Browse Topic: Navigation and guidance systems

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GPS-BASED MOBILITY POWER ANALYSIS OF MILITARY VEHICLES2024-01-331111/15/2024
ABSTRACT Determining the required power for the tractive elements of off-road vehicles has always been a critical aspect of the design process for military vehicles. In recent years, military vehicles have been equipped with hybrid, diesel-electric drives to improve stealth capabilities. The electric motors that power the wheel or tracks require an accurate estimation of the power and duty cycle for a vehicle during certain operating conditions. To meet this demand, a GPS-based mobility power model was developed to predict the duty cycle and energy requirements of off-road vehicles. The dynamic vehicle parameters needed to estimate the forces developed during locomotion are determined from the GPS data, and these forces include the following: the gravitational, acceleration, motion resistance, aerodynamic drag, and drawbar forces. Initial application of the mobility power concept began when three U.S. military’s Stryker vehicles were equipped with GPS receivers while conducting a
Ayers, Paul, Bozdech, George
OMNI-DIRECTIONAL AUTONOMOUS GUIDED VEHICLE (AGV) WITH WIRELESS NAVIGATION2024-01-343611/15/2024
ABSTRACT Automatic guided vehicles (AGV) have made big inroads in the automation of assembly plants and warehouse operations. There are thousands of AGV units in operation at OEM supplier and service facilities worldwide in virtually every major manufacturing and distribution sector. Although today’s AGV systems can be reconfigured and adapted to meet changes in operation and need, their adaptability is often limited because of inadequacies in current systems. This paper describes a wireless navigated (WN) omni-directional (OD) autonomous guided vehicle (AGV) that incorporates three technical innovations that address the shortfalls. The AGV features consist of: 1) A newly developed integrated wireless navigation technology to allow rapid rerouting of navigation pathways; 2) Omnidirectional wheels to move independently in different directions; 3) Modular space frame construction to conveniently resize and reshape the AGV platform. It includes an overview of the AGVs technical features
Cheok, Ka C, Radovnikovich, Micho, Fleck, Paul, Hallenbeck, Kevin, Grzebyk, Steve, Vanneste, Jerry, Ludwig, Wolfgang, Garner, Robert
SAE.orgSAE-WSC-0027909/21/2022
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Demo TitleSAE-WSC-0027709/21/2022
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Deere advances in-field autonomy22TOFHP08_0108/01/2022
While stereo cameras and computer vision guide Deere's “limited release” 8R autonomous tractor, Bear Flag's lidar tech will augment future machines. Q&A with Deere's Joe Liefer John Deere got “really serious” about autonomy in 2019, according to Joe Liefer, senior product manager of autonomy at John Deere Intelligent Solutions Group. Three years later - after forming an in-house development team and acquiring some tech-startup expertise - the machinery maker revealed a fully autonomous tractor at CES 2022 that it claims is ready for large-scale production. Based on Deere's 8R tractor, the machine combines a TruSet-enabled chisel plow, GPS guidance system, advanced AI and six pairs of stereo cameras that enable 360-degree obstacle detection and distance calculation. The autonomous 8R tractor also continuously checks its position relative to a geofence and is accurate to within less than 1 inch (25 mm), Deere claims. Farmers monitor and control it from a smartphone app.
Positioning to centimeter-level improves agriculture22TOFHP08_0208/01/2022
Precision-navigation approaches that emphasize backward compatibility help farms reap more value from autonomous operations. Precision navigation, which is essential to autonomous machines, is knowing a moving vehicle's absolute and relative position in 3D space accurately, reliably and repeatably. The cost for precision navigation with position information down to the centimeter level has become a far less significant barrier to broad deployment. This price drop has come with enhanced, not diluted, performance. One reason for the cost decrease has to do with the sheer volume of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers on the market. GNSS encompasses the satellite-based GPS used in North America as well as other global positioning systems such as GPS, Galileo, Glonass, BeiDou, NAVIC (former IRNSS) and QZSS.
Fennelly, James
Vision-Based Collision free technique for Autonomous Navigation of MAV in GPS-denied Environments2022-26-125005/26/2022
The drone-based aerial platform offers various applications such as security and emergency response, delivery, defense, inspection, mapping, film, and entertainment. For safe driving, an automated vehicular navigation system (AVNS) must have a precise location. Although the vehicle location can be retrieved in GPS-friendly surroundings, the positioning accuracy of AVNS is easily reduced in GPS-denied environments (such as suburbs, tunnels, forests, and indoor scenarios). Researchers have already developed various methods to handle UAV navigation in GPS-less environments, such as Visual Odometry (VO) and Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). This paper proposes a new Qualcomm Snapdragon referenced visual-inertial odometry (VIO) algorithm for indoor GPS-denied Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) navigation. The custom-built MAV is comprised of a hardware platform equipped with a VOXL flight companion computer, PX4 flight controller, pre-calibrated stereo and tracking sensors, a high
Duba, Prasanth Kumar
Autonomous UAV solution for ecological mapping and surveillance.2022-26-124505/26/2022
The proposed UAV can be used to triangulate the areas of unnatural deforestation, by processing the area undergoing land cover transition, hence, restraining illegal logging as well as illegal deforestation which will, in turn, feed the ecological succession cycle. It triangulates the green cover which can be used in identifying fruiting trees, vegetation cycles, even in predicting the population of the animal species feeding on the subjective green cover and hence, the biodiversity. The system will be influential for curbing the landscapes with heterogeneous habitats and diverse topographical features. The model employs an onboard automated controller- ARDUPILOT MissionPlanner, a flight controller with inbuilt compass, GPS, and telemetry module which collects data from the controller such as, Altitude, GPS location, Pitch, Roll, etc. and transmits it to the Ground Control Station (GCS) when flying. The mission planner is programmed by selecting the Target Survey Area which is divided
Devi, Monisha, Neigapula, Keerthana, Anand, Sumit, Tiwari, Anawil, Kumar, Siddharth
Geotagged Visual Localization System for Urban Automated Vehicles2022-01-010103/29/2022
Vehicle localization is one of the fundamental building blocks of Automated Driving Systems. Erroneous localization information may affect the ability of the vehicle to perceive the environment and plan a safe path to the desired destination. Although, high-end satellite navigation systems can provide centimeter-level accuracy, they are limited to applications where there is sufficient satellite signal visibility. One example where signals from navigational satellites might deteriorate is urban canyons which are characterized by high rise, high density residential and commercial buildings. To overcome the limitations of satellite navigation systems, most state-of-the-art localization solutions fuse information from multiple sensors such as GNSS, LiDAR, camera, accelerometer, and encoder with the purpose of creating a full 3D map of the operating environment. Although this approach provides accurate and reliable results, it is bounded in terms of data efficiency and scalability. With
AHRABIAN, ALIREZA, SOUFLAS, IOANNIS, SONGUR, NOYAN, NIELSEN, ERIK, Broughton, Caroline, Holmes, Chris
Positional Accuracy of Portable GPS Devices during Different Ride Stages2022-01-099203/29/2022
GPS devices can produce a wealth of data about cyclists’, scooterists’, and other riders’ road paths and route usage. However, prior research has demonstrated that GPS positional accuracy is less reliable for more nuanced roadway positioning, such as which lane a vehicle occupies, as well as within-lane movements, such as acceleration and deceleration⁠. This limitation presents a substantial challenge for crash reconstructionists that may have access to GPS data and require second-by-second positional accuracy to determine such nuanced maneuvers and vehicle positioning in their analysis. The purpose of this study was to examine the positional accuracy of several GPS units during three different ride stages: acceleration, deceleration, and constant speed. The same devices were also tested for stationary accuracy, power cut-off, and simulated impact scenarios. To obtain precise data from GPS units, tests were performed with an electric scooter ridden in rural landscapes with clear skies
Desai, Elvis, Suway, Jeff, Engleman, Krystina, Vega, Henry
Vehicle Collision Automatic Call System to safe the Fatal in Mid Way in Passenger Car 2022-01-006703/29/2022
In Midway, accidents are general in nature on the highways. Vehicles met with an accident are not saved in a faster way for the rescue. This system operates the signal from the airbag sensor, during the opening of the airbag at the time of the vehicle collision. An Electronic Control Unit (ECU) has been deployed to provide the information about the passenger mobile phone contacts and the nearest health cum rescue team with respect to the Global Positioning System installed in the vehicle. The signal from the airbag is indicating the dearer contacts and the health centres for the rapid recovery of the vehicle met with an accident. This ECU also monitors the health condition of the passengers for a safe ride. A transient study has been conducted with dummies in the four-passenger capacity car for the validation of this system performance. The damage caused to the passengers with respect to the impact, health issues such as pressure in the various points of the dummies and the vehicle has
B, Prabakaran, Chinni, Venkata Sai Sandeep, Chitta, Phani Kumar
Automatic Alert System to enable safe ride and to prevent accidents in Two Wheelers and Three Wheelers2021-28-023310/01/2021
In Midway, accidents are general in nature on the highways. Vehicles meeting the accidents are not saved in a faster way for the rescue. This system operates the signal from the seat belt sensor, during the operation of the vehicle. An Electronic Control Unit (ECU) has been deployed to provide the information about the passenger mobile phone contacts and the nearest safety officer with respect to the Global Positioning System installed in the vehicle. The signal from the seat belt fastening system for the driver and the front seat passenger is indicating the dearer contacts and the health of the centers for the rapid recovery of the vehicle met with an accident. This ECU also monitors the health condition of the passengers for the safety ride with respect to the pressure and the temperature of the cabin to make the passenger a safe ride. 20 sensors are deployed in the seat belt and the signals from these sensors are fed into an electronic control unit for further processing. The
B, Prabakaran, Chinni, Venkata Sai Sandeep, Chitta, Phani Kumar
GUIDANCE FOR DISTRIBUTED RADIO ARCHITECTURESARINC678 (Current)07/15/2021
The purpose of this document is to evaluate Communication, Navigation, and Surveillance (CNS) Distributed Radio architectures and the feasibility of distributing the RF and systems processing sections to ensure the following: Reduce cost of equipment Reduce Size, Weight, and Power (SWaP) Ease of aircraft integration Growth capability built into the design Maintain or improve system availability, reliability, and maintainability It provides a framework to determine whether it is feasible to develop ARINC Standards that support CNS distributed radio architectures.
Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee
Aircraft Fluorescent Lighting Ballast/Fixture Safety StandardAS4914E (Current)06/10/2021
The purpose of this standard is to recommend minimum performance requirements to assist the specification writer in establishing a failsafe airplane interior Fluorescent light assembly design. This standard relates to the design of lamp ballasts, lampholders, fixtures, and installation of the same.
A-20C Interior Lighting
Aircraft Fluorescent Lighting Ballast/Fixture Safety StandardAS4914E-TEST-REC (Historical)06/10/2021
The purpose of this standard is to recommend minimum performance requirements to assist the specification writer in establishing a failsafe airplane interior Fluorescent light assembly design. This standard relates to the design of lamp ballasts, lampholders, fixtures, and installation of the same.
A-20C Interior Lighting
New Tools & Technologies21AVEP05_1005/01/2021
OmniVision Technologies (Santa Clara, Calif.) has unveiled the first group of OmniVision automotive image sensor families compatible with the modular NVIDIA (Santa Clara, Calif.) DRIVE AGX AI computing platform for self-driving vehicles. OmniVision created drivers and camera modules using its OX08B40 image sensor for front-view automotive applications, including ADAS and Level 3+ autonomous systems. Likewise, drivers and camera modules are now available for its OX03F10 and OX03C10 viewing camera image sensors, allowing the development of surround view systems (SVSs), rearview cameras (RVCs) and e-mirror camera monitoring systems with NVIDIA DRIVE. In addition, OmniVision's OV2311 and a new 5MP sensor are the exclusive driver monitoring system (DMS) image sensors for the NVIDIA DRIVE Hyperion turnkey evaluation architecture. Regardless of the application, OmniVision offers platform software drivers for its image sensors, as well as complete camera modules that customers can easily
Stepping Into SAE Level 321AVEP05_0905/01/2021
Honda and Toyota release new advanced driver-assistance systems that help to demarcate - or blur - the differences between SAE Level 2 and Level 3 capability. Honda and Toyota each recently announced the release of new, more-sophisticated driver-assistance systems for a special range of vehicles available in Japan starting in March 2021. Honda attracted global attention in November 2020, when it announced the Honda Legend fitted with Honda Sensing Elite would be the first vehicle ever awarded “type designation” from Japan's Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) for a driver-assistance system of SAE Level 3 capability. The Legend is joined by Toyota's 2022 Mirai and Lexus LS500h equipped with Advanced Drive, a system that, according to the company, embodies its “Mobility Teammate Concept.” This is an automated driving concept unique to Toyota that “seeks to enhance communication between drivers and cars, enable them to reach out to each other for mutual assist
Visnic, Bill
Correlation between Sensor Performance, Autonomy Performance and Fuel-Efficiency in Semi-Truck Platoons2021-01-006404/06/2021
Semi-trucks, specifically class-8 trucks, have recently become a platform of interest for autonomy systems. Platooning involves multiple trucks following each other in close proximity, with only the lead truck being manually driven and the rest being controlled autonomously. This approach to semi-truck autonomy is easily integrated on existing platforms, reduces delivery times, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions via fuel economy benefits. Level 1 SAE fuel studies were performed on class-8 trucks operating with the Auburn Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) system, and fuel savings up to 10-12% were seen. Enabling platooning autonomy required the use of radar, global positioning systems (GPS), and wireless vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. Poor measurements and state estimates can lead to incorrect or missing positioning data, which can lead to unnecessary dynamics and finally wasted fuel. This is especially an issue if deceleration is applied in response to a bad
Adam, Cristian, Lakshmanan, Sridhar, Richardson, Paul, Stegner, Evan, Ward, Jacob, Hoffman, Mark, Bevly, David M.
Accuracy and Validation of Geotab GPS Fleet Tracking Devices2021-01-090804/06/2021
Fleet management companies have implemented tracking devices in their vehicles that employ Global Positioning Systems (GPS) in near real time for optimizing fuel consumption, smart routes, and for monitoring driving behavior. For this purpose, Geotab Inc. has developed the OBD-II connected Geotab GO device. These devices are capable of recording vehicle position and speed data using GPS. The present study seeks to validate and compare Geotab recorded data to data collected from a VBOX 3i RTK DGPS; this instrumentation will provide a reliable reference for vehicle position and speed. Additional data logging characteristics such as LTE connectivity, Geotab’s proprietary curve logging algorithm, near-real-time vehicle data, and speed interpolation were analyzed. This study considered two Geotab models, the GO8 and GO9. Both devices were connected in parallel using two sets of two-way splitters connected to the test vehicle’s OBD-II port. The GO8, GO9, and VBOX 3i RTK, logged data
Morales, Roberto C., Gamboa, Jason, Nguyen, Benjamin, Siddiqui, Omair, Bonsall, Jeffrey
Analysis of Vehicle GPS and Derived Speed Data from BMW NBT Evo Systems Acquired with Berla iVe2021-01-090604/06/2021
Many late-model BMW vehicles are equipped with an NBT Evo infotainment system. This system is seen in BMW vehicles in all global markets. Like infotainment systems from other manufacturers, this system records data elements that can prove to be key evidence to investigators of vehicular incidents. This system records timestamped tracklogs that consist of GPS coordinates paired with date/time data. These tracklog points, however, are not recorded in regular intervals. Testing of an instrumented BMW 430i was conducted in and around the Bruntingthorpe Proving Grounds in the United Kingdom. The test vehicle was instrumented with a Racelogic Video VBOX Pro. Data from the instrumentation was compared to the data acquired from the BMW by the iVe Ecosystem from Berla Corporation. The accuracy of the GPS coordinates recorded in the BMW tracklogs was determined by computing the distance between the recorded BMW data and the reference instrumentation data. The derived speeds computed in iVe from
Vandiver, Wesley, Anderson, Robert
Studies on Simulation and Real Time Implementation of LQG Controller for Autonomous Navigation2021-01-010804/06/2021
The advancement in embedded systems and positional accuracy with base station GPS modules created opportunity to develop high performance autonomous ground vehicles. However, the development of vehicle model and making accurate state estimations play vital role in reducing the cross track error. The present research focus on developing Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) with Kalman estimator for autonomous ground vehicle to track various routes, that are made with the series of waypoints. The model developed in the LQG controller is a kinematic bicycle model, which mimics 1/5th scale truck. Further, the cubic spline fit has been used to connect the waypoints and generate the continuous desired/target path. The testing and implementation has been done at APS labs, MTU on the mentioned vehicle to study the performance of controller. Python has been used for simulations, controller coding and interfacing the sensors with controller. From the results, it has been confirmed that, the vehicle
Dudekula, Ahammad Basha, Naber, Jeffrey
Analysis of Vehicle GPS and Derived Speed Data from Ford SYNC Generation 3, Version 2 Systems Acquired with Berla iVe2021-01-090304/06/2021
Data acquired from vehicle infotainment systems has continued its growth as key evidence in vehicle-related investigations. The accident reconstruction community continues to actively pursue digital data from vehicles to be used alongside traditional forms of physical and electronic evidence. Some of the vehicle infotainment systems that have provided valuable evidence for several years are now being updated by their manufacturers. One such system is the Ford SYNC Generation 3 (SG3) system. In 2019, Ford began installing an updated version of this system that included changes to the SYNC module. The new system, referred to as SYNC Generation 3, version 2 (SG3v2) is outwardly identical to the original SG3 system until the module is physically removed from the vehicle. Ford has released the new module globally and it has been observed in North America, Australia, the United Kingdom, and several European countries. Testing of instrumented Ford vehicles manufactured with the SG3v2 system
Vandiver, Wesley, Anderson, Robert
The Sensing Systems That Make ADAS WorkTBMG-3863603/01/2021
To find out the latest information about sensors for automated driving systems, I interviewed Alberto Marinoni, Director of Product Marketing, TDK/Invensense (San Jose, CA).
Counter-Drone TechnologyTBMG-3852502/01/2021
Citadel Defense San Diego, CA 213-819-3380
Army and Universities Deploy New Warfighter Communication TechnologyTBMG-3854102/01/2021
Researchers from the U.S. Army and the University of Maryland, College Park, have developed a controller for deploying robots that forms antenna arrays to maintain longer-range wireless communication. Antennas are distributed between mobile robots, allowing the controller to autonomously guide robots to create and maintain a reliable wireless communication network in challenging battlefield environments.
Counter-UAS TechnologyTBMG-3852902/01/2021
SRC Inc. Syracuse, NY 315-452-8362
Sensing Magnetic FieldsTBMG-3851102/01/2021
Innovators at NASA Armstrong developed an optical waveguide fiber Bragg grating (FBG) that is sensitive to an external magnetic field. The technology allows direct coupling of the external field to the electromagnetic (EM) wave propagating in the fiber, bypassing the need to first measure strain.
Products of Tomorrow: January 2021TBMG-3834401/01/2021
This column presents technologies that have applications in commercial areas, possibly creating the products of tomorrow. To learn more about each technology, see the contact information provided for that innovation.
Cameras Capture Asteroid Debris RetrievalTBMG-3835401/01/2021
Space Dynamics Laboratory Utah State University Logan, UT
Vehicle-Mounted Integrated Positioning System with Vondrak Low Pass Filter and Multi-Dynamic Constraints in Urban Shaded Environment2020-01-521412/30/2020
The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) alone cannot provide high-precision and continuous positioning information for vehicles. The integration of GNSS with Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) has now been very intensively developed and widely applied in high precision positioning of vehicle and provide continuous position, velocity and attitude. However, the overall performance of low-cost GNSS/MEMS IMU frequently degrades in urban shaded environments. Traditional constraints GNSS/MIMU algorithm based on zero-velocity detection can effectively increase the accuracy of the navigation system, but easily influenced by external factors to false detection. This article aims to introduce a multi-dynamic constraints model as accurate update source for EKF to improve the accuracy of navigation solutions of a vehicle during satellites signal blockages. Firstly, we present a tightly coupled strategy to integrate GPS/BDS and INS by applying extended Kalman filter with 27-states. Then, a
Ning, Yipeng, Wang, Shida, Yang, Tao, Wang, Jinliang, He, Meiling
Collision Detector Mimics Locust SwarmsTBMG-3813612/01/2020
Plagues of locusts, containing millions of insects, fly across the sky to attack crops but the individual insects do not collide with each other within these massive swarms. A team of engineers is creating a low-power collision detector that mimics the locust avoidance response to help robots, drones, and even self-driving cars avoid collisions.
Drone Parachute Rescue SystemTBMG-3824812/01/2020
Drone Rescue Systems GmbH Graz, Austria +43 660 140 80 55
Air Force Technology Tracks “Sporadic E”TBMG-3823812/01/2020
Researchers at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) in New Mexico have discovered a new way to track and characterize a phenomenon called “Sporadic E” that naturally occurs in the upper atmosphere where large structures of dense plasma form. These plasma structures, which occur at midlatitude locations around the world, disrupt radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic waves (or simply “radio waves”) and impact both DoD and civilian radio systems in positive and negative ways, depending on the application.
Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San DiegoTBMG-3821112/01/2020
Engineering at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) in La Jolla started in 1964 and 1965 with two broad applied science departments: one in the areas of aerospace engineering, solid mechanics, bioengineering and materials and the other in the areas of electronics, information theory, and radio astronomy. In 1997, the School of Engineering was renamed the Jacobs School of Engineering to honor Qualcomm founder and former UCSD engineering professor Irwin Jacobs and his wife.
Ambient Light Alters Refraction in 2D MaterialTBMG-3801411/01/2020
Microscopic crystals in tantalum disulfide have a starring role in what could become a hit for 3D displays, virtual reality and even self-driving vehicles. A two-dimensional array of the material has unique optical characteristics that can be controlled in ambient conditions and under general illumination.
Further Development of Particulate Sensors for Mobile Use with the Aid of a Circuit Board2020-01-163810/05/2020
In the last decade, pollution by particulate matter and its effect on human health has increasingly becoming the focus of public attention. In order to monitor and evaluate particulate pollution, expensive measuring stations were placed at traffic hotspots and other selected locations. The measuring devices often precisely record the particle concentration, but have disadvantages in mobility and for measurements in large-area due to their size and investment costs. A measurement with high temporal and spatial resolution is not possible with these stations. This paper presents a new type of mobile particulate sensor based on the Plantower PMS 7003 particle sensor. In addition to the Plantower sensor, a rechargeable battery and newly developed control electronics are also installed in the particulate sensor. Due to the small size and the low manufacturing costs of the measuring system, mobile usage in higher quantity is possible. In addition, the system can record the geographical
Sandgaard, Malte, Lehne-Wandrey, Guido, Otto, Johannes, Ostermeyer, Georg-Peter
Four RF Technology Trends You Need to Know for Satellite Communication Device DesignTBMG-3788610/01/2020
Over the past four decades, the sheer amount and complexity of information transmitted through satellite communication (satcom) has substantially increased. At the same time, more mission-critical applications — such as aeronautical, maritime, and military navigation — have become increasingly reliant on these communications. As a result, the RF circuit building blocks that make up satcom technology have been through many changes to accommodate the latest advancements in the industry including miniaturization, increased reliability, and the ability to rapidly transmit even more complex data.
Tracking Lab-Grown Tissue with LightTBMG-3747308/01/2020
Someday, doctors would like to grow limbs and other body tissue for soldiers who have lost arms in battle, children who need a new heart or liver, and many other people with critical needs. Today, medical professionals can graft cells from a patient, deposit them onto a tissue scaffold, and insert the scaffold into the body to encourage the growth of bone, cartilage, and other specialized tissue. But researchers are still working toward building complex organs that can be implanted into patients.
Pseudo-Random Coding Technique for 3D ImagingTBMG-3746508/01/2020
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has developed a high-resolution 3D imaging LiDAR system using a resolution-enhanced pseudo-random code technique that improves the ranging resolution by an order of magnitude with the same transmitted optical power. This new approach uses a spread spectrum time-resolved method, which has been widely used in the field of radar and telecommunications and the technique is also known as random-modulation continuous-wave (RM-CW).
Approach to Landing Guidance System for Transport AircraftARP4102/12B (Current)06/11/2020
This document specifies requirements for an Approach to Landing Guidance System (ALGS) electronic device. This equipment shall display relative aircraft position and situation information for flight along precision three-dimensional paths within the appropriate coverage area. The precision three-dimensional path may be an ILS straight-in look-alike path or a complex, curved path. The requirements are applicable to electronic devices capable of receiving signals or other information from one or more sources, including but not limited to ILS, GNSS, or IRU inputs.
S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft
Mars 2020 – Perseverance to the Red PlanetTBMG-3704306/01/2020
NASA’s Mars Exploration Program has enabled robotic exploration of the Red Planet for the past 20 years. Each Mars mission is part of a continuing chain of innovation, each relying on past missions for proven technologies while contributing its own innovations to future missions. This chain allows NASA to push the boundaries of what is currently possible while still relying on proven technologies.
Navigation Measurement SoftwareTBMG-3699906/01/2020
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has developed FlashPose, a relative navigation measurement software and VHDL for spaceflight missions requiring vehicle-relative and terrain-relative navigation and control. FlashPose processes real-time or recorded range and intensity images from 3D imaging sensors, such as LiDARs, and compares them to known models of the target surfaces to output the position and orientation of the known target relative to the sensor coordinate frame. All algorithmic processing takes place in the software application, while custom FPGA firmware interfaces directly with the Ball Vision Navigation System (VNS) LiDAR and provides imagery to the algorithm.
Small, Precise, Affordable Gyroscope Navigates Without GPSTBMG-3700806/01/2020
Researchers have developed a small, highly accurate gyroscope that is 10,000 times more accurate but only 10 times more expensive than gyroscopes used in typical cellphones. Most smartphones contain gyroscopes to detect the orientation of the screen and help figure out which way the user is facing but their accuracy is poor. They are the reason why cellphones often incorrectly indicate which direction a user is facing during navigation. In another example, a driverless car could get lost quickly with a loss of Global Positioning System (GPS) signal. And better backup navigation equipment could help soldiers find their way in areas where GPS signals have been jammed or speed up warehouse robots.
Mars 2020 – The Science of Mars 2020TBMG-3704206/01/2020
NASA’s Mars Exploration Program has a long-term, systematic exploration plan for the Red Planet. Mars missions build on each other, with discoveries and innovations made by prior missions guiding what comes next. Mars missions are guided by evolving, discovery-driven science strategies that provide continuity in Mars science exploration themes.
Mars 2020 – Looking for LifeTBMG-3702806/01/2020
The Mars 2020 mission addresses high-priority science goals for Mars exploration including learning more about the potential for life on Mars. Tech Briefs spoke with NASA’s Ken Williford, Mars 2020 Deputy Project Scientist, to learn more about the science capabilities of Perseverance.
Covariance and Uncertainty Realism in Space Surveillance and TrackingTBMG-3709906/01/2020
The characterization of uncertainty in the estimate of the state of a resident space object is fundamental to many space surveillance tasks including data association, uncorrelated track (UCT) resolution, catalog maintenance, sensor tasking and scheduling, as well as space situational awareness (SSA) missions such as conjunction assessments and maneuver detection. Generally, uncertainties are classified as either aleatoric, epistemic, or a mixture of both. Aleatoric uncertainty is the natural randomness or physical variability present in the system or its environment and is thus statistical in nature. In contrast, epistemic uncertainty is uncertainty that is due to limited data or knowledge.
Seeables and Hearables for Fitness FeedbackTBMG-3701006/01/2020
Imagine being able to effortlessly track your fitness routine without having to look away or even think about it. Bosch Sensortec GmbH (Reutlingen/ Kusterdingen, Germany) has developed a “Light Drive” system to display data from fitness and navigation sensors onto a lens of a pair of smart eyeglasses that have transparency comparable to normal eyeglasses and that are comfortable enough to be worn all day. The data image is projected directly onto the wearer’s retina so that it is always in focus and readable despite changing ambient light conditions. You can get feedback while jogging, stair-climbing, exercising, or bike-riding.
Characterizing Richness of Previously Unmapped Terrain and its Impact on Navigation Using 3D Range SensorsTBMG-3684205/01/2020
Landers to large planetary bodies such as Mars typically use a secondary reconnaissance spacecraft to generate high-fidelity 3D terrain maps that are subsequently used for landing site selection and creating onboard maps for terrain-relative navigation systems. This luxury does not exist with small primitive bodies such as comets and asteroids. For these bodies, the landing spacecraft has to perform the 3D mapping and, with possible help from ground control, choose a feasible landing site. To enable this operation, the spacecraft would need to carry a 3D ranging sensor system such as a LiDAR. With the spacecraft placed in extended mapping orbits, 3D range measurement data is then used to create a shape model of the object. Terrain-based navigation schemes that employ cameras could then be used to image, detect, match, and track features against the map database to provide a 6-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) navigation solution during descent. Camera-based systems, however, are not robust to
Wi-Fi-assisted Inertial Odometry (WIO) Measures Speed and Distance of Indoor MovementTBMG-3684305/01/2020
Many devices, such as smartphones, incorporate inertial measurement units (IMUs) to calculate how far a device has moved; however, IMUs suffer from large drift errors, meaning that even minor inaccuracies can quickly become exaggerated. In outdoor environments, many devices use GPS to correct their IMUs but this does not work in indoor areas where GPS signals are unreliable or nonexistent.
Systems Engineering Approach to Develop Guidance, Navigation and Control Algorithms for Unmanned Ground VehicleTBMG-3682305/01/2020
Despite the growing popularity of unmanned systems being deployed in the military domain, limited research efforts have been dedicated to the progress of ground system developments. Dedicated efforts for unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) focused largely on operations in continental environments, places where vegetation is relatively sparse compared to a tropical jungle or plantation estate commonly found in Asia. This research explores methods for the development of a UGV that would be capable of operating autonomously in a densely cluttered environment such as that found in Asia.
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