Browse Topic: Robotics

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Analysis of Left-Turn Mixed Traffic Flow Dynamics at Y-Shaped Signalized Intersections Using Cellular Automata2025-01-720402/21/2025
Through the method of on-site video observation, this study divides the intersection area into three parts according to the road traffic characteristics of the Y-shaped signalized intersections, and at the same time obtains the relevant parameters. These parameters include the left-turn speed and traffic density of motor vehicles within both the internal and exit areas, the frequency of lane-changing and queuing behaviors of non-motorized vehicles in the internal area, and the left-turn speed and traffic density of non-motorized vehicles in both the internal and exit areas. The data extraction and analysis of the parameters provide strong data support for further analysis of the subsequent mixed traffic flow. A cellular automaton model is developed using the intersection’s exit area as the scenario. The exit area is divided into three lanes based on the queuing patterns of mixed traffic. Corresponding traffic rules are established according to the traffic density of motorized and non
Yuan, Li, Liu, Xiaowei
Mastering Physical Contact with New Algorithm for RobotsTBMG-5218112/01/2024
Penn Engineers have developed a new algorithm that allows robots to react to complex physical contact in real time, making it possible for autonomous robots to succeed at previously impossible tasks, like controlling the motion of a sliding object.
4D Printing of Shape Memory PolymersTBMG-5219112/01/2024
Researchers have successfully demonstrated the four-dimensional (4D) printing of shape memory polymers in submicron dimensions that are comparable to the wavelength of visible light. 4D printing enables 3D-printed structures to change their configurations over time and is used in a variety of fields such as soft robotics, flexible electronics, and medical devices.
Cable Carriers Promote Efficiency in an Autonomous Hospitality RobotTBMG-5218712/01/2024
Since the COVID-19 pandemic that advanced contactless service, robots are increasingly being seen conducting routine deliveries around hospitals and hotels. Developed by Robotise Technologies, JEEVES is one such autonomous service robot used in hotels, healthcare facilities, offices, airports, and other settings. Its main duty is to transport materials and products.
Precision Robotics Offers Hope for Heart Disease TreatmentTBMG-5216512/01/2024
The Hospital for Sick Children/University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
Biohybrid Robotic Hand Research PlatformTBMG-5215912/01/2024
Brain-machine interfaces enable direct communication between a brain’s electrical activity and an external device such as a computer or a robotic limb that allows people to control machines using their thoughts. Researchers have developed a novel biohybrid neuroprosthetic research platform comprised of a dexterous artificial hand electrically interfaced with biological neural networks.
Cat’s Eye-Inspired Vision System for Autonomous RoboticsTBMG-5218012/01/2024
Researchers led by Professor Young Min Song from the Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) have unveiled a vision system inspired by feline eyes to enhance object detection in various lighting conditions. Featuring a unique shape and reflective surface, the system reduces glare in bright environments and boosts sensitivity in low-light scenarios. By filtering unnecessary details, this technology significantly improves the performance of single-lens cameras, representing a notable advancement in robotic vision capabilities.
Enabling Robots to Interpret Surroundings Quickly and AccuratelyTBMG-5218212/01/2024
Imagine having to straighten up a messy kitchen, starting with a counter littered with sauce packets. If your goal is to wipe the counter clean, you might sweep up the packets as a group. If, however, you wanted to first pick out the mustard packets before throwing the rest away, you would sort more discriminately, by sauce type. MIT engineers have developed a method that enables robots to make similarly intuitive, task-relevant decisions.
OMNI-DIRECTIONAL AUTONOMOUS GUIDED VEHICLE (AGV) WITH WIRELESS NAVIGATION2024-01-343611/15/2024
ABSTRACT Automatic guided vehicles (AGV) have made big inroads in the automation of assembly plants and warehouse operations. There are thousands of AGV units in operation at OEM supplier and service facilities worldwide in virtually every major manufacturing and distribution sector. Although today’s AGV systems can be reconfigured and adapted to meet changes in operation and need, their adaptability is often limited because of inadequacies in current systems. This paper describes a wireless navigated (WN) omni-directional (OD) autonomous guided vehicle (AGV) that incorporates three technical innovations that address the shortfalls. The AGV features consist of: 1) A newly developed integrated wireless navigation technology to allow rapid rerouting of navigation pathways; 2) Omnidirectional wheels to move independently in different directions; 3) Modular space frame construction to conveniently resize and reshape the AGV platform. It includes an overview of the AGVs technical features
Cheok, Ka C, Radovnikovich, Micho, Fleck, Paul, Hallenbeck, Kevin, Grzebyk, Steve, Vanneste, Jerry, Ludwig, Wolfgang, Garner, Robert
NEAR AUTONOMOUS UNMANNED SYSTEM (NAUS) ARMY TECHNOLOGY OBJECTIVE (ATO) PROGRAM RESULTS2024-01-308411/15/2024
ABSTRACT The NAUS ATO (2004-2009) was a follow-on program to the Robotic Follower ATO (2000- 2004) and built on the concept of semi-autonomous leader follower technology to achieve dynamic robotic movement in tactical formations. The NAUS ATO also developed and tested an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) Self-Security system capable of detecting, tracking, and predicting the intent of human beings in the vicinity of the vehicle. The ATO concluded its Engineering and Evaluation Testing (EET) with a capstone demonstration in October 2008. This paper will detail the technology developed and utilized under the program as well as report on the EET results to the robotic community.
Frederick, Philip, Kania, Robert, Bantz, Wade, Hagner, Don, Arfa, Joe, Lacaze, Alberto
Soft Robotic System for Brain SurgeryTBMG-4977701/01/2024
Researchers have laid the groundwork for a soft robotic tool and control system that could grant surgeons an unprecedented degree of maneuverability within the brain. A recent study demonstrates that the new system is both intuitive and highly accurate. The early results suggest that, with further development, the robot could one day speed up and improve the efficacy of minimally invasive surgeries for life-threatening brain aneurysms and other serious conditions.
Design of a Secure Automated Driving Systems Test Data Interface2023-01-082804/11/2023
Vehicles equipped with Level 4 and 5 autonomy will need to be tested according to regulatory standards (or future revisions thereof) that vehicles with lower levels of autonomy are currently subject to. Today, dynamic Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) tests are performed with human drivers and driving robots controlling the test vehicle’s steering wheel, throttle pedal, and brake pedal. However, many Level 4 and 5 vehicles will lack these traditional driver controls, so it will be impossible to control these vehicles using human drivers or traditional driving robots. Therefore, there is a need for an electronic interface that will allow engineers to send dynamic steering, speed, and brake commands to a vehicle. This paper describes the design and implementation of a market-ready Automated Driving Systems (ADS) Test Data Interface (TDI), a secure electronic control interface which aims to solve the challenges outlined above. The interface consists of a communication port
Zagorski, Scott, Nguyen, An, Heydinger, Gary, Abbey, Howard
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: One Step Closer To L4 AV Trucking1338403/09/2023
The most polite driver on the road might soon be an L4 AV truck. Torc Robotics is the first company developing the technology to commercialize fully autonomous semi-trucks in the U.S. for long-haul applications. By running extensive simulations with the best and most experienced truck drivers in the world, Torc's self-driving vehicle software and integration solution is expected to achieve L4 automation by the end of this decade. As an independent subsidiary of Daimler Truck, the Torc system uses an approach called See-Think-Act to calculate the optimal driving decision. By employing veteran truck drivers to reinforce their technology with real world know-how, Torc is truly making the road a safer place. We sat down with Tim Zuercher, VP Engineering - Autonomy at Torc, to discuss the company's mission to reduce highway deaths, enable critical supplies, and help the transportation industry increase fuel economy, uptime, and capacity.
Hineman, Marcie
On-Line Pose Measurement and Adjustment of End Effector Based on Laser Tracker for Robotic Drilling System2023-01-098203/07/2023
Tang, Yue, Zheng, Jinhui, Zhang, Mao
3D Printing Materials with Tunable Mechanical PropertiesTBMG-4691211/01/2022
Making Low-Cost Automation AccessibleTBMG-4664609/22/2022
For years, manufacturing experts reported steady growth in the use of automation. Now, however, growth has exploded at a record pace, and industries all around the globe are embracing robotic solutions.
An Artificial Intelligence System to Identify Objects in Cluttered ScenesTBMG-4595606/01/2022
Robotic vision has come a long way, reaching a level of sophistication with applications in complex and demanding tasks, such as autonomous driving and object manipulation. However, it still struggles to identify individual objects in cluttered scenes where some objects are partially or completely hidden behind others. Typically, when dealing with such scenes, robotic vision systems are trained to identify the occluded object based only on its visible parts. But such training requires large datasets of objects and can be tedious.
Path Planning and Path Optimization for Industrial Robots using Moveit! and ROS Melodic2022-01-041603/29/2022
This research paper is entitled "Path planning and path optimization for industrial robots using Moveit! and ROS Melodic". The main objective of the research is to analyse the performance of pick and place operations of the Techman robot TM5-700, to understand ROS melodic basics, use Moveit for initializing motion planning and implementing various algorithms for path optimization. The paper also aims to analyse the safe and efficient collaboration of the robot with human workers and compliable technology. Traditionally, movement of robots is needed to be observed on a timely basis to avoid any mishaps. The challenge, therefore, is to not only create a system that does not create mishappenings, but also create a system that is independent of human interference. The robot is thus designed to communicate to the ROS Master via services and will respond to the commands given to it through a Python program which initiates a node, communicates with the robot system and guiding its motion. The
Palchaudhary, Sanket, Narvekar, Nishant, Siddiqui, Osama
Centimeter-Long Snail Robot Powered with LightTBMG-3980309/01/2021
Crawling by traveling deformation of a soft body is a widespread mode of locomotion — from microscopic nematodes, to earthworms, to gastropods. Animals across scales use it to move around different, often challenging environments. Snails, in particular, use mucus — a slippery, aqueous secretion — to control the interaction between their ventral foot and the surface. Their adhesive locomotion has a unique property: it can be used on different surfaces including wood, metal, glass, Teflon (PTFE), or sand in various configurations such as crawling upside-down.
5 Ws of Puncture-Proof Soft ElectronicsTBMG-3978809/01/2021
The durable soft electronics could be used in wearable electronics and soft robotics and could someday be part of a stretchable smartphone.
Engine Sound Source Characterization Based on Inverse Numerical Acoustics2021-01-102408/31/2021
Inverse Numerical Acoustics (INA) is the process by which the measurements of the sound pressure near a vibrating object, such as an engine, can be used to reconstruct the surface velocities of the object. This is required when it is difficult to conduct measurement on the structure or when the full structural FE model is not available. In such scenarios, the INA technique allows to back calculate the operational vibrations based on operational near field pressure measurements. When the surface velocities of a vibrating object are known which are independent of the boundary conditions, then the object can be used as a source in any application to compute the sound pressure levels in the surrounding (far field). This paper describes an experimental procedure that relies on INA to characterize an engine noise source in this manner. To this end, a robotic manipulator first measured sound pressures at multiple points in the near acoustic field. This process resulted in an accurate mapping
Chaudhari, Parag, Cuhat, Daniel, Smith, Corey, Marry, Christopher, Suh, Sanghoon
Facility Focus: Worcester Polytechnic InstituteTBMG-3961408/01/2021
Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) was founded in 1865 and is the nation’s third-oldest private technological university. Located in Worcester, MA, WPI fosters research in areas from tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, to exploration of the technological and policy issues surrounding cybersecurity, to studies of issues as diverse as firefighter health and security and the fire safety challenges of green buildings.
Soft Robotic Gripper Based on Twining PlantsTBMG-3959208/01/2021
Scientists often look to nature for cues when designing robots — some robots mimic human hands while others simulate the actions of octopus arms or inchworms. Now, researchers have designed a soft robotic gripper that draws inspiration from an unusual source: pole beans. While pole beans and other twining plants use their touch-sensitive shoots to wrap themselves around supports like ropes and rods to grow upward, the new robot is designed to firmly but gently grasp objects as small as 1 millimeter in diameter.
Human Body Orientation from 2D Images2021-01-008204/06/2021
This work presents a method to estimate the human body orientation using 2D images from a person view; the challenge comes from the variety of human body poses and appearances. The method utilizes OpenPose neural network as a human pose detector module and depth sensing module. The modules work together to extract the body orientation from 2D stereo images. OpenPose is proven to be efficient in detecting human body joints, defined by COCO dataset, OpenPose can detect the visible body joints without being affected by backgrounds or other challenging factors. Adding the depth data for each point can produce rich information to the process of 3D construction for the detected humans. This 3D point’s setup can tell more about the body orientation and walking direction for example. The depth module used in this work is the ZED camera stereo system which uses CUDA for high performance depth computation. One of the possible applications for this method is for social robots where the robot has
Abughalieh, Karam, Alawneh, Shadi
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Bear Flag Robotics, Helping Farmers Improve Sustainability1300804/06/2021
Sustainable farming is within reach and Bear Flag Robotics is part of the collage of technology that's making it happen. On the latest episode, we spoke with Igino Cafiero and Aubrey Donnellan, Founders of Bear Flag Robotics, to discuss how the unique business model enables business and farming success. From their days at Carnegie Mellon to the present, the unique perspectives of Cafiero and Donnellan have helped build the Bear Flag Robotics business on diversity of thought, transparency and trust. Discover how they bring these same ideals to business relationships with farmers and how Bear Flag's technology plays a role in safety, productivity and sustainability.
Hineman, Marcie
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: How Fox Robotics is Transforming Warehouse Logistics for the Better1300603/26/2021
Technology offers a way of taking something imaginary and making it a reality. On the latest episode, we spoke with Peter Anderson-Sprecher, Chief Technical Officer at Fox Robotics, to discuss how his early exposure to computers and technology led to imagining, creating and implementing an innovative robotic system to help reimagine supply chain. Fox Robotics is transforming the world of warehouse logistics. While the supply chain is an invisible process that society takes for granted, Fox Robotics is ensuring the safe and efficient loading and unloading of cargo by combining traditional forklifts with innovative robotic software. Discover how robots are becoming more ubiquitous in the future and how Fox is a part of the process.
Hineman, Marcie
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: How Robots and Humans Work Together for a Better Tomorrow with RE2 Robotics1300503/18/2021
What if robots could make the world better and safer for all? On the latest episode, we spoke with Jorgen Pedersen, President & CEO and Amanda Sgroi, Ph.D., Principal Research Scientist at RE2 Robotics, to discuss how they're using robotics to do just that. Solving safety issues in medicine, construction, defense and more, RE2 is using robotics to amplify human capabilities and expertise, making the world a safer and more efficient place. Understand the role robotics play in the future and the systems put in place to keep humans out of harm's way.
Hineman, Marcie
Development of a Non-Parametric Robot Calibration Method to Improve Drilling Accuracy2021-01-000303/02/2021
The drilling of large quantities of repetitive holes during the manufacture of large aerospace components is often considered a key limiting factor with regards to production efficiency. Whilst the desire within aerospace is to use relatively cheap six axis robot arms with drilling end effector units, their poor accuracy remains an obstacle. Robot calibration presents a way of improving robot accuracy such that aerospace drilling tolerances can be met, without permanently committing metrology equipment to an automation cell during production. Extensive research has been conducted into robot calibration by correcting the kinematic model, known as parametric calibration. This method is highly complex, and calibrates the robot across the entire working volume. This is often not required in industrial drilling applications, as drilling routines are often contained within a smaller volume of the robot reach. In this paper, a non-parametric method of robot calibration is proposed. This
Scraggs, Chris, Smith, Thomas, Sawyer, Daniela, Davis, Matthew
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Self-Driving For The Long Haul with Kodiak Robotics1293102/19/2021
Kodiak Robotics is delivering more than freight, it's delivering the future. We spoke with Andreas Wendel, Vice President of Engineering at Kodiak Robotics, to discuss how they became a developer of reliable, highway-tested, self-driving long haul trucks and the elements required to create safe vehicles that perform consistently, delivering freight to commercial customers with a 100% on-time delivery record. Discover the difference between range of visibility and range of confidence across cameras, lidar and radar, and why this three-pronged approach allows Kodiak to develop the software and technology that enables zero disengagements across 800 miles.
Hineman, Marcie
New Capabilities for Grasp-Assisting GlovesTBMG-3852202/01/2021
NASA is developing the next generation of spacesuits for future missions including the optimization of spacesuit gloves that, when coupled to a pressurized suit, tend to limit the range of motion of an astronaut’s hand to as little as 20%. Many of NASA’s future missions will be in challenging environments where hand dexterity of the astronaut will be critical for the success of the missions.
4D Printing of Morphing StructuresTBMG-3849402/01/2021
Soft robots and biomedical implants that reconfigure themselves upon demand are closer to reality with a new way to print shapeshifting materials. Researchers have developed a method to print objects that can be manipulated to take on alternate forms when exposed to changes in temperature, electric current, or stress.
Ultra-Thin, Battery-Free Strain Sensors for Industrial Robotic ArmsTBMG-3849202/01/2021
Fabricated using flexible, stretchable, and electrically conductive nanomaterials called MXenes, novel strain sensors were developed that are ultra-thin, battery-free, and can transmit data wirelessly. By controlling the surface textures of MXenes, researchers were able to control the sensing performance of strain sensors for various soft exoskeletons. The sensor design principles developed will significantly enhance the performance of electronic skins and soft robots.
Ultra-Thin, Highly Sensitive Strain Sensors Improve Robotic ArmsTBMG-3855002/01/2021
A research team from NUS, led by Assistant Professor Chen Po-Yen, has taken the first step toward improving the safety and precision of industrial robotic arms by developing a new range of nanomaterial strain sensors that are 10 times more sensitive when measuring minute movements, compared to existing technology.
Linking Materials May Transform Robots Made of RobotsTBMG-3850102/01/2021
A method was developed that unifies the construction of varying types of mechanical metamaterials using a discrete lattice, or LEGO-like system, enabling the design of modular materials with properties tailored to their application. These building blocks and their resulting materials could lead to dynamic structures that can reconfigure on their own; for example, a swarm of robots could form a bridge to allow troops to cross a river. This capability would enhance military maneuverability and survivability of warfighters and equipment.
Executive Roundtable: Robotics DesignTBMG-3813912/01/2020
As manufacturing facilities become more automated, robots are playing a larger role. And while collaborative robots and other robotic systems may help human workers, there are many questions still to be answered about cost, safety, and other factors. Motion Design posed some of those questions to a panel of robotics industry leaders.
Special Section: The Winners of the 2020 'Create the Future' Design ContestTBMG-3828312/01/2020
The , launched in 2002 by Tech Briefs Media Group (publishers of Tech Briefs magazine), recognizes and rewards engineering innovations that benefit humanity, the environment, and the economy. The annual contest draws product designs from engineers, students, and entrepreneurs worldwide.
Upper Body Robotic ExoskeletonTBMG-3817312/01/2020
A soft, wearable, robotic upper limb exoskeleton garment was designed to actively control the shoulder and elbow, both positioning the limb in specific orientations and commanding the limb through desired motions. The invention was developed to provide effective upper extremity motor rehabilitation for patients with neurological impairments (e.g., traumatic brain injury, stroke).
Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San DiegoTBMG-3821112/01/2020
Engineering at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) in La Jolla started in 1964 and 1965 with two broad applied science departments: one in the areas of aerospace engineering, solid mechanics, bioengineering and materials and the other in the areas of electronics, information theory, and radio astronomy. In 1997, the School of Engineering was renamed the Jacobs School of Engineering to honor Qualcomm founder and former UCSD engineering professor Irwin Jacobs and his wife.
Unsettled Issues on Human-Robot Collaboration and Automation in Aerospace ManufacturingEPR202002411/30/2020
This SAE EDGE™ Research Report builds a comprehensive picture of the current state-of-the-art of human-robot applications, identifying key issues to unlock the technology’s potential. It brings together views of recognized thought leaders to understand and deconstruct the myths and realities of human- robot collaboration, and how it could eventually have the impact envisaged by many.Current thinking suggests that the emerging technology of human-robot collaboration provides an ideal solution, combining the flexibility and skill of human operators with the precision, repeatability, and reliability of robots. Yet, the topic tends to generate intense reactions ranging from a “brave new future” for aircraft manufacturing and assembly, to workers living in fear of a robot invasion and lost jobs.It is widely acknowledged that the application of robotics and automation in aerospace manufacturing is significantly lower than might be expected. Reasons include product variability, size, design
Webb, Philip, Fletcher, Sarah
Self-Healing, Recyclable, Shape Memory PolymersTBMG-3798411/01/2020
By tweaking the chemistry of a single polymer, researchers have created a family of synthetic materials that ranges in texture from ultra-soft to extremely rigid. The materials are 3D-printable, self-healing, recyclable, and naturally adhere to each other in air or underwater. These characteristics make them suited for more realistic prosthetics and soft robotics as well as broad military applications such as agile platforms for air vehicles and futuristic, self-healing aircraft wings.
Self-Assembling Robot Cubes Form Various StructuresTBMG-3797211/01/2020
Swarms of simple, interacting robots have the potential to unlock stealthy abilities for accomplishing complex tasks. Getting these robots to achieve a true hive-like mind of coordination has proved to be a challenge. To solve the problem, self-assembling robotic cubes were developed that can climb over and around one another, leap through the air, and roll across the ground. The robots can “communicate” with each other using a barcode-like system on each face of the block that allows the modules to identify each other. The autonomous fleet of 16 blocks can accomplish simple tasks or behaviors such as forming a line, following arrows, or tracking light.
Octopus-Inspired Soft Robotic ArmTBMG-3800311/01/2020
Two-thirds of an octopus’s neurons are in its arms, meaning each arm literally has a mind of its own. Octopus arms can untie knots, open childproof bottles, and wrap around prey of any shape or size. The hundreds of suckers that cover their arms can form strong seals, even on rough surfaces underwater.
3D-Printed Sweating Robot MuscleTBMG-3800711/01/2020
One of the hurdles for making enduring, adaptable, and agile robots is managing the robots’ internal temperature. If the high-torque-density motors and exothermic engines that power a robot overheat, the robot will cease to operate. This is a particular issue for soft robots made of synthetic materials. While more flexible, they hold their heat unlike metals, which dissipate heat quickly. An internal cooling technology, such as a fan, may not be much help because it would take up space inside the robot and add weight.
Simple Robot Vision Tools Support Complex ApplicationsTBMG-3780810/01/2020
A new wave of easy-to-use robot vision systems allows companies with no automation experience to enjoy the benefits of vision-powered production. But can these no-fuss, low-cost systems support complex tasks like quality inspection?
Optical Neural Network Recognizes Objects InstantlyTBMG-3779410/01/2020
A technology was developed to produce optical devices that can instantaneously recognize objects without additional computer processing. The technology could ultimately be useful for robots, autonomous vehicles, and other applications.
Integrated Microchips for Electronic SkinTBMG-3780110/01/2020
Human skin allows for interfacing with external physical environments through numerous receptors interconnected with the nervous system. Scientists have been trying to transfer these features to artificial skin, aiming at robotic applications. Operation of robotic systems heavily relies on electronic and magnetic field sensing functionalities required for positioning and orientation in space.
An Inside Look at Maximizing Throughput, Speed, and Efficiency with Robotics in Medical Device ManufacturingTBMG-3768309/01/2020
Recently I entered our stainless-steel tube processing area, which looks completely different from the way it did 10 years ago. The entire room used to be filled with people who were running machines, inspecting components, and working on changeovers. The company was a different place back then and was only starting to embrace automated work cells. Fast forward to today. When I walked into that room, I was greeted by one of our setup technicians sitting on a chair in the corner. I joked with him, “Don’t you have any work to do?” He replied, “Take a look around, you see all those green lights? If they are green, then I am doing my job.” There was no one else in the room but us, yet all of the machines were running. That was a powerful moment for me, and it was then that I realized we had transitioned almost every processing machine in that room to some form of automation.
Soft Robotic Insect Survives Being Flattened by a FlyswatterTBMG-3763109/01/2020
Researchers have developed a soft robotic insect propelled at 3 cm per second by artificial muscles.
Thermally Conductive, Stretchable Rubber MaterialTBMG-3764909/01/2020
A thermally conductive rubber material was developed that represents a breakthrough for creating soft, stretchable machines and electronics. The new material, nicknamed “thubber,” is an electrically insulating composite that exhibits a combination of metal-like thermal conductivity and elasticity similar to soft, biological tissue that can stretch more than six times its initial length.
Wearable Strain Sensor Using Light TransmittanceTBMG-3744508/01/2020
Researchers have developed a wearable strain sensor based on the modulation of optical transmittance of a carbon nanotube (CNT)-embedded elastomer. The sensor is capable of sensitive, stable, and continuous measurement of physical signals.
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