This SAE Recommended Practice is applicable for determining the cold characteristics of flexible plastic materials, as applicable. It consists of three different methods for determining low-temperature properties of materials depending on type of material and end use. The method used shall be as specified by the contractual parties.

Textile and Flexible Plastics Committee

Plastic Sheet and Strip, Polyimide

AMSP46112B (Current)08/03/2021

This specification covers polyimide sheet and strip with or without heat sealable FEP-fluorocarbon coatings.

AMS P Polymeric Materials Committee

Using Wood Byproducts to Produce Sustainable Bioplastics

TBMG-3962308/01/2021

Efforts to shift from petrochemical plastics to renewable and biodegradable plastics have proven tricky — the production process can require toxic chemicals and is expensive, and the mechanical strength and water stability is often insufficient. Now, researchers have used wood byproducts to produce more durable and sustainable bioplastics.

TUBING, PLASTIC, EXTRA FLEXIBLE, CONVOLUTED, HELICAL, ETHYLENE TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE (ETFE), CLOSE CONVOLUTION

AS81914/5C (Current)04/30/2021

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

TUBING, PLASTIC, FLEXIBLE, CONVOLUTED, HELICAL ETHYLENE TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE (ETFE), STANDARD CONVOLUTION

AS81914/6C (Current)04/14/2021

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

Products of Tomorrow: December 2020

TBMG-3818912/01/2020

This column presents technologies that have applications in commercial areas, possibly creating the products of tomorrow. To learn more about each technology, see the contact information provided for that innovation.

The Benefits of Embedding Marker Bands vs. Swaging

TBMG-3712606/01/2020

In order to identify the location of a catheter tip under fluoroscopy, the use of marker bands is commonplace in medical applications. These bands are typically platinum iridium metals that are easily detectable on the technology used during the surgeries but can also be made of tantalum or gold for certain applications. The marker bands are put on the catheter, either through swaging or embedding, as a shiny indicator to the surgeon of directly where in the body the tip is located as the operation progresses.

On-Glass Antenna for Connected Vehicle Communications

2020-01-137004/14/2020

In this paper, an aperture coupled glass patch antenna suitable for 5 GHz WLAN/Wi-Fi, Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications is presented. The proposed antenna is embedded into a laminated vehicle window glass. The laminated vehicle window is formed of outer and inner glass plies bonded together by an interposed layer, preferably of a standard polyvinylbutyral (PVB) or similar plastic material. The patch antenna uses the inner layer glass and the PVB layer as antenna substrate. The ground plan of the patch antenna is a layer of silver screen printed onto inner surface of the inner glass. The patch antenna is fed by a coupled aperture on the ground plan; therefore, no hole is required on the glass to feed the antenna. The antenna is conformal to the glass and can be hidden under the black paint around the perimeter of the window glass. The simulated and measured results are shown for the patch antenna and

Dai, David

Investigation of Silver-Plated Conductor Corrosion (Red Plague)

AIR4487B (Current)10/02/2019

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) shall be limited to information about a specific corrosion mechanism of silver-plated conductors that produces cuprous/cupric oxide deposits (Red Plague). It examines some possible causes and some recommendations to minimize the possibility of its occurrence. It also provides a number of reference documents that describe the corrosion in detail, methods to determine conductor damage, methods to produce the corrosion, and other investigative reports of this phenomena and their conclusions.

AE-8D Wire and Cable Committee

Products of Tomorrow: September 2019

TBMG-3512309/01/2019

Combining Origami and 3D Printing to Make Complex Structures in One Step

TBMG-3475107/01/2019

There are many different types of 3D printing technologies. The most familiar — inkjet — has been around for some 20 years. But until now, it has been difficult to create 3D-printed structures with the intricate hollow features associated with complex origami because removing the supporting materials necessary to print these structures is challenging. Further, unlike paper, the 3D-printed materials could not be folded numerous times without breaking. Making such structures has involved multiple steps, more than one material, and assembly from smaller parts.

Ingestible, Expanding Pill Monitors the Stomach for Up to a Month

TBMG-3462406/01/2019

An ingestible pill was developed that, upon reaching the stomach, quickly swells to the size of a soft, squishy ping-pong ball big enough to stay in the stomach for an extended period of time. The inflatable pill is embedded with a sensor that continuously tracks the stomach's temperature for up to 30 days. If the pill needs to be removed from the stomach, a patient can drink a solution of calcium that triggers the pill to quickly shrink to its original size and pass safely out of the body.

Method Shrinks Objects to the Nanoscale

TBMG-3440805/01/2019

Existing techniques for creating nano-structures are limited in what they can accomplish. Etching patterns onto a surface with light can produce 2D nano-structures but doesn’t work for 3D structures. It is possible to make 3D nano-structures by gradually adding layers on top of each other, but this process is slow and challenging. And while methods exist that can directly 3D-print nanoscale objects, they are restricted to specialized materials like polymers and plastics that lack the functional properties necessary for many applications. Also, they can only generate self-supporting structures; for example, the technique can yield a solid pyramid, but not a linked chain or a hollow sphere.

Metamaterial Mirror Reflects Sound Waves in Any Direction

TBMG-3438605/01/2019

Researchers have constructed a “metamirror” device capable of perfectly reflecting sound waves in any direction. The proof-of-principle demonstration is analogous to looking directly into a mirror and only seeing the person next to you instead of your own face. With a regular mirror, the light follows the Law of Reflection — it must bounce off of it at the same angle at which it entered. The same rules generally apply to sound. To break the law of reflection with sound waves, the researchers engineered a device that could precisely control amplitude (loudness) and speed throughout the entire wave.

Test Procedure for Determining the Resistance of Safety-Glazing Materials, of which One Surface is Plastic, to Simulated Weathering

J2081_201904 (Historical)04/11/2019

Glazing Materials Standards Committee

A Model Study for Prediction of Performance of Automotive Interior Coatings: Effect of Cross-Link Density and Film Thickness on Resistance to Solvents and Chemicals

05-12-02-000703/27/2019

Automotive interior coatings for flexible and rigid substrates represent an important segment within automotive coating space. These coatings are used to protect plastic substrates from mechanical and chemical damage, in addition to providing colour and design aesthetics. These coatings are expected to resist aggressive chemicals, fluids, and stains while maintaining their long-term physical appearance and mechanical integrity. Designing such coatings, therefore, poses significant challenges to the formulators in effectively balancing these properties. Among many factors affecting coating properties, the cross-link density (XLD) and solubility parameter (δ) of coatings are the most predominant factors. In general, the higher the XLD (i.e., more number of cross-links between the polymeric chain per unit volume of coating network), the lower the free volume between polymer chains and the lower the permeability to the diffusion of solvents and chemicals at a given film thickness. Coatings

Mannari, Vijay, Kommineni, Raviteja

“Metallic Wood” Has the Strength of Titanium and the Density of Water

TBMG-3392803/01/2019

Titanium is as strong as steel but about twice as light. These properties depend on the way a metal's atoms are stacked, but random defects that arise in the manufacturing process mean that these materials are only a fraction as strong as they theoretically could be. An architect, working on the scale of individual atoms, could design and build new materials that have even better strength-to-weight ratios.

CAE Based Head Form Impact Simulations for Development of Vehicle Interiors

2019-26-023701/09/2019

The interior components of a passenger vehicle are designed to provide comfort and safety to its occupants. In the event of accident, vehicle interiors are primary source of injuries when occupants interact with them. Vehicle interiors consists of Instrument panel (IP), center console, seats and controls in front of seating position etc. Severity of the injuries depends on the energy dissipating characteristics, profiles, projections of different interior components. These are assessed by ECE R21 and IS12553 head form impact tests. To evaluate the Head form impact performance on Interior components, Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) simulations are extensively used during the vehicle development. In order to predict failure of plastic components and snap joints which might lead to expose sharp edges, it is critical to model plastic material and snap joint. Vehicle interiors are certified for head form impact requirements based on physical testing where dashboard samples from productions

Suryawanshi, Yuvraj, Joshi, Kedar, Lambate, Sachin, Jadhav, Vilas

Test Procedure to Measure the Fuel Permeability of Materials by the Cup Weight Loss Method

J2665_201812 (Current)12/12/2018

This test standard covers the procedure for measuring the permeation of fuel or fuel surrogates through test samples of elastomeric, plastic or composite materials, up to about 3 mm thick. The method involves filling a test cup with the test fluid (fuel or fuel surrogate), sealing test sample over the open end of the cup, and then placing the sealed container into an oven at the desired test temperature and measuring the weight loss over time. Permeation rates are calculated from the rate of weight loss and the exposed area of the test sample. Standard permeation test temperatures are 40 °C and 60 °C. Standard test fluids are Fuel C, Fuel CE10 and Fuel CM15. Other fluids, such as Fuel CMTBE15, and other volatile liquids may be tested according to this procedure as desired (SAE J1681). The method is not applicable for measuring permeation of higher boiling materials that will not completely evaporate from the exterior surface of the sample at the test temperature.

Fuel Systems Standards Committee

New Catalyst for Plastic Production Also Creates Hydrogen

TBMG-3339012/01/2018

Researchers have developed a new, low-cost catalyst for plastic production that turns a biorefinery product into a starting material for the synthesis of plastics, which could represent a sustainable alternative to widespread PET. At the same time, hydrogen can also be formed during the reaction.

2018 Create the Future Design Contest: Sustainable Technologies Category Winner

TBMG-3332111/01/2018

Research Collaboration Could Reshape Injection Molding

TBMG-3308810/01/2018

As Ralph Colby peers at the microscope image in front of him, he thinks he can make them out — “shish kebabs,” as polymer scientists call them. Nobody knows for sure what they are, but these shapes that appear at seemingly unpredictable times when certain plastics cool have a big impact on the overall properties of plastics. It's not a big deal when a plastic fork breaks, but if a bearing cage on an airplane were to break, it could put people in danger.

Bio-Renewable Process Creates “Green” Plastic

TBMG-3310410/01/2018

Plastics are often derived from petroleum, contributing to reliance on fossil fuels, and driving harmful greenhouse gas emissions.

Cleaner, Transparent Plastic

AMS1535D-TEST-REC (Historical)09/28/2018

This specification covers a cleaner for plastics in the form of a liquid.

AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee

Cleaner, Transparent Plastic

AMS1535D (Current)

09/28/2018

This specification covers a cleaner for plastics in the form of a liquid.

AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee

Radiation Detection with Plastic Scintillators

TBMG-2902606/01/2018

It has been established opinion since the 1950s that organic crystals and liquid scintillators can work for detecting neutrons, but that plastics are not suitable for neutron detection. For years, plastic materials have been used in large, low-cost detectors for portals and high-energy physics facilities, and while they could detect neutrons and gamma rays, they have been incapable of distinguishing one from the other, which is key to identifying nuclear substances such as uranium and plutonium from benign radioactive sources.

The Unique Dynamic and Structural Solution of a Finite Element Representation of Full Vehicle Based on the Integrated Implicit/Explicit Approach

2018-01-121404/03/2018

This article describes a numerical methodology, based on Finite Element approach, able to simulate, with a unique solution, the dynamic and structural response of a full vehicle running on fatigue reference roads. The current durability process is a multidisciplinary one based on a combination of three different phases: load definition, stress definition, and fatigue life prediction. For Long-Time Histories events, the second phase of this process is necessarily based on a Linear assumption using a Static or Dynamic approach. However, in durability events, some situations can lead the material to work in the plastic range, thus putting on the top the strength aspect of the performances and making these phases not independent and sequential, but strongly interdependent. The goal of the methodology reported in this article is to merge, in a unique numerical simulation, the load and stress definition phases. To this purpose, the solution of a full vehicle model of a commercial van, with a

Duni, Efthimio, Signorini, Alberto, Puleo, Vincenzo, SIAS, Alessandro, Piccardi, Simone, Mennillo, Serena

Compatibility Assessment of Fuel System Thermoplastics with Bio-Blendstock Fuel Candidates Using Hansen Solubility Analysis

04-11-01-0004

03/01/2018

The compatibility of key fuel system infrastructure plastics with 39 bio-blendstock fuel candidates was examined using Hansen solubility analysis. Fuel types included multiple alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, alkenes and one alkane. These compounds were evaluated as neat molecules and as blends with the gasoline surrogate, dodecane, and a mix of dodecane and 10% ethanol (E10D). The plastics included polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyoxymethylene (POM), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polypropylene (PP), high density polyethylene (HDPE), along with several nylon grades. These materials have been rigorously studied with other fuel types, and their volume change results were found to correspond well with their predicted solubility levels. The compatibility was assessed using Hansen solubility parameters and in many instances peak solubility occurred for blends rather than the neat fuel

Kass, Michael, West, Brian H.