The security of connected health technology is often assumed to exist when it does not, or considered to be prohibitively expensive or complex, or, worst of all, relegated to an afterthought. This is dangerous thinking, especially as the industry increasingly moves to a smartphone-based command-and-control model for these safety-critical applications.

Mission Control Conference System Enables Global Collaboration

TBMG-3720707/01/2020

Spinoff is NASA’s annual publication featuring successfully commercialized NASA technology. This commercialization has contributed to the development of products and services in the fields of health and medicine, consumer goods, transportation, public safety, computer technology, and environmental resources.

V2X to the Rescue for VRUs!

20AVEP05_0305/01/2020

For motorcyclists and other vulnerable road users, V2X communication is a vital safety asset for the AV future. As development of autonomous vehicles (AV) moves inexorably forward, connectivity-also known as vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication-will play a crucial role in their adoption. Much of the necessary V2X technology is already available, leaving regulatory and infrastructure challenges as the remaining major obstacles to an effective network rollout. Deployment of V2X capabilities could be a boon to vulnerable road users (VRUs) such as motorcyclists, cyclists and pedestrians, according to safety experts. It is connectivity, not autonomy, that will alert a vehicle that traffic ahead has stopped, or that a motorcycle hidden behind buildings is approaching an intersection. ADAS and AV sensor suites help vehicles that are so equipped navigate their immediate environments in real-time, but it is the V2X network that promises to bring a safer, omniscient view of the road ahead

Seredynski, Paul

On-Glass Antenna for Connected Vehicle Communications

2020-01-137004/14/2020

In this paper, an aperture coupled glass patch antenna suitable for 5 GHz WLAN/Wi-Fi, Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications is presented. The proposed antenna is embedded into a laminated vehicle window glass. The laminated vehicle window is formed of outer and inner glass plies bonded together by an interposed layer, preferably of a standard polyvinylbutyral (PVB) or similar plastic material. The patch antenna uses the inner layer glass and the PVB layer as antenna substrate. The ground plan of the patch antenna is a layer of silver screen printed onto inner surface of the inner glass. The patch antenna is fed by a coupled aperture on the ground plan; therefore, no hole is required on the glass to feed the antenna. The antenna is conformal to the glass and can be hidden under the black paint around the perimeter of the window glass. The simulated and measured results are shown for the patch antenna and

Dai, David

An Integrated View on Automotive SPICE, Functional Safety and Cyber-Security

2020-01-014504/14/2020

Automotive domain has seen safety engineering at the forefront of the industry’s priorities for the last decade. Therefore, additional safety engineering efforts, design approaches and well-established safety processes have been stipulated. Today many connected and automated vehicles are available and connectivity features and information sharing is increasingly used. This increases the attractiveness of an attack on vehicles and thus introduces new risks for vehicle cyber-security. Thus, just as safety became a critical part of the development in the late 20th century, the automotive domain must now consider cyber-security as an integral part of the development of modern vehicles. Aware of this fact, the automotive industry has therefore recently taken multiple efforts in designing and producing safe and secure connected and automated vehicles. As the domain geared up for the cyber-security challenges, they leveraged experiences from many other domains, but nevertheless, must face

Macher, Georg, Schmittner, Christoph, Dobaj, Jürgen, Armengaud, Eric, Messnarz, Richard

Computation of Safety Architecture for Electric Power Steering System and Compliance with ISO 26262

2020-01-064904/14/2020

Nowadays and with the advancement of the automotive industry, functional safety has become one of the most significant challenges for autonomous and connected vehicles. The automotive industry is transforming from conventional driving technology where the driver or the human being is a part of the control loop to fully autonomous development and self-driving mode. The SAE levels of autonomy define level 4 by (These automated driving features will not require you to take over driving). Thus, more and more safety-related electronically controlled units ECUs are deployed in the control module of the vehicle. As a result, more complexity of system architecture, software, and hardware are interacting and interfacing which increases the risk of both systematic and random hardware failures. In order to reduce these risks and avoid any potential failure or loss of control, ISO 26262 was introduced and developed to guide the automotive original equipment manufacturer OEMs and suppliers to

Salih, Saif, Olawoyin, Richard

Safety development trend of the intelligent and connected vehicle and countermeasures for enterprise research and development

2020-01-008504/14/2020

Automotive safety is always the focus of consumers, the selling point of products, the focus of technology. In order to achieve automatic driving, interconnection with the outside world, human-automatic system interaction, the security connotation of intelligent and connected vehicles (ICV) changes: information security is the basis of its security. Functional safety ensures that the system is operating properly. Behavioral safety guarantees a secure interaction between people and vehicles. Passive security should not be weakened, but should be strengthened based on new constraints. In terms of information security, the threshold for attacking cloud, pipe, and vehicle information should be raised to ensure that ICV system does not fail due to malicious attacks. The cloud is divided into three cloud platforms according to functions: ICVs private cloud, TSP cloud, public cloud. The transmission side classifies three APNs based on usage: enterprise-owned APN, public network APN, and

Zhao, Fuquan, Tan, Hong, Liu, Zongwei

The Development of the Method to Analyze User Preference of Routing from the Probe Data in Cloud

2020-01-074004/14/2020

Routing quality always dominates the top percentage which is around 20% of the complaints of in-vehicle navigation. It is because that the routing algorithm is common which is not adaptive to individual user’s preference. For example, some users prefer the quickest route while some prefer the routes quick and comfort. The reason is that the legacy in-vehicle navigation is an embedded system which has the common navigation software. As the connected vehicles rapidly spread, in the case of Toyota it is announced that all the new model vehicles in JP, CN, US will be connected, routing function switches from the embedded device to the cloud in which there are plenty of probe data uploaded from the vehicles. These probe data make it possible to analyze user preference and customized routing profile adaptive to each single user. This paper describes the method to analyze the user preference from the probe data uploaded to the cloud. The method includes data collection, the analysis model of

Jin, Xin, Takayama, Toshinori, Yashiro, Ai, Nakamura, Taiki

Reimagining Robotics in a Connected World

TBMG-3636804/01/2020

The world is increasingly connected. Nearly 60% of the entire world population and more than 90% of the developed world is online. It’s hard to imagine life without the Internet — no smartphone, no online banking, no streaming music or podcasts, no social media, no email. Connecting humans on the Internet has dramatically expanded our individual reach, our capacity to sell globally, and our ability to help others wherever they are.

Harness Wireless IoT Sensors for Integrated Building Management

TBMG-3615303/01/2020

The Internet of Things (IoT) is proving its impact on the real estate sector. According to forecasts, building automation will lead the growth rate of connected devices in 2020. Smart building endpoints are expected to grow by 42 percent next year, reaching the staggering number of 440 million. Facility managers, real estate owners, as well as commercial and industrial businesses are looking to deploy IoT for its multifold benefits — from augmenting building efficiency and lowering costs, to improving tenants’ experience. These exciting opportunities come from granular insights into disparate aspects of building operations — all accessible from a centralized management platform.

Leading Women in Engineering & Science: Mahsa Nakhjiri, Senior Director of Technical Product Management, Flex

TBMG-3624703/01/2020

SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Creating a Technological Backbone for Connectivity

1289002/11/2020

Technological advancements are the backbone for mass deployment of connected solutions. When Jeff Stewart, Assistant Vice President of Global Public Policy at AT&T, joins host Grayson Brulte at SAE's Government/Industry Meeting, they run the gamut of innovations impacting the world around us. As the world shifts focus to 5G, Jeff shares AT&T's 5G policy, explores what the town of the future looks like and digs into the importance of fiber backhaul for continued advancement.

Hineman, Marcie

Service Specific Permissions and Security Guidelines for Connected Vehicle Applications

J2945/5_202002 (Current)02/05/2020

SAE is developing a number of standards, including the SAE J2945/x and SAE J3161/x series, that specify a set of applications using message sets from the SAE J2735 data dictionary. (“Application” is used here to mean “a collection of activities including interactions between different entities in the service of a collection of related goals and associated with a given IEEE Provider Service Identifier (PSID)”). Authenticity and integrity of the communications for these applications are ensured using digital signatures and IEEE 1609.2 digital certificates, which also indicate the permissions of the senders using Provider Service Identifiers (PSIDs) and Service Specific Permissions (SSPs). The PSID is a globally unique identifier associated with an application specification that unambiguously describes how to build interoperable instances of that application. If the application features multiple activities such that different activities have different security impacts, correspond to

V2X Security Technical Committee

ISP-Vehicle Location Referencing Standard

J1746_201910 (Current)10/03/2019

This SAE Standard is intended to be used for the communication of spatial data references between central sites and mobile vehicles on roads. References can be communicated from central site to vehicles, or from vehicles to central sites. The document may also be used where appropriate by other ITS applications requiring location references between data sets.

Motor Vehicle Council

Maintaining Data Protection and Security for the Connected Car

TBMG-3527110/01/2019

The connected car has already become a reality. It is a subject not just electrifying customers and manufacturers but also security researchers and IT experts. And in a worst-case scenario, criminal hackers as well. For years, security experts have observed the fact that the desktop PC is not the only target of digital attacks anymore. A large part of the malware is now customized to hit mobile devices. It would be negligent to believe that this development would leave the connected car unmolested.

Defining an Open System Architecture Standard for Defense Systems

TBMG-3535510/01/2019

For many years now, there have been efforts within the US defense community to adopt “Open System Architecture” principles (or OSA) for defense computing platforms. Stretching back to the mid-2000’s there have been numerous efforts by all service branches to define sets of OSA principles or requirements on the embedded computing systems they procure and deploy. While these efforts have resulted in widespread adoption of POSIX functions for common tasks and a gradual shift in the use of common form factors and technologies such as VPX and Ethernet, there are still wide disparities between products from different suppliers, which creates difficulties for integrators. Product variations also make technology insertions or system configuration changes expensive, time consuming, and often locked to a particular vendor.

Defining an Open System Architecture Standard for Defense Systems

19AERP10_0410/01/2019

For many years now, there have been efforts within the US defense community to adopt “Open System Architecture” principles (or OSA) for defense computing platforms. Stretching back to the mid-2000's there have been numerous efforts by all service branches to define sets of OSA principles or requirements on the embedded computing systems they procure and deploy. While these efforts have resulted in widespread adoption of POSIX functions for common tasks and a gradual shift in the use of common form factors and technologies such as VPX and Ethernet, there are still wide disparities between products from different suppliers, which creates difficulties for integrators. Product variations also make technology insertions or system configuration changes expensive, time consuming, and often locked to a particular vendor. In 2019 the US defense embedded computing market underwent a transformation. Started in 2017, the Sensor Open Systems Architecture group (or SOSA) is an organization

Continental Tire rolls towards a smart-and-connected future

19AUTP10_0910/01/2019

It is difficult to become emotional about tires except when they-literally-let us down. But tires are set to get smarter, communicate more effectively and react to changing road conditions. Each of these will play a role in meeting the demands of autonomous- and electric-vehicle (AV/EV) development. “They will be tires that take care of themselves and provide highly supported driving,” said Dr. Philipp Struck, Continental Tire's head of tire line development. “Mobile data will be essential as we become more autonomous and drive more EVs.”

Birch, Stuart

Collins Aerospace provides avionics for C-130H modernization program

SAE-MA-0000209/03/2019

The Lockheed C-130H Hercules fleet operated by the Air National Guard and U.S. Air Force Reserve is getting new Collins Aerospace Systems avionics that will help extend the life of the legacy aircraft by 20 years.

Kucinski, William

How to Choose the Right Wireless Technology for Industrial Condition Monitoring

TBMG-3519409/01/2019

Industries are constantly searching for new approaches to advance operational efficiency and product quality. With unplanned downtime estimated to cost manufacturers $50 billion each year, improving asset health and availability is a top priority.

Editorial

19AVEP09_0109/01/2019

Although editor-in-chief Lindsay Brooke's cover story detailing the foundations of Israel's surging tech sector helps to explain the nation's expanding expertise in all things cyber-secure, much of this issue deals with security and privacy of another kind-the access we grant almost daily to all manner of digital “providers” of goods and services. The access we'll be expected to cede is in exchange for some of the promising new features of the looming connected-vehicle future.

Visnic, Bill

Conductive Textiles Connect Multiple Wearables

TBMG-3509309/01/2019

Researchers at the National University of Singapore (NUS) have invented a completely new way for wearable devices to interconnect. They incorporated conductive textiles into clothing to dynamically connect several wearable devices at once. This “wireless body sensor network” allows devices to transmit data with 1,000 times stronger signal than conventional technologies, meaning the battery life of all devices is dramatically improved. Wireless networks of these wearable devices on a body have future applications in health monitoring, medical interventions, and human-machine interfaces.

Sensors Expo Preview 2019

TBMG-3458406/01/2019

The 2019 Sensors Expo and Conference will be held at the McEnery Convention Center, San Jose, CA from June 25 – 27. Both the expo and conference are excellent opportunities to get a good sense of important sensor trends. Among the wide variety of themes at the conference, some strike me as being very significant for the current state of the industry.

Vulnerability of FlexRay and Countermeasures

11-02-01-0002

05/23/2019

The importance of in-vehicle network security has increased with an increase in automated and connected vehicles. Hence, many attacks and countermeasures have been proposed to secure the controller area network (CAN), which is an existent in-vehicle network protocol. At the same time, new protocols-such as FlexRay and Ethernet-which are faster and more reliable than CAN have also been proposed. European OEMs have adopted FlexRay as a control network that can perform the fundamental functions of a vehicle. However, there are few studies regarding FlexRay security. In particular, studies on attacks against FlexRay are limited to theoretical studies or simulation-based experiments. Hence, the vulnerability of FlexRay is unclear. Understanding this vulnerability is necessary for the application of countermeasures and improving the security of future vehicles.In this article, we highlight the vulnerability of FlexRay found in the experiments conducted on a real FlexRay network. Consequently