Browse Topic: Connectivity

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Testing AS Spec 07212025 (without alternateExternalId)AS-07212025 (Current)07/21/2025
Testing AS Spec 07212025 (without alternateExternalId)
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
How Will TSN Ethernet Impact the Future of Embedded Computing for Aerospace and Defense Applications?25AERP03_0603/01/2025
Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) Ethernet is a real-time networking capability that is being developed by a growing number of embedded computing companies for the earliest stages of adoption by aerospace and defense manufacturers and their suppliers. According to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) TSN working group, it is a set of standards that provides deterministic connectivity within IEEE 802-aligned networks. Nigel Forrester is the Director of Product Strategy for Concurrent Technologies, a UK-based provider of high performance embedded computing solutions for aerospace, defense and many other industries. Check out our interview with Forrester about the potential impact of TSN Ethernet on new and legacy aerospace and defense applications, and how it is being adopted by manufacturers and system integrators below.
Testing Methods for Advanced Intelligent Driving Systems Based on Natural Driving Behavior Characteristics2025-01-714702/21/2025
The technology of advanced intelligent driving systems equipped in intelligent and connected vehicles evolves rapidly, while the corresponding testing and evaluation standards lag behind. To propose new testing methods for advanced intelligent driving systems, this study first identifies typical intelligent driving functions through extensive research. Based on the distribution characteristics of natural driving scenarios, a series of test cases for these typical functions are developed. By employing simulation methods and the "logical scenario-critical scenario-experimental scenario" mechanism, the generalized test cases are filtered, enabling the rapid extraction of high-value test cases for real-world field testing and validation. Finally, the typical intelligent driving functions of advanced driving systems are analyzed and evaluated from the perspectives of perception and decision-making, as well as control operations. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed testing
Mo, Jingyue, Wu, Biao, Ma, Zhixiong, Ren, Hongze, He, Jiacan
ZF builds ‘middleware’ to address vehicle software escalation21AUTP03_0901/27/2025
Acknowledging the emergence of the “software-defined” vehicle, ZF announced that it is in the process of developing a “middleware” platform designed to facilitate communication between a typical new vehicle's ballooning number of software-controlled components and systems. Company engineers and executives said the first vehicles leveraging the new middleware will be on the road in 2024, but the platform is being created because the industry has to grasp “what the car will look like in the 2030s,” said Dirk Walliser, senior VP - corporate R&D, Innovation & Technology for ZF Friedrichshafen AG. Coinciding with the undertaking to create its middleware platform, ZF also announced it is establishing a Global Software Center to, according to a release, prepare for “new challenges in the triad of software, functions and smart systems” and to proactively pursue “numerous development processes.” Opening in 2021, the Global Software Center will be headed by Nico Hartmann, VP, Software Solutions
Visnic, Bill
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Scaling Connected Vehicles with Over-The-Air Updates1349212/17/2024
As the automotive world shifts toward fully software-defined vehicles (SDVs), many OEMs are hesitant to embrace a consumer-driven model for over-the-air (OTA) updates. Enter Sibros, a company offering holistic OTA software that enables automakers to achieve scalable, software-defined mobility. By providing AI-powered insights that deliver continuous product and service enhancements, OEMs can harness Sibros' single no-code platform to monitor, control and optimize SDVs, thus accelerating time-to-market, reducing code defects and enabling hundreds of connected vehicle use cases at global scale. This presents unique value for consumers, OEMs, commercial fleet operators, and even off-road sectors like agriculture and mining. To learn more, we sat down with Hemant Sikaria, CEO & Co-Founder, Sibros, to discuss the impact of his company's groundbreaking technology, how insurance and regulation come into play, and the importance of robust security measures to ensure the responsible growth of
Hineman, Marcie
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Scaling 2 Million Miles in Autonomous Trucking1347709/16/2024
Get ready for COMVEC 2024 with a rewind of Episode 235! We're honored to have Continental as the Executive Leadership sponsor of COMVEC, the leading forum for global experts in the commercial vehicle industry taking place September 10-12 in Schaumburg, IL. Join us as we network, exchange ideas, and get up to date on CV research and technology. Learn more and register now. A traditional Class 8 truck is on the road for a million miles or more over its lifetime. For autonomous trucks, that number could double to two million or more -- and that requires a specialty focus on scalability and safety. Enter Continental Automotive, a multinational automotive parts manufacturer pioneering technologies and services for the sustainable and connected mobility of people and goods. Continental has partnered with Aurora to commercially scale autonomous trucking systems. Together, they recently finalized the completion of the blueprint and design of the future Aurora Driver hardware and fallback
Hineman, Marcie
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Scaling 2 Million Miles in Autonomous Trucking1346807/23/2024
A traditional Class 8 truck is on the road for a million miles or more over its lifetime. For autonomous trucks, that number could double to two million or more--and that requires a specialty focus on scalability and safety. Enter Continental Automotive, a multinational automotive parts manufacturer pioneering technologies and services for the sustainable and connected mobility of people and goods. Continental has partnered with Aurora to commercially scale autonomous trucking systems. Together, they recently finalized the completion of the blueprint and design of the future Aurora Driver hardware and fallback system. To learn more, we sat down with Phil McEwen, Vice President and General Manager, Commercial and Special Vehicles North America, Continental Automotive, to discuss the importance of safety in autonomous trucking technology, the partnership with Aurora, and the future of autonomy. We're also honored to have Continental as the Executive Leadership sponsor of COMVEC, the
Hineman, Marcie
Method of Generating Real-Time Digital Customer Feedback Loop for Connected Vehicle Applications.2024-26-025801/16/2024
Modern cars are essentially computers on wheels in terms of the technology stack going into the car. Similarly, the customer experience is gone beyond the conventional touch and feel to more digital experiences around the car. While creating digital experiments around the car, getting honest customer feedback on the same is essential. Getting customer feedback in real-time and at scale is a challenge. Generally, this is limited to surveys and campaigns OEMs do to collect specific intent. In this paper, we propose a method of generating a real-time customer digital feedback loop. This method relay on real-time sourcing of data from openly available sources like Twitter, mobile app stores, etc. The real-time collected data is run through an analytics system. The analytics system contains four key stages, data preparation, sentiment segmentation, topic modelling and inference presentation. This paper in detail covers advanced machine learning techniques like natural language processing
Tidke, Pradeep, Venugopal, Vaisakh, Shukla, Manoj, Jali, Nagarjuna, Rathod, Chirag
Liv-in vehicle of the future2024-26-023701/16/2024
Liv-in vehicle of the future is a pioneer providing sustainable, highly customizable electric LCV solutions offering automated to autonomous driving, seamless connectivity to customers' ecosystems, peace-of-mind reliability and improved productivity and profitability. For flexibility, versatility, and economies of scale, modularity is essential. With a modular EV design, different vehicle models can share the same platform or components. This can accelerate development and provide manufacturing efficiencies, resulting in significant cost savings. With modular components parts sourcing is more efficient, and inventory management, processing, and storage are simplified. One plant can produce multiple vehicle variants far more easily and efficiently, with less complexity of retooling and physical layout changes. Advantages a) Reduced design and development costs. b) A flexible architecture that can be used for a variety of vehicle types. c) Economies of scale. d) Proven performance from
Dias, Francis Anton, Mane, Sushant
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Michigan: The New Epicenter of Aerospace1338002/09/2023
As the birthplace of the automotive industry and the home of several aviation firsts, Michigan offers unique advantages to the rapidly expanding space economy. To make the most of this opportunity, the Michigan Aerospace Manufacturers Association (MAMA) has convened three public-private partnerships: the Michigan Launch Initiative, Space-Enabled Communications for Advanced Mobility, and the Mid-America Hypersonic Suborbital Test Range. These programs provide a collaborative platform for public-private partners to support satellite launch capabilities, test commercial and national security applications, and expand 5G connectivity, among other opportunities. We sat down with Gavin P. Brown, Executive Director, MAMA, to discuss these exciting initiatives and learn how the organization is positioning Michigan as a leader in all phases of aerospace manufacturing -- from tool and die all the way through final assembly --by leaning on the state's rich automotive and aviation history.
Hineman, Marcie
Doing Verification Better! If VHDL is so good, why do we need UVM? 2022-26-117305/26/2022
In today’s world, complex electronic systems demand integration of an increasing number of functionalities in the form of various IP cores into a single chip or System-On-Chip (SOC). System-level functional verification of such massive SOCs is also increasingly becoming more complex. As design engineers create more functionally dense chips, the functional verification methodology is parallelly advancing to provide modern techniques resulting in independent, scalable, and reusable verification IP components. Modern-day SOCs strongly require verification architectures with extended reusability and easier accessibility. This paper highlights the pros and cons of shifting from legacy test-bench modeling strategies to more scalable, reusable, and efficient methodologies. Conventional methodology does not support features like randomization, factory registration, callbacks, configuration database etc., without which thorough verification seems difficult. The aim of the paper is to portray
Dwivedi, Neha, Mookim, Sanjana
Vehicular communication(V2V) based secure software update for connected vehicles2022-01-013803/29/2022
Modern vehicle complexity which is reflected in terms of number of ECUs carrying millions of lines of code in order to achieve the modern autonomous/driver assistance and connected vehicle functionalities requires an obligatory task of providing and managing the software efficiently throughout the lifecycle of the vehicle from OEMs. The OEMs performs the functions of ensuring improved performance as well as rectifying faulty software/firmware that may prove detrimental with respect to safety and security of vehicles. The software updations involves service center and manual efforts to update the various ECUs using dedicated tools, which involves huge cost and time overheads, and also carry customer dis-satisfaction. The proposed system involves the software updations over a remote vehicular communication platforms for the connected vehicles, which is unbiased of mentioned overheads. The vehicular communication based software update includes secure transfer along with installation and
Ansari, Asadullah, D H, Sharath, P.C., Karthik, Meitei, Wangam, Aziz, Mohammad, CHIDAMBARAM, VIVEK
Identifying Cybersecurity Focus Areas in Connected Cars Based on United Nations Regulation No. 155 Attack Vectors and Beyond2022-01-014103/29/2022
The arrival of 5G will enable vehicles to become better connected. In order to allow this evolution to manifest safely, the UNECE World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29) introduced the United Nations Regulation No. 155(UN-R155) this January, with expectations that at least 54 countries will mandate it starting July 2022. This regulation provides 69 attack vectors manufacturers are required to secure against, although it does not include specific countermeasures. Security methods and corresponding technologies change with time and are influenced by evolving connected car technologies as well as the threat landscape. Implementing effective cybersecurity means conducting a thorough risk analysis and prioritizing what needs to be achieved. Trend Micro Research conducted a risk analysis on each of the 69 attack vectors from a current and future perspective. In addition, we went beyond the attack vectors listed in UN-R155. Using our own analysis and insights, we brought
Huq, Numaan, Vosseler, Rainer
Challenges of Complex Software Development for Emerging Technologies in Automotive Industry: Bridging the Gap of Knowledge Between the Industry Practitioners2022-01-016703/29/2022
Automotive is one of the most rapidly growing industries in the world. The topics such as ride-sharing, connectivity, electrification and automation saw the fast changes in the industry. These include the more extended influence of software and computer science expertise into the previously more mechanical-engineering based industry. However, complex software development is relatively new for the automotive industry, which brings a lot of previously not seen challenges. For example, changes in development methodology have seen the discussions of agile methodology adoption into the said industry. Besides that, traditional inheritances from software engineering perspective such as 'technical debt' and 'feature prioritization' due to unsystematized software development should also be discussed. To yield the new innovations into the market safely, the challenges of software development for emerging technologies in the automotive industry should be understood. This paper highlights the
Abdul Hamid, Umar Zakir, Zaman, Mohammed Tousif, Irimescu , Doru Stefan
Future of Automotive Embedded Hardware Trust Anchors2022-01-013403/29/2022
The current automotive electronic and electrical (EE) architecture has reached its scalability limit and in order to adapt to the new and upcoming requirements, novel automotive EE architectures are currently being investigated to support: a) the Ethernet backbone, b) consolidation of hardware capabilities leading to a centralized architecture from an existing distributed architecture, c) optimization of wiring to reduce cost, and d) adaptation of service-oriented architectures. These requirements lead to the development of Zonal EE architectures that require appropriate adaptation of used security mechanisms and the corresponding utilized trust anchors. And while current architecture (ECU internal and in-vehicle networking) approaches are being pushed to their limits, simultaneously, the current embedded security solutions also seem to reveal their limitations due to an increase in connectivity. In conjunction with an increasing number of related laws and regulations (such as UNECE
Ambekar, Abhijit, Schmidt, Karsten, Schneider, Rolf, Dannebaum, Udo
A New Catalyst Technology to overcome Diffusion and Transport Limitations2021-26-021009/22/2021
The purification efficiency of exhaust gas catalysts depends on several factors. One of the most important factors is the diffusivity of the exhaust gases in the catalytic coating layer, especially at moderate to high temperature and space velocity conditions. Porous silica, γ-alumina, zirconia, carbons and many other porous crystalline materials that are commonly used as catalysts and catalyst supports are traversed by a labyrinth of tortuous micro and mesopores. If the connectivity is very low, the labyrinth of pores becomes more difficult to penetrate, increasing the overall “tortuosity” and slowing down the transportation of gas molecules within catalyst layers. A new approach to overcome these diffusion and transport limitations in an exhaust gas catalyst is to create an interconnected network of mesopores and macropores via increase in void fractions within the washcoat components and layers. In this study, various organic and inorganic pyrolyzable pore forming agents (PFAs) were
Gaur, Kanishka, Muthusamy, Vishnuvarthan, Mishra, Sushil, Kukreti, Sumit, Rajan, Bosco, Bartley, Gordon, Trigunayat, Alok
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: The Online Criminal Underground: Cybersecurity and Corporate Threats1316209/09/2021
There are constant news blasts highlighting ransomware incidents, company data hacks, and online theft. These threats are real and growing more present by the day - ultimately, increased connectivity, untraceable cryptocurrency, and bad international actors all but ensure that online data is at risk. What is it that causes company risk? Who are the actors at fault? And, perhaps most importantly, what can be done to mitigate these risks? Greg Otto, Chief Cybercrime Reporter at Intel 471 discusses prevention methods as well as how international agencies, businesses, the federal government, and insurance companies are working diligently to protect their own interests as well as our data. As hacking prevention methods become simpler and more convenient, the field of cybersecurity will become more secure. Learn more about the current challenges, relevance and importance of cybersecurity with SAE's Automotive Cybersecurity Certification course. The program teaches the context and
Hineman, Marcie
A Real-Time Intelligent Speed Optimization Planner Using Reinforcement Learning2021-01-043404/06/2021
As connectivity and sensing technologies become more mature, automated vehicles can predict future driving situations and utilize this information to drive more energy-efficiently than human-driven vehicles. However, future information beyond the limited connectivity and sensing range is difficult to predict and utilize, limiting the energy-saving potential of energy-efficient driving. Thus, we combine a conventional speed optimization planner, developed in our previous work, and reinforcement learning to propose a real-time intelligent speed optimization planner for connected and automated vehicles. We briefly summarize the conventional speed optimization planner with limited information, based on closed-form energy-optimal solutions, and present its multiple parameters that determine reference speed trajectories. Then, we use a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm, such as a deep Q-learning algorithm, to find the policy of how to adjust these parameters in real-time to
Lee, Woong, Han, Jihun, Zhang, Yaozhong, Karbowski, Dominik, Rousseau, Aymeric, Kim, Namwook
V2X Connectivity with ROS for AD Applications2021-01-006004/06/2021
Increased levels of autonomy requires an increasing amount of sensory data for the vehicle to make appropriate decisions. Sensors like camera, Lidar and Radar will help to perceive the surroundings, exposing nearby objects and blind spots within the line of sight. With V2X connectivity, vehicles communicate to other vehicles and infrastructure using wireless communications even in non-line of sight conditions. This paper presents an approach to utilize a V2X system to develop Automated Driving (AD) features in a Robot Operating System (ROS) environment. This was achieved by developing ROS drivers and creating custom messages to enable the communication between the V2X system and vehicle sensors. The developed algorithms were tested on FEV’s Smart Vehicle Demonstrator. The test results show that the proposed V2X automated driving approach has increased reliability compared to that of camera, Radar and Lidar based autonomous driving.
Yedida, Siddhartha, Paudyal, Ajay, Matta, Sherif, Tasky, Tom
A Framework for Benchmarking Feedback-Based Dynamic Data Collection Methods in Connected Vehicle Networks2021-01-018404/06/2021
Supervised, unsupervised and active learning techniques can be used to develop prognostics and diagnostics in connected vehicle networks, where a wide variety of sensors are available for data collection. However, constraints placed by the on-board equipment, vehicle network, time, and human resources limit the amount of sensor data and labels for machine learning. When no prior information about the data distribution or domain knowledge is available, it becomes a challenging task to collect limited and relevant data to train a machine learning model matching the desired performance threshold. To tackle this challenge, techniques such as experimental design, feature selection, and active learning can be applied, and the data collection process can be advanced to a closed-loop system where new data collection decisions are made based on the feedback from collected data. In this paper, an iterative design and evaluation procedure is considered to develop and deploy these feedback-based
Sahin, Alp, Zeng, Xiangrui
Intersection of Automotive and Satellite Connectivity: Use Cases and Exploration of a Hybrid Model2021-01-001703/02/2021
Universal Connectivity in the vehicle is no longer a nice-to-have function, but a critical tool to support every other function of the car - infotainment, active safety, autonomous driving, diagnostics, driving comfort etc. Although CASE (Connectivity, Autonomous, Services, Electrification) is now a commonly accepted foundation of new technology, it should perhaps be more accurately described as “C + ASE”, since Connectivity is an important enabler for the other three. Typically, connectivity in a vehicle implies primarily cellular (terrestrial) communication along with several other wireless protocols such as WiFi, Bluetooth, NFC etc. In addition, emerging vehicular technologies such as autonomous driving would potentially require ubiquitous and highly reliable connectivity. However, today’s terrestrial or cellular connectivity has some limitations, e.g., loss of service outside a carrier’s infrastructure zone (especially in rural areas), brownouts in congested urban areas, lack of
Goswami, Partha, Macdonald, Andrew
Horiba MIRA's Vision for World-Class AV Testing21AVEP03_0703/01/2021
A new autonomous vehicle development center called Assured CAV boasts a lengthy list of assets and capabilities. It is a bold company that uses the description “globally unique,” but that's the label engineering research and test provider Horiba MIRA has attached to its new AV development center. Called Assured CAV (connected/automated vehicle), it is scheduled to formally open in March 2021. The new complex is designed to cover multiple autonomous vehicle (AV) validation, verification and research, ranging from high-speed, at-the-limit controllability on its highway system, to automated valet parking in a multi-story facility. Its city section offers urban and suburban environments. There is a 5G mobile private network supported by Vodafone, an extensive digital replicas portfolio to help enable scaled technology, and robotic targets and junction layouts to meet ADAS protocols. The Assured CAV facility has been designed to incorporate the world's most advanced infrastructure and
Birch, Stuart
The Navigator20AVEP11_0211/01/2020
I write and talk about automated and connected vehicles every day for a living. But my personal ride is a first-generation Mazda MX-5 Miata built 31 years ago this month. I know that as long as I maintain it in proper working order, it will always bring the same level of joy every time I drive it. Forever. No policy change by Mazda will ever change that. Unfortunately, the same cannot be said for an increasing number of vehicles now and into the future.
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Innovating Commercial Trucking1291110/15/2020
There is more to Penske than meets the eye. As the largest non-governmental commercial trucking fleet in the world, Penske has instilled a culture of learning to tackle practical innovations to improve and advance the industry. This week, we welcome Bill Combs, Vice President of Connected Vehicle Strategy and Experimentation at Penske Transportation Solutions, to the podcast for a deep dive into the world of commercial trucking. The conversation kicks off in a unique way as Bill compares the lessons he learned experimenting with food ingredients in culinary school with the technology experimentation he now works on at Penske. Bill discusses how some of Penske's partnerships with companies like Daimler and TuSimple have enabled the organization to better serve all of its fleet and maintenance partners through learnings about electric vehicles, autonomous vehicles and data analytics. Bill explores the changing landscape of the commercial vehicle industry, tackling the issues of
Hineman, Marcie
Protecting Patients and Their Data from Cyberattacks Aimed at Their Connected Health DevicesTBMG-3735708/01/2020
The security of connected health technology is often assumed to exist when it does not, or considered to be prohibitively expensive or complex, or, worst of all, relegated to an afterthought. This is dangerous thinking, especially as the industry increasingly moves to a smartphone-based command-and-control model for these safety-critical applications.
Mission Control Conference System Enables Global CollaborationTBMG-3720707/01/2020
Spinoff is NASA’s annual publication featuring successfully commercialized NASA technology. This commercialization has contributed to the development of products and services in the fields of health and medicine, consumer goods, transportation, public safety, computer technology, and environmental resources.
V2X to the Rescue for VRUs!20AVEP05_0305/01/2020
For motorcyclists and other vulnerable road users, V2X communication is a vital safety asset for the AV future. As development of autonomous vehicles (AV) moves inexorably forward, connectivity-also known as vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication-will play a crucial role in their adoption. Much of the necessary V2X technology is already available, leaving regulatory and infrastructure challenges as the remaining major obstacles to an effective network rollout. Deployment of V2X capabilities could be a boon to vulnerable road users (VRUs) such as motorcyclists, cyclists and pedestrians, according to safety experts. It is connectivity, not autonomy, that will alert a vehicle that traffic ahead has stopped, or that a motorcycle hidden behind buildings is approaching an intersection. ADAS and AV sensor suites help vehicles that are so equipped navigate their immediate environments in real-time, but it is the V2X network that promises to bring a safer, omniscient view of the road ahead
Seredynski, Paul
Energy-Optimal Deceleration Planning System for Regenerative Braking of Electrified Vehicles with Connectivity and Automation2020-01-058204/14/2020
This paper presents an energy-optimal deceleration planning system (EDPS) to maximize regenerative energy for electrified vehicles on deceleration events perceived by map and navigation information, machine vision and connected communication. The optimization range for EDPS is restricted within an upcoming deceleration event rather than the entire routes while in real time considering preceding vehicles. A practical force balance relationship based on an electrified powertrain is explicitly utilized for building a cost function of the associated optimal control problem. The optimal inputs are parameterized on each computation node from a set of available deceleration profiles resulting from a deceleration time model which are configured by real-world test drivings. Also, to maximize energy recuperation and avoid front collision and jittering, the proposed EDPS uses a hierarchical control architecture with two layers: long-sighted planning system considering the entire scope of
Kim, Dohee, Eo, Jeong Soo, Kim, Yeojun, Guanetti, Jacopo, Miller, Ryan, Borrelli, Francesco
Concurrent Optimization of Vehicle Dynamics and Powertrain Operation Using Connectivity and Automation2020-01-058004/14/2020
Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) provide the most intriguing opportunity to reduce energy consumption and travel delays. In this paper, we propose a two-level control architecture for CAVs to optimize (1) the vehicle’s speed profile, aimed at minimizing stop-and-go driving, and (2) the powertrain efficiency of the vehicle for the optimal speed profile derived in (1). The proposed hierarchical control framework can be implemented onboard the vehicle in real time with minimal computational effort. We evaluate the effectiveness of the efficiency of the proposed architecture through simulation in Mcity using a 100% penetration rate of CAVs. The results show that the proposed approach yields significant benefits in terms of energy efficiency.
Mahbub, A M Ishtiaque, Malikopoulos, Andreas A.
An Integrated View on Automotive SPICE, Functional Safety and Cyber-Security2020-01-014504/14/2020
Automotive domain has seen safety engineering at the forefront of the industry’s priorities for the last decade. Therefore, additional safety engineering efforts, design approaches and well-established safety processes have been stipulated. Today many connected and automated vehicles are available and connectivity features and information sharing is increasingly used. This increases the attractiveness of an attack on vehicles and thus introduces new risks for vehicle cyber-security. Thus, just as safety became a critical part of the development in the late 20th century, the automotive domain must now consider cyber-security as an integral part of the development of modern vehicles. Aware of this fact, the automotive industry has therefore recently taken multiple efforts in designing and producing safe and secure connected and automated vehicles. As the domain geared up for the cyber-security challenges, they leveraged experiences from many other domains, but nevertheless, must face
Macher, Georg, Schmittner, Christoph, Dobaj, Jürgen, Armengaud, Eric, Messnarz, Richard
A Connected Controls and Optimization System for Vehicle Dynamics and Powertrain Operation on a Light-Duty Plug-In Multi-Mode Hybrid Electric Vehicle2020-01-059104/14/2020
This paper presents an overview of the connected controls and optimization system for vehicle dynamics and powertrain operation on a light-duty plug-in multi-mode hybrid electric vehicle developed as part of the DOE ARPA-E NEXTCAR program by Michigan Technological University in partnership with General Motors Co. The objective is to enable a 20% reduction in overall energy consumption and a 6% increase in electric vehicle range of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle through the utilization of connected and automated vehicle technologies. Technologies developed to achieve this goal were developed in two categories, the vehicle control level and the powertrain control level. Tools at the vehicle control level include Eco Routing, Speed Harmonization, Eco Approach and Departure and in-situ vehicle parameter characterization. Tools at the powertrain level include PHEV mode blending, predictive drive-unit state control, and non-linear model predictive control powertrain power split management
Oncken, Joseph, Orlando, Joshua, Bhat, Pradeep K., Narodzonek, Brandon, Morgan, Christopher, Robinette, Darrell, Chen, Bo, Naber, Jeffrey
Computation of Safety Architecture for Electric Power Steering System and Compliance with ISO 262622020-01-064904/14/2020
Nowadays and with the advancement of the automotive industry, functional safety has become one of the most significant challenges for autonomous and connected vehicles. The automotive industry is transforming from conventional driving technology where the driver or the human being is a part of the control loop to fully autonomous development and self-driving mode. The SAE levels of autonomy define level 4 by (These automated driving features will not require you to take over driving). Thus, more and more safety-related electronically controlled units ECUs are deployed in the control module of the vehicle. As a result, more complexity of system architecture, software, and hardware are interacting and interfacing which increases the risk of both systematic and random hardware failures. In order to reduce these risks and avoid any potential failure or loss of control, ISO 26262 was introduced and developed to guide the automotive original equipment manufacturer OEMs and suppliers to
Salih, Saif, Olawoyin, Richard
Data-Driven Framework for Fuel Efficiency Improvement in Extended Range Electric Vehicle Used in Package Delivery Applications2020-01-058904/14/2020
Extended range electric vehicles (EREVs) are a potential solution for fossil fuel usage mitigation and on-road emissions reduction. The use of EREVs can be shown to yield significant fuel economy improvements when proper energy management strategies (EMSs) are employed. However, many in-use EREVs achieve only moderate fuel reduction compared to conventional vehicles due to the fact that their EMS is far from optimal. This paper focuses on in-use rule-based EMSs to improve the fuel efficiency of EREV last-mile delivery vehicles equipped with two-way Vehicle-to-Could (V2C) connectivity. The method uses previous vehicle data collected on actual delivery routes and machine learning methods to improve the fuel economy of future routes. The paper first introduces the main challenges of the project, such as inherent uncertainty in human driver behavior and in the roadway environment. Then, the framework of our practical physics-model guided data-driven approach is introduced. For vehicles
Wang, Pengyue, Northrop, William
Safety Development Trend of the Intelligent and Connected Vehicle2020-01-008504/14/2020
Automotive safety is always the focus of consumers, the selling point of products, the focus of technology. In order to achieve automatic driving, interconnection with the outside world, human-automatic system interaction, the security connotation of intelligent and connected vehicles (ICV) changes: information security is the basis of its security. Functional safety ensures that the system is operating properly. Behavioral safety guarantees a secure interaction between people and vehicles. Passive security should not be weakened, but should be strengthened based on new constraints. In terms of information safety, the threshold for attacking cloud, pipe, and vehicle information should be raised to ensure that ICV system does not fail due to malicious attacks. The cloud is divided into three cloud platforms according to functions: ICVs private cloud, TSP cloud, public cloud. The transmission side classifies three APNs based on usage: enterprise-owned APN, public network APN, and public
Zhao, Fuquan, Tan, Hong, Liu, Zongwei
Augmented Reality Projection for Driver Assistance in Autonomous Vehicles2020-01-103504/14/2020
Augmented Reality (AR), which involves the integration of digital information with our physical environment in real-time, has been steadily growing over the past few years, finding its way into multiple areas of our lives. Augmented Reality (AR) in automotive vehicles has contributed to revolutionizing the way passengers and drivers access information, acquire knowledge and integrate into the physical spaces and destinations visited. The studies produced concerning this field are still limited, particularly in the perception of how users adopt technology and what use they make of it. On the other hand, even more limited are the studies that consider the role of stakeholders in the implementation of AR technology. In this paper, we discuss and propose solutions for following ADAS applications using projection unit mounted on board projecting on the windshield. 5G in your route (signal strength - android applications on HU to detect the signal strength and display it on projection unit
Chandupatla, Srinivas, Yerram, Nalinikanth, Achuthan, Balasubramanian
Utilization of Vehicle Connectivity for Improved Energy Consumption of a Speed Harmonized Cohort of Vehicles2020-01-058704/14/2020
Improving vehicle response through advanced knowledge of traffic behavior can lead to large improvements in energy consumption for the single isolated vehicle. This energy savings across multiple vehicles can even be larger if they travel together as a cohort in harmonization. Additionally, if the vehicles have enough information about their immediate path of travel, and other vehicles’ in that path (and their respective critical forward-looking information), they can safely drive close enough to each other to share aerodynamic load. These energy savings can be upwards of multiple percentage points, and are dependent on several criteria. This analysis looks at criteria that contributes to energy savings for a cohort of vehicles in synchronous motion, as well as describes a study that allows for better understanding of the potential benefits of different types of cohorted vehicles in different platoon arrangements. The basis of this study is a precursor to developing a connected vehicle
Morgan, Christopher, Robinette, Darrell, Santhosh, Pruthwiraj, Bloom-Edmonds, John
Engine and Aftertreatment Co-Optimization of Connected HEVs via Multi-Range Vehicle Speed Planning and Prediction2020-01-059004/14/2020
Connected vehicles (CVs) have situational awareness that can be exploited for control and optimization of the powertrain system. While extensive studies have been carried out for energy efficiency improvement of CVs via eco-driving and planning, the implication of such technologies on the thermal responses of CVs (including those of the engine and aftertreatment systems) has not been fully investigated. One of the key challenges in leveraging connectivity for optimization-based thermal management of CVs is the relatively slow thermal dynamics, which necessitate the use of a long prediction horizon to achieve the best performance. Long-term prediction of the CV speed, unlike the short-range prediction based on vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications-based information, is difficult and error-prone. The multiple timescales inherent to power and thermal systems call for a variable timescale optimization framework with access to short- and long-term
Hu, Qiuhao, Amini, Mohammad R., Feng, Yiheng, Yang, Zhen, Wang, Hao, Kolmanovsky, Ilya, Sun, Jing, Wiese, Ashley, Qiu, Zeng, Buckland, Julia
Analysis of Personal Routing Preference from Probe Data in Cloud2020-01-074004/14/2020
Routing quality always dominates the top 20% of in vehicle- navigation customer complaints. In vehicle navigation routing engines do not customize results based on customer behavior. For example, some users prefer the quickest route while some prefer direct routes. This is because in vehicle navigation systems are traditionally embedded systems. Toyota announced that new model vehicles in JP, CN, US will be connected with routing function switching from the embedded device to the cloud in which there are plenty of probe data uploaded from the vehicles. Probe data makes it possible to analyze user preferences and customize routing profile for users. This paper describes a method to analyze the user preferences from the probe data uploaded to the cloud. The method includes data collection, the analysis model of route scoring and user profiling. Furthermore, the evaluation of the model will be introduced at the end of the paper. The analysis not only focuses on the routes chosen by the
Jin, Xin, Takayama, Toshinori, Yashiro, Ai, Nakamura, Taiki
On-Glass Antenna for Connected Vehicle Communications2020-01-137004/14/2020
In this paper, an aperture coupled glass patch antenna suitable for 5 GHz WLAN/Wi-Fi, Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications is presented. The proposed antenna is embedded into a laminated vehicle window glass. The laminated vehicle window is formed of outer and inner glass plies bonded together by an interposed layer, preferably of a standard polyvinylbutyral (PVB) or similar plastic material. The patch antenna uses the inner layer glass and the PVB layer as antenna substrate. The ground plan of the patch antenna is a layer of silver screen printed onto inner surface of the inner glass. The patch antenna is fed by a coupled aperture on the ground plan; therefore, no hole is required on the glass to feed the antenna. The antenna is conformal to the glass and can be hidden under the black paint around the perimeter of the window glass. The simulated and measured results are shown for the patch antenna and
Dai, David
Reimagining Robotics in a Connected WorldTBMG-3636804/01/2020
The world is increasingly connected. Nearly 60% of the entire world population and more than 90% of the developed world is online. It’s hard to imagine life without the Internet — no smartphone, no online banking, no streaming music or podcasts, no social media, no email. Connecting humans on the Internet has dramatically expanded our individual reach, our capacity to sell globally, and our ability to help others wherever they are.
Harness Wireless IoT Sensors for Integrated Building ManagementTBMG-3615303/01/2020
The Internet of Things (IoT) is proving its impact on the real estate sector. According to forecasts, building automation will lead the growth rate of connected devices in 2020. Smart building endpoints are expected to grow by 42 percent next year, reaching the staggering number of 440 million. Facility managers, real estate owners, as well as commercial and industrial businesses are looking to deploy IoT for its multifold benefits — from augmenting building efficiency and lowering costs, to improving tenants’ experience. These exciting opportunities come from granular insights into disparate aspects of building operations — all accessible from a centralized management platform.
Leading Women in Engineering & Science: Mahsa Nakhjiri, Senior Director of Technical Product Management, FlexTBMG-3624703/01/2020
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Creating a Technological Backbone for Connectivity1289002/11/2020
Technological advancements are the backbone for mass deployment of connected solutions. When Jeff Stewart, Assistant Vice President of Global Public Policy at AT&T, joins host Grayson Brulte at SAE's Government/Industry Meeting, they run the gamut of innovations impacting the world around us. As the world shifts focus to 5G, Jeff shares AT&T's 5G policy, explores what the town of the future looks like and digs into the importance of fiber backhaul for continued advancement.
Hineman, Marcie
Service Specific Permissions and Security Guidelines for Connected Vehicle ApplicationsJ2945/5_202002 (Current)02/05/2020
SAE is developing a number of standards, including the SAE J2945/x and SAE J3161/x series, that specify a set of applications using message sets from the SAE J2735 data dictionary. (“Application” is used here to mean “a collection of activities including interactions between different entities in the service of a collection of related goals and associated with a given IEEE Provider Service Identifier (PSID)”). Authenticity and integrity of the communications for these applications are ensured using digital signatures and IEEE 1609.2 digital certificates, which also indicate the permissions of the senders using Provider Service Identifiers (PSIDs) and Service Specific Permissions (SSPs). The PSID is a globally unique identifier associated with an application specification that unambiguously describes how to build interoperable instances of that application. If the application features multiple activities such that different activities have different security impacts, correspond to
V2X Security Technical Committee
ISP-Vehicle Location Referencing StandardJ1746_201910 (Current)10/03/2019
This SAE Standard is intended to be used for the communication of spatial data references between central sites and mobile vehicles on roads. References can be communicated from central site to vehicles, or from vehicles to central sites. The document may also be used where appropriate by other ITS applications requiring location references between data sets.
Motor Vehicle Council
Maintaining Data Protection and Security for the Connected CarTBMG-3527110/01/2019
The connected car has already become a reality. It is a subject not just electrifying customers and manufacturers but also security researchers and IT experts. And in a worst-case scenario, criminal hackers as well. For years, security experts have observed the fact that the desktop PC is not the only target of digital attacks anymore. A large part of the malware is now customized to hit mobile devices. It would be negligent to believe that this development would leave the connected car unmolested.
Defining an Open System Architecture Standard for Defense SystemsTBMG-3535510/01/2019
For many years now, there have been efforts within the US defense community to adopt “Open System Architecture” principles (or OSA) for defense computing platforms. Stretching back to the mid-2000’s there have been numerous efforts by all service branches to define sets of OSA principles or requirements on the embedded computing systems they procure and deploy. While these efforts have resulted in widespread adoption of POSIX functions for common tasks and a gradual shift in the use of common form factors and technologies such as VPX and Ethernet, there are still wide disparities between products from different suppliers, which creates difficulties for integrators. Product variations also make technology insertions or system configuration changes expensive, time consuming, and often locked to a particular vendor.
Defining an Open System Architecture Standard for Defense Systems19AERP10_0410/01/2019
For many years now, there have been efforts within the US defense community to adopt “Open System Architecture” principles (or OSA) for defense computing platforms. Stretching back to the mid-2000's there have been numerous efforts by all service branches to define sets of OSA principles or requirements on the embedded computing systems they procure and deploy. While these efforts have resulted in widespread adoption of POSIX functions for common tasks and a gradual shift in the use of common form factors and technologies such as VPX and Ethernet, there are still wide disparities between products from different suppliers, which creates difficulties for integrators. Product variations also make technology insertions or system configuration changes expensive, time consuming, and often locked to a particular vendor. In 2019 the US defense embedded computing market underwent a transformation. Started in 2017, the Sensor Open Systems Architecture group (or SOSA) is an organization
Continental Tire rolls towards a smart-and-connected future19AUTP10_0910/01/2019
It is difficult to become emotional about tires except when they-literally-let us down. But tires are set to get smarter, communicate more effectively and react to changing road conditions. Each of these will play a role in meeting the demands of autonomous- and electric-vehicle (AV/EV) development. “They will be tires that take care of themselves and provide highly supported driving,” said Dr. Philipp Struck, Continental Tire's head of tire line development. “Mobile data will be essential as we become more autonomous and drive more EVs.”
Birch, Stuart
Collins Aerospace provides avionics for C-130H modernization programSAE-MA-0000209/03/2019
The Lockheed C-130H Hercules fleet operated by the Air National Guard and U.S. Air Force Reserve is getting new Collins Aerospace Systems avionics that will help extend the life of the legacy aircraft by 20 years.
Kucinski, William
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