Browse Topic: Plastics

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Optimizing Stick Slip Performance in Automotive Interiors by Material Selection, Additives, and Design Strategies2026-26-03251/16/2026
The automotive industry is highly competitive, especially in terms of design and perceived quality. The use of hard plastics with a high gloss finish is driven by styling trends and the push towards zero gaps, making interfaces critical. In-cabin mood lighting is another feature being offered as a theme for interiors. Dashboard or cockpit designs often incorporate a significant amount of polycarbonate-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC-ABS) and polycarbonate (PC). These materials provide strength and design flexibility but have the disadvantage of material incompatibility when used together, leading to stick-slip phenomena. Traditionally, felt tapes were used as interface isolation to solve this problem, but this increased manufacturing costs and assembly complications. The study focuses on the stick-slip phenomenon and material interface modifications. Specifically, it examines selecting the right surface finish on one side of the PC & PC-ABS interface to change adhesion and friction
Mohammed, Riyazuddin, R, Prasath, Rahman, Shafeeq
Sustainable Tyre- A Journey to Meet Future Requirements of Tyre Industry2026-26-02911/16/2026
Sustainability and environmentally friendly business practices are becoming essential. Tyre industries are embracing the green initiatives to reduce its impact on the environment by exploring the eco-friendly strategies. Starting from the ethical raw material sourcing to a creative recycling technique, strategies are widely distributing in every step of tyre manufacturing to disposition. Each stage of a tyre's life cycle viz. raw material procurement, manufacturing, transportation both upstream and downstream as well as during the end-of-life phases have an emission-saving potential. It is important to reduce emissions at every stage of tyre's lifecycle. We, JK Tyre has recently developed a Sustainable Tyre with 11% less GHG emission through sustainable raw material approach. Bio sourced or bio attributed raw materials like Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR), Polybutadiene Rubber (PBR), Rubber process oil (RPO) and Silica along with natural rubber (NR) had been used. Beside the raw
Bhandary, Tirthankar, Singha Roy, Sumit, Paliwal, Mukesh, Dasgupta, Saikat, Chattopadhyay, Dipankar, Das, Mahuya, Mukhopadhyay, Rabindra
Wire, Electrical, Fluoropolymer-Insulated, Crosslinked Modified ETFE, Low Fluoride, Normal Weight, 80 Microinch Silver-Coated, High-Strength Copper Alloy, 200 °C, 600 Volt, ROHSAS22759/49C (Current)10/1/2025
SCOPE IS UNAVAILABLE.
AE-8D Wire and Cable Committee
A UNIVERSAL STEERING GROMMET DESIGN APPROACH TO ENHANCE THE PASSENGER CABIN NVH PERFORMANCE2024-26-02021/16/2024
As a car OEM, we continuously strive to set the bar for competitors with every product. Consumer travel experiences are enhanced by increasing passenger cabin silence. There is only one steering system opening in the firewall panel, which is used for allowing intermediate shaft's fitment on the pinion shaft of the steering gear. The steering grommet is the sole component that covers the firewall cut-out without disrupting steering operations, which has a substantial impact on the NVH performance of the vehicle. It is typically used in cars to eliminate engine noise and dust entering to passenger compartment. The part is assembled inside the vehicle where the steering intermediate shaft passing through BIW firewall panel. We use a bearing, plastic bush, or direct rubber interference design in the steering grommet to accommodate the rotational input the driver provides to turn the automobile. However, occasionally noise may be produced due to uneven bearing or plastic bush loading or a
J, Sadhish, Vijayarangan, Deepak
Snap-fits evaluation for minimizing the Squeak & Rattle in Automotive2025-01-00915/5/2023
The world of plastic products has been growing due to its versatile properties, which have become an intrinsic and fundamental part of the engineering of new products. The most important aspects contributing to this spectacular growth are the design and assembly, making sure that plastic parts are designed optimally. The safety requirements have been increased due to the safety ratings and thus interior parts must provide more absorption and protection to occupants. The main connection types used in the plastic parts are heat stakes and snap fits. The purpose of a good snap fit is not only to have a high retention effort but also to present ergonomic characteristics with low insertion and extraction effort because each part requires a different function. With the time-dependent loading the material will redistribute its internal energy thereby performing a time-related flow leading to reduced pretension thus decreasing stiffness. This paper presents an analytical and numerical method
MICHAEL STEPHAN, NAVIN ESTAC RAJA, C M, MITHUN, Mohammed, Riyazuddin
Medical Packaging: Automation of Thermoforming ProcessesTBMG-464619/1/2022
The medical packaging market has quickly embraced the use of automation for the thermoforming process. Automation has enabled adherence to stringent quality requirements and has addressed the need for high levels of repeatability. Automation has also facilitated higher and more predictable throughput.
Why Cleanroom Assembly of Plastic Medical and Electronic Devices Requires Ultrasonic Welding TechnologyTBMG-464649/1/2022
For years, ultrasonic welding has been used in cleanrooms where plastic components are assembled to complete medical and electronic devices. That is unlikely to change. What is changing, however —rapidly — is the sophistication and complexity of these products and the level of precision and quality required to complete their assembly.
Development of a New Flammability Test Method: Enabling Material-Level Evaluation of Polymeric Materials for Electric Vehicle Battery Enclosures2022-01-08463/29/2022
The drive for reducing the weight and cost of battery systems for electric vehicles has led to continued interest in metal-to-plastic substitution and mixed-material designs for battery enclosures. However, the extreme performance requirements, such as thermal runaway mitigation, pose a challenge for plastic materials to meet. In an effort to design a cost-effective, lightweight next-generation battery enclosure while meeting the latest requirements, the Materials Development Department at the Hyundai-Kia America Technical Center has screened material performance of several plastic types. A new thermal runaway test set-up was developed with support from Underwriters Laboratory (UL), to create a scaled-down test representative of a full battery assembly in real-world conditions. The objective of this development was to provide a comprehensive matrix of test data that can inform material selection and design of next-generation battery enclosures based on performance requirements and
Nummy, Amanda
Compatibility of Seven Biologically Derivable Diesel Blendstocks (1-Octanol, 2-Nonanone, Hexyl Hexanoate, n-Undecane, Di-isobutylene, Biodiesel and Renewable Diesel) with Fuel System Plastics2022-01-05833/29/2022
The compatibility of seven bioderivable diesel blendstocks with 21 plastic materials common to fuel storage, dispensing, and delivery systems was evaluated though volume and hardness measurements. The blendstocks included one alcohol (1-octanol), one acid ester (hexyl hexanoate), one ketone (2-nonanone), dibutoxymethane, and three akanes (n-undecane, biodiesel, and renewable diesel). Each blendstock was blended with diesel in concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 30 wt %. The plastics included resins, nylons, acetals, high density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyetheretherketone, polyphthalamides polyphenylene sulfide, polyethylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyetherimide, polyphthalamides, Polyacrylamide, and polybutylene terephthalate. Specimens of each plastic material were immersed in the test fuels for a period of 16 weeks and measured for volume and hardness. Afterward, they were dried at 60 °C for 65 h and
Kass, Michael, Janke, Chris, Nafziger, Eric
Ultimate Breakage Load Calculation Method of Cold Gas Inflator Burst Disk2022-01-09383/29/2022
For cold gas Inflator, high refinement of ultimate load forecast is one key of Inflator development. At beginning, two methods based on implicit algorithm, Zero Curvature method and RIKS method were used for burst disk hydro-burst test ultimate pressure load calculation. After considering the effect of bursting disk stamping process, comparing with results of real test, the refinement of the two methods were above 97% both. Studying the corresponding relations between displacement and stress matrix of the center point of burst disk by RISK method. It was found that under ultimate load, the third principal stress vs. displacement curve of the central node shown extreme point, and load step of the point was corresponding the one of maximum pressure load. This shown that after reaching the ultimate load, the center of the bursting disc lost stability in the direction of thickness. Based on the status of stress matrix analysis results of RIKS method, and for solving the nonlinear contact
Shan, Jinhui, Wang, Cheng
IMPROVING AESTHETICS AND DURABILITY OF INTERIOR TRIMS WITH PU SOFT COATING2022-01-04023/29/2022
Low density plastic substrate significantly contributes to the vehicle weight reduction. It's a low-cost substrate because of mass production of moulded parts. So being a low-cost substrate and its low density properties, the use of plastic parts in automotive body construction, has been increased. But most of the plastic materials are not stable and durable in its color and gloss. Specific additives may help it to withstand, owning to the fact that whole bulk of plastic need not be loaded with these additives. Most plastic parts consist of thermoplastic polymers, have less resistance to chemicals, and solvents. This problem can be resolved using cross-linked and resistant coatings. With the importance of plastics, in automotive interior applications, study of coatings are required which improves performance, aesthetic effects, durability, and chemical resistance. PU based coating has much importance because of its versatile and unique properties. This paper is about Polyurethane based
Palliwar, Kanchan Raju
CONNECTOR ACCESSORIES, ELECTRICAL, CAP, DUST, PLASTIC, CATEGORY 9AS85049/138C9/22/2021
SCOPE IS UNAVAILABLE.
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
Overview of various scratch test methods for high gloss polymer materials.2021-26-04489/22/2021
Polymers are substituting traditional materials, such as metals, in existing as well as new applications both structural and aesthetic as they are lightweight, customizable and are easy to mould into complex shapes. With such an extensive use of polymers, there is a need to carefully scrutinize their performance to ensure reliability. This is particularly the case in the automotive and electronic industries where the aesthetic appeal of their products is of prime concern and any visible scratch damage is undesirable. Concern for aesthetics has led to a need for the quantification of scratch damage visibility on polymeric surfaces and, hence, on the evaluation of scratch resistance. Many painted plastic parts used in vehicles are being replaced with the molded-in color plastics for cost reduction and due to recent and upcoming environmental concerns. There are multiple as well as different methods used for scratch evaluation of polymers and paints. With the boundaries of plastics and
jha, Ashutosh, Hatwalne, Mrunal, Khan, Shadan, Patil, Asha
Test Method for Determining Cold Cracking of Flexible Plastic MaterialsJ323_202109 (Current)9/15/2021
This SAE Recommended Practice is applicable for determining the cold characteristics of flexible plastic materials, as applicable. It consists of three different methods for determining low-temperature properties of materials depending on type of material and end use. The method used shall be as specified by the contractual parties.
Textile and Flexible Plastics Committee
Plastic Sheet and Strip, PolyimideAMSP46112B (Current)8/3/2021
This specification covers polyimide sheet and strip with or without heat sealable FEP-fluorocarbon coatings.
AMS P Polymeric Materials Committee
Solvent-Based Recycling ProcessTBMG-395878/1/2021
Multilayer plastic materials are ubiquitous in food and medical supply packaging, particularly since the specific properties of layered polymers can keep moisture from fouling sterile syringes, or light and oxygen from making potato chips stale. But despite their utility, those ever-present plastics are impossible to recycle using conventional methods.
Using Wood Byproducts to Produce Sustainable BioplasticsTBMG-396238/1/2021
Efforts to shift from petrochemical plastics to renewable and biodegradable plastics have proven tricky — the production process can require toxic chemicals and is expensive, and the mechanical strength and water stability is often insufficient. Now, researchers have used wood byproducts to produce more durable and sustainable bioplastics.
TUBING, PLASTIC, EXTRA FLEXIBLE, CONVOLUTED, HELICAL, ETHYLENE TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE (ETFE), CLOSE CONVOLUTIONAS81914/5C (Current)4/30/2021
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
TUBING, PLASTIC, FLEXIBLE, CONVOLUTED, HELICAL ETHYLENE TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE (ETFE), STANDARD CONVOLUTIONAS81914/6C (Current)4/14/2021
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
Miniscule Robots of Metal and PlasticTBMG-385152/1/2021
Researchers have been pursuing the development of robots so tiny that they can maneuver through blood vessels and deliver medications to certain points in the body. Now, scientists have succeeded in building such micromachines out of metal and plastic in which these two materials are interlocked as closely as links in a chain. This is possible thanks to a new manufacturing technique they have devised.
Manufacturing Ultra-Thin Camera LensesTBMG-384902/1/2021
In the future, camera lenses could be thousands of times thinner and significantly less resource-intensive to manufacture using new technology for making the artificial materials known as metasurfaces. These materials consist of a multitude of interacting nanoparticles that together can control light. Meta-surfaces can be used for optical components in portable electronics, sensors, cameras, or space satellites. The new technology for making such planar surfaces is based on a plastic that is already used today to create other microstructures.
Products of Tomorrow: December 2020TBMG-3818912/1/2020
This column presents technologies that have applications in commercial areas, possibly creating the products of tomorrow. To learn more about each technology, see the contact information provided for that innovation.
Metal-Ion Breakthrough Leads to New BiomaterialsTBMG-3806211/1/2020
Engineers have developed a new framework that makes elastomer design a modular process, allowing for the mixing and matching of different metals with a single polymer. They incorporated copper into a vascular graft because of its role in inducing angiogenesis — the process by which new blood vessels grow from existing ones.
New Material Family Could Build Realistic ProstheticsTBMG-3784310/1/2020
By tweaking the chemistry of a single polymer, researchers have created a whole family of synthetic materials that range in texture from ultra-soft to extremely rigid. The materials are 3D printable, self-healing, and recyclable, and they naturally adhere to each other in air or under water.
T-Ray Camera Speed Boosted a Hundred Times OverTBMG-376789/1/2020
Scientists from University of Warwick and Chinese University of Hong Kong have refined a new type of camera to make it a hundred times faster than the previous state of the art. The technique utilizes terahertz radiation, or Trays, that sit in-between infrared and Wi-Fi on the electromagnetic spectrum. Trays can ‘see’ through common materials such as plastics and clothing but are non-ionizing — making them ideal for non-invasive screening.
Wireless Aquatic Robot Cleans WaterTBMG-373898/1/2020
Researchers have developed a tiny plastic robot, made of responsive polymers, that moves under the influence of light and magnetism. In the future, this wireless aquatic polyp should be able to attract and capture contaminant particles from the surrounding liquid or pick up and transport cells for analysis in diagnostic devices.
The Benefits of Embedding Marker Bands vs. SwagingTBMG-371266/1/2020
In order to identify the location of a catheter tip under fluoroscopy, the use of marker bands is commonplace in medical applications. These bands are typically platinum iridium metals that are easily detectable on the technology used during the surgeries but can also be made of tantalum or gold for certain applications. The marker bands are put on the catheter, either through swaging or embedding, as a shiny indicator to the surgeon of directly where in the body the tip is located as the operation progresses.
Researchers Bioengineer 3D Implants for TissueTBMG-369225/1/2020
Researchers are literally carving grooves into plastic threads used to build 3D printed tissue-engineering scaffolds with living cells. The grooves are then seeded with cells or other bioactive agents that encourage the growth of new tissue.
Model Predicts Breaking Point of Conducting MaterialTBMG-363974/1/2020
Next-generation flexible electronics, such as bendable displays and medical implants, will rely on semiconductor materials that are mechanically flexible. Accurate predictions of the temperature when embrittlement occurs, known as the glass transition temperature, is crucial to design conducting polymers that remain flexible at room temperature.
Q&A: Solid Silk - A Biocompatible, Sustainable, Degradable Building BlockTBMG-361753/1/2020
David Kaplan, Stern Family Professor of Engineering at Tufts University’s College of Engineering, and his team have developed a unique and practical method for processing silk into solid form for products such as rods and plates for medical implants.
3D Printing Technique Produces “Living” 4D MaterialsTBMG-359582/1/2020
Repairing and reusing plastics and delivering cancer drugs more effectively are two of the many potential applications a new 3D/4D printing technology might have. The technology merges 3D/4D printing and photo-controlled/living polymerization — a chemical process to create polymers. 4D printing is a subset of 3D printing where the printed object can transform its shape in response to certain conditions. The new method uses visible light to create an environmentally friendly “living” plastic or polymer. Polymers can be synthetic, such as plastic, as well as biological; for example, DNA.
3D Printing of Plastics with Electrical CircuitsTBMG-359732/1/2020
Engineers have embedded high-performance electrical circuits inside 3D-printed plastics, which could lead to smaller and versatile drones and better-performing small satellites, biomedical implants, and smart structures.
5 Ws of Microlattice Pads for Improved HelmetsTBMG-359842/1/2020
Football players and other athletes, motorcycle riders, soldiers, and anyone wearing protective helmets made with the new microlattice pads will have greater protection from both single hits and a series of impacts.
Liquid Flow Influenced by a Quantum Effect in WaterTBMG-360282/1/2020
Water is the basis of all life on earth. Its structure is simple — two hydrogen atoms bound to one oxygen atom — yet its behavior is unique among liquids, and scientists still do not fully understand the origins of its distinctive properties.
Automated Production of Advanced MaterialsTBMG-360122/1/2020
Engineers have developed an automated way to produce polymers, making it much easier to create advanced materials aimed at improving human health. The innovation is a critical step in pushing the limits for researchers who want to explore large libraries of polymers, including plastics and fibers.
3D Printed Plastics with High-Performance Electrical CircuitsTBMG-357711/1/2020
Engineers have embedded high-performance electrical circuits inside 3D printed plastics, which could lead to better-performing biomedical implants. They used pulses of high-energy light to fuse tiny silver wires, resulting in circuits that conduct 10 times more electricity than the state of the art. By increasing conductivity tenfold, the engineers can reduce energy use, extend the life of devices. and increase the device’s performance.
Scientists Replace Metal Collimators with Plastic AnalogsTBMG-357741/1/2020
Scientists have developed plastic collimators that can replace their metal analogs used in radiation therapy. The team focused on the exact characteristics of the desired product, its development, and testing. The study will be beneficial for both medicine and everyone who is interested in the effect of radiation on plastic products.
Options for Reducing Friction When Using Silicone ElastomersTBMG-357691/1/2020
Silicone has a long and proven history of use with medical devices and can provide many benefits, from flexibility to cushioning. When working with some medical devices, however, silicones can present challenges due to an inherent surface tack. The surface of cured silicone elastomers is sometimes characterized by a high coefficient of friction (CoF), some degree of tackiness, and a tendency for blocking (sticking to itself by virtue of chemical affinity). These characteristics may need to be addressed in applications that require a molded or extruded silicone component to move or slide with minimal friction. Blocking is particularly evident in slit valves, for example, where the two sides of the silicone part touch each other and “heal,” or close the slit.
Innovations in Orthopedic Elastomers Enhance Durability and AppearanceTBMG-3562512/1/2019
The history of silicone rubber is synonymous with advancements in medical materials. Silicones, a family of biocompatible elastomers, provide an attractive balance of properties. For example, silicones offer thermal stability over a wide temperature range. They also provide electrical insulation and are resistant to ozone, water, ultraviolet (UV) light, and some chemicals. For medical applications, silicone rubber can also meet requirements from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP).
BULKHEAD BRACKET FOR USE WITH MS33667 PLASTIC TIEDOWN STRAPSAS33401B (Historical)10/2/2019
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
Investigation of Silver-Plated Conductor Corrosion (Red Plague)AIR4487B (Current)10/2/2019
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) shall be limited to information about a specific corrosion mechanism of silver-plated conductors that produces cuprous/cupric oxide deposits (Red Plague). It examines some possible causes and some recommendations to minimize the possibility of its occurrence. It also provides a number of reference documents that describe the corrosion in detail, methods to determine conductor damage, methods to produce the corrosion, and other investigative reports of this phenomena and their conclusions.
AE-8D Wire and Cable Committee
Ruggedized BioprinterTBMG-351039/1/2019
nScrypt Inc. Orlando, FL 407-275-4755
Products of Tomorrow: September 2019TBMG-351239/1/2019
Combining Origami and 3D Printing to Make Complex Structures in One StepTBMG-347517/1/2019
There are many different types of 3D printing technologies. The most familiar — inkjet — has been around for some 20 years. But until now, it has been difficult to create 3D-printed structures with the intricate hollow features associated with complex origami because removing the supporting materials necessary to print these structures is challenging. Further, unlike paper, the 3D-printed materials could not be folded numerous times without breaking. Making such structures has involved multiple steps, more than one material, and assembly from smaller parts.
Blocked Force Determination on Thin Plate Structures Including Applications2019-01-15256/5/2019
Transfer path analysis is commonly used to determine input forces indirectly utilizing measured responses and transfer functions. Though it is recommended that the source should be detached from the vibrating structure when measuring transfer functions, engineers and technicians frequently have a difficult time in doing so in practice. Recently, a substitute for inverse force determination via transfer path analysis has been suggested. The indirectly determined forces are termed blocked forces and are usable so long as the source and machine are not detached from one another. Blocked forces have the added advantage of being valid even if the machine structure is modified. In this research, a typical automotive engine cover is considered as a receiver structure and is bolted to a plastic source plate excited by an electromagnetic shaker. Blocked forces are determined at different locations, and the correctness of the calculated blocked forces is assessed by comparing the predicted and
Chen, Keyu, Herrin, David
Plastic Bearings Redefine the WheelchairTBMG-345806/1/2019
For wheelchair users, the feeling of uneven ground can seem all too familiar. Determined to make ride discomfort a thing of the past, Israel-based SoftWheel has completely reinvented the wheel for a float-like experience.
Ingestible, Expanding Pill Monitors the Stomach for Up to a MonthTBMG-346246/1/2019
An ingestible pill was developed that, upon reaching the stomach, quickly swells to the size of a soft, squishy ping-pong ball big enough to stay in the stomach for an extended period of time. The inflatable pill is embedded with a sensor that continuously tracks the stomach's temperature for up to 30 days. If the pill needs to be removed from the stomach, a patient can drink a solution of calcium that triggers the pill to quickly shrink to its original size and pass safely out of the body.
Metamaterial Mirror Reflects Sound Waves in Any DirectionTBMG-343865/1/2019
Researchers have constructed a “metamirror” device capable of perfectly reflecting sound waves in any direction. The proof-of-principle demonstration is analogous to looking directly into a mirror and only seeing the person next to you instead of your own face. With a regular mirror, the light follows the Law of Reflection — it must bounce off of it at the same angle at which it entered. The same rules generally apply to sound. To break the law of reflection with sound waves, the researchers engineered a device that could precisely control amplitude (loudness) and speed throughout the entire wave.
Method Shrinks Objects to the NanoscaleTBMG-344085/1/2019
Existing techniques for creating nano-structures are limited in what they can accomplish. Etching patterns onto a surface with light can produce 2D nano-structures but doesn’t work for 3D structures. It is possible to make 3D nano-structures by gradually adding layers on top of each other, but this process is slow and challenging. And while methods exist that can directly 3D-print nanoscale objects, they are restricted to specialized materials like polymers and plastics that lack the functional properties necessary for many applications. Also, they can only generate self-supporting structures; for example, the technique can yield a solid pyramid, but not a linked chain or a hollow sphere.
Test Procedure for Determining the Resistance of Safety-Glazing Materials, of which One Surface is Plastic, to Simulated WeatheringJ2081_201904 (Historical)4/11/2019
This SAE Recommended Practice determines whether plastic and glass-plastic safety glazing materials will successfully withstand exposure to simulated weathering conditions.
Glazing Materials Standards Committee
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