is carried using ANSYS software. Analysis of each factor is done and significance of each factor is decided based on the 0.05 confidence level. Normal Probability and Residual versus Fitted Values plot is being obtained. Based on the delta values rank for each factor which have four levels are given. The boundary condition of simply supported on all edges is considered during the simulation for calculating the critical buckling load.
Gore, Renuka, Bhaskara Rao, Lokavarapu
Liquid Metal Turns Motion into Electricity, Even UnderwaterTBMG-4691311/01/2022
null, null
Compatibility of Seven Biologically Derivable Diesel Blendstocks (1-Octanol, 2-Nonanone, Hexyl Hexanoate, n-Undecane, Di-isobutylene, Biodiesel and Renewable Diesel) with Fuel System Plastics2022-01-058303/29/2022
The compatibility of seven bioderivable diesel blendstocks with 21 plastic materials common to fuel storage, dispensing, and delivery systems was evaluated though volume and hardness measurements. The blendstocks included one alcohol (1-octanol), one acid ester (hexyl hexanoate), one ketone (2-nonanone), dibutoxymethane, and three akanes (n-undecane, biodiesel, and renewable diesel). Each blendstock was blended with diesel in concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 30 wt %. The plastics included resins, nylons, acetals, high density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyetheretherketone, polyphthalamides polyphenylene sulfide, polyethylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyetherimide, polyphthalamides, Polyacrylamide, and polybutylene terephthalate. Specimens of each plastic material were immersed in the test fuels for a period of 16 weeks and measured for volume and hardness. Afterward, they were dried at 60 °C for 65 h and
Kass, Michael, Janke, Chris, Nafziger, Eric
A fatigue life prediction method of rubber material for Automobile vibration isolator under road load spectrum2022-01-029103/29/2022
Automobile rubber isolator was subjected to random load cycle for a long time in the service process, and its main rubber material for vibration isolation was prone to fatigue failure. Since the traditional Miner damage theory overlooked the load randomness, it had a prediction error problem. In order to improve the prediction accuracy of rubber fatigue life, the traditional Miner damage theory was modified by random uncertainty theory to predict the rubber fatigue life under random load. Firstly, the rubber dumbbell-shaped test column, which was vulcanized from rubber materials commonly used in vibration isolators, was taken as the research object. The uniaxial fatigue test of rubber under different strain amplitudes and strain mean values was carried out. Then the fatigue characteristic curve of rubber with equivalent strain amplitude as the damage parameter was established. Secondly, the load spectrum of the rubber mount of an automobile powertrain was collected from different road
Zhu, Xijun
Development of a New Flammability Test Method: Enabling Material-Level Evaluation of Polymeric Materials for Electric Vehicle Battery Enclosures2022-01-084603/29/2022
The drive for reducing the weight and cost of battery systems for electric vehicles has led to continued interest in metal-to-plastic substitution and mixed-material designs for battery enclosures. However, the extreme performance requirements, such as thermal runaway mitigation, pose a challenge for plastic materials to meet. In an effort to design a cost-effective, lightweight next-generation battery enclosure while meeting the latest requirements, the Materials Development Department at the Hyundai-Kia America Technical Center has screened material performance of several plastic types. A new thermal runaway test set-up was developed with support from Underwriters Laboratory (UL), to create a scaled-down test representative of a full battery assembly in real-world conditions. The objective of this development was to provide a comprehensive matrix of test data that can inform material selection and design of next-generation battery enclosures based on performance requirements and
Nummy, Amanda
The Study of Time-frequency Domain Accelerated Editing Method for Road Load Spectrum of Automobile Rubber Isolator2022-01-073803/29/2022
In order to improve the efficiency of durability testing of automobile parts, a time-frequency domain accelerated editing method of road load spectrum of rubber mount on powertrain was discussed. Based on Stockwell Transform (ST) theory and Accumulative Power Spectral Density (APSD), a new time-frequency domain accelerated editing method (ST-APSD) was proposed. The accumulative power spectral density was obtained by ST of the load spectrum signal of automobile powertrain rubber mounting force collected by the real vehicle in the test field. Based on this, the threshold value was set to identify and delete the small damage load fragments, and the acceleration spectrum was obtained. At the same time, the existing time-frequency domain accelerated editing methods (short-time Fourier transform and wavelet transform) were used to accelerate the editing of the force load spectrum, and the editing effects of the three time-frequency domain editing methods were compared and analyzed from four
Zhu, Xijun
Wear and Friction of PTFE and PEEK Coated Cast Iron Piston Ring 2022-01-038003/29/2022
In engine 30% of the total energy is lost due to the friction between piston ring and cylinder liner due to their constant rubbing motion. A piston that reciprocates at high speeds has piston rings that constantly scrape against the wall leading to high frictional losses within the engine. The engine has to work against this resistance to provide the required power, and hence it will consume more fuel. For this reason, material used for these components is more crucial. Reduction of surface friction between moving parts in order to increase overall efficiency can be achieved by suitable coating. The most commonly used piston rings are coated with chromium layers that are electroplated which is being replaced by chrome plating. Low coefficient of friction (COF) and high wear resistance can be achieved by self-lubricating coating of PTFE and PEEK polymer-based composite coatings. Experimental results showed that the PEEK and PTFE coating performed better in terms of friction and wear
Rajendran, R.
Polyetherimide for magnet wire application 2022-01-040003/29/2022
Magnet wire is composed of conducting core and thin layer of electrical insulation. Cupper (Cu) is typically used as conducting core, and various polymers such as polyamideimide, polyimide, and polyesterimide are used for electrical insulation. The role of magnet wire is involved in interchanging between electrical energy and mechanical energy for energy transformation application such as transformer, motor, generator, and many other equipment. Currently, electric vehicles (EV) industry is rapidly growing and consequential demands on related components are increasing as well. Compared to combustion engine, EV needs more electrical power with higher voltages or higher currents, which can increase probability of electrical discharge. The degradation of insulation layer can happen with the polymer bond breakage under the partial discharge electric stresses. To keep high performance under higher voltage, insulating polymer should have high heat resistances, chemical resistance, and low
Kim, Sang Hoon, Lee, Dae Ho
Morphological Characterization of ABS and PC-ABS Surfaces for Automotive Industry2022-01-039503/29/2022
In the automotive industry, the measurement, control and reproducibility of certain morphological characteristics of surfaces are increasingly required since the surface morphology may be able to explain a large number of physical and mechanical characteristics, such as the degree of wear or the degree of adhesion by adhesives, glues or paints on the surfaces themselves. In this regard, the work is based on the study of ISO-25178 surface morphological parameters capable of completely characterizing a polymeric surface from a microstructure point of view. In particular, this work studies different surfaces in Abs (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) and PC-Abs (Polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) material after different etching treatments performed with different chemical elements: these treatments can radically modify the micro-roughness of a surface making it more or less suitable according to the industrial purposes sought. In addition, the work wants to identify which set
Deninno, Gianluca
An Integrated Approach for Simulation of the RTM Process2022-01-038703/29/2022
In the preform preparation stage of the RTM process, the fabric is draped on the mold along the geometry. Before the filling and warpage analysis, the draping analysis will be performed to get the fabric orientation. Due to the anisotropy of the fabric material, the main direction of the material has a significant influence on the overall flow behavior and warpage of the product. In this study, the advanced simulation approach for the RTM process is demonstrated. The filling and warpage analysis integrate with the draping simulation result from AniForm. The influences of fabric shearing and fiber orientation on the resin flow and warpage in RTM process is studied. With more accurate fabric orientation prediction methods, the accuracy of predicting fabric ply orientation is improved and more accurate infusion and product warpage simulation results can be obtained.
Bora, Anand
Ultimate Breakage Load Calculation Method of Cold Gas Inflator Burst Disk2022-01-093803/29/2022
For cold gas Inflator, high refinement of ultimate load forecast is one key of Inflator development. At beginning, two methods based on implicit algorithm, Zero Curvature method and RIKS method were used for burst disk hydro-burst test ultimate pressure load calculation. After considering the effect of bursting disk stamping process, comparing with results of real test, the refinement of the two methods were above 97% both. Studying the corresponding relations between displacement and stress matrix of the center point of burst disk by RISK method. It was found that under ultimate load, the third principal stress vs. displacement curve of the central node shown extreme point, and load step of the point was corresponding the one of maximum pressure load. This shown that after reaching the ultimate load, the center of the bursting disc lost stability in the direction of thickness. Based on the status of stress matrix analysis results of RIKS method, and for solving the nonlinear contact
Shan, Jinhui, Wang, Cheng
A study on editing method of road load spectrum of automobile rubber isolator using time-frequency domain methods2022-01-031403/29/2022
In order to enhance the efficiency of durability testing of automobile parts, a time-frequency domain accelerated editing method of road load spectrum of rubber mount on powertrain was discussed. Based on Stockwell Transform (ST) method and Accumulative Power Spectral Density (APSD), a new time-frequency domain accelerated editing method (ST-APSD) was proposed. The accumulative power spectral density was obtained by ST of the load spectrum signal of automobile powertrain rubber mounting force which is acquired by the real vehicle in the test field. Based on the accumulative power spectral density, the threshold value was proposed to identify and delete the small damage load fragments, and then the acceleration spectrum was obtained. At the same time, the already existed time-frequency domain accelerated editing methods (short-time Fourier transform and wavelet transform) were used to edit the force load spectrum to shorten the length of the spectrum, and the editing effects of the
Zhu, Xijun, Shi, Wei, Qian, Xuepeng, Wang , Fei
High performance unfilled polypropylene material for light weight interior trims2022-01-039303/29/2022
Light weighting is important to improve energy efficiency in the automotive industry. In this paper, high performance unfilled polypropylene copolymer (PPCP) material was selected and developed to reduce weight and cost without compromising on functional requirements for interior trims such as door trims, lower pillar trims, scuff trims and rear quarter trims (RQT). Interior trims are loaded with challenging requirements such as stiffness, dimensional stability, haptic feel, scratch resistance, cleanability, thermal stability, toughness, low emission and weathering resistance. Reactor polymerised PPCP material compound met these requirements by having ultra-flow behaviour, optimum tensile strength, balanced modulus - impact strength, scratch resistant, low emission and improved thermal properties. The combination of material, optimized part and tool design led to weight savings and considerable cost reduction.
Govindaraj, Karthik, Deoli, Manish, Gregory, Koch
IMPROVING AESTHETICS AND DURABILITY OF INTERIOR TRIMS WITH PU SOFT COATING2022-01-040203/29/2022
Low density plastic substrate significantly contributes to the vehicle weight reduction. It's a low-cost substrate because of mass production of moulded parts. So being a low-cost substrate and its low density properties, the use of plastic parts in automotive body construction, has been increased. But most of the plastic materials are not stable and durable in its color and gloss. Specific additives may help it to withstand, owning to the fact that whole bulk of plastic need not be loaded with these additives. Most plastic parts consist of thermoplastic polymers, have less resistance to chemicals, and solvents. This problem can be resolved using cross-linked and resistant coatings. With the importance of plastics, in automotive interior applications, study of coatings are required which improves performance, aesthetic effects, durability, and chemical resistance. PU based coating has much importance because of its versatile and unique properties. This paper is about Polyurethane based
Palliwar, Kanchan Raju
Decoding Genuine Ceramic Pad Formulations- Materials and Processing2021-01-127710/11/2021
The need to develop genuine ceramic composites for PV applications arose to overcome the challenges associated with traditional semi-metallic pads. The main focus is to achieve better performance, low noise, better pad and rotor wear, and low dust compared to semi- metallic pads. In general, brake pads convert kinetic energy to thermal energy through friction, and operating temperature in semi-metallic brake pads is higher due to the presence of steel having high thermal conductivity. Over the last decade, the customer preference has moved over to ceramic pads due to light coloured pad surface, low rotor and pad wear and low dust compared to semi-metallic pads. The traditional steel has been replaced by Aramid, engineered ceramic fibre, potassium titanate (TISMO D), lapinus fibre (RB 250) to impart similar/better performance. The current work investigates the characterisation of genuine ceramic and semi-metallic composites. Three genuine ceramic and one semi-met composite have been
Tomar, Bharat, Ali, Sharafat, Ellis, Keith, Choudhary, Yogesh
Impact of chemical blowing agent on polypropylene properties2021-28-020310/01/2021
Weight reduction and material saving goals in automotive applications have led to the processing of thermoplastic polymers by foam injection molding. The density of the foamed polymer can be reduced up to 20%. Whilst, work has been reported on the weight reduction of the foamed polymer by using different types of blowing agent technologies, there has been limited studies in the areas of the sound transmission loss and material dampening properties of these materials. The present study is intended to understand the effect of chemical blowing agent (CBA) on the properties of polypropylene. The molded specimens were characterized against the density, Tensile property, flexural property, Izod impact, heat deflection temperature, differential scanning colorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), sound transmission loss (STL) properties as per standard test protocol and cell structures by stereo microscope. Obtained results indicates
Shukla, Sandeep Kumar, Balaji, K V
Tribological evaluation of organic frictional composites filled with various nano- solid lubricants2021-28-025910/01/2021
Incorporation of organic fibers originate from plants in polymer composite is not new as they provide eco-friendly lighter composite and it have gained attention over a period of time because of the specific applications. The augmenting demanded by automotive sectors for wear and frictional areas where the conservation of energy is concerned is expected one with the addition of nano – solid lubricants. Our aim is to highlight the possibility of organic basalt fiber reinforced polymer composites along with three possible combination of nano – solid lubricants like graphite/graphene/ molybdenum disulfide was chosen and to fabricate tribo-materials through hot press technique. The outcome of the tribological tests (by varying load and sliding velocity) indicates that the responses of these three organic fiber based polymer composites have been effectively modified by nano-solid lubricants leading to significant enhancement as tribo materials is highlighted in higher level of load and
R, Soundararajan, Javid Firnas, Sait, Naveen raj, Nandakumar, pradeep s, sabapathy
Tribological Behavior of Thermal and Mechanical Composite Reinforced Sisal Characteristics and Influence SiC Filling Material2021-28-027710/01/2021
In order to investigate the possible use of normal capital, we have tried by hand to manufacture sisal fibre polymer composites. Natural fibre composites are reusable, low-cost and biodegradable. Simple source, lesser compactness, superior basic property, lower quality, acceptable physical and mechanical properties, non acidic in environment, make them a good-looking biological substitute for glass, carbon or other artificial fibres. The outcome of SiC on the physical and mechanical properties of organic sisal composite materials is studied in this work. The composite was manufactured with and without SiC, mixing natural sisal fibre with polyester as a reinforcement medium. The investigational results showed that the tensile force of the mixture with 12 % SiC was 2.52 times better than that of the composite devoid of SiC. The collision strength of the 12% SiC merged is 1.72 times higher than that of the SiC pure polyester composite. The physical properties deliberate include thermal
RAJU, GANESAMOORTHY, NATARAJAN, Balaji, Chakaravarthy, Ezilarasan, Samikannu, Poovaragan, R, Soundararajan
Mechanical property optimization of tamarind fruit fiber for lightweight structural composites applications2021-28-027010/01/2021
Natural fibers are dominating many composite industries due to their unique properties such as reusability, biodegradability, and environmental safety. Tamarind fruit fiber (TFF) stands out among the various fruit fibers and has been discovered in large quantities being discarded from the food processing industries. However, many natural fibers are extracted from their sources, which results in deforestation and environmental degradation. As a result, in today's world, recycling waste into new useful products is the primary concern in any field of engineering. In light of this, the current study used TFF obtained from agro industries and processed into fibers, which were then mixed with an unsaturated polyester matrix to create a natural composite material. Furthermore, by considering process parameters and their levels for conducting experiments, an orthogonal array has been achieved using Taguchi's design approach. The effect of different fiber diameters in relation to various gauge
Joseph Selvi, Binoj, Natarajan PhD, Manikandan, Pattipati Chinna PhD, Krishnamachary, Karu Clement PhD, Varaprasad, Pasupuleti, Thejasree, Justin Abraham Baby PhD, Sajin
Flexural behavior of hybrid layered composites suitable for automotive structural applications2021-28-021010/01/2021
Electric vehicle is the current trend in automotive industry. A light weight material at affordable cost is preferred for these types of vehicles. Composite is a suitable material for this due to their attractive strength-to-weight ratio. Even though carbon fiber reinforced composites provide very good strength and modulus its usage is limited because of their higher price. Hybrid laminates stacked with glass/carbon/kevlar fiber layer shall provide good strength at lower cost. This work focus on the flexural behaviour of glass fiber reinforced laminates stacked with carbon and kevlar fiber as outer layer. Laminates were prepared by hand lay-up method. Three-point bending test was conducted as per ASTM standard. A significant improvement in flexural modulus and bending resistance was observed for the glass/carbon-epoxy hybrid laminates when compared with the glass-epoxy laminate. The micrographs of the failed specimens are also studied.
A, Arockia Julias, Ponniah Daniel, Jeyakumar, Manohar, D Murali, Muthiah, Thirumurugan, R, Sathish Kumar
Effects of Environmental Factors on Flexural Properties of Long Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite2021-26-025709/22/2021
Environmental regulation, operating cost reduction and meeting stringent safety norms are the predominant challenges for the automotive sector today. Automotive OEMs are facing equally aggressive challenges to meet high fuel efficiency, superior performance, low cost and weight with enhanced durability and reliability. One of the key technologies which enable light weighting and cost optimization is the use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite in automotive chassis systems. FRP composites have high specific strength, corrosion and fatigue resistance with additional advantage of complex near net shape manufacturing and tailor made properties. These advantages makes FRPs an ideal choice for replacing conventional steel chassis automotive components. However, FRP’s face challenges from operating environment, in particular temperature and moisture. In the present study, the effect of environmental variables like temperature, moisture on properties of FRP was studied on epoxy based E
Polisetti, Venkata Sumanth, Shende, Deodatta Anil, Varatharajan, Senthilkumaran, Ponkshe, Shripadraj
MOLD IN COLOR PIANNO BLACK PC MATERIAL FOR AUTOMOTIVE EXTERIOR APPLICATION2021-26-024209/22/2021
Aesthetics contribute significantly to the customer buying decision of an automobile. This is traditionally achieved through painting. Sustainability and cost challenges have led automakers to look at substituting painting through molded-in color polymers in decorative bezels like pillar appliques. These appliques and bezels have a unique mix of material requirements that include color tone, gloss, stiffness, scratch resistance and weathering. Polycarbonates are an interesting class of polymers that has potential to meet these challenging requirements. This paper reports the work done in evaluating a polycarbonate compound in piano black shade to meet the functional and aesthetic requirements. The results prove that the material can substitute painting thereby resulting in significant cost savings.
Govindaraj, Karthik, Vimalathithan, Murukesan, Balaji, K V, Samir, Gandhi, hebbar, vinayak
FEA based methodology to optimize sealing performance in Fuel vapor emission valves2021-26-020309/22/2021
As per current global trends, low tailpipe and evaporative pollutant emissions is major focus area in automotive development. This has led to imposing stringent emission limits on both tailpipe and evaporative emission norms. In field of evaporative emissions, the fuel valves must meet zero-leak of fuel to canister requirement under different operating conditions. Corresponding sealing design iterations and evaluating the performance thru lab testing is time and cost consuming. Present study considers FEA based sealing analysis considering elastomeric-plastic interface using ANSYS. The designs are evaluated by comparing surface contact of seal with valve orifice. In present study, different combinations of shape, size of plastic and elastomeric parts, material stiffness, axis position of elastomeric & plastic parts and use of supporting structure for elastomeric parts are evaluated. A methodology is provided to optimize seal design to meet zero-leak of fuel requirement by using right
Pote, Mayur, Pethe, Anushri, Ostrosky, James, Mohite, Sanjay
CONNECTOR ACCESSORIES, ELECTRICAL, CAP, DUST, PLASTIC, CATEGORY 9AS85049/138C09/22/2021
SCOPE IS UNAVAILABLE.
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
Overview of various scratch test methods for high gloss polymer materials.2021-26-044809/22/2021
Polymers are substituting traditional materials, such as metals, in existing as well as new applications both structural and aesthetic as they are lightweight, customizable and are easy to mould into complex shapes. With such an extensive use of polymers, there is a need to carefully scrutinize their performance to ensure reliability. This is particularly the case in the automotive and electronic industries where the aesthetic appeal of their products is of prime concern and any visible scratch damage is undesirable. Concern for aesthetics has led to a need for the quantification of scratch damage visibility on polymeric surfaces and, hence, on the evaluation of scratch resistance. Many painted plastic parts used in vehicles are being replaced with the molded-in color plastics for cost reduction and due to recent and upcoming environmental concerns. There are multiple as well as different methods used for scratch evaluation of polymers and paints. With the boundaries of plastics and
jha, Ashutosh, Hatwalne, Mrunal, Khan, Shadan, Patil, Asha
Experimental investigations on material compatibility of a methanol fuel supply system of a spark ignition engine2021-01-118909/21/2021
Material compatibility of fuel supply system comprised of different materials including elastomers (nitrile, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) nitrile, chloroprene, natural rubber and ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM)), aluminium and fuel filter (outer tin coated circular plate and paper) with methanol was studied. The specimens of the parts of the fuel supply system were immersed in methanol for a period of ninety days under atmospheric conditions. The properties of the specimens such as physical changes using scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the surfaces and mechanical properties including tensile strength and strain at break were studied. It was observed from the images that the coating over the circular plate of fuel filter eroded while elastomers developed a whitish coat on their surfaces. SEM images indicated surfaces of EPDM, chloroprene and natural rubber were damaged significantly. Diffusion of methanol inside the elastomers negatively impacted on the increased mass of
Nidhi, Nidhi, Subramanian, K.A.
Test Method for Determining Cold Cracking of Flexible Plastic MaterialsJ323_202109 (Current)09/15/2021
This SAE Recommended Practice is applicable for determining the cold characteristics of flexible plastic materials, as applicable. It consists of three different methods for determining low-temperature properties of materials depending on type of material and end use. The method used shall be as specified by the contractual parties.
Textile and Flexible Plastics Committee
Suitable Test Sizes for O-ring SpecificationsARP3050A (Current)09/08/2021
There are many tests that have been developed to characterize rubber O-rings. Many of these tests are independent of the size of the O-ring being tested. However, there are some tests, specifically, stress/strain properties, that are a function of the O-ring’s size. The purpose of this report is to provide guidelines for specifying O-rings that would be considered “suitable for testing” when writing O-ring material specifications.
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
5 Ws of Puncture-Proof Soft ElectronicsTBMG-3978809/01/2021
The durable soft electronics could be used in wearable electronics and soft robotics and could someday be part of a stretchable smartphone.
Packing, Preformed (PTFE) - AMS3668, SealAS9956B (Current)08/19/2021
SCOPE IS UNAVAILABLE.
A-6C2 Seals Committee
Clamp, Loop Style, Cushioned, With Wedge, High Temperature, MetricMA2150/3A08/18/2021
SCOPE IS UNAVAILABLE.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Plastic Sheet and Strip, PolyimideAMSP46112B (Current)08/03/2021
This specification covers polyimide sheet and strip with or without heat sealable FEP-fluorocarbon coatings.
AMS P Polymeric Materials Committee
Stretchable Thermoelectric GeneratorsTBMG-3959908/01/2021
A soft and stretchable organic thermoelectric module has been created that can harvest energy from body heat. The breakthrough was enabled by a new composite material that may have widespread use in smart clothing, wearable electronics, and electronic skin.
Using Wood Byproducts to Produce Sustainable BioplasticsTBMG-3962308/01/2021
Efforts to shift from petrochemical plastics to renewable and biodegradable plastics have proven tricky — the production process can require toxic chemicals and is expensive, and the mechanical strength and water stability is often insufficient. Now, researchers have used wood byproducts to produce more durable and sustainable bioplastics.
Reduced Heat Leakage Improves Wearable Health DeviceTBMG-3961708/01/2021
Researchers have enhanced a flexible body heat harvester by preventing heat leakage. The harvesters use heat energy from the human body to power wearable technologies. The technology relies on the same principles governing rigid thermoelectric harvesters that convert heat to electrical energy.
Organic Material for Next-Generation HVAC TechnologiesTBMG-3962408/01/2021
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems often come with dehumidifiers but are currently not energy efficient, guzzling around 76% of the electricity in commercial and residential buildings. Researchers have determined that organic material called polyimides use less energy to dry air. Poly-imide-based dehumidifiers can bring down the price of HVAC systems, which currently cost thousands of dollars.
Flexible Organic PhotovoltaicsTBMG-3960908/01/2021
Organic solar cells rely on carbon-based materials including polymers — as opposed to hard, inorganic materials like silicon — to capture sunlight and translate it into current. Organics are also thin, lightweight, semi-transparent, and inexpensive. While commercial silicon-based solar cells perform at about 22 percent efficiency, organics top out at around 15 percent.
CONNECTOR ACCESSORIES, ELECTRICAL, BUSHING STRIP CATEGORY 7 (FOR USE WITH AS85049/118, /120, /121, /123, /124, /126)AS85049/127B (Current)07/30/2021
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
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