Browse Topic: Vehicle integration

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An Integrated System to reduce Emissions from Industrial Naturally Aspirated Reciprocating Engine — Performance assessment of an Amperometric NOx/O2 Sensor.2022-01-069703/29/2022
Emission reduction from Industrial naturally aspirated reciprocating engines (INARE) is of high priority to regulatory agencies due to their significant contribution to overall pollutant emissions. INAREs are well-known for their simplicity and are originally designed to work at some specific Air-to-Fuel ratios (AFRs). The AFR has been used as an effective parameter to control emissions in modern engines. However, such AFR control systems are not present in many INAREs. To solve this challenge, a novel, cost-effective retrofit kit is proposed in this paper that can be integrated with typical INAREs to control AFR and improve their performance and emissions at wide-ranging operating conditions. The retrofit kit comprises an air bypass mechanism integrated with a control unit and amperometric sensors adapted from the automobile industry. The amperometric sensors operate in the limiting current region, which enables the measurement of a wide range of NOx/O2 concentrations. This paper
Hassan, Hafiz Ahmad, Hartless, Matthew, Jha, Prabhat, Kazempoor, Pejman
Technical Paper
Influence of Motor and Controller Integration in Electric vehicle performance2022-01-078003/29/2022
Electric vehicle performance is depending on many of the system level performance of the vehicle. Motor and controller are designed individually but booth are dependent and these systems affect directly to the vehicle performance by right integration approach. This approach is explained in this paper clearly and well defined and processed for the Motor design and controller design. The integration system process plotted by using Motor design indent and controller design indent. Motor and controller losses are considered for the effective vehicle performance which deals the efficiency of the Motor and control system. The improved version of Motor control integration gives 10% improvements in overall vehicle performance. This approach is shown and evaluated the Vehicle performance by efficient integration approach of Motor and controller. Key words – Electric Vehicle, Motors, Controller integration and Vehicle integration.
Neelakandan, Varatharaj, B, Prabakaran
Technical Paper
A Simulation And Optimization Design Case for Heavy Truck Thermal Management2022-01-021003/29/2022
In order to meet CHINA VI Emission Standard and high-horsepower engine system integration for fourth-stage fuel consumption standards, which will put higher heat load to the entire cooling system, Faw Jiefang is conducting development on vehicle thermal management technology system. This requires redesign of front grill and the underhood cooling system components such as, cooling airflow duct, and fan shroud. Simply increasing the cooling air mass flow rate could improve the overall cooling airflow system performance; however, it will also increase the fan power consumption and aerodynamic drag of the vehicle, which will lead to an increased fuel consumption and escalate emission. Hence, a multi-objective optimization towards engine cooling system is necessary to achieve desired cooling performance while maintaining or lowering aerodynamic drag. An accurate simulation methodology is a key component for this iterative design and optimization process, as it will expedite the development
Guo, Ping, Chen, Tao, Liao, Genghua, Yang, Yang, Li, Han, Friz, Heinz, Mukutmoni, Devadatta, Kandasamy, Satheesh
Technical Paper
Design and Development Methodology of Automatic Electric Start System for Power Tiller2021-26-009309/22/2021
This paper deals with designing and development methodology of Automatic Electric Start (AES) system for power tiller which has horizontal diesel engine as prime mover. Designing of AES system constitutes of designing of Starter Motor, Starter Motor Bracket, Flywheel Ring Gear, Battery, Electrical Circuit, Fan Alternator and then development these components as integrated system prototype. Unlikely tractor market, AES system are not so common in Indian power tiller market therefore, unprecedented design approach towards design of AES system on power tiller engine has been presented in this paper. An engine without AES system requires of huge amount of engine starting effort by farmer whereby farmers fatigue levels are always on higher side. AES system on power tiller has made 0 N force requirement to start engine which was approximately 92 N earlier. Design of AES system depends on analysis engine cranking torque, which is a complex process and involves calculation of moments, such as
singh, sahildeep, sakthiendran, s, kanase, kedar
Technical Paper
Techniques to evaluate Energy Efficiency and Performance of an Electric Vehicle by leveraging Co-simulation2021-26-036709/22/2021
After designing any Powertrain component/subsystem for a conventional or an Electric vehicle, System Energy efficiency and Performance improvement Simulations are an very important step to prove the worthiness of the product before we can go for Prototypes, Vehicle level Integration, Testing and benefit’s evaluation phases. This work describes how two simulation tools have been leveraged effectively for Energy efficiency and Performance simulations for an Electric vehicle. Schaeffler has an internal Physical modeling tool for building vehicle level models. This tool has readymade physical component blocks for various Mechanical and Electrical components. These blocks can be parameterized as per required specifications. The powertrain subsystems like the Battery, BLDC Motor, Vehicle Inertias and the Multi-speed transmission consisting of various mechanical elements have been modeled and parameterized using this tool. This tool is the front end of the Co-simulation. The Physical model is
Iyer, Ramkumar, Chen, Zhichao, SATYANARAYANA, PS, BHATTACHARJEE, ANTARA, JHA, NAVNEET, Ramalingam, Gomathi
Technical Paper
Standard Practice for HabitabilitySAE1007 (Historical)09/14/2021
This Standard specifies the Habitability processes throughout planning, design, development, test, production, use and disposal of a system. Depending on contract phase and/or complexity of the program, tailoring of this standard may be applied. The primary goals of a contractor Habitability program include: Ensuring that the system design complies with the customer Habitability requirements and that discrepancies are reported to management and the customer. Identifying, coordinating, tracking, prioritizing, and resolving Habitability risks and issues and ensuring that they are: ○ Reflected in the contractor proposal, budgets, and plans ○ Raised at design, management, and program reviews ○ Debated in Working Group meetings ○ Coordinated with Training, Logistics, and the other HSI disciplines ○ Included appropriately in documentation and deliverable data items Ensuring that Habitability requirements are applied to all personnel environments, including operators, maintainers, trainers
G-45 Human Systems Integration
Technical Standard
Standard Practice for HabitabilitySAE1007-TEST-REC (Historical)09/14/2021
This Standard specifies the Habitability processes throughout planning, design, development, test, production, use and disposal of a system. Depending on contract phase and/or complexity of the program, tailoring of this standard may be applied. The primary goals of a contractor Habitability program include: Ensuring that the system design complies with the customer Habitability requirements and that discrepancies are reported to management and the customer. Identifying, coordinating, tracking, prioritizing, and resolving Habitability risks and issues and ensuring that they are: ○ Reflected in the contractor proposal, budgets, and plans ○ Raised at design, management, and program reviews ○ Debated in Working Group meetings ○ Coordinated with Training, Logistics, and the other HSI disciplines ○ Included appropriately in documentation and deliverable data items Ensuring that Habitability requirements are applied to all personnel environments, including operators, maintainers, trainers
G-45 Human Systems Integration
Technical Standard
Single-Use Applications Maximize Biomanufacturing AgilityTBMG-3806611/01/2020
Biopharmaceutical manufacturing is changing. With the rise of biologics and personalized medicine, the industry is appreciating the single-use manufacturing style. Instead of large-scale production processes, manufacturers are finding it pays to be agile — which is why many are increasingly adopting single-use technologies to turn over new products and batches quickly and efficiently. Single-use technologies utilize disposable bioprocessing equipment in place of traditional stainless steel. By eliminating the time-consuming clean-in-place (CIP) and steam-in-place (SIP) processes between batches, single-use technologies cut down on the costs of labor, materials, and utilities — all while shortening time to market.
Magazine Article
Integrated Microchips for Electronic SkinTBMG-3780110/01/2020
Human skin allows for interfacing with external physical environments through numerous receptors interconnected with the nervous system. Scientists have been trying to transfer these features to artificial skin, aiming at robotic applications. Operation of robotic systems heavily relies on electronic and magnetic field sensing functionalities required for positioning and orientation in space.
Magazine Article
Development, System Integration and Experimental Investigation of an Active HVAC Noise Control System for a Passenger Car2020-01-153806/03/2020
Current developments in the automotive industry such as electrification and consistent lightweight construction increasingly enable the application of active control systems for the further reduction of noise in vehicles. As different stochastic noise sources such as rolling and wind noise as well as noise radiated by the ventilation system are becoming more noticeable and as passive measures for NVH optimization tend to be heavy and construction space intensive, current research activities focus on the active reduction of noise caused by the latter mentioned sources. This paper illustrates the development, implementation and experimental investigation of an active noise control system integrated into the ventilation duct system of a passenger car. Making use of a model-based design process, the development is based upon a holistic numerical simulation model integrating a reduced order acoustic model derived from finite element simulations as well as simplified loudspeaker and
Millitzer, Jonathan, Kim, Joong-Kwan, Mees, Valentin, Lee, Jinmo, Oh, ChiSung, Ranisch, Christopher, Ih, Kang-Duck
Technical Paper
The Ford F-150 Raptor's front drivetrain is pulling for you20AUTP05_0905/01/2020
The second-generation of Ford's F-150 Raptor, which launched in 2016 for MY17, is available with an exclusive set of front drivetrain hardware that endows it with exceptional off- and on-road versatility. The Raptor's already rare high-speed offroad prowess also pays dividends on pavement, thanks to a combination of a special transfer case and front differential that give it a unique forward power-distribution configuration. Following the original Raptor's mission, the 2nd-gen truck was engineered for Baja-style, fast-desert running, but added capabilities via its new transfer case. The Raptor comes standard with BorgWarner's Two-Speed ITM (Interactive Torque Management - aka “torque on demand” or TOD) Transfer Case with Clutch Lock. Currently, it's the only production vehicle offered with this hardware. More atypical, this unique transfer case can route power to the Raptor's optional 4.10:1 front axle featuring a Torsen limited-slip differential, a component typically reserved for
Seredynski, Paul
Magazine Article
Moving Precision Communication, Metrology, Quantum Applications from Lab to ChipTBMG-3687805/01/2020
The field of photonic integration — the area of photonics in which waveguides and devices are fabricated as an integrated system onto a flat wafer — is relatively young compared to electronics. Photonic integration has focused on communications applications traditionally fabricated on silicon chips, because these are less expensive and more easily manufactured.
Magazine Article
Frequency Domain Analysis of 2-Wheeler Systems2020-01-047604/14/2020
Most automotive companies validate their vehicle designs by running vehicle on the durability proving grounds. Part fractures and collisions between two components are common failures observed during proven ground testing. Laboratory testing and FEA simulation are used to validate designs in the concept stage as it consumes less time and cost as compared to proven ground testing. The lab testing and simulation process both have their own limitations. It is difficult to incorporate effect of multi-direction input loading (x, y, z) with single direction loading in laboratory testing due to restrictions with electrodynamic shaker testing. However, in simulation, multi direction input can be easily incorporated but often actual vehicle measured test track data is not available in the early design stage. In the present work, Modern methodologies have been employed [ref 1, 2] in frequency domain to validate design in FEA simulation. First, relative random response calculation is performed
Sethi, Mohit, Sharma, Ashish, Khare, Saharash, Sethi, Mohit, Sharma, Ashish, Khare, Saharash, Bishop, Neil, Kolar, Harsha
Technical Paper
Battle Tank Protection Systems Outfit Four Brigades of Army TanksTBMG-3660804/01/2020
RAFAEL Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. Haifa, Israel +972 73 335 4444
Magazine Article
A MATLAB Simulink Based Co-Simulation Approach for a Vehicle Systems Model Integration Architecture2020-01-000503/10/2020
In this paper, a MATLAB-Simulink based general co-simulation approach is presented which supports multi-resolution simulation of distributed models in an integrated architecture. This approach was applied to simulating aircraft thermal performance in our Vehicle Systems Model Integration (VSMI) framework. A representative advanced aircraft thermal management system consisting of an engine, engine fuel thermal management system, aircraft fuel thermal management system and a power and thermal management system was used to evaluate the advantages and tradeoffs in using a co-simulation approach to system integration modeling. For a system constituting of multiple interacting sub-systems, an integrated model architecture can rapidly, and cost effectively address technology insertions and system evaluations. Utilizing standalone sub-system models with table-based boundary conditions often fails to effectively capture dynamic subsystem interactions that occurs in an integrated system
Raczkowski, Brian C., Jones, Nicholas, Deppen, Tim, Lucas, Charles, Yeu, Rodney, Walters, Eric, Donovan, Adam, Patnaik, Soumya, Bodie, Mark
Technical Paper
A MATLAB Simulink Based Co-Simulation Approach for a Vehicle Systems Model Integration Architecture2020-01-000503/10/2020
In this paper, a MATLAB-Simulink based general co-simulation approach is presented which supports multi-resolution simulation of distributed models in an integrated architecture. This approach was applied to simulating aircraft thermal performance in our Vehicle Systems Model Integration (VSMI) framework. A representative advanced aircraft thermal management system consisting of an engine, engine fuel thermal management system, aircraft fuel thermal management system and a power and thermal management system was used to evaluate the advantages and tradeoffs in using a co-simulation approach to system integration modeling. For a system constituting of multiple interacting sub-systems, an integrated model architecture can rapidly, and cost effectively address technology insertions and system evaluations. Utilizing standalone sub-system models with table-based boundary conditions often fails to effectively capture dynamic subsystem interactions that occurs in an integrated system
Raczkowski, Brian C., Jones, Nicholas, Deppen, Tim, Lucas, Charles, Yeu, Rodney, Walters, Eric, Donovan, Adam, Patnaik, Soumya, Bodie, Mark
Technical Paper
Leading Women in Engineering & Science: Yolita Wildman Nugent, Director, Advanced Soft Systems Integration, FlexTBMG-3625003/01/2020
Magazine Article
Vehicle Application LayerJ1939/71_202002 (Historical)02/11/2020
The SAE J1939 communications network is developed for use in heavy-duty environments and suitable for horizontally integrated vehicle industries. The SAE J1939 communications network is applicable for light-duty, medium-duty, and heavy- duty vehicles used on-road or off-road, and for appropriate stationary applications which use vehicle derived components (e.g., generator sets). Vehicles of interest include, but are not limited to, on-highway and off-highway trucks and their trailers, construction equipment, and agricultural equipment and implements. SAE J1939-71 is the SAE J1939 reference document for the conventions and notations that specify parameter placement in PGN data fields, the conventions for ASCII parameters, and conventions for PGN transmission rates. This document previously contained the majority of the SAE J1939 data parameters and messages for information exchange between the ECU applications connected to the SAE J1939 communications network. It also contained
Truck Bus Control and Communications Network Committee
Recommended Practice
Heterogeneous Integration TechnologyTBMG-3607002/01/2020
By definition, “heterogeneous integration” (HI) refers to the integration of dissimilar components on a common platform. The term is extensively used in very diverse applications to encompass efforts to make previously separate functions operate together by an intimate fusion of components. It can mean a seamless integration of previously incompatible software, database, drugs or machine parts. The particular definition that applies here is the integration of dissimilar sensor components onto a common substrate to make new compact components that provide enhanced characteristics.
Magazine Article
Heterogeneous Integration Technology20AERP02_0802/01/2020
Integrating different types of devices and materials could increase their functional density, improving the performance of electro-optic systems for sensor applications. Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio By definition, “heterogeneous integration” (HI) refers to the integration of dissimilar components on a common platform. The term is extensively used in very diverse applications to encompass efforts to make previously separate functions operate together by an intimate fusion of components. It can mean a seamless integration of previously incompatible software, database, drugs or machine parts. The particular definition that applies here is the integration of dissimilar sensor components onto a common substrate to make new compact components that provide enhanced characteristics. IEEE defines Heterogeneous Integration to be “the integration of separately manufactured components into a higher-level assembly that, in the aggregate, provides enhanced
Magazine Article
Maximizing Biomanufacturing Productivity in Single-Use ApplicationsTBMG-3551811/01/2019
Biologics and personalized medicine are increasingly becoming more popular — causing the biomanufacturing industry to change. Instead of sticking to large-scale production processes, manufacturers are looking for new ways to be agile. To reduce product changeover times and improve efficiency, many are turning to single-use technologies, which use disposable bioprocessing equipment instead of stainless steel. Because they avoid time-consuming clean-in-place (CIP) and steam-in-place (SIP) processes between batches, single-use products lower labor, material, and utility costs and improve time to market.
Magazine Article
Defining an Open System Architecture Standard for Defense SystemsTBMG-3535510/01/2019
For many years now, there have been efforts within the US defense community to adopt “Open System Architecture” principles (or OSA) for defense computing platforms. Stretching back to the mid-2000’s there have been numerous efforts by all service branches to define sets of OSA principles or requirements on the embedded computing systems they procure and deploy. While these efforts have resulted in widespread adoption of POSIX functions for common tasks and a gradual shift in the use of common form factors and technologies such as VPX and Ethernet, there are still wide disparities between products from different suppliers, which creates difficulties for integrators. Product variations also make technology insertions or system configuration changes expensive, time consuming, and often locked to a particular vendor.
Magazine Article
Defining an Open System Architecture Standard for Defense Systems19AERP10_0410/01/2019
For many years now, there have been efforts within the US defense community to adopt “Open System Architecture” principles (or OSA) for defense computing platforms. Stretching back to the mid-2000's there have been numerous efforts by all service branches to define sets of OSA principles or requirements on the embedded computing systems they procure and deploy. While these efforts have resulted in widespread adoption of POSIX functions for common tasks and a gradual shift in the use of common form factors and technologies such as VPX and Ethernet, there are still wide disparities between products from different suppliers, which creates difficulties for integrators. Product variations also make technology insertions or system configuration changes expensive, time consuming, and often locked to a particular vendor. In 2019 the US defense embedded computing market underwent a transformation. Started in 2017, the Sensor Open Systems Architecture group (or SOSA) is an organization
Magazine Article
Fuze Well Mechanical InterfaceAS5680B (Current)09/03/2019
This interface standard applies to fuzes used in airborne weapons that use a 3-in fuze well. It defines: Physical envelope of the fuze well at the interface with the fuze. Load bearing surfaces of the fuze well. Physical envelope of the fuze and its connector. Mechanical features (e.g., clocking feature). Connector type, size, location and orientation. Retaining ring and its mechanical features (e.g., thread, tool interface). Physical envelope of the retaining ring at the interface with the fuze. Physical space available for installation tools. Torque that the installation tool shall be capable of providing. This standard does not address: Materials used or their properties. Protective finish. Physical environment of the weapon. Explosive interface or features (e.g., insensitive munitions (IM) mitigation). Charging tube. Torque on the retaining ring or loads on the load bearing surfaces. Each fuze and weapon combination should be evaluated to ensure that the weapon system will satisfy
AS-1B Aircraft Store Integration Committee
Technical Standard
Combining Origami and 3D Printing to Make Complex Structures in One StepTBMG-3475107/01/2019
There are many different types of 3D printing technologies. The most familiar — inkjet — has been around for some 20 years. But until now, it has been difficult to create 3D-printed structures with the intricate hollow features associated with complex origami because removing the supporting materials necessary to print these structures is challenging. Further, unlike paper, the 3D-printed materials could not be folded numerous times without breaking. Making such structures has involved multiple steps, more than one material, and assembly from smaller parts.
Magazine Article
Sensors Expo Preview 2019TBMG-3458406/01/2019
The 2019 Sensors Expo and Conference will be held at the McEnery Convention Center, San Jose, CA from June 25 – 27. Both the expo and conference are excellent opportunities to get a good sense of important sensor trends. Among the wide variety of themes at the conference, some strike me as being very significant for the current state of the industry.
Magazine Article
AV ‘Goiters’ Be Gone!19AVEP05_1205/01/2019
Magneti Marelli's ‘Smart Corner’ technology aims to reduce cost, complexity and mass by integrating key vehicle sensors seamlessly into a vehicle's lighting modules. Warts. Bumps. Blisters. Protuberances. These and other less-flattering terms are used by vehicle designers and engineers to describe the bulging, non-integrated sensor placement that has become the unfortunate visual signature for automated vehicles (AVs). “We actually call them ‘goiters,’” said Bill Grabowski, head of innovation and technology for Automotive Lighting division at Magneti Marelli. “While they're [sensors] primarily for function, the OEM and the end customer don't want to see these protrusions littering the vehicle exterior in production. Packaging up to 25 sensors that handle all levels of ADAS and autonomous driving has become a major problem for the automakers.”
Brooke, Lindsay
Magazine Article
Investigation of Drag Reduction Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles Using Surface, Wake and Underbody Pressure Measurements to Complement Aerodynamic Drag Measurements2019-01-064404/02/2019
A multi-year, multi-vehicle study was conducted to quantify the aerodynamic drag changes associated with drag reduction technologies for light-duty vehicles. Various technologies were evaluated through full-scale testing in a large low-blockage closed-circuit wind tunnel equipped with a rolling road, wheel rollers, boundary-layer suction and a system to generate road-representative turbulent winds. The technologies investigated include active grille shutters, production and custom underbody treatments, air dams, wheel curtains, ride height control, side mirror removal and combinations of these. This paper focuses on mean surface-, wake-, and underbody-pressure measurements and their relation to aerodynamic drag. Surface pressures were measured at strategic locations on four sedans and two crossover SUVs. Wake total pressures were mapped using a rake of Pitot probes in two cross-flow planes at up to 0.4 vehicle lengths downstream of the same six vehicles in addition to a minivan and a
de Souza, Fenella, Raeesi, Arash, Belzile, Marc, Caffrey, Cheryl, Schmitt, Andreas
Journal Article
Using Computational Fluid Dynamics for the Design, Assessment and Optimization of an Aerodynamic Body Kit on a Newly Designed Formula SAE Collegiate Competition Vehicle2019-01-064204/02/2019
Formula SAE Collegiate Competition teams now regularly integrate aerodynamic body kits with their vehicles which have significant benefits in producing downforce. This use of body kits (or aero packages) and the improvement to vehicle aerodynamics they provide, have resulted in these systems becoming a necessity for any team wishing to remain competitive in Formula SAE (FSAE). To address this the Lawrence Technological University (LTU) Formula SAE team incorporated an aerodynamic body kit into their 2018 vehicle. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) an aerodynamic analysis was performed comparing the efficacy of a car that did not have an aero package to a car that did. Two separate simulation programs were employed to effectively and accurately assess this change. By using both SolidWorks and SimScale software to generate data, the results of each were compared to assess the accuracy of each. These programs were selected due to their accessibility to engineering students, as well
Alemara, Mohammed, McCann, Morgan, Fletcher, Robert, Al-Qarishey, Hussein, Fine, Joshua
Technical Paper
J.D. Power launches new vehicle-engineering award at SAE's WCX 201919AUTP04_0304/01/2019
Globally-respected automotive analytics firm J.D. Power recognizes outstanding vehicle-integration engineering with two new annual awards. Long known for its groundbreaking surveys measuring automotive customer satisfaction, quality and dependability-and presenting corresponding awards to top-achieving OEMs-marketing information and analytics firm J.D. Power is launching two new engineering-related awards for development teams responsible for each year's best all-new vehicle and best redesigned vehicle. J.D. Power is partnering with SAE International to announce at this year's SAE World Congress Experience (WCX) the winners for the inaugural 2018 Engineering Award for Highest-Rated All-New Vehicle and Engineering Award for Highest-Rated Vehicle Redesign.
Visnic, Bill
Magazine Article
Designing Self-Propelled, Chemically Active SheetsTBMG-3370902/01/2019
Researchers have created a two-dimensional, shape-changing sheet that moves autonomously in a reactant-filled fluid. The integrated system utilizes a chemical reaction to activate the fluid motion that simultaneously transports a flexible object and “sculpts” its shape, all occurring autonomously.
Magazine Article
SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in MobilityE-JOURNAL-9901/01/2019
Editor-in-Chief: Dr. Mohamed El-Sayed, Eastern Michigan University, USA Indexed in CNKI Engineering Village (Ei Compendex) IET Inspec Library Recommendation Form Published Volumes Subscription Options Aims and Scope The SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility is a new journal dedicated to publishing the top, archivable, peer-reviewed papers from SAE conferences and events. Papers are selected for SAE conferences and events after going through a rigorous peer-review process and evaluation by session organizers. Based on the scoring from the peer reviewers and recommendations from the session organizers, the top archivable papers are selected to be published in this new SAE proceedings journal. The SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility covers all aspects of transportation mobility, whether by ground, sea, space, or air. SAE International conferences are global in scope and cover some of the most up-to-date topics and
Journal
Laser Guided Rocket SystemTBMG-3337312/01/2018
Arnold Defense St. Louis, MO 636-575-9190
Magazine Article
Constructing Development Assurance Plan for Integrated SystemsAIR6218 (Current)10/22/2018
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) supplements ARP4754A by identifying the crucial elements to be considered when constructing the development assurance plans described in Chapter 3 (Development Planning) of ARP4754A for integrated systems. This AIR presents a collection of lessons learned from past certification programs involving integrated systems. This AIR is not guidance for system integration technologies.
S-18 Aircraft and Sys Dev and Safety Assessment Committee
Information Report
FCA gets back into the electrification game18AUTP09_0109/01/2018
Recently while attending Fiat Chrysler's media launch of the 2019 Ram 1500 with the new 48-volt “e-Torque” system, I had the pleasure of spending time with two engineers who personify the get-’er-done attitude that has carried their plucky company through more than its share of challenges in the past decade. Meeting these guys-1500 program chief Mike Raymond, and vehicle electrification manager Brian Spohn-was inspiring to me and, I believe, to the other technical editors present. Getting to know engineers like Mike and Brian and learning about their work is an ongoing highlight of my job.
Brooke, Lindsay
Magazine Article
IMTS2018 PreviewTBMG-3246908/01/2018
Presented by the Association for Manufacturing Technology (AMT), the International Manufacturing Technology Show (IMTS) has been the premier manufacturing technology show in the Northern Hemisphere. IMTS is held every even year and attracts attendees from more than 117 countries. The 2018 edition will be the 32nd show.
Magazine Article
2021-12-29.TEST Total Vehicle Integration and Design - Journey to Electrification, Digitization and Connectivity Leading to Autonomy *CSP Meta Testing*2018-01-000304/03/2018
Total vehicle integration and design is a complex process and deals with interactions of many subsystems. The subsystems in a vehicle not only have to perform their role but interfaces between the subsystems must be well understood to design for all the interactions. The global automotive market is following electrification, digitization and connectivity trends that eventually lead to Autonomy. Therefore, the vehicle integration design process needs to include these new use cases of these trends. The process starts with establishing the top-level vehicle metrics relative to key deliverables of the vehicle ranging from providing comfortable environment to the driver to good performance. The process of establishing vehicle level metrics is not trivial and quite often must be derived from the customer verbatim. Frequently, there are conflicting requirements and priority must be given to one over another. For example, it may not be possible to achieve acceleration performance and fuel
Singh, Sanjay, Unveren, Cumhur
Technical Paper
Coherent Treatment of Time in the Development of ADAS/AD Systems: Design Approach and Demonstration2018-01-059204/03/2018
The application of digital control in the automotive domain clearly follows an evolution with increasing complexity of both covered functions and their interaction. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Automated Driving Functions (AD) comprise modular interacting software components that typically build upon a layered architecture. As these components are generally developed by different teams, using different tools for different functional purposes and building upon different models of computation, an integration of all components guaranteeing the satisfaction of all requirements calls for coherent handling of timing properties. We propose an approach addressing this major challenge, which consists of four design paradigms. A compositional semantic framework - based on a notion of components, their interfaces and their interaction - provides the common ground. Equipped with well-defined semantics allowing to express specifications in terms of contracts, and together with also
Ehmen, Günter, Grüttner, Kim, Koopmann, Björn, Poppen, Frank, Reinkemeier, Philipp, Stierand, Ingo
Technical Paper
Trends in Hydraulic FiltrationTBMG-2794212/01/2017
Proper filtration plays an important role in ensuring that hydraulic systems operate trouble-free. High-performance filters maintain the cleanliness of the hydraulic fluid over its entire service life. In addition, designers are faced with ever-changing application requirements — longer filter change intervals, higher operating safety, increased separation efficiencies, and increased compatibility with the new generation of hydraulic oils. Following is an overview of some important technologies and trends in the industry, and their impact on users of hydraulic systems.
Magazine Article
Using System Simulation to Manage Increasing Thermal Loads on Aircraft Fuel SystemsTBMG-2737708/01/2017
Today’s modern military fighter jets are like “a flying thermos bottle” according to Steve Iden, AFRL Invent Program Manager [1]. Many engineers have been saddled with trying to put the thermal loading constraints of these fighter jets on ice. This places increasing demands on utilizing the fuel system as a heat sink to dissipate thermal loads coming from onboard electronics, oil and hydraulic systems, avionics bay cooling, and weapons modules. Engineers today are looking to simulation to help tackle these design challenges, and they have more power than ever with simulating fuel systems to evaluate feasible system designs with given requirements on thermal power loading, fuel capacity, and tank geometry. With a given set of key performance metrics and limits on a design, the design space can be quickly explored to find optimum metrics such as flight mission duration or required component sizing to meet thermal load requirements.
Magazine Article
Motor Control Technology Boosts Performance of Remotely Piloted AircraftTBMG-2720807/01/2017
PC Krause and Associates West Lafayette, IN For more info click
Magazine Article
FWD Halfshaft Angle Optimization Using 12 Degree of Freedom Analytical Model2017-01-177006/05/2017
This paper describes the development of an analytical method to assess and optimize halfshaft joint angles to avoid excessive 3rd halfshaft order vibrations during wide-open-throttle (WOT) and light drive-away events. The objective was to develop a test-correlated analytical model to assess and optimize driveline working angles during the virtual design phase of a vehicle program when packaging tradeoffs are decided. A twelve degree-of-freedom (12DOF) system model was constructed that comprehends halfshaft dynamic angle change, axle torque, powertrain (P/T) mount rate progression and axial forces generated by tripot type constant velocity (CV) joints. Note: “tripot” and “tripod” are alternate nomenclatures for the same type of joint. Simple lumped parameter models have historically been used for P/T mount optimization; however, this paper describes a method for using a lumped parameter model to also optimize driveline working angles. The 12DOF model results enable evidence-based
Hill, Wallace, Kinchen, Dennis, Gehringer, Mark A.
Journal Article
Solar Powering UAVsTBMG-2683005/01/2017
One of the largest problems facing the aerospace industry involves size, weight, and power (SWaP) analysis and the increasing size of payloads with typically a finite amount of power to drive ever more demanding systems. This issue plagues all platforms, regardless of the energy storage medium, the type of propulsion, or system design. Only recently has an opportunity to augment these systems with on-board power generation been deemed not only possible but practical. Much like the space industry, which has benefited from solar technology on satellites that have been aloft for decades, it is now possible for both small and large fixed wing unmanned platforms to drastically increase flight time and payload capabilities.
Magazine Article
Solar Powering UAVs17AERP05_0205/01/2017
One of the largest problems facing the aerospace industry involves size, weight, and power (SWaP) analysis and the increasing size of payloads with typically a finite amount of power to drive ever more demanding systems. This issue plagues all platforms, regardless of the energy storage medium, the type of propulsion, or system design. Only recently has an opportunity to augment these systems with on-board power generation been deemed not only possible but practical. Much like the space industry, which has benefited from solar technology on satellites that have been aloft for decades, it is now possible for both small and large fixed wing unmanned platforms to drastically increase flight time and payload capabilities.
Magazine Article
NASA Navigation Sensor May Land in Applications Beyond MarsTBMG-2649203/01/2017
Although a NASA-built sensor being tested in the Mojave Desert this summer will be used to support the safe landing of rovers on Mars, one of the technology's lead researchers sees other commercial possibilities. Principal Investigator Farzin Amzajerdian and his team at NASA's Langley Research Center developed the Navigation Doppler Lidar, a bread-box-sized sensor system that could someday play a role in aircraft navigation and even driverless car applications.
Magazine Article
Hybrid Flow Control Method for Simple Hinged Flap High-Lift SystemTBMG-2653103/01/2017
NASA's Langley Research Center has created a novel process that significantly improves the effectiveness of high-lift devices on aircraft wings by utilizing a hybrid concept of both sweeping jet (SWJ) actuators for active flow control (AFC) and adaptive vortex generators (AVGs) for passive flow control. High-lift technology reshapes aircraft wings for more lift during takeoff and landing. Conventional high-lift devices are complex and employ a significant number of parts. In addition, these complex mechanical high-lift systems (e.g., Fowler flap mechanisms) often protrude externally under the wings, resulting in increased cruise drag. Simple hinged flaps are preferable high-lift devices for low-drag cruise performance, but they are vulnerable to flow separation at high flap deflections for both trailing edge and leading edge applications. This innovation achieves higher flap deflections without flow separation while minimizing the pneumatic power requirement of AFC.
Magazine Article
Superconducting Transition Edge Sensors and Methods for Design and Manufacture ThereofTBMG-2597012/01/2016
NASA technologists have developed a novel, superconducting transition edge sensor (TES). Such TES devices are thermometers that are widely used for particle detection, e.g. X-rays, infrared photons, atoms, molecules, etc. Energy resolution is chiefly important in superconducting transition edge sensors to function as imaging spectrometers. For optimal energy resolution, it is necessary to control the superconducting transition temperature for the device.
Magazine Article
Portable Medical Diagnosis InstrumentTBMG-2571411/01/2016
NASA has developed a novel technology strategy called “The NASA Analyzer” that would provide comprehensive in-flight medical diagnostic capability in a compact, handheld device for human deep-space missions such as Mars. Key features of the technology include the ability to handle multiple sample types (breath, saliva, blood), and the ability to measure virtually any analyte, including future analytes as they emerge. The device provides both non-invasive and minimally invasive sampling capabilities, which will be required during long-duration exploration missions. Breath and saliva are fully non-invasive and can provide critical health assessment information very rapidly. From small blood samples, information about macromolecular analytes, as well as blood cell counts, can be obtained. The device consists of four cutting-edge technologies integrated into a single, compact medical diagnostic tool with wireless (e.g., smartphone) capability. In addition to space applications, this
Magazine Article
Dynamically Variable Spot Size Laser SystemTBMG-2570811/01/2016
NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center developed the handheld laser torch, designed for welding and brazing metals, to repair hard-to-reach Space Shuttle engine nozzles. It incorporates various manual controls and changing lenses to allow the operator to adjust the laser’s power output in real time. The controls and lenses are designed to increase precision, portability, and maneuverability as compared to existing automated lasers and traditional welding techniques such as tungsten inert gas (TIG), metal inert gas (MIG), or gas-tungsten arc welding (GTAW) systems. Proximity sensors with automated shut-off switches also ensure a high level of safety for the user.
Magazine Article
COTS Embedded Systems and Link BudgetsTBMG-2555610/01/2016
The days of proprietary embedded computing systems in military systems are numbered. Proprietary systems, with the attendant vendor lock-in, tend to be platform specific, increasing the development and long-term maintenance costs. New platform: new design. The military has realized that this is an untenable approach.
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