Browse Topic: Connectivity

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Feasibility and Performance of Post-Quantum Cryptography on Embedded Systems for Two-Wheeler Security2026-26-06221/16/2026
The proliferation of connectivity features (V2X, OTA updates, diagnostics) in modern two-wheelers significantly expands the attack surface, demanding robust security measures. However, the anticipated arrival of quantum computers threatens to break widely deployed public-key cryptography (RSA, ECC), rendering current security protocols obsolete. This paper addresses the critical need for quantum-resistant security in the automotive domain, specifically focusing on the unique challenges of two-wheeler embedded systems. This work presents an original analytical and experimental evaluation of implementing selected Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) algorithms, primarily focusing on NIST PQC standardization candidates (e.g., lattice-based KEMs/signatures like Kyber/Dilithium), on microcontroller platforms representative of those used in two-wheeler Electronic Control Units (ECUs) – typically ARM Cortex-M series devices characterized by limited computational power, memory (RAM/ROM), and strict
Mishra, Abhigyan
Automotive Cybersecurity Regulatory Framework2026-26-06251/16/2026
During the last few years, cybersecurity has become one of the key aspects in the automotive industry to ensure the safety and security of vehicles throughout their lifecycle. The implementation of new technologies and the goal of deploying fully automated vehicles in the not-so-distant future have created new needs regarding vehicle safety. As the automotive industry shifts toward automated and connected vehicles, the possibility of cyberattacks emerges as a significant concern. To address these challenges, different regulatory bodies and governments worldwide have developed or are developing a new set of regulations and standards with varying approaches to legislate or standardize the minimum criteria that manufacturers must follow to ensure security against potential attacks, adding requirements to ensure the cybersecurity of the vehicles at all levels. At the United Nations level, UN Regulation 155 was introduced in 2021, establishing requirements for manufacturers' cybersecurity
Flix, Oriol, Lujan Tutusaus, Carlos, Hidalgo, Justin
Considerations for Vulnerability Management in the Automotive Industry2026-26-06261/16/2026
With the emergence of Software-Defined Vehicles (SDVs), more complex software and connectivity technologies are introduced to support new advanced use cases. These use cases include, e.g., phone as a key, smart parking, summon vehicle, remote diagnostics and vehicle management. However, complex software functionality and external connectivity also increase the attack surface of vehicles and its ecosystem. As such we have seen various cybersecurity attacks targeting vehicles and OEM backends in the past few years. In this paper, we first perform a classification of recent automotive cybersecurity attacks. We further perform an analysis of these attacks and associated vulnerabilities considering the application of best practices of vulnerability management approaches including Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS), Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS), and Stakeholder-Specific Vulnerability Categorization (SSVC). CVSS is a standardized framework used to assign severity scores to
Oka, Dennis Kengo, Vadamalu, Raja Sangili
Cybersecurity in Automotive OTA Update Systems and Software Store2026-26-06211/16/2026
Automotive Over-the-Air (OTA) software updating has become a cornerstone of the modern connected vehicle, enabling manufacturers to remotely deploy bug fixes, security patches, and new features. However, this convenience comes with significant cybersecurity challenges. This paper provides a detailed examination of automotive OTA update security and the associated software store (software Applications & services store) mechanisms. I discuss the current industry standards and regulations - notably ISO/SAE 21434 and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) regulations UN R155 (cybersecurity) and UN R156 (software updates) - and explain their relevance to secure OTA and software update management. I then explore the Uptane framework, an open and widely-adopted architecture specifically designed to secure automotive OTA updates. Next, OTA-specific threat models are analyzed, detailing potential attack vectors (such as malicious update injection, man-in-the-middle attacks
Kurumbudel, Prashanth Ram
Next-Gen Automotive: Enablers and Monetization for Automotive SaaS and Software Defined Vehicles2026-26-06871/16/2026
The automotive industry is undergoing a paradigm shift, changing its model from hardware-centric products to software-driven platforms. It is driven by two underlying paradigms: the emergence of Software-Defined Vehicles (SDVs) and the increasing adoption of Automotive Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) models. Together, these trends are transforming the way the industry generates value, engages with customers, and builds new revenue models. This research examines the most important technical pillars underpinning next-generation automotive ecosystem creation. Of these pillars, centralized computing infrastructures, embedded cloud integration, efficient over-the-air (OTA) update engines, and enhanced cybersecurity models designed to protect larger numbers of connected vehicles are observed. It also evaluates the imperative significance of digital identity management to provide improved personalized experience, the critical role of edge computing to ensure real-time processing, and the promise
Saini, Gourav, Jahagirdar, Shweta, Khandekar, Dhiraj Baburao
Real-time Intrusion Detection System (IDS) for Vehicle Networks Using Machine Learning for Predictive Threat Analysis2026-26-06171/16/2026
The rapid adoption of connected vehicle technologies and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) necessitates robust security mechanisms capable of identifying and mitigating sophisticated cyber threats in real-time. Traditional signature-based intrusion detection systems (IDS) are often inadequate in addressing the dynamic and evolving nature of automotive cybersecurity threats, particularly in modern vehicle networks like Controller Area Network (CAN), CAN with Flexible Data-Rate (CAN-FD), and Automotive Ethernet. This research introduces a novel Real-time Intrusion Detection System utilizing advanced Machine Learning (ML) techniques designed specifically for automotive network environments. The proposed IDS framework employs supervised and unsupervised ML algorithms, including anomaly detection, behavioral analytics, and predictive threat modeling, to achieve high accuracy and rapid threat identification capabilities. Through extensive testing in simulated and actual vehicle
chaudhary lng, Vikash, Desai, Manoj, Chatterjee, Avik
Software-Defined Vehicles: Architecting the Future of Intelligent and Connected Mobility2026-26-06911/16/2026
The rise of Software-Defined Vehicles (SDVs) marks a fundamental shift in automotive design, where software, rather than hardware, defines vehicle capabilities. This review explores the SDV paradigm within Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), emphasizing centralized computing, over-the-air (OTA) updates, and service-oriented architectures (SOA). Key enablers such as high-performance computing units, middleware platforms (e.g., AUTOSAR Adaptive), and digital twins support scalable, flexible software deployment and real-time functionality. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) enhance features like predictive maintenance, driver personalization, and autonomous decision-making. However, SDVs also introduce complex challenges, including software validation, real-time performance, and system interoperability. Cybersecurity becomes critical, especially as vehicles interface with cloud platforms, edge computing, and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) networks. The paper also
Ahmad, Aqueel, Hemanth, Khimavath, Kumar, Om, Kumar, Rajiv, Haregaonkar, Rushikesh Sambhaji
Security monitoring for High Performance Vehicle Computers2026-26-06271/16/2026
With the increasing connectivity of modern vehicles, cybersecurity threats have become a critical concern. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) play a vital role in securing in-vehicle networks and embedded vehicle computers from malicious attacks. This presentation shares about an IDS framework designed specifically for POSIX-based operating systems used in vehicle computers, leveraging system-level monitoring, anomaly detection, and signature-based methods to identify potential security breaches. The proposed IDS integrates lightweight behavioral analysis to ensure minimal computational overhead while effectively detecting unauthorized access, privilege escalation, communication interface monitoring etc. By employing a combination of rules and systems datapoints, the system enhances threat detection accuracy without compromising real-time performance. Practical series deployments demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in mitigating cyber threats in automotive environments
Shukla, Siddharth, Chatterjee lng, Avik
Unlocking Edge AI in Software-Defined Vehicles: Balancing model complexity, compute resources, and data access2026-26-06861/16/2026
The potential of Edge AI in automotive goes beyond ADAS and automated driving. AI-driven optimizations in driving efficiency, in-cabin personalization, predictive maintenance, and enhanced safety require intelligent processing at the vehicle edge. However, integrating AI into current vehicle electrical/electronic architectures (EEAs) presents significant challenges. This paper examines how AI models can run on general-purpose ECUs, gateways, and domain controllers while balancing model complexity, compute resources, and data availability. We explore trade-offs, architectural choices, and the need for software configurability to ensure AI models evolve with new data and vehicle parameters. We conclude by providing a glimpse into Sonatus’ latest AI product that encapsulates a holistic approach optimized for vehicle platforms—spanning cloud-based model development, optimization, and validation to in-vehicle inference—that unlocks the potential of Edge AI and SDVs for the automotive
Sah, Mohamadali, Khatri, Sanjay
Leveraging Telematics Big Data Analytics for Real-Time Monitoring of Catalytic Converter Failures and Root Cause Identification for Emission Compliance2026-26-05911/16/2026
The automotive industry is continuously evolving at high pace to meet rising customer expectations, reliability, reduced maintenance, and most relevant, compliance with stringent emission norms. Traditionally, the analysis of vehicle emissions relies heavily on periodic inspections and manual checks. These conventional methods are often time-consuming, prone to human error, and lack the ability to provide real-time insights. Also, identifying Catalytic converter failures due to non-manufacturing issues require meticulous physical inspections and historical data reviews, which are not always accurate or timely. Telematics or Connected cars technology being one of the major technological innovations in recent times revolutionizes these processes by enabling real-time data exchange between vehicles and external systems. The current study presents an innovative approach to utilizing telematics data for real-time monitoring of vehicle emissions and pinpointing Catalytic converter failures
DEV, Triyambak, Prasad, Kakaraparti Agam, Kalkur, Varun, Modak, Saikat, AGARWAL, Shashank, Chandra, Animesh, Paul, Varsha, Garg, Amit, Sundararaman, Venkataraman, Bose, Sushant
Reducing Risk in Safety Critical Systems through Early Safety Case Development and Dialectic Arguments2026-26-00441/16/2026
The rapid evolution of modern automotive systems—powered by advancements in autonomous driving, and connected vehicle technologies— pose fundamental challenges to design and integration. Ensuring the safety of these highly interconnected, software-driven systems, with the widespread reuse of components across platforms. This growing complexity calls for a more structured and rigorous approach to safety assurance than traditional methods. Traditional safety cases tend to take a linear, justification-focused approach that mainly focuses on positive assertions —statements of compliance or success—while giving limited attention to potential weaknesses, or gaps in supporting evidence. This practice may lead to criticism that such arguments are “too positive,” portraying an overly optimistic view of system safety without sufficiently acknowledging areas of unresolved risk. As a result, conventional approaches for developing safety case may overlook complex interactions, assumptions, and
Kumar, Amrendra, Bagalwadi, Saurabh, McMurran, Ross
High-Performance Computing for Software-Defined EV Powertrains: Design and Real-Time Validation with NXP S32E278 Domain Controller2026-26-06841/16/2026
Software-Defined Vehicles (SDVs) are redefining the automotive landscape by decoupling hardware from software and enabling dynamic, over-the-air updates, advanced control strategies, and real-time decision-making. To support this transformation, EV powertrain systems require high-performance computing (HPC) platforms capable of real-time control, data processing, and cross-domain communication. This paper introduces a fully SDV-compatible EV powertrain architecture built around the NXP S32E278 domain controller, which integrates a multi-core, lockstep-enabled processor specifically designed for zonal control and automotive functional safety. To meet the bandwidth and latency demands of modern SDV applications, the system replaces conventional CAN-based communication with automotive Ethernet, enabling gigabit data transfer, Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN), and low-latency coordination across software-defined control domains. The S32E executes critical functions such as field-oriented
Pawar, Ganesh, Inamdar, Sumer Deepak, Kumar, Mayank, Deosarkar, Pankaj, Tayade, Nikhil, Kanse, Dattatray, Chopade, Vipul
Self-supervised diagnostics & prognostics framework for predictive maintenance in electric vehicles2026-26-06731/16/2026
Predictive maintenance is essential for enhancing the reliability, safety, and operational efficiency of connected vehicles. However, traditional supervised learning approaches for fault prediction depend heavily on large, labeled datasets of failure events, which are often scarce and expensive to obtain in real-world automotive environments. This paper proposes an original self-supervised anomaly detection framework that predicts emerging failures using only healthy operational data, eliminating the need for explicit failure labels. The approach employs self-supervised pretext tasks, such as masked signal reconstruction and future telemetry prediction, to learn robust representations of normal multi-sensor behavior (e.g., temperature, pressure, current, vibration). An unsupervised anomaly detection model then identifies deviations from these learned patterns. This integrated with data-informed predictive models enable early detection of faults across critical subsystems such as
Kumar, Pankaj, Deole, Kaushik, Hivarkar, Umesh
NVH Challenges in Head Up Display (HUD) Design for Modern Connected Vehicles: Balancing Performance and Structural Dynamics2026-26-03541/16/2026
A more recent focus on driver comfort and the increasing demand for access to information make automotive OEMs provide advanced features such as Head Up Display systems. Even though HUD projects vital information onto the windshield/glass, its structural integration comes with significant noise and vibration challenges, leading to noisier in-cabin, display instability and haziness. This paper discusses the significant design parameters influencing the in-cabin NVH levels and functional effectiveness of HUD systems. The structure considered for analysis is the HUD assembly and its integration in vehicle. CCB turns out to be the critical component of the vehicle structure susceptible to road excitations although its mass dampens the vibrations inherently, due to the low mass of the HUD, relative oscillation between its projector, mirror, and either the windshield or display causes image distortion. In addition, the fan incorporated to cool the projector possess threat to in-cabin sound
Vardhanan K, Aravindha Vishnu, Titave, Uttam
Risk Based Security Monitoring Framework for CAN network2026-26-06161/16/2026
There is rapidly increasing advancement in Connectivity, Autonomous, Subscription and Electrification features in vehicles which are being developed. These trends have resulted in an increase in attack surface and security risks on vehicles. To handle these growing risks, it has become important to include passive security systems such as Intrusion detection systems (IDS) which can detect successful or possible attempts of intrusion into vehicle systems compromising their security. In vehicles based on Zonal Architecture, two types of IDS can be implemented, Network based IDS (NIDS) and Host Based IDS (HIDS). The NIDS is implemented in Gateway Electronic Control Unit (ECU) and can monitor multiple networks connected to Gateway, whereas the HIDS usually monitors one single host ECU. Extensive research material is available on NIDS for CAN Networks. For example, the CAN Network in a vehicle is monitored for various abnormal behaviours such as increased busload and invalid signal values
E L, Nanda Kumar, Mutagi, Megha, Sonnad, Preeti, Sharma, Dhiraj
Swarm-Inspired Cooperative Mapping for Urban Autonomous Navigation2026-26-06351/16/2026
Urban autonomous vehicles today largely rely on individually built maps or centralized cloud services—both rigid under intermittent connectivity and rapid scene changes (construction, pop-up events). Inspired by how ant colonies collectively explore, we introduce a decentralized protocol: each vehicle broadcasts compressed “map particles” embedded with virtual pheromone values that highlight zones of high uncertainty or recent change. Neighboring vehicles incorporate these signals to prioritize sensing and route planning. A lightweight consensus algorithm merges local graphs into a shared dynamic map, resilient to network splits. The result, a bio-inspired SLAM that enables fleets to adapt on the fly to evolving cityscapes, boosting safety, efficiency, and robustness.
Bhargav, Anirudh S, Subbarao, Chitrashree
Development of a HIL Based Methodology for Over-The-Air Updates Validation2026-26-04801/16/2026
Over-the-Air (OTA) update technology has come forth as a transformative aider in the domain of automotive technology, allowing Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and Tier-1 suppliers of Electric vehicles (EVs) to frequently make software modifications, enhancements, and bug fixes that are essential to optimize the performance of powertrain components such as the motor controller unit (MCU), Battery Management System (BMS), and Vehicle Control Unit (VCU). This facilitates them to remotely supply updates to the vehicle firmware and software by giving inputs of calibration data without requiring physical access to the vehicle. However, as OTA updates have a direct impact on vehicle’s performance, safety and cybersecurity, a stringent e integration of Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation into the OTA validation pipeline as a means to ensure reliability, safety, and functional correctness of updates before they are applied in the field. We present a structured approach of combining
Khare, Shivani, Karle, Ujjwala, Subramaniam, Anand
Intelligent Sequential Charging Control via Fleet-Managed Cloud System2026-26-02071/16/2026
Electric Vehicles (EV) are increasingly becoming more and more popular in the markets, especially in the commercial vehicle segments. Amidst this, the need to find new elegant methods to perform charging of EV battery becomes extremely crucial. In areas with high demand and limited power capacity, performing charging for multiple vehicles necessitates efficient usage of charging infrastructure, which can’t be guaranteed by the traditional charging methods. Sequential charging is a new state of art technique for managing the charging of multiple EV’s simultaneously connected to a single charging station. Rather than dividing the available power equally among all connected vehicles or charging them one at a time, this technique dynamically allocates power based on various factors such as charging priority, vehicle needs and available infrastructure capacity. Currently, sequential Charging can only be implemented by a particular set of chargers that are interconnected via backend and
De, Abir, Bhattacharya, Ullash, Parihar, Aakash
Connected Traffic Warnings for Enhanced Commercial Trucking Safety2026-26-06801/16/2026
Commercial trucking forms the backbone of global supply chains, but the consistently high number of truck-related fatalities emphasises the pressing need for enhanced safety systems. Connected safety systems present a significant opportunity to mitigate risks and prevent collisions by providing commercial vehicle operators with real-time hazard alerts. This paper delves into the operational mechanisms and potential benefits of such warning systems within the trucking industry. These systems function by establishing a network of connected vehicles capable of detecting and communicating hazardous situations through a centralised, cloud-based platform. By seamlessly integrating real-time telemetry data from individual trucks with information sourced from third-party providers, weather services, the system gains an understanding of prevailing road conditions. This allows for the identification of potential dangers such as traffic accidents, ongoing road construction or maintenance
Madarla, Manoj, George, Basil, Gangapuram, Siva, Hegde, Subrahmanya, Mukherjee, Shubhobroto, Dixith, Sampreetha, Hegde, Preetham
Optimal test strategy for Clusters & CDCs in ever evolving multi power train vehicle ecosystem2026-26-05691/16/2026
Innovation in energy storage and generation system will lead to multiple power train solutions across the vehicle categories in the Automotive segment. With various options to the end consumer across different vehicle segments, the complexity associated with E/E Architecture and software engineering will be multi-fold both for the OEMs and Suppliers. Over the air updates shall become mandatory features to manage this complexity and to calibrate the vehicle features inline with changing trends and efficiency plus feature enhancements in post-market release scenarios. These upgrades are more common in digital clusters, in-vehicle entrainment and central digital cockpits. OEMs are introducing the vehicle platforms in multiple power train variants keeping comfort, instrument clusters and in-vehicle entertainment as core features across different power trains. A well-defined and managed comprehensive optimal test strategy and infrastructure will be critical to ensure seamless release of the
RAJARAM, Saravanan, Venkata, Parameswaran, Naik, Venkatesh
Testing AS Spec 07212025 (without alternateExternalId)AS-07212025 (Current)7/21/2025
Testing AS Spec 07212025 (without alternateExternalId)
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
How Will TSN Ethernet Impact the Future of Embedded Computing for Aerospace and Defense Applications?25AERP03_063/1/2025
Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) Ethernet is a real-time networking capability that is being developed by a growing number of embedded computing companies for the earliest stages of adoption by aerospace and defense manufacturers and their suppliers. According to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) TSN working group, it is a set of standards that provides deterministic connectivity within IEEE 802-aligned networks. Nigel Forrester is the Director of Product Strategy for Concurrent Technologies, a UK-based provider of high performance embedded computing solutions for aerospace, defense and many other industries. Check out our interview with Forrester about the potential impact of TSN Ethernet on new and legacy aerospace and defense applications, and how it is being adopted by manufacturers and system integrators below.
Testing Methods for Advanced Intelligent Driving Systems Based on Natural Driving Behavior Characteristics2025-01-71472/21/2025
The technology of advanced intelligent driving systems equipped in intelligent and connected vehicles evolves rapidly, while the corresponding testing and evaluation standards lag behind. To propose new testing methods for advanced intelligent driving systems, this study first identifies typical intelligent driving functions through extensive research. Based on the distribution characteristics of natural driving scenarios, a series of test cases for these typical functions are developed. By employing simulation methods and the "logical scenario-critical scenario-experimental scenario" mechanism, the generalized test cases are filtered, enabling the rapid extraction of high-value test cases for real-world field testing and validation. Finally, the typical intelligent driving functions of advanced driving systems are analyzed and evaluated from the perspectives of perception and decision-making, as well as control operations. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed testing
Mo, Jingyue, Wu, Biao, Ma, Zhixiong, Ren, Hongze, He, Jiacan
ZF builds ‘middleware’ to address vehicle software escalation21AUTP03_091/27/2025
Acknowledging the emergence of the “software-defined” vehicle, ZF announced that it is in the process of developing a “middleware” platform designed to facilitate communication between a typical new vehicle's ballooning number of software-controlled components and systems. Company engineers and executives said the first vehicles leveraging the new middleware will be on the road in 2024, but the platform is being created because the industry has to grasp “what the car will look like in the 2030s,” said Dirk Walliser, senior VP - corporate R&D, Innovation & Technology for ZF Friedrichshafen AG. Coinciding with the undertaking to create its middleware platform, ZF also announced it is establishing a Global Software Center to, according to a release, prepare for “new challenges in the triad of software, functions and smart systems” and to proactively pursue “numerous development processes.” Opening in 2021, the Global Software Center will be headed by Nico Hartmann, VP, Software Solutions
Visnic, Bill
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Scaling Connected Vehicles with Over-The-Air Updates1349212/17/2024
As the automotive world shifts toward fully software-defined vehicles (SDVs), many OEMs are hesitant to embrace a consumer-driven model for over-the-air (OTA) updates. Enter Sibros, a company offering holistic OTA software that enables automakers to achieve scalable, software-defined mobility. By providing AI-powered insights that deliver continuous product and service enhancements, OEMs can harness Sibros' single no-code platform to monitor, control and optimize SDVs, thus accelerating time-to-market, reducing code defects and enabling hundreds of connected vehicle use cases at global scale. This presents unique value for consumers, OEMs, commercial fleet operators, and even off-road sectors like agriculture and mining. To learn more, we sat down with Hemant Sikaria, CEO & Co-Founder, Sibros, to discuss the impact of his company's groundbreaking technology, how insurance and regulation come into play, and the importance of robust security measures to ensure the responsible growth of
Hineman, Marcie
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Scaling 2 Million Miles in Autonomous Trucking134779/16/2024
Get ready for COMVEC 2024 with a rewind of Episode 235! We're honored to have Continental as the Executive Leadership sponsor of COMVEC, the leading forum for global experts in the commercial vehicle industry taking place September 10-12 in Schaumburg, IL. Join us as we network, exchange ideas, and get up to date on CV research and technology. Learn more and register now. A traditional Class 8 truck is on the road for a million miles or more over its lifetime. For autonomous trucks, that number could double to two million or more -- and that requires a specialty focus on scalability and safety. Enter Continental Automotive, a multinational automotive parts manufacturer pioneering technologies and services for the sustainable and connected mobility of people and goods. Continental has partnered with Aurora to commercially scale autonomous trucking systems. Together, they recently finalized the completion of the blueprint and design of the future Aurora Driver hardware and fallback
Hineman, Marcie
SAE TOMORROW TODAY BRIEFS: Extending Battery Life with Software134697/24/2024
What if you could give your EV a range boost via an over-the-air software update? It's possible with the software defined battery. By augmenting battery chemistry with intelligent algorithms and machine learning, Qnovo supplies the most advanced battery management software to the world's leading smartphone, automotive and energy storage manufacturers. With cutting-edge features like super-fast charging, more available battery capacity, and longer lifespan, Qnovo is creating the energy storage systems of the future. Roberto Baldwin, Sustainability Editor, SAE Sustainable Mobility Solutions, sits down with Nadim Maluf, Co-founder and CEO, to discuss how Qnovo is extending the life of batteries, helping to balance the grid, and even expanding into aerospace. For more information on the evolution of sustainability, head on over to sustainablecareers.sae.org. There you can learn about how the joint venture between Rivian and Volkswagen will impact EV manufacturing in the United States.
Hineman, Marcie
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Scaling 2 Million Miles in Autonomous Trucking134687/23/2024
A traditional Class 8 truck is on the road for a million miles or more over its lifetime. For autonomous trucks, that number could double to two million or more--and that requires a specialty focus on scalability and safety. Enter Continental Automotive, a multinational automotive parts manufacturer pioneering technologies and services for the sustainable and connected mobility of people and goods. Continental has partnered with Aurora to commercially scale autonomous trucking systems. Together, they recently finalized the completion of the blueprint and design of the future Aurora Driver hardware and fallback system. To learn more, we sat down with Phil McEwen, Vice President and General Manager, Commercial and Special Vehicles North America, Continental Automotive, to discuss the importance of safety in autonomous trucking technology, the partnership with Aurora, and the future of autonomy. We're also honored to have Continental as the Executive Leadership sponsor of COMVEC, the
Hineman, Marcie
Liv-in vehicle of the future2024-26-02371/16/2024
Liv-in vehicle of the future is a pioneer providing sustainable, highly customizable electric LCV solutions offering automated to autonomous driving, seamless connectivity to customers' ecosystems, peace-of-mind reliability and improved productivity and profitability. For flexibility, versatility, and economies of scale, modularity is essential. With a modular EV design, different vehicle models can share the same platform or components. This can accelerate development and provide manufacturing efficiencies, resulting in significant cost savings. With modular components parts sourcing is more efficient, and inventory management, processing, and storage are simplified. One plant can produce multiple vehicle variants far more easily and efficiently, with less complexity of retooling and physical layout changes. Advantages a) Reduced design and development costs. b) A flexible architecture that can be used for a variety of vehicle types. c) Economies of scale. d) Proven performance from
Dias, Francis Anton, Mane, Sushant
Method of Generating Real-Time Digital Customer Feedback Loop for Connected Vehicle Applications.2024-26-02581/16/2024
Modern cars are essentially computers on wheels in terms of the technology stack going into the car. Similarly, the customer experience is gone beyond the conventional touch and feel to more digital experiences around the car. While creating digital experiments around the car, getting honest customer feedback on the same is essential. Getting customer feedback in real-time and at scale is a challenge. Generally, this is limited to surveys and campaigns OEMs do to collect specific intent. In this paper, we propose a method of generating a real-time customer digital feedback loop. This method relay on real-time sourcing of data from openly available sources like Twitter, mobile app stores, etc. The real-time collected data is run through an analytics system. The analytics system contains four key stages, data preparation, sentiment segmentation, topic modelling and inference presentation. This paper in detail covers advanced machine learning techniques like natural language processing
Tidke, Pradeep, Venugopal, Vaisakh, Shukla, Manoj, Jali, Nagarjuna, Rathod, Chirag
Regulatory trends for enhancement of Road Safety2024-26-01651/16/2024
Various Advanced Driver Assistance systems are being introduced to the Indian Market with the aim of reducing the road fatalities and injuries leading to severe trauma. India being one of the largest markets for the automobile sector always stands committed towards providing safe and sustainable transportation to its citizens. Advanced Driver Systems such as Anti-lock Braking Systems (ABS), Autonomous Emergency Braking systems (AEBS), Lane Departure Warning Systems, Auto Lane Correction Systems, Driver Drowsiness Monitoring Systems, Speed Limiting and Assisting Systems, Automated Crusing Control Systems, Automated Commanded Steering Functions, Traffic Jam assist systems etc., assist the driver during driving. They tend to reduce road accidents and related fatalities by their advanced and artificial intelligent fed programs. This paper will share an insight on the past, recent and the upcoming developments in the regulations with respect to driver assist systems, that are being enforced
Nayak, Pratik, Rawal, Vishal, Patil, Kamalesh, Tandon, Vikram, Badusha, Akbar
Comparison between state of art performance parameter of GaN and SiC Converters for electric vehicle application.2024-26-01341/16/2024
Various aspects of vehicle design, such as powertrain, infotainment, connectivity, and driving assistance systems, are undergoing significant advancements and innovations in the automotive industry. To enhance the performance and efficiency of electric vehicles, designers are exploring advanced technologies beyond the conventional silicon-based solutions. One such technology that is gaining popularity is the use of wide-bandgap materials like silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) for power-semiconductor devices in electric vehicles. Wide-bandgap-based hard-switching voltage source converters made of these materials are superior to their silicon counterparts in terms of efficiency, but their performance depends on their utilization at high switching frequencies. To determine the best technology for future electric vehicle applications, researchers compared the efficiency of SiC and GaN devices by analyzing factors such as blocking voltage, conduction loss, switching loss, and
Mehrotra, Soumya, Ray, Rakesh Kumar, Pandey, Devbrat, Naithani, Hardik
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Michigan: The New Epicenter of Aerospace133802/9/2023
As the birthplace of the automotive industry and the home of several aviation firsts, Michigan offers unique advantages to the rapidly expanding space economy. To make the most of this opportunity, the Michigan Aerospace Manufacturers Association (MAMA) has convened three public-private partnerships: the Michigan Launch Initiative, Space-Enabled Communications for Advanced Mobility, and the Mid-America Hypersonic Suborbital Test Range. These programs provide a collaborative platform for public-private partners to support satellite launch capabilities, test commercial and national security applications, and expand 5G connectivity, among other opportunities. We sat down with Gavin P. Brown, Executive Director, MAMA, to discuss these exciting initiatives and learn how the organization is positioning Michigan as a leader in all phases of aerospace manufacturing -- from tool and die all the way through final assembly --by leaning on the state's rich automotive and aviation history.
Hineman, Marcie
Risk Management for Cybersecure Networked Medical DevicesTBMG-464609/1/2022
For developers and manufacturers of networked medical devices, IT security is increasingly becoming a challenge. While the number of cyber threats is growing significantly, companies often lack experience and clear guidelines for medical security. A comprehensive and complete security risk management plan helps to meet existing requirements in the best possible way and helps develop efficient countermeasures.
Doing Verification Better! If VHDL is so good, why do we need UVM? 2022-26-11735/26/2022
In today’s world, complex electronic systems demand integration of an increasing number of functionalities in the form of various IP cores into a single chip or System-On-Chip (SOC). System-level functional verification of such massive SOCs is also increasingly becoming more complex. As design engineers create more functionally dense chips, the functional verification methodology is parallelly advancing to provide modern techniques resulting in independent, scalable, and reusable verification IP components. Modern-day SOCs strongly require verification architectures with extended reusability and easier accessibility. This paper highlights the pros and cons of shifting from legacy test-bench modeling strategies to more scalable, reusable, and efficient methodologies. Conventional methodology does not support features like randomization, factory registration, callbacks, configuration database etc., without which thorough verification seems difficult. The aim of the paper is to portray
Dwivedi, Neha, Mookim, Sanjana
Future of Automotive Embedded Hardware Trust Anchors2022-01-01343/29/2022
The current automotive electronic and electrical (EE) architecture has reached its scalability limit and in order to adapt to the new and upcoming requirements, novel automotive EE architectures are currently being investigated to support: a) the Ethernet backbone, b) consolidation of hardware capabilities leading to a centralized architecture from an existing distributed architecture, c) optimization of wiring to reduce cost, and d) adaptation of service-oriented architectures. These requirements lead to the development of Zonal EE architectures that require appropriate adaptation of used security mechanisms and the corresponding utilized trust anchors. And while current architecture (ECU internal and in-vehicle networking) approaches are being pushed to their limits, simultaneously, the current embedded security solutions also seem to reveal their limitations due to an increase in connectivity. In conjunction with an increasing number of related laws and regulations (such as UNECE
Ambekar, Abhijit, Schmidt, Karsten, Schneider, Rolf, Dannebaum, Udo
Vehicular communication(V2V) based secure software update for connected vehicles2022-01-01383/29/2022
Modern vehicle complexity which is reflected in terms of number of ECUs carrying millions of lines of code in order to achieve the modern autonomous/driver assistance and connected vehicle functionalities requires an obligatory task of providing and managing the software efficiently throughout the lifecycle of the vehicle from OEMs. The OEMs performs the functions of ensuring improved performance as well as rectifying faulty software/firmware that may prove detrimental with respect to safety and security of vehicles. The software updations involves service center and manual efforts to update the various ECUs using dedicated tools, which involves huge cost and time overheads, and also carry customer dis-satisfaction. The proposed system involves the software updations over a remote vehicular communication platforms for the connected vehicles, which is unbiased of mentioned overheads. The vehicular communication based software update includes secure transfer along with installation and
Ansari, Asadullah, D H, Sharath, P.C., Karthik, Meitei, Wangam, Aziz, Mohammad, CHIDAMBARAM, VIVEK
Challenges of Complex Software Development for Emerging Technologies in Automotive Industry: Bridging the Gap of Knowledge Between the Industry Practitioners2022-01-01673/29/2022
Automotive is one of the most rapidly growing industries in the world. The topics such as ride-sharing, connectivity, electrification and automation saw the fast changes in the industry. These include the more extended influence of software and computer science expertise into the previously more mechanical-engineering based industry. However, complex software development is relatively new for the automotive industry, which brings a lot of previously not seen challenges. For example, changes in development methodology have seen the discussions of agile methodology adoption into the said industry. Besides that, traditional inheritances from software engineering perspective such as 'technical debt' and 'feature prioritization' due to unsystematized software development should also be discussed. To yield the new innovations into the market safely, the challenges of software development for emerging technologies in the automotive industry should be understood. This paper highlights the
Abdul Hamid, Umar Zakir, Zaman, Mohammed Tousif, Irimescu , Doru Stefan
Green Light Optimized Speed Advisory with Traffic Preview2022-01-01743/29/2022
By utilizing the vehicle to infrastructure communication, the conventional Green Light Optimized Speed Advisory (GLOSA) applications give speed advisory range for drivers to travel to pass at the green light. However, these systems do not consider the traffic between the ego vehicle and the traffic light location, resulting in inaccurate speed advisories. Therefore, the driver needs to intuitively adjust the vehicle's speed to pass at the green light and avoid traffic in these scenarios. Furthermore, inaccurate speed advisories may result in unnecessary acceleration and deceleration, resulting in poor fuel efficiency and comfort. To address these shortcomings of conventional GLOSA, in this study, we proposed the utilization of collaborative perception messages shared by smart infrastructures to create an enhanced speed advisory for the connected vehicle drivers and automated vehicles. Two different algorithms were designed by utilizing the available traffic preview (Signal Phase and
Cantas, Mustafa Ridvan, Surnilla, Gopichandra
Identifying Cybersecurity Focus Areas in Connected Cars Based on United Nations Regulation No. 155 Attack Vectors and Beyond2022-01-01413/29/2022
The arrival of 5G will enable vehicles to become better connected. In order to allow this evolution to manifest safely, the UNECE World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29) introduced the United Nations Regulation No. 155(UN-R155) this January, with expectations that at least 54 countries will mandate it starting July 2022. This regulation provides 69 attack vectors manufacturers are required to secure against, although it does not include specific countermeasures. Security methods and corresponding technologies change with time and are influenced by evolving connected car technologies as well as the threat landscape. Implementing effective cybersecurity means conducting a thorough risk analysis and prioritizing what needs to be achieved. Trend Micro Research conducted a risk analysis on each of the 69 attack vectors from a current and future perspective. In addition, we went beyond the attack vectors listed in UN-R155. Using our own analysis and insights, we brought
Huq, Numaan, Vosseler, Rainer
The Digital Foundation Platform - A Multi-layered SOA Architecture for Intelligent Connected Vehicle Operating System2022-01-01163/29/2022
The advancement of E/E architecture has made modern EV a sophisticated and high performance computing system. High level AD/ADAS functions and applications require real time and accurate perception, localization, fusion, planning and control using computer vision or deep learning based AI algorithms to ensure functional safety and comfort user experiences. Legacy AD/ADAS development from OEMs centers around developing functions on ECUs using services provided by Autosar CP to meet automobile grade and mass production requirements. Additionally, Autosar AP has been maturing and provide richer services and function abstractions. Still the applications development and supporting system software and closely coupled together, this makes application development and enhancement less scalable or flexible, resulting in longer development cycle and slower time to market. This paper presents a multi-layered, service-oriented autonomous driving operating system foundation (we called it Digital
yu, david
2.0.105 - Piston Sealing System Structure Design for Automobile's Lightweight Auto-TransmissionSAE-PP-004359/24/2021
Current automobile's auto-transmission has problems of defects and cost reduction because of welding process and very complicated assembly process due to individualized transmission piston and sealing components. Also, size and heavy weight of transmission piston components are the source of low mileage because they are made of aluminum, steel material. In this study, therefore, we perform structure design for piston sealing system which integrates piston and sealing material for automobile's lightweight auto-transmission. Also performed stress analysis through finite element analysis to secure required suitable strength when internal pressure is applied after assemble.
Mutagaana, Festo
A New Catalyst Technology to overcome Diffusion and Transport Limitations2021-26-02109/22/2021
The purification efficiency of exhaust gas catalysts depends on several factors. One of the most important factors is the diffusivity of the exhaust gases in the catalytic coating layer, especially at moderate to high temperature and space velocity conditions. Porous silica, γ-alumina, zirconia, carbons and many other porous crystalline materials that are commonly used as catalysts and catalyst supports are traversed by a labyrinth of tortuous micro and mesopores. If the connectivity is very low, the labyrinth of pores becomes more difficult to penetrate, increasing the overall “tortuosity” and slowing down the transportation of gas molecules within catalyst layers. A new approach to overcome these diffusion and transport limitations in an exhaust gas catalyst is to create an interconnected network of mesopores and macropores via increase in void fractions within the washcoat components and layers. In this study, various organic and inorganic pyrolyzable pore forming agents (PFAs) were
Gaur, Kanishka, Muthusamy, Vishnuvarthan, Mishra, Sushil, Kukreti, Sumit, Rajan, Bosco, Bartley, Gordon, Trigunayat, Alok
“Connected Vehicles – A Testing Approach and Methodology”2021-26-04509/22/2021
With the introduction of Connected vehicles, it is possible to extend the limited horizon of vehicles on the road by collective perceptions, where vehicles periodically share their information with others vehicles / servers using cloud. Nevertheless, by the time the connected vehicle spread expands, it is critical to understand the validation techniques which can be used to ensure a flawless transfer of data and connectivity. Usually the connected vehicle validation is limited to Application layer only in most of the OEMs. However in this work, we focus on validation of all the 4 layers involved namely, Physical hardware layer, Communication layer, Cloud platform and Application layer. For physical and communication layer, we simulated the in-vehicle environment using standalone vehicle electronic control units (ECUs) which communicate with the telematics control unit (TCU) available in the vehicle and a localized load box for replicating the actual load cases. By applying various use
PATHAK, ISHA, Shinde, Vivek
EVALUATION OF PROTECTED BOOT MECHANISM IN AUTOMOTIVE DOMAIN2021-26-05069/22/2021
In the recent years the electronics and software in the car has been increased with the request of new features. Todays vehicles are vulnerable to cyber-attacks due to their connectivity with internet and infrastructure. Due to this security in the automotive domain has gained importance. Earlier the software updates were done at the service station and probability of tampering the software was less. As the vehicles are connected through internet, the car manufacturers are shifting towards over the air updates (OTA). It should be ensured that only authentic software is executed on the micro controller. Protected boot is a security control used to ensure authentic software is executed on the microcontroller. Protected boot is a mechanism in which authenticity and integrity of the software is checked during the booting phase by using the chain of Trust mechanism. Protected boot can be achieved by using authenticated boot or secure boot mechanism. Integrity of the software is ensured by
Panchakseri, Shashikiran, Karabasannavar, Mahesh
0071 - Testing DownloadSAE-PP-004209/13/2021
The combustion occurring in an internal combustion engine subsequently emits high-intensity acoustic pulse along with exhaust gas flow. Formula SAE competition is imposing restrictions on acoustic emissions from an engine, which necessitates the activity of design and optimization of a high-performance muffler. The muffler has to be designed with the objectives of satisfying acoustic emission norms imposed and as well strategically designed to have less obstruction to exhaust flow and being lightweight to maintain the integrity of a Formula Student car. A novel approach of combining the effect of adsorptive and resonating muffler design has been inculcated in this work after the estimation of muffler size and resonance. The acoustic pressure analysis and exhaust flow efficiency are carried out using Ricardo WAVE. These simulation results are validated with the developed prototype. The developed prototype is ascertained to fulfil the requirement of acoustic emission norms (103 dB[C
SintzADMIN, Jeneane, SintzUSER, Jeneane, Anthony, Lindsay, Mutagaana, Festo, Mutz, Jennifer
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Bosch USA: Driving Vehicle Software Into the Future131578/6/2021
Think about the computing software required to run your car. Your vehicle likely runs on about 100 million lines of code - 100 times more than the Space Shuttle, 4 times more than a commercial aircraft, and the equivalent of nearly 18,000 printed pages. In the near future, the tech installed in automated vehicles will contain between 300 and 500 million lines of code - and there's surely more to come. Tim Frasier, Regional President of North America for Bosch USA's new Cross-Domain Computing Solutions division, discussed how his new team combines software, electrical, and electronics engineers to create a consistent IT architecture throughout the vehicle. These bright minds and brilliant engineers came together at Bosch's Hackathon to create a new product idea that scored highest in its category at the 2020 CES Best of Innovation Awards.
Hineman, Marcie
A Framework for Benchmarking Feedback-Based Dynamic Data Collection Methods in Connected Vehicle Networks2021-01-01844/6/2021
Supervised, unsupervised and active learning techniques can be used to develop prognostics and diagnostics in connected vehicle networks, where a wide variety of sensors are available for data collection. However, constraints placed by the on-board equipment, vehicle network, time, and human resources limit the amount of sensor data and labels for machine learning. When no prior information about the data distribution or domain knowledge is available, it becomes a challenging task to collect limited and relevant data to train a machine learning model matching the desired performance threshold. To tackle this challenge, techniques such as experimental design, feature selection, and active learning can be applied, and the data collection process can be advanced to a closed-loop system where new data collection decisions are made based on the feedback from collected data. In this paper, an iterative design and evaluation procedure is considered to develop and deploy these feedback-based
Sahin, Alp, Zeng, Xiangrui
rtyeuy testing testing testingSAE-PP-003593/3/2021
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SintzADMIN, Jeneane
Intersection of Automotive and Satellite Connectivity: Use Cases and Exploration of a Hybrid Model2021-01-00173/2/2021
Universal Connectivity in the vehicle is no longer a nice-to-have function, but a critical tool to support every other function of the car - infotainment, active safety, autonomous driving, diagnostics, driving comfort etc. Although CASE (Connectivity, Autonomous, Services, Electrification) is now a commonly accepted foundation of new technology, it should perhaps be more accurately described as “C + ASE”, since Connectivity is an important enabler for the other three. Typically, connectivity in a vehicle implies primarily cellular (terrestrial) communication along with several other wireless protocols such as WiFi, Bluetooth, NFC etc. In addition, emerging vehicular technologies such as autonomous driving would potentially require ubiquitous and highly reliable connectivity. However, today’s terrestrial or cellular connectivity has some limitations, e.g., loss of service outside a carrier’s infrastructure zone (especially in rural areas), brownouts in congested urban areas, lack of
Goswami, Partha, Macdonald, Andrew
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