Browse Topic: Vehicle performance

Items (685)

Mechanical Property Analysis of Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Structure with a Novel Hybrid Structure

2025-01-8215

04/03/2025

Abstract Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structure, demonstrates significant advantages in vehicle design due to its excellent lightweight characteristics and mechanical properties. To enhance the mechanical properties of TPMS structures, this study proposes a novel hybrid TPMS structure by combining Primitive and Gyroid structures using level set equations. Following this, samples were fabricated using selective laser sintering (SLS). Finite element models for compression simulation were constructed by employing different meshing strategies to compare the accuracy and simulation efficiency. Subsequently, the mechanical properties of different configurations were comprehensively investigated through uniaxial compression testing and finite element analysis (FEA). The findings indicate a good agreement between the experimental and simulation results, demonstrating the validity and accuracy of the simulation model. For TPMS structures with a relative density of 30%, meshing with

Tang, Haiyuan, Xu, Dexing, Sun, Xiaowang, Wang, Xianhui, Wang, Liangmo, Wang, Tao

SUV Multi-Link Rigid Axle Control Links Optimization for Ride and Handling Improvement

2024-26-004801/16/2024

In automotive world, role of suspension system is to absorb vibrations from the road, and to provide stability while vehicle is going over bumps or uneven roads, cornering, acceleration and braking etc. For body on frame SUVs which are typically characterized by high center of gravity, it is quite critical to find best balance in ensuring stability of the vehicle and having comfortable ride performance. Rigid axle rear suspension is quite typical choice in such vehicles, wherein lower and upper control links are two important components subjected to lateral, longitudinal, and vertical loads. These links allow the vehicle to move smoothly throughout the entire range of suspension travel. Kinematics and compliance optimization of these links is major factor in definition of ride-handling performance of the vehicle. The present study describes key challenges and methodology to define position as well as orientation of control links, where-in multiple inter-related handling and comfort

Hussain, Inzamam, Jani, Harshil, Rasal, Shraddhesh, Asthana, Shivam, ahire, Manoj, Jadhav, Prashant, Lenka, Visweswara, Vellandi, Vikraman

Comparison between state of art performance parameter of GaN and SiC Converters for electric vehicle application.

2024-26-013401/16/2024

Various aspects of vehicle design, such as powertrain, infotainment, connectivity, and driving assistance systems, are undergoing significant advancements and innovations in the automotive industry. To enhance the performance and efficiency of electric vehicles, designers are exploring advanced technologies beyond the conventional silicon-based solutions. One such technology that is gaining popularity is the use of wide-bandgap materials like silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) for power-semiconductor devices in electric vehicles. Wide-bandgap-based hard-switching voltage source converters made of these materials are superior to their silicon counterparts in terms of efficiency, but their performance depends on their utilization at high switching frequencies. To determine the best technology for future electric vehicle applications, researchers compared the efficiency of SiC and GaN devices by analyzing factors such as blocking voltage, conduction loss, switching loss, and

Mehrotra, Soumya, Ray, Rakesh Kumar, Pandey, Devbrat, Naithani, Hardik

E-drive System Selection Criterion for EV Commercial and Passenger Vehicles Segments

2024-26-025301/16/2024

Electric Vehicles are one of the promising technologies to curb the climate change by reducing CO2 emissions significantly. Electric vehicle component selection is a complex process which has to fulfil multiple requirements with trade-off between Performance & Efficiency, Efficiency & cost, Performance & NVH, etc. Hence, it's a challenge to select right E-Drive comprising Motor and overall gear ratio to meet EV program targets. This study focuses on criterion used for selecting an E-Drive system comprising Motor, MCU and overall gear ratio for Electric Vehicles in Commercial and Passenger segments. The automotive market in India is analysed and the most popular vehicles in CV and PV segments with comparable Kerb Weights have been identified; Small Commercial Vehicle (SCV), and Compact SUV. The criterion is based on vehicle performance, design, cost, and NVH and efficiency requirements. The simulations are done to estimate motor torque/power requirements & overall gear ratio meeting the

Shendge, Raman Suresh, Jadhav, Vaibhav V., Warule, Prasad, Wani, Kalpesh

Automation of PID Calibration for Close Loop Control System in an Electric Vehicle to Achieve Objective Driveability Performance

2024-26-033201/16/2024

This paper introduces a novel approach to automate PID calibration for closed-loop control systems and the creep control function in an electric vehicle. Through a comprehensive literature survey, it is found that this method is the first of its kind to be applied in the field of automated electric vehicle calibration for Creep function. The proposed approach utilizes a systematic methodology that automatically tunes the PID parameters based on predefined performance criteria, including energy consumption and jerk. To implement this methodology, the ETAS INCA FLOW software, which provides guided calibration methods for in-vehicle testing & calibration, is employed. The calibration process is performed on a real-time electric vehicle platform to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results of this study showcases the advantages of automated PID calibration for closed-loop control systems and creep control function in small commercial electric vehicle. The proposed

G, Ashwin, Jadhav, Vaibhav V., Warule, Prasad B.

Study on Range Improvement Controls and Method for Electric Vehicles

2024-26-013201/16/2024

Electric Vehicles are rapidly growing in the market yet various failure incidents were noted all along the globe. On the other hand, range anxiety has greatly inspired manufacturers to explore new practices to improve. One of the most important components of an EV is the battery, which converts chemical energy to electrical energy thereby liberating heat energy as the loss. This heat loss when high, capability of system to deliver required energy to wheels is reduced significantly. With a higher heat loss in the battery, system is prone to failure or reduced mileage. Therefore, controlling/maintaining system temperature under safe usable zone even during harsh conditions is ideal. Simple reduction in energy consumption of electrical cooling/heating devices used with regenerative energy techniques can greatly help in range improvement. The intention of this paper is to explore easy methods to improve electric vehicle range in different ambient conditions. Few of the key benefactors here

MR, Vikram, Pattalwar, Ashutosh, Verma, Mrinal, Bawa, Vikas

Design and Development of E-axle as a retro and OE fitment solution for Light Commercial Vehicles ranging from 1.5 to 5 Ton GVW

2024-26-011901/16/2024

The Light commercial vehicle (LCV) is primarily used for the last mile delivery and it holds the volume share of around 61% in the commercial vehicle segment. The last mile delivery services have seen a massive surge after the CoVID-19 pandemic resulting is the increase sale of LCV in last few years and is expected to grow further by 8-11% in the coming years. However, city logistic is also responsible for most pollution and noise in the city. Hence, policymakers are aiming to reduce carbon footprint by promoting the use of Electric vehicle by providing incentive to automakers though schemes like FAME-I and FAME-II. In order to effectively reduce the carbon footprint within city it is important to increase the use of new electric vehicle and convert the old polluting vehicles to electric. Hence, a retro fitment solution for converting used LCV to electric can help in reducing emission as well as noise pollution. Later the same solution can be offered as OE fitment solution. Though

VAIBHAV, KUMAR, Mulik, Rakesh Vilasrao, Shrikrishna Ramdasi, Sushil

Vehicle performance simulation of a 3-wheeler Cargo electric vehicle using model-based approach and Validation of drive cycle data

2024-26-010501/16/2024

Electric vehicle development is at the core of the next generation of last mile commercial vehicles. These vehicles will be used for delivery purposes over routine routes within a city. Realizing the performance requirement of such a vehicle involves concise choice of Battery capacity and Powertrain to deliver consistent performance with a desirable range for the end user. The model-based performance simulation helps in evaluating the performance characteristics of the vehicle in the early stage of development. The Product development process encounters various challenges in terms of product cost, design, and identification of the required specification for the Battery, Powertrain, and vehicle architecture. The model-based approach is used in this scenario for performing the foundational analysis to evaluate the range, acceleration, gradeability along with Component sizing to determine the optimum specification needed in the motor and Battery capacity to reach the specified targets

Manapadam Baskar, Bhushan

Evaluation of Automotive Closure Design for High Frequency Acoustics Performance

2025-01-004905/05/2023

A good NVH environment in a vehicle plays an important role in attracting a large customer base in the automotive market. Hence, NVH has been given significant priority while considering automotive design. NVH performance is monitored using simulations early during the design phase and testing in later prototype stages in the automotive industry. Meeting NVH performance targets possesses a greater risk related to design modifications in addition to the cost and time associated with the development process. Hence, a more enhanced and matured design process involves Design Point Analysis (DPA), which is essentially a decision-making process in which analytical tools derived from basic sciences, mathematics, statistics, and engineering fundamentals are used to develop a product model that better fulfills the predefined requirement. This paper shows the systematic approach of conducting a Design Point Analysis-level NVH study to evaluate the acoustic performance of vehicle door systems in

Ranade, Amod A., Shirode, Satish, Miskin, Atul, Mahamuni, Ketan, Shinde, Rahul, GHAN, PRAVIN, Choudhury, Ashok

Co-relation of NVH results with housing modal analysis and improvement of the BEV transmission.

2025-01-010605/05/2023

The battery electric vehicle (BEVs) are very sensitive in terms of NVH requirements. While the engine is getting replaced with an almost silent electric motor, the transmission noise appears persistent and demands more silent transmission. This has raised demand for improvement in design as well as manufacturing quality. Various innovations are being done to drive an improvement in the NVH. Following paper will discuss the improvement in NVH achieved through a design optimization of the housing using modal analysis. Firstly, the NVH results were co-related with the modal analysis and the cause for the dominant peak in amplitude of the NVH graph associated with the housing modes were mapped. A simple Excel based correlation matrix used to map the list of all Eigenfrequencies of housing and it’s corresponding gear tooth frequency. Further optimization is done in housing design to defer the modal frequencies and another NVH test was run. It was proven that the housing optimization using

Pingale, Abhijeet Satish, Deshpande, Prasannakumar

Toward an Automated Scenario-Based X-in-the-Loop Testing Framework for Connected and Automated Vehicles

12-05-04-003006/27/2022

Emerging technologies for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) are rapidly advancing, and there is an incremental adoption of partial automation systems in existing vehicles. Nevertheless, there are still significant barriers before fully or highly automated vehicles can enter mass production and appear on public roads. These are not only associated with the need to ensure their safe and efficient operation but also with cost and delivery time constraints. A key challenge lies in the testing and validation (T&V) requirements of CAVs, which are expected to be significantly higher than those of traditional and partially automated vehicles. Promising methodologies that can be used toward this goal are scenario-based (SBT) and X-in-the-Loop (XiL) testing. At the same time, complex techniques such as co-simulation and mixed-reality simulation could also provide significant benefits. Nevertheless, the benefits of individual solutions are likely to be significantly smaller, if considered

Kyriakopoulos, Ioannis, Jaworski, Pawel, Edwards, Tim

Multi Body Dynamics Modeling of Launch Shudder in Electric Vehicles

2022-01-036903/29/2022

The continued push for faster automotive design cycles while maintaining high product quality is requiring increasing fidelity in virtual analysis. One vibration disturbance load case that has been targeted for virtual analysis improvement is launch shudder, particularly in electric vehicle applications. Launch shudder is caused by halfshaft constant velocity joint (CVJ) excitation of a powertrain mounting resonance. It is heavily dependent on the CVJ friction characteristics, axle torque, dynamic operating angles of the half shafts, the mounting system of the powertrain and the transfer path of vibration to the occupant’s seat. The need to model these parameters accurately makes a full vehicle, multi-body dynamics model a great candidate for this load case. This study introduces an approach to modeling, analysis and applications of launch shudder simulation at General Motors. With this model, variation studies can be completed to fully understand vehicle performance and improvements

Plank, Dara, Hong, Hyung-Joo, Gehringer, Mark, Hill, Wallace

Mobility Boundaries for the Wheel Normal Reaction

2022-01-042103/29/2022

When a vehicle moves over uneven ground, motion of the sprung and unsprung masses causes dynamic shifting in the load transmitted to the ground, making the normal reaction in the tire-soil patch a continuously changing wheel parameter that may affect vehicle performance. At high loads, sinkage of the wheel can become high as the wheel digs into the soil. At low loads, the wheel can have difficulty acquiring sufficient traction. Additionally, steerability of the wheel can be diminished at very low loads. Controlling the damping forces in the suspension that is usually used to improve ride quality and stabilize motion of the sprung mass can result in an increase in the dynamic variation of the wheel normal reaction and cause vehicle performance deterioration. In this paper, a method is developed to establish boundary constraints on the dynamic normal reaction to maintain reasonable tire-terrain mobility characteristics. Using an inverse dynamics approach, a time history of the dynamic

Paldan, Jesse, Vantsevich, Vladimir, Gorsich, David, Singh, Amandeep, Goryca, Jill, Moradi, Lee

Influence of Motor and Controller Integration in Electric vehicle performance

2022-01-078003/29/2022

Electric vehicle performance is depending on many of the system level performance of the vehicle. Motor and controller are designed individually but booth are dependent and these systems affect directly to the vehicle performance by right integration approach. This approach is explained in this paper clearly and well defined and processed for the Motor design and controller design. The integration system process plotted by using Motor design indent and controller design indent. Motor and controller losses are considered for the effective vehicle performance which deals the efficiency of the Motor and control system. The improved version of Motor control integration gives 10% improvements in overall vehicle performance. This approach is shown and evaluated the Vehicle performance by efficient integration approach of Motor and controller. Key words – Electric Vehicle, Motors, Controller integration and Vehicle integration.

Neelakandan, Varatharaj, B, Prabakaran

Bonnet Flutter Under Traffic Conditions

2022-01-109503/29/2022

Traditionally, vehicle aerodynamics development has focussed on the use of idealized environment conditions. For example, vehicle aerodynamics is often assessed and optimized using steady, low-turbulence, zero yaw onset flows. This idealized flow condition, while useful, leaves the range of onset flow conditions experienced by the vehicle in the real world largely unexplored. On the road, disturbances caused by atmospheric turbulence and traffic can have a significant impact on vehicle performance. In this paper we explore the impact of unsteady wake flows on the vehicle bonnet system. This is based on our previous work, which demonstrated that a combination of a Lattice-Boltzmann based Very Large Eddy flow simulation tool and Finite Element analysis, providing a one-way coupled CFD to FEA simulation can predict structural vibration of a vehicle bonnet due to aerodynamic excitation (“bonnet flutter”). Here, we use a previously validated Transient Boundary Seeding (TBS) technique to

Gaylard, Adrian P., Gargoloff, Joaquin, Arata, Jonathan, Jilesen, Jonathan

Cross-Domain Control Architecture – Single Master Controller for Propulsion and Chassis Automotive Domains

2022-01-090503/29/2022

The modern automotive industry field is in the middle of a huge transformation of the Electric & Electronics (E/E) system design in order to meet the future mobility trends: driven by autonomy, electrification and connectivity. Autonomy (as defined by SAE J3016) implies five levels of driving automation and will include an explosion of sensors and computing power. As well, functional safety and cybersecurity constraints will increase. Electrification implies replacing energy from thermal sources with electricity from the wall and will include enhanced integration between sub-systems and components, along with higher speed in real time controls. Connectivity will provide huge data mining capability, along with enhanced off-board communication (so-called "Vehicle-to-Everything" or V2X) and remote software updates (FOTA). For those reasons, the ongoing industry trend is to move to more centralized E/E architectures by combining and integrating sub-systems and controllers, from either a

Tavella, Domenico, Tolkacz, Joseph, Wasacz, Bryon, Peraboni, Dario, Corradi, Roberto

Novel Nanocrystalline Silver Alloy Coatings to Boost Performance of EV High Voltage Interconnects and Charging Interfaces

2022-01-087403/29/2022

Electric vehicle performance needs challenge connector designers and powertrain engineers with new paradigms for performance under more rigorous operational conditions. Traditional connector design protocols direct the engineer to silver plating for the contact interface, but these coatings have a maximum interface temperature of 170 C (ambient temperature plus T-rise). To avoid thermal runaway, engineers have to derate the ampacity of powertrain connections, which reduces available energy delivery as the temperature increases. This is especially true during transient power events like regenerative braking and acceleration. The soft nature of silver coatings make them well suited for power delivery and low contact resistance, but requires an engineering trade-off for wear durability. This is especially problematic for charging connectors which require tens of thousands of mating cycles before failure. In this work, we demonstrate the performance enhancements that can be achieved using

Griffiths, Peteris, HILTY, Robert, Chan, Lisa, Cahalen, John

An Analytical Model for Cost-Efficient Structural Materials Selection in Battery Electric Vehicles

2022-01-026603/29/2022

The secular trend of automotive body structure light-weighting for internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles is constrained by simultaneous and increasingly challenging vehicle cost, fuel economy and passenger safety standards. Mass optimization via materials selection in ICE vehicles, therefore, is ultimately dependent on the normalized cost of mass reduction solutions and the associated implications on passenger safety and vehicle performance metrics. These constraints have resulted in development and implementation of increasingly high specific-strength solutions for metallic components in the body structure and chassis. In contrast, mass optimization in battery electric vehicles is subject to alternative performance metrics to fuel efficiency, although considerations for vehicle safety and cost naturally remain directionally similar. In this study, an analytical model adapted from constrained optimization methodologies for BEV mass optimization is employed for determination of

Enloe, Charles M., Mohrbacher, Hardy

An Approach to Aggregate Finalization of Traction Motors and Controllers for 2 Wheeler Electric Vehicles.

2022-01-087503/29/2022

Electric two wheelers are fast growing segments in electric vehicles and the selection of Powertrain systems play key role in finalization of Vehicle design. The electric motor and controller are keeping its own design features which relates to vehicle performance.. In this paper, Motor and controller’s specification calculation with respect to the various scenario of Vehicle drive points have been investigated. Different drive point of Even and uneven roads, Hill climbing and down hills case results are discussed. The mathematical calculations and results are compared with Vehicle requirements. Key words – Electric Vehicle, Two wheeler, Motors, Controller and Vehicle drive cycle.

Neelakandan, Varatharaj, B, Prabakaran

On-board estimation of road adhesion coefficient based on ANFIS and UKF

2022-01-034703/29/2022

The road adhesion coefficient has a great impact on the performance of vehicle tires, which in turn affects vehicle safety and stability. A low coefficient of adhesion can significantly reduce the tire's traction limit. Therefore, the measurement of the coefficient is much helpful for automated vehicle control and stability control. Considering that the road adhesion coefficient is an inherent parameter of the road and it cannot be known directly from the information of the on-vehicle sensors. The novelty of this paper is to construct a road adhesion coefficient observer which considers the noise of sensors and measures the unknown state variable by the trained neural network. A Butterworth filter and Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Interference System (ANFIS) are combined to provide the lateral and longitudinal velocity which cannot be measured by regular sensors. Unscented Kalman filter (UKF) considering vehicle model, wheel model, and tire model is proposed to estimate the road adhesion

Chen, Zixuan, Duan, Yupeng, Wu, Jinglai, Zhang, Yunqing

SCV Chassis Performance Optimization through Parametric Beam Modelling & Simulation

2021-28-018310/01/2021

In automotive product development, design and development of the chassis plays an important role since all the internal and external loads pass through the vehicle chassis. Durability, NVH, Dynamics as well as overall vehicle performance is dependent on the chassis structure. Even though passenger vehicle chassis has a ladder frame or a monocoque construction, small commercial vehicle chassis is a hybrid chassis with the cabin welded to the ladder frame. As mileage is critical for sale of SCVs, making a light-weight chassis is also important. This creates a trade-off between the performance and weight which needs to be optimized. In this study, a parametric beam model of the ladder frame & the cabin of the vehicle is created in COMSOL Multiphysics. The structure has been parameterized into the long member & crossmember geometry and sections. The model calculates the first 12 natural frequencies, global stiffness, and weight. It has been validated and further used for optimization study

THANAPATI, ALOK Ranjan, Bhalerao, Mihir, Deshmukh, Chandrakant, Krishnan, Hareesh

Optimization of Spring-Damper orientation in Double-Wishbone type Suspension geometry using Genetic Algorithm in Python

2021-28-025610/01/2021

The orientation of the spring-damper system in a suspension geometry is a critical but hidden factor in vehicle performance characteristics. Spring and damper mounting characteristics are the significant factors to ensure proper contact of the tire with the ground, maintain ride height, minimize forces on spring, smooth ride, and driver comfort, as varying stiffness for spring orientation will affect the acceleration gain due to road excitation. Determining the spring orientation is conventionally a long and iterative process that involves lots of computational simulations and analytical expressions that should align with the practical vehicle constraints. Due to numerous possible orientations, the designer would randomly pick the orientation and do the simulation, which reduces the solution's reliability and the better solutions remain unexplored. This paper proposes a new methodology to optimize spring damper orientation in a suspension geometry using a genetic algorithm in Python

Madhan, Pratik, Gandhi, Om

Test-driven full vehicle modelling for ADAS algorithm development

2021-26-003309/22/2021

ADAS system development for safety as well as comfort is a major activity for all AOEMs and dedicated system suppliers. The development of these systems relies heavily on the availability of accurate driving dynamics models to validate the control algorithms and verify vehicle performance in realistic driving scenarios. AOEMs usually have access to high-fidelity full vehicle models but the availability of such models poses a significant challenge to software and sub-system suppliers. In order for them to develop their ADAS solutions, an accurate test-based model identification process using prototype or benchmark vehicles would be highly desirable. In this paper, a step-wise approach for the identification of the vehicle parameters in order to create an accurate 15-DOF (degree of freedom) vehicle dynamics model is proposed. The approach relies on an optimized use of vehicle driving test data to minimize test bench or laboratory testing. The test data is used to identify the various

Lugo, Lorenzo, Bartolozzi, Mirco, Vandermeulen, Wouter, Geluk, Theo, Dom, Steven

Comparison of different thermal management strategies in tropical conditions for Li ion batteries and the effect of using Phase change materials (PCM)

2021-26-014009/22/2021

The automobile sector is moving towards electrification as a replacement for the conventional IC Engine as the power source of vehicles. In electric vehicles, Li-ion battery is the widely used energy source for traction and is a major differentiator among various sub components that affect vehicle performance, safety and efficiency. The life of the battery pack is affected by different stress factors like SoC (state of charge), DoD (depth of discharge), C-rates (charge and discharge currents) and battery temperature. Out of the mentioned stress factors, the life of batteries is most influenced by the temperature excursion seen by the li-ion cells in the battery pack. There are various thermal management strategies available to keep the temperature under control like air cooling , chilled liquid cooling and hybrid cooling systems. The benefit of using Phase Change Materials (PCM) in case of hybrid cooling systems in mitigating thermal runaway propagation within the battery pack and the

Kumar, Tirukoti Mohan, C, Vijay Ram

Electrified Heavy-Duty 4-cylinder Engine Concept for Class 8 Trucks

2021-01-071904/06/2021

Current industry trends in both powertrain electrification and vehicle drag reduction point towards reduced peak and average power demands from the internal combustion engine in future long-haul class 8 vehicles. Downsizing the engine displacement to match these new performance requirements can yield a benefit in drive cycle efficiency through reduced friction and improved cruise load efficiency. Downsizing by reducing cylinder count avoids the heat loss and friction penalties from reduced per-cylinder displacement and could allow a manufacturer to continue to leverage the highly optimized combustion system from existing heavy-duty engines in the new downsized offering. The concept of this study is to leverage powertrain electrification and the improvement trends in vehicle aerodynamics and rolling resistance to develop a fuel economy focused, downsized heavy duty diesel powertrain for future long-haul vehicles utilizing a reduced cylinder count. Powertrain performance requirements

Smith, Edward M.

Opportunities for Medium and Heavy Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy Improvements through Hybridization

2021-01-071704/06/2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the fuel saving potential of various hybrid powertrain architectures for medium and heavy duty vehicles. The relative benefit of each powertrain was analyzed, and the observed fuel savings was explained in terms of operational efficiency gains, regenerative braking benefits from powertrain electrification and differences in vehicle curb weight. Vehicles designed for various purposes, namely urban delivery, utility, transit, refuse, drayage, regional and long haul were included in this work. Fuel consumption was measured in regulatory cycles and various real world representative cycles. A diesel-powered conventional powertrain variant was first developed for each case, based on vehicle technical specifications for each type of truck. Autonomie, a simulation tool developed by Argonne National Laboratory, was used for carrying out the vehicle modeling, sizing and fuel economy evaluation. Performance based sizing rules implemented in Autonomie

Nieto Prada, Daniela, Vijayagopal, Ram, Costanzo, Vincent

Developing Prediction Based Algorithms for Energy and Exergy Flow

2021-01-025804/06/2021

The future battlefield will include multiple dissimilar manned and unmanned aerial, ground, sea, and space vehicles working in concert with each other to support fires, logistics, maneuvers, communication, and coordination-based missions. Mission effectiveness and efficiency are often at odds, and due to the distributed and dissimilar energy flows inherent in Multi-Domain Operations (MDO) there is a need to understand, identify, and characterize the energy flows. The ability to analyze the energy flows and effectively maintain adequate energy reserves could provide strategic capabilities to the warfighters, permitting energy informed operations to maximize mission effectiveness and efficiency, while mitigating vulnerabilities. This research focuses on developing energy and exergy characterization through development of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for assessing and analyzing performance of a platform. These types of tools

Jane, Robert, Kim, CDT Tae, James, LTC Corey

CES 2021: Deere demos tractor, high-precision planter via virtual reality

21TOFHP02_0902/01/2021

Digital technology is rapidly transforming off-highway equipment, giving users more functionality and higher precision than is possible with human operators. John Deere highlighted its advanced electronic skills during the virtual CES 2021 conference in January by giving remote booth attendees virtual reality (VR) headsets that demonstrated its technical prowess. Deere highlighted its ExactEmerge planter technology and its 8RX track-type tractor during the virtual trade show. The two can be paired to boost yields, letting operators plant seeds with high precision even while running at 10 mph (16 km/h), double the rate possible with earlier generations.

Costlow, Terry

Technology Leaders: Industry Renaissance Transforms Invention, Learning, Production, and Trade

TBMG-3819612/01/2020

A profound societal transformation is underway on a scale not seen since the great European Renaissance. Then, Gutenberg’s printing press made books — and the knowledge they contained — available to all. Today, the new book is the experience. Digital technology, which enables virtual experiences, is enabling an Industry Renaissance that is shaking all sectors of society with new ways, both real and virtual, of inventing, learning, producing, and trading.

BMW reveals its first “M” performance-badged two-wheeler

20AUTP11_1111/01/2020

BMW has revealed its first-ever M-badged motorcycle, the M 1000 RR superbike. A heavily reworked version of the already-capable S 1000 RR sportbike, the new machine is riding the trend of track-focused machines, as the motorcycle industry watches sportbike sales follow the same path as sedans in the automotive world. BMW's highly regarded Motorsports division produced its first racecar (the 3.0 CSL) in 1972 and its first road-going car with the mid-engine M1 in 1978. Since then, the Munich-based auto- and motorrad-maker has since produced an M version of nearly every car it has manufactured, the 7 Series being a notable exception.

Seredynski, Paul

Study of Effects of Deposit Formation on GDi Injector and Engine Performance

2020-01-209909/15/2020

Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) vehicles now make up the majority of European new car sales and a significant share of the existing car parc. Despite delivering measurable engine efficiency benefits, GDI fuel systems are not without issues. Fuel injectors are susceptible to the formation of deposits in and around the injector nozzles holes. It is widely reported that these deposits can affect engine performance and that different fuels can alleviate the buildup of those deposits. This project aims to understand the underlying mechanisms of how deposit formation ultimately leads to a reduction in vehicle performance. Ten GDI fuel injectors, with differing levels of coking were taken from engine testing and consumer vehicles and compared using a range of imaging and engine tests. At the time of writing, a new GDI engine test is being developed by the Co-ordinating European Council (CEC) to be used by the fuel and fuel additive industry. One such test was used to precondition six of the

Pilbeam, Jonathan James, Thomson, Alex Robert, Sahu, Amrit B., Liu, Haoye, Xu, Hongming

Performance Analysis and Economic Feasibility of Fuel Cell Vehicles: A Perspective Review

2020-01-225609/15/2020

Automotive industries have been a significant contributor to global warming over the last 30 years. Due to the excessive increase in environmental degradation, research has been conducted extensively in various fields to explore sustainable alternatives to IC engines. Therefore, heavy emphasis is being laid on Battery-run Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs). BEVs are facing their own set of challenges when it comes to production, recharge time, battery capacity and net carbon footprint, among other issues. However, FCEVs offer certain new opportunities for the automobile sector to foray into a sustainable space. This study aims to review the performance of fuel cell vehicles against the parameters of economic feasibility, technological feasibility, energy efficiency. Recent developments in fuel cell research have been discussed. The feasibility of these developments corresponding to FCEV applications has been reviewed in view of the challenges to the

Tomar, Mukul, Choudhary, Manas, Jain, Devanshu, Kumar, Naveen

Road Load Measurement Using Onboard Anemometry and Coastdown Techniques

J2263_202005 (Current)

05/26/2020

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes a procedure for determination of vehicle road load force for speeds between 115 km/h and 15 km/h (or between 70 mph and 10 mph). It employs the coastdown method and applies to vehicles designed for on-road operation. The final result is a model of road load force (as a function of speed) during operation on a dry, level road under reference conditions of 20 °C (68 °F), 98.21 kPa (29.00 in-Hg), no wind, no precipitation, and the transmission in neutral.

Light Duty Vehicle Performance and Economy Measure Committee