Browse Topic: Automation

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SAE TOMORROW TODAY - Building an End-to-End Autonomous Driving System135572/27/2026
Join us as we sit down with Richard Chelminski, Senior Vice President, Head of SDV Platform, at 42dot, an autonomous driving software and mobility platform development startup from Hyundai Motor Group. We discuss how the company is pushing boundaries with its end-to-end autonomous driving system, Atria AI, which is focused on Level 4 autonomy and designed for seamless integration into consumer vehicles -- no LIDAR required! You'll also learn why camera-first and radar technologies are reshaping the industry, how software is now at the heart of vehicle development, and what the future holds for Transportation as a Service (TaaS). If you're curious about the next wave of smart, software-defined vehicles and autonomous driving innovation, this episode is a must-listen. We'd love to hear from you. Share your comments, questions and ideas for future topics and guests to podcast@sae.org. Don't forget to take a moment to follow SAE Tomorrow Today--a podcast where we discuss emerging
Patterson, Lori
Emerging Trends in Emission Optimization2026-26-02291/16/2026
The exhaust emission control is a vital aspect of automotive development, aimed at ensuring effective control of pollutants such as NOx, CO, and HC. The traditional method of calibrating emission control strategies, that requires extensive vehicle testing with both the fresh and aged catalysts under a variety of operating conditions, is a time-consuming process. The frequent changes in emission legislation creates new challenges for achieving a faster time to market and effective utilization of resources. So, the use of automation and machine learning (ML) in the domain of emission control is the need of the hour to proactively tackle these challenges. This paper attempts to explore emerging trends in emission optimization, such as the automated measurement process and ML/AI based data analysis, that can improve the overall process efficiency in the calibration of emission control strategies. The automated measurement process is achieved using the automation software. The data
Dhayanidhi, Hukumdeen, Balasubramanian, Karthick, A, Akash
From UN R79 to UN R171: NATM Multi-Pillar Framework in DCAS Regulation2026-26-01371/16/2026
The introduction of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) represents a paradigm shift in transportation, promising enhanced safety, efficiency, and accessibility. However, the deployment of these technologies requires a robust regulatory framework to ensure their safe integration into existing transportation systems. This paper examines the role of UN Regulation 171 on Driver Control Assistance Systems (DCAS) in shaping the future of CAVs. As the automotive industry progresses towards higher levels of automation, from the current SAE Level 2 vehicles to the aspired Level 5 fully autonomous cars, the importance of clear regulatory guidelines becomes mandatory. This regulation provides a standardized approach to DCAS, ensuring consistency across different manufacturers and countries, but also to Approval Authorities and Technical Services. UN R171 aims to cover the gap between current ADAS systems already covered by UN Regulations, and CAV systems, under development within the
Flix, Oriol, Lujan Tutusaus, Carlos, Hidalgo, Justin
Transforming Manufacturing: Increasing Throughput and Reducing production Complexity with Digital Twins2026-26-04491/16/2026
In traditional manufacturing, increasing production line capacity often involves physical trials, leading to downtime, high costs, and operational risks. This paper presents a bidirectional digital twin developed for the Fischertechnik Smart Factory Kit, enabling real-time simulation and validation of production line modifications before actual deployment. The digital twin integrates with a Siemens PLC to mirror real-world operations, capturing live production data and visualizing key parameters like cycle time and machine utilization in a 3D environment. Engineers can test various optimization scenarios adjusting conveyor speeds, optimizing robot paths, and modifying buffer sizes to enhance efficiency. The best-performing configurations are identified based on throughput, cycle time, and resource utilization, and validated changes are automatically deployed to the PLC, ensuring seamless implementation. Beyond capacity optimization, this solution improves overall production efficiency
Kumar, Rahul, Singh, Randhir
Vehicle-to-Vehicle negotiation via Manoeuvre Coordination Messages for Cooperative Cut-In scenarios2026-26-02741/16/2026
The automotive industry is rapidly extending the capabilities of automated systems by incorporating connectivity and cooperation features that enable real-time information exchange between vehicles and road infrastructure. Within the Connected, Cooperative, and Automated Mobility (CCAM) framework, Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication is expected to play a key role in improving road safety, traffic efficiency, and driving comfort. This work addresses a practical implementation of the standardized Manoeuvre Coordination Messages (MCMs), as defined in the ongoing ETSI standard (ETSI TS 103 561). The proposed approach is demonstrated through a cooperative cut-in use case in which two vehicles negotiate a lane change manoeuvre. In the considered scenario, the ego vehicle, driven by a Highway Pilot (HWP) system, receives the intention to cut-in from a neighbouring cooperative vehicle through an MCM. In response, the ego vehicle adapts its behaviour by decelerating to generate a safe
Leiva Ricart, Gisela, Domingo Mateu, Bernat
Towards AI-Driven Automated Driving Systems: Homologation perspective2026-26-01331/16/2026
This paper examines the challenges and opportunities in homologating AI-driven Automated Driving Systems (ADS). As AI introduces dynamic learning and adaptability to vehicles, traditional static homologation frameworks are becoming inadequate. The study analyzes existing methodologies, such as the New Assessment/Test Methodology (NATM), and how various institutions address AI incorporation into ADS certification. Key challenges identified include managing continuous learning, addressing the "black-box" nature of AI models, and ensuring robust data management. The paper proposes a harmonized roadmap for AI in ADS homologation, integrating safety standards like ISO/TR 4804 and ISO 21448 with AI-specific considerations. It emphasizes the need for explainability, robustness, transparency, and enhanced data management in certification processes. The study concludes that a unified, global approach to AI homologation is crucial, balancing innovation with safety while addressing ethical
Lujan Tutusaus, Carlos, Hidalgo, Justin
Mileage Accumulation Target Identification For AEBS Validation for Medium & Heavy Trucks Considering Real-World Accidents In India2026-26-00361/16/2026
Robust validation of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) considering real-world conditions is a vital for ensuring safety. Mileage accumulation is a one of the validation method for ensuring ADAS system robustness. By subjecting systems to diverse real-world driving environments and edge-case scenarios, engineers can evaluate performance, reliability, and safety under realistic conditions. In accordance with ISO 21448 (SOTIF), known hazardous scenarios are explicitly tested during robustness validation in combination of virtual and physical testing at component, sub system and vehicle level, while unknown hazards may emerge through extended mileage by running vehicles on roads, allowing them to be identified and classified. However, defining a mileage target that ensures comprehensive safety remains a significant engineering challenge. This paper proposes a data-driven approach to define mileage accumulation targets for validating Autonomous Emergency Braking Systems (AEBS
Koralla, Sivaprasad, Ravjani, Amin, Tatikonda, Vijay, GADEKAR, GANESH
Type approval for ADS: Considerations for the ODD2026-26-02451/16/2026
The rapid introduction of new Automated Driving Systems (ADS) in the last years has led to an urge for robust methodologies for the type approval of vehicles equipped with such technologies. As a result, different Regulations addressing this field have been adopted. These Regulations are mainly based in the New Assessment and Testing Methodology (NATM) developed within the World Forum for the Harmonisation of Vehicle Regulations (WP29). However, the complexity of the regulatory ecosystem extends beyond type approval. This complexity requires a thorough analysis in order to avoid any possible gap which may jeopardise the feasibility of Automated Driving Vehicles deployment. This paper analyses the possible mismatches among the different regulations currently in place or under development and proposes a holistic approach, where the concept of the Operational Design Domain (ODD) takes a relevant role.
Lujan Tutusaus, Carlos, Hidalgo, Justin, Flix, Oriol
Digital Control of Synchronous Rectification and Dead Time Configuration for Improving Efficiency and Longevity of DC Motors2026-26-00891/16/2026
Abstract: - This paper elucidates the implementation of software-controlled synchronous rectification and dead time configuration for bi-directional controlled DC motors. These motors are extensively utilized in applications such as robotics and automotive systems to prolong their operational lifespan. Synchronous rectification mitigates large current spikes in the H-bridge, reducing conduction losses and improving efficiency [1]. Dead time configuration prevents shoot-through conditions, enhancing motor efficiency and longevity. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in motor performance, including reduced thermal stress, decreased power consumption, and increased reliability [2]. The reduction in power consumption helps to minimize thermal stress, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency and longevity of the motor.
Patil, Vinod, Kulkarni, Malhar, Soni, Asheesh Kumar
Integration and Proving Ground Evaluation of a Connected Highway Pilot System2026-26-01361/16/2026
Highway Pilot (HWP) systems, classified as SAE Level 3 Automated Driving Systems (ADS), represent a potential advancement for safer and more efficient highway drives. In this work, the development of a connected HWP prototype is presented. The HWP system is deployed in a real test vehicle and designed to operate autonomously in highway environments. The implementation presented in this paper covers the complete setup of the vehicle platform, including sensor selection and placement, hardware integration and communication interfaces for both autonomous functionality and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) connectivity. The software architecture follows a modular design, composed of modules for perception, decision-making and motion control to operate in real-time. The prototype integrates Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication, such as Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAM), to enhance situational awareness and improve the overall system behaviour. The modular structure allows new functionalities
Domingo Mateu, Bernat, Leiva Ricart, Gisela, Facerias Pelegri, Marc, Perez, Marc
Realistic LiDAR Data Simulation for Autonomous Systems using Physics-Informed Learning2026-26-01381/16/2026
Accurate and realistic simulation of LiDAR data is critical for the development and validation of autonomous driving systems. However, existing simulation approaches often suffer from a significant sim-to-real gap due to oversimplified modelling of physical interactions and environmental factors. In this work, we present a physics-informed deep learning framework that bridges this gap by enhancing the realism of simulated LiDAR data using generative adversarial networks guided by domain-specific physical constraints for LiDAR intensity. Our method incorporates key physical factors such as range, surface material properties, angle of incidence, and environmental conditions along with their underlying physical relationships as constraints into the Cycle-Consistent GAN architecture, enabling it to learn realistic transformations from synthetic to real-world LiDAR intensity data without requiring paired samples. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach across multiple datasets
Anand, Vivek, Yadav, Sourav, Limba, Mohit, Pandey, Gaurav, Lohani, Bharat
Vision Driven Testing Framework for Human-Machine Interfaces: An Automated Approach Using Computer Vision / Machine Learning2026-26-05711/16/2026
Modern automotive infotainment systems and digital instrument clusters require rigorous testing to ensure reliability and compliance with industry standards. Traditional testing methods are labor-intensive and lack scalability. This research proposes a phased, vision-based approach using image processing, machine learning (ML), and computer vision (CV) to enhance testing automation and accuracy. Phase 1 employs open-loop testing using an NVIDIA Jetson Nano with camera modules to capture visual data from infotainment and instrument cluster displays. This phase focuses on the static analysis of visual elements, screen transitions, animations, and error messages. Feature extraction and pattern recognition techniques identify interface behaviors and detect anomalies without a feedback loop. This research will focus in depth on Phase 1, providing a detailed evaluation of its implementation and effectiveness. Phase 2 extends the testing environment with a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) system
Lad, Rakesh Pramod, Mehrotra, Soumya, Mishra, Arvind
testing revision status on details pageCUR1513-jms36/3/2025
cur1580
Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicle Charging Consortium, Automated Vehicle Safety Consortium, International Alliance for Mobility Testing Standardization
Automating Tilt-Wing Aircraft: A Comprehensive FrameworkF-0081-2025-01055/20/2025
Dufour Aerospace designs and manufactures an automated tilt-wing aircraft for critical cargo delivery missions. Emphasizing operational efficiency, the platform integrates path generation and tracking techniques tailored for the unique dynamics of tilt-wing flight and builds upon the existing lower level control. While there exist a myriad of methods for high-level aircraft automation ranging from PID to MPC, they often require a trade-off between complexity and the capability to handle non-linear dynamics of the system they are controlling. Hence, a lightweight, deterministic geometric path generation approach using clothoid-based transitions between three waypoints and a robust SO(3)- based path tracking controller adapted for tilt-wing dynamics are presented. Additionally, a high-level automation framework is introduced that includes failure mode handling for GNSS loss and communication breakdowns. This system ensures mission continuity and operational safety while supporting
Cook, Jacob
Mastering Physical Contact with New Algorithm for RobotsTBMG-5218112/1/2024
Penn Engineers have developed a new algorithm that allows robots to react to complex physical contact in real time, making it possible for autonomous robots to succeed at previously impossible tasks, like controlling the motion of a sliding object.
4D Printing of Shape Memory PolymersTBMG-5219112/1/2024
Researchers have successfully demonstrated the four-dimensional (4D) printing of shape memory polymers in submicron dimensions that are comparable to the wavelength of visible light. 4D printing enables 3D-printed structures to change their configurations over time and is used in a variety of fields such as soft robotics, flexible electronics, and medical devices.
Cable Carriers Promote Efficiency in an Autonomous Hospitality RobotTBMG-5218712/1/2024
Since the COVID-19 pandemic that advanced contactless service, robots are increasingly being seen conducting routine deliveries around hospitals and hotels. Developed by Robotise Technologies, JEEVES is one such autonomous service robot used in hotels, healthcare facilities, offices, airports, and other settings. Its main duty is to transport materials and products.
Precision Robotics Offers Hope for Heart Disease TreatmentTBMG-5216512/1/2024
The Hospital for Sick Children/University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
Enabling Robots to Interpret Surroundings Quickly and AccuratelyTBMG-5218212/1/2024
Imagine having to straighten up a messy kitchen, starting with a counter littered with sauce packets. If your goal is to wipe the counter clean, you might sweep up the packets as a group. If, however, you wanted to first pick out the mustard packets before throwing the rest away, you would sort more discriminately, by sauce type. MIT engineers have developed a method that enables robots to make similarly intuitive, task-relevant decisions.
Cat’s Eye-Inspired Vision System for Autonomous RoboticsTBMG-5218012/1/2024
Researchers led by Professor Young Min Song from the Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) have unveiled a vision system inspired by feline eyes to enhance object detection in various lighting conditions. Featuring a unique shape and reflective surface, the system reduces glare in bright environments and boosts sensitivity in low-light scenarios. By filtering unnecessary details, this technology significantly improves the performance of single-lens cameras, representing a notable advancement in robotic vision capabilities.
Revolutionizing Seafood Production with Adaptive RobotsTBMG-5217812/1/2024
Robotic automation technology is reshaping food manufacturing, packaging, and handling by driving significant improvements in efficiency, quality, and flexibility. By integrating advanced artificial intelligence, computer vision, and proprietary force-sensing technology, Flexiv has introduced cutting-edge automation to the food processing sector.
High-Fidelity Digital Twin Autoclave for Quality Informed Composite FabricationF-0080-2024-11395/7/2024
The Autoclave processing is commonly used in manufacturing high-performance fibre-reinforced thermoset composite components in the aerospace industry. Variations in the cure cycle, sometimes even apparently minor deviations from the prescribed cure cycle, can harm the laminate properties. Given the costly and time-consuming autoclave manufacturing process, there is a strong need to cure the maximum number of parts in the shortest possible time without compromising quality. In order to achieve high-rate automated manufacturing with the optimized autoclave process, it is important to construct a digital twin modelling approach to mirror the physical composite curing process in the virtual domain based on the integration of high-fidelity multi-physics models. The resulting digital twin includes a thermal CFD model, a thermo-chemo-mechanical module, and an efficient and accurate block coupling between these two modules. The customized Abaqus driven by local and spatial variation of the
Lua, Jim, Phan, Nam, Guay, Ian, Yan, Jinhui, Karuppiah, Anand, Shrestha, Kalyan
Vehicle Experience and Human Interaction: Vol. 1EPRCOMPV1720235/3/2024
Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) and their productization are a major focus of the automotive and mobility industries as a whole. However, despite significant investments in this technology, CAVs are still at risk of collisions, particularly in unforeseen circumstances or “edge cases.” It is also critical to ensure that redundant environmental data are available to provide additional information for the autonomous driving software stack in case of emergencies. Additionally, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technologies can be included in discussions on safer autonomous driving design. Recently, there has been a slight increase in interest in the use of responder-to-vehicle (R2V) technology for emergency vehicles, such as ambulances, fire trucks, and police cars. R2V technology allows for the exchange of information between different types of responder vehicles, including CAVs. It can be used in collision avoidance or emergency situations involving CAV responder vehicles. The
Abdul Hamid, Umar Zakir, Roth, Christian, Nickerson, Jeffrey, Lyytinen, Kalle, King, John Leslie
Transportation Ecosystem and Autonomy: Vol. 2EPRCOMPV2020235/3/2024
On-road vehicles equipped with driving automation features are entering the mainstream public space. This category of vehicles is now extending to include those where a human might not be needed for operation on board. Several pilot programs are underway, and the first permits for commercial usage of vehicles without an onboard operator are being issued. However, questions like “How safe is safe enough?” and “What to do if the system fails?” persist. This is where remote operation comes in, which is an additional layer to the automated driving system where a human assists the so-called “driverless” vehicle in certain situations. Such remote-operation solutions introduce additional challenges and potential risks as the entire chain of “automated vehicle, communication network, and human operator” now needs to work together safely, effectively, and practically. And as much as there are technical questions regarding network latency, bandwidth, cybersecurity, etc., aspects like human
Beiker, Sven, Muelaner, Jody E., Razdan, Rahul
A unified Framework for Industry 4.0 based Automotive Homologation in India2024-26-03601/16/2024
The term Industry 4.0 is well known in contemporary automotive landscape. It encompasses a smart integrated framework of IoT (Internet of Things) and industrial automation with machine learning, artificial intelligence and big data analytics to arrive at optimal solutions to running the processes in a streamlined, efficient and effective manner. Industry 4.0 has assumed critical significance in the contemporary era of people working from remote locations to operate processes in order to build products, thus ensuring business continuity. Consequently, it follows that if industry 4.0 is applied to automotive homologation activity, it will lead to better evaluation, better fidelity of testing and accurate judgement of the product under test with regards to its certification. The author hereby elucidates a unified Industry 4.0 Framework for Automotive homologation in India which is the need of the hour. This framework consists of five elements. The first is use of IoT to ensure optimal use
S Thipse, Yogesh
Development & Testing of a Camera-based Driver Monitoring System2024-26-00281/16/2024
Distracted or drowsy driving is one of the major causes of road accidents. Often, long and monotonous road journeys lead to distracted or drowsy driving. Therefore, there is a need for a system which alerts a distracted or drowsy driver. Moreover, as the levels of autonomy move beyond SAE Level 2, the system assumes a larger share of the dynamic driving task. Under challenging circumstances, the system might ask the driver to take back vehicle control. To ensure safety, it is therefore important to monitor the driver’s state to gauge their ability to take back the vehicle’s control. A driver-monitoring system (DMS), also referred to as driver state sensing (DSS) system, is an advanced safety feature to track driver drowsiness or distraction, and to issue a warning or alert to get the driver’s attention back to the task of driving. This paper presents a novel camera-based driver drowsiness system developed using a standard webcam and an embedded hardware. The system leverages deep
Bhagat, Ajinkya, Kale, Jyoti Ganesh, Pachhapurkar, Ninad, Karle, Manish, Karle, Ujjwala
Automated and Connected SeriesSAE-EPR-000011/9/2024
Vehicle automation is a complex engineering challenge ranging from how the vehicle works to how it relates to its user and others on the road. Even though humans do make mistakes when driving, it is incorrect to think that their actions tend to be worse than they actually are. On-vehicle automation system is primarily designed to replace the human driving to enhance performance and avoid possible fatalities. However, current implementations in automated vehicles (AVs) generally neglect that human imperfection and preference do not always lead to negative consequences. Disregarding this prevents achieving optimized vehicle performance and maximized road safety. To enhance user-friendliness, as well as in-vehicle task efficiency for AVs, it is important to consider how to improve human driving feature modeling and analysis, provide personalized motion control, and develop true human-like decision-making for AVs. These are aspects that will enhance trust in AVs as they become partners to
Soft Robotic System for Brain SurgeryTBMG-497771/1/2024
Researchers have laid the groundwork for a soft robotic tool and control system that could grant surgeons an unprecedented degree of maneuverability within the brain. A recent study demonstrates that the new system is both intuitive and highly accurate. The early results suggest that, with further development, the robot could one day speed up and improve the efficacy of minimally invasive surgeries for life-threatening brain aneurysms and other serious conditions.
Implications of Off-road Automation for On-road Automated Driving SystemsEPR202302912/12/2023
Automated vehicles, in the form we see today, started off-road. Ideas, technologies, and engineers came from agriculture, aerospace, and other off-road domains. While there are cases when only on-road experience will provide the necessary learning to advance automated driving systems, there is much relevant activity in off-road domains that receives less attention. Implications of Off-road Automation for On-road Automated Driving Systems argues that one way to accelerate on-road ADS development is to look at similar experiences off-road. There are plenty of people who see this connection, but there is no formalized system for exchanging knowledge. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Automated Fiber Placement Double in-Situ Manufacturing Technology of Thermoplastic Composites ComponentsF-0079-2023-181045/16/2023
Glodzik, Marcin, Krauze, Wojciech, Wojtuszewski, Radoslaw, Banas, Aleksander, Farbaniec, Konard, Sienicki, Jaroslaw, Galaczynski, Tomasz
Design of a Secure Automated Driving Systems Test Data Interface2023-01-08284/11/2023
Vehicles equipped with Level 4 and 5 autonomy will need to be tested according to regulatory standards (or future revisions thereof) that vehicles with lower levels of autonomy are currently subject to. Today, dynamic Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) tests are performed with human drivers and driving robots controlling the test vehicle’s steering wheel, throttle pedal, and brake pedal. However, many Level 4 and 5 vehicles will lack these traditional driver controls, so it will be impossible to control these vehicles using human drivers or traditional driving robots. Therefore, there is a need for an electronic interface that will allow engineers to send dynamic steering, speed, and brake commands to a vehicle. This paper describes the design and implementation of a market-ready Automated Driving Systems (ADS) Test Data Interface (TDI), a secure electronic control interface which aims to solve the challenges outlined above. The interface consists of a communication port
Zagorski, Scott, Nguyen, An, Heydinger, Gary, Abbey, Howard
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: One Step Closer To L4 AV Trucking133843/9/2023
The most polite driver on the road might soon be an L4 AV truck. Torc Robotics is the first company developing the technology to commercialize fully autonomous semi-trucks in the U.S. for long-haul applications. By running extensive simulations with the best and most experienced truck drivers in the world, Torc's self-driving vehicle software and integration solution is expected to achieve L4 automation by the end of this decade. As an independent subsidiary of Daimler Truck, the Torc system uses an approach called See-Think-Act to calculate the optimal driving decision. By employing veteran truck drivers to reinforce their technology with real world know-how, Torc is truly making the road a safer place. We sat down with Tim Zuercher, VP Engineering - Autonomy at Torc, to discuss the company's mission to reduce highway deaths, enable critical supplies, and help the transportation industry increase fuel economy, uptime, and capacity.
Hineman, Marcie
On-Line Pose Measurement and Adjustment of End Effector Based on Laser Tracker for Robotic Drilling System2023-01-09823/7/2023
Tang, Yue, Zheng, Jinhui, Zhang, Mao
Design, Fabrication, and Analysis of Vertical Press Cut Machine2022-28-048311/18/2022
This study involves the design, fabrication, and analysis of a vertical press-cut machine (henceforth machine*) to cut wooden plates of 1mm thickness to directly produce an output of the required shape and dimension in one press. The aim is to manufacture a machine that could be portable, cost less (also includes operating costs and labor costs) and be able to produce outputs of any dimensions and shapes. This machine operates on the principle of slider crank mechanism which utilizes a slider, a connecting rod, and a crank. The necessary punch force required in this study to shear a wooden plate of 1mm thickness completely, is 3198 N. This necessary downforce is achieved by fabricating a die of mass 2kg with Mild Steel material and attaching 4 stainless steel blades (total mass = 0.68 kg) with 2mm allowance to the die using eight 12mm bolts. This die is bolted (8mm diameter) to a mild steel plate (150*60*6: l*b*t) which acts as the connecting rod in this setup, which is then bolted
S, Ravindran, Renganathan, Srikanth, D, Venkatragavan, S, Sundar, R, Steephan Raj, Sadhasivam, Navin
3D Printing Materials with Tunable Mechanical PropertiesTBMG-4691211/1/2022
Making Low-Cost Automation AccessibleTBMG-466469/22/2022
For years, manufacturing experts reported steady growth in the use of automation. Now, however, growth has exploded at a record pace, and industries all around the globe are embracing robotic solutions.
Virginia Tech College of EngineeringTBMG-465119/1/2022
Founded in 1872, Virginia Tech is a public land-grant research university with its main campus in Blacksburg, VA. From artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, and manufacturing to health sciences, robotics, and more, the Virginia Tech College of Engineering offers an advanced engineering curriculum.
Teaching Drones How to Navigate Real-World WeatherTBMG-464959/1/2022
Right now, drones are either flown under controlled conditions, with no wind, or are operated by humans using remote controls. However, for drones to autonomously perform necessary but quotidian tasks, such as delivering packages or airlifting injured drivers from a traffic accident, drones must be able to adapt to wind conditions in real time.
Medical Packaging: Automation of Thermoforming ProcessesTBMG-464619/1/2022
The medical packaging market has quickly embraced the use of automation for the thermoforming process. Automation has enabled adherence to stringent quality requirements and has addressed the need for high levels of repeatability. Automation has also facilitated higher and more predictable throughput.
An Artificial Intelligence System to Identify Objects in Cluttered ScenesTBMG-459566/1/2022
Robotic vision has come a long way, reaching a level of sophistication with applications in complex and demanding tasks, such as autonomous driving and object manipulation. However, it still struggles to identify individual objects in cluttered scenes where some objects are partially or completely hidden behind others. Typically, when dealing with such scenes, robotic vision systems are trained to identify the occluded object based only on its visible parts. But such training requires large datasets of objects and can be tedious.
Automation of Aviation Weather Charts using Machine Learning Techniques2022-26-12315/26/2022
In traditional avionics procedures, manual analysis of aviation weather charts is often time consuming and increases the pilot's workload significantly. This manual analysis plays a key role in identifying the weather phenomena, which an airborne weather radar cannot detect such as Clear Air turbulence (CAT). The paper proposes introduction of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to decode the pictorial representation of Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMETS), and significant weather charts during take-off procedures and textual representation of METER and TAF during in-flight later on. During take-off procedures, ML algorithms are provided with the flight path for the aircraft under consideration, which is about to fly, SIGMET, 14 different routes of aircraft which are about to fly and significant weather charts. CAT on a significant weather chart, turbulence is highlighted by the area surrounded by dashed lines. Area of possible CAT due to close proximity of isotachs can be
Gangadhar, Balraj, Ramasamy, Subramanian
Automated Inference of Vortex Core Physics of Hovering Rotor Wakes Using Machine Learning TechniquesF-0078-2022-174705/10/2022
ABSTRACT
Abras, Jennifer, Hariharan,  Nathan
Ensuring No Child Left Inside22AVEP04_054/1/2022
Up-armed with new key technologies, Gentex is making ‘holistic’ driver and cabin monitoring a core-brand hallmark. A step-change in sensing precision is underway for vehicle interior applications, with increased capabilities spurred by new technology, customer interest in occupant safety and entertainment, and global regulations. Gentex is among those setting the pace in this fast-moving and hyper-competitive field, as it integrates its long experience in mirror-based opto-electronic systems and sensor fusion with the 2021 acquisition of Tel Aviv-based Guardian Optical Technologies and the 2020 purchase of Vaporsens. The Holland, Mich.-based Tier 1 uses the term “holistic driver and cabin monitoring” to describe the interconnection of the two main development thrusts. There is discrete driver monitoring, vital for SAE Levels 2 and 3 of driving automation, with a subset of features aimed at driver distraction, drowsiness, weariness, sudden sickness, etc. And there's the ‘holistic
Brooke, Lindsay
The Effect of Pre-crash Seat Rotation with and without Feet Support in Highly Automated Vehicle Rear-end Crash2022-01-10463/29/2022
Automotive industry aims at reaching higher levels of driving automation as described in SAE J3016TM. From the perspective of occupant safety, an automated driving system (ADS) shall provide safer conditions for highly automated vehicle (HAV) users compared to standard vehicles since the human error is excluded. In following decades, however, one can expect the mixed fleet of both standard and automated vehicles on roads. Therefore, collision between manually driven cars and HAVs are to be expected. For instance, a research’s result in 2019 showed that 60% of autonomous vehicles crashes was rear-ended. At the same time, future HAVs are mostly considered with non-standard seating configurations. That is, HAVs’ occupants access more room in the vehicle which allows them to rotate their seats to have comfortable positions. This brings a challenging topics for the safety of HAVs’ occupants considering various impact directions. This work aims to address this issue using tools of numerical
Talimian, Abbas, Vychytil, Jan
5G Network Connectivity Automated Test and Verification for Autonomous Vehicles Using UAVs2022-01-01683/29/2022
The significance and the number of vehicle safety features enabled via connectivity continue to increase. OnStar, with its automatic airbag notification, was one of the first vehicle safety features that demonstrate the enhanced safety benefits of connectivity. Vehicle connectivity benefits have grown to include remote software updates, data analytics to aid with preventative maintenance and even to theft prevention and recovery. All of these services require available and reliable connectivity. However, except for the airbag notification, none have strict latency requirements. For example, software updates can generally be postponed till reliable connectivity is available. Data required for prognostics use cases can be stored and transmitted at a later time. A new set of use cases are emerging that do demand continuous, reliable and low latency connectivity. For example, remote control of autonomous vehicles may be required in unique situations. Further, additional autonomous vehicle
Evans, Matthew, Talty, Tim, Dietrich, Carl, Gomez, Xavier
Driver Behaviors towards Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) Modeling: A Comprehensive Review2022-01-03503/29/2022
Driving safety is currently based on how the driver acts and behaves in environmental perception, decision-making, and controlling the vehicle. Modeling such behaviors of drivers started back in 1950s and through the years these driver behavior models have been used as an input to self-coaching, accident prevention studies, and developing driver assisting systems that can foster safety of lives on the roads. But in recent years, human-like driving has revolutionized the autonomous vehicle (AV) research and traffic management studies. In heterogeneous roads where human drivers and autonomous vehicles operates, understanding the intent and action of human driver’s action is essential for AVs in conjunction with vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communications. In traffic simulations, the human driver models can also be the input to the AVs as a reference and the perception, decision-making and control of AVs can also be designed human-like. Among other driving tasks on roads, Car following (CF
Negash, Natnael M., Yang, James
Modern Product Development Platform for Living Products in Perpetual Systems2022-01-02613/29/2022
In 1930, John Maynard Keynes predicted, that due to software and automation, 15-hour work weeks would be a reality by the end of the century. While that envisioned “utopia” has not been realized, Mr. Keynes did have the radical vision to imagine a pretty radical low code highly automated future - one to which the future of software in mobility arguably depends on. So, what went wrong? Well, its not about as much about what went wrong but about how adoption is taking place and how it needs to change. In any software development, no matter where in history, as soon as software testing became a hot topic, automation tools started springing up and then "selective parts" that were iterative and time-consuming in the software were automated away. This begs several questions. The first and obvious, why automate these parts - and the second - whether software developers are making themselves obsolete by building automation tools. If more and more machines can write code for themselves, what do
Minarcin, Monika, Rush, David
Path Planning and Path Optimization for Industrial Robots using Moveit! and ROS Melodic2022-01-04163/29/2022
This research paper is entitled "Path planning and path optimization for industrial robots using Moveit! and ROS Melodic". The main objective of the research is to analyse the performance of pick and place operations of the Techman robot TM5-700, to understand ROS melodic basics, use Moveit for initializing motion planning and implementing various algorithms for path optimization. The paper also aims to analyse the safe and efficient collaboration of the robot with human workers and compliable technology. Traditionally, movement of robots is needed to be observed on a timely basis to avoid any mishaps. The challenge, therefore, is to not only create a system that does not create mishappenings, but also create a system that is independent of human interference. The robot is thus designed to communicate to the ROS Master via services and will respond to the commands given to it through a Python program which initiates a node, communicates with the robot system and guiding its motion. The
Palchaudhary, Sanket, Narvekar, Nishant, Siddiqui, Osama
Virtual Verification of Decision Making and Motion Planning Functionalities for Automated Vehicles in Urban Edge Case Scenarios2022-01-10183/29/2022
Traffic congestion, road accidents, environmental pollution and driving stress are usually associated with road transportation in dense urban environments. The widespread deployment of automated vehicles has the potential to eliminate these issues; autonomous vehicles would allow for the optimization of traffic flow, the reduction of road accidents and environmental pollution, and the elimination of driving stress. Despite recent advancements in Automated Driving Systems (ADS), the deployment of such systems in dense urban environments still faces a challenging problem: in comparison to motorway or rural driving, urban environments contain a significantly greater number of traffic participants. This makes it difficult to verify the Safety Of The Intended Functionality (SOTIF) across the entire Operational Design Domain (ODD). One approach to solve this problem is to virtually evaluate and verify the safety of the ADS using simulation tools. Whereas traditionally simulated validation
Souflas, Ioannis, Lazzeretti, Ludovico, Ahrabian, Alireza, Niccolini, Lorenzo, Curtis-Walcott, Shona
Investigating approaches for qualifying virtual testing platforms for automated vehicle certification2022-01-09823/29/2022
The safety validation and verification of Automated Driving Systems (ADS) represent a difficult challenge for regulators. Evaluating the performance of an ADS under diverse and complex conditions becomes prohibitive for conventional physical testing. Automotive safety experts are therefore proposing to complement the traditional physical testing with virtual testing to evaluate the performance of ADS in a comprehensive and cost-effective way for a wide range of traffic scenarios. Virtual testing is particularly suited to test ADS under safety critical scenarios that would be difficult and/or unsafe to reproduce on test tracks or public roads. While virtual testing has obvious advantages over the traditional track and real world testing approach, there is a need to ensure that the virtual ADS test results are accurate, representative and can provide confidence in the safety of the ADS, an area which has been less explored. The verification of virtual testing is also required to assess
Anctil, Benoit, Khastgir, Siddartha, Zhang, Jason, Burns, Peter, Jennings, Paul
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