Browse Topic: Airports

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Roll Take-Off Model for Tiltrotor Preliminary DesignF-0081-2025-02455/20/2025
In the last years, new rotorcraft configurations have increased the attention among industries, through which the tiltrotor one due to its capability of combining both rotorcraft and aircraft advantages. However, there are situations where the vertical take-off mode could be enhanced in hard environmental and flight conditions. Therefore, to address this challenge, this work aims to develop a methodology to characterize a roll take-off model for a general tiltrotor configuration in such situations. By combining the integration of the equation of motion and geometrical assumptions, the runway distance is determined for an acceptable range of nacelle tilting angles. The process is developed by meeting the requirements defined by the regulations, combining the aircraft certification standards (CS23 and CS25) with the available tiltrotor certification basis from the FAA project #TC3419RC-R. Following the Nominal application, a sensitivity analysis is carried out, which studies the main
Passarelli D'Onofrio, Anna Sofia, Pecoraro, Matteo
Augusta Regional Airport Preparation for Transformative VTOL Air Vehicle OperationsF-0081-2025-01325/20/2025
The emergence of electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL) air vehicles is transforming how people and freight are moved in short distances. This transformation has a profound impact on surrounding infrastructure necessary to provide Aircraft On Ground support for eVTOLs. The hover capabilities of eVTOLs have similar operating characteristics within terminal and uncontrolled airspace. However, the need to conserve battery energy via rapid approaches and departures affects terminal airspace management. To attract eVTOL operators, existing airports, landing zones, and vertiports are modifying their infrastructure to include fixed electric charging stations, additional taxiways, upgraded fire suppression systems, separate hangers, and capable MRO facilities. Augusta Regional Airport (KAGS) is the base airport for the annual Masters Golf Tournament which experiences five times the normal airport traffic and some 40,000 commuting patrons. eVTOLs can offset land traffic issues associated
Stanzione, Kaydon, Johnston, Diane
History and Future of VTOL Air FreightF-0080-2024-13775/7/2024
Transporting cargo has been a goal of helicopter operations since the earliest days of development. The concept of carrying passengers and cargo from and to remote locations without a runway was originally exploited by the US military in times of peace and war. Early helicopter designs were limited in fixed useful load after onboarding crew and fuel. The 1940's saw helicopters transporting small, lightweight packages on an as-needed basis. The decade of the 1960's started seeing heavy lift helicopters transporting specialty loads in construction and logistics supply, again on an as-needed basis. Today, several Part 135 helicopter operators offer as needed VTOL cargo services. Blade Air Mobility has developed a successful public company business model in Part 135 passenger transport and is also expanding in carrying parcels. With the advent of transformative VTOL air vehicle designs, there has been increasing emphasis on examining parcel delivery on a regular basis. As omni-channel
Stanzione, Kaydon, Schrage, Daniel
Computational Investigation of a Flexible Airframe Taxiing Over an Uneven Runway for Aircraft Vibration Testing01-17-02-001112/15/2023
Ground vibration testing (GVT) is an important phase of the development, or the structural modification of an aircraft program. The modes of vibration and their associated parameters extracted from the GVT are used to modify the structural model of the aircraft to make more reliable dynamics predictions to satisfy certification authorities. Due to the high cost and the extensive preparations for such tests, a new method of vibration testing called taxi vibration testing (TVT) rooted in operational modal analysis (OMA) was recently proposed and investigated by the German Institute for Aerospace Research (DLR) as alternative to conventional GVT. In this investigation, a computational framework based on fully coupled flexible multibody dynamics for TVT is presented to further investigate the applicability of the TVT to flexible airframes. The time domain decomposition (TDD) method for OMA was used to postprocess the response of the airframe during a TVT. The framework was then used to
Al-bess, Lohay, Khouli, Fidel
An Airport & Vertiport/Aircraft Compatibility Approach of Electric Vertical Takeoff & Landing Aircraft DesignF-0079-2023-180605/16/2023
ABSTRACT
Bris, Gaël, Nguyen, Loup-Giang
Operating the Navigation Database Server from Ground Station2022-26-12535/26/2022
Abstract The main aim of operating the navigation database server from ground station is to operate a single navigation database server across all aircrafts and navigation database updates can be performed at one place. which will be effective and quick, thus no need to update the navigation database in each flight for every 28 days. Existing System: Currently Collins FMS NDB architecture mainly contains three components, namely Navigation database server, Navigation database client (API) and Navigation database. FMS is responsible for creating Navigation database server, client connections, checking the database paths to ensure they are usable, handling errors and exceptions. Navigation Database contains a set of files and each file contains a set of records related to Airports runways and airways etc., Navigation database client is responsible for creating query messages based on user input and initiating search requests to the navigation database server and also it provides the
kollapudi, Sudheer
Artificial Intelligence Enabled Model for Real Time Prediction of Aircraft Touch-Down Point2022-26-11925/26/2022
Approach and Landing are critical phases of flight. On a typical flight with a duration of 1.5 hours, the landing phase accounts for approximately 1% of total time. Statistics and past data indicate that landing accidents, in jet powered aircraft, result in about 20% of aviation related accidents / incidents. Criticality of landing phase is further accentuated when an aircraft lands on table top runways with short runway during adverse climatic conditions. Studies have indicated that risk of runway overruns increase by 55% due to ‘long landings’. The proposed idea is an attempt to reduce long landings by accurately predicting the touchdown point and generating an alert to ATC in real time, in case of deviations, thereby, avoiding runway excursions caused by long landings. The proposed solution makes use of ADS-B out data received from aircraft with additional parameters gathered from a multitude of sensors in real time and predicts the precise touch down point based on trajectory
Padmanabhan, Suresh, Sunkara, Bhanu Prakash
An Autonomous Ground Based Multi Sensor Data Fused TDR Prediction and Monitoring System2022-26-12275/26/2022
According to a study conducted by IATA, EASA and ICAO, runway excursions are common type of incidents that leads to major accidents. Runway excursion predominantly occur due to incorrect utilization of the touchdown zone (TDZ). A ground-based multi-sensor data fused touchdown region (TDR) prediction and monitoring system is proposed in this paper. This system autonomously analyses real-time environmental data with remote sensing capability around the runway site, gathers real-time information on flight critical parameters of approaching aircraft through an ADS-B Out data link, predicts ideal TDR over the runway TDZ for a particular aircraft, and estimates the expected contemporaneous TDR based on the monitored current approach profile. If the ideal and expected TDR do not overlap, there is a chance for an excursion. In such cases, the flight parameter that needs corrective action is determined and notified to the pilot. In order to analyze dynamic environmental data, mathematical
Nagonda, Ajay Nagarajan, Manjunath, Karthik
Safety Considerations on the Operation of Electric Vertical and Takeoff Landing (VTOL) Aircraft at Airports and VertiportsF-0078-2022-176105/10/2022
ABSTRACT
Bris, Gaël, Nguyen,  Loup-Giang
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Los Angeles World Airports Innovating the Passenger Experience131537/8/2021
The airline industry is gradually emerging from a devastating hit as the world rebounds from the shut downs caused by COVID-19. On the path back to "normal," digitization, innovation and sustainability are transforming the travel experience. Justin Erbacci, CEO, Los Angeles World Airports, is doing his part to revolutionize the airport experience through biometrics, food and beverage delivery to the gate, and FlyAway bus service at @LAXAirport - and that's just the beginning! Tune in to hear how Erbacci and his team are propelling LAX into the future and setting the tone in the industry.
Hineman, Marcie
Carbon Neutrality, Reduction and Offset-Aviation Solutions in the 21st Century2021-01-00393/2/2021
Begun in 2016, the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) was developed and agreed by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 191 Member States, while the Airport Carbon Accreditation was developed by the Airports, Council International Europe as a carbon management system and certification. The aviation industry has its own offsetting scheme to measure aviation emissions and carbon offsetting and it has become the first industry sector which leads the world making commitments to reduce emissions. CORSIA and the Airport Carbon Accreditation are programs that impose carbon management obligations on the aviation industry. The training product to be presented, will clarify for the first time how to go beyond mere compliance and exceed the carbon reduction requirements of these instruments by achieving carbon neutrality in operations, to decrease costs, boost revenue, productivity and customer experience for airlines, airports and ground service
Nyamdorj, Bolormaa, Anaka, Wayne, Stoica, Andrei, Sushant, Sushant, Ortega, Joshua, Helm, Brittney, Moreira, Paula
House Noise-Reduction Measurements for Use in Studies of Aircraft Flyover NoiseAIR1081A (Current)12/22/2020
A-21 Aircraft Noise Measurement Aviation Emission Modeling
House Noise-Reduction Measurements for Use in Studies of Aircraft Flyover NoiseAIR1081A-TEST-REC (Historical)12/22/2020
A-21 Aircraft Noise Measurement Aviation Emission Modeling
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Why Infrastructure Planning is Undergoing a Massive Shift1291310/29/2020
A strong infrastructure is the backbone for transportation. This week, host Grayson Brulte sits down with Malcolm Dougherty, Sr. Vice President and National Practice Executive at global engineering firm Michael Baker International to talk about creating a seamless multimodal transportation system that positively benefits society. He looks at his career journey, which began when the U.S. was finishing the interstate highway system, and how we've moved to a more strategic approach for handling transportation, mobility, access and demand. Malcolm discusses planning for a frictionless mobility future through singular payment options and connected modes of travel; the infrastructure changes and energy grid improvements needed to further support the shift to electric cars and buses; and how airports and stadiums, especially those in dense urban environments, will be impacted by vehicle electrification. Learn more about Michael Baker International at https://mbakerintl.com.
Hineman, Marcie
Algorithm Protects Networks by Detecting Adversarial ActionsTBMG-3780310/1/2020
Researchers developed a novel algorithm to protect networks by allowing for the detection of adversarial actions that can be missed by current analytical methods. A higher-order network could look for subtle changes in a stream of data that could point to suspicious activity.
Photogrammetric Frost Roughness Measurements in Cold-Soaked Conditions2019-01-19706/10/2019
Cold-soaked fuel frost (CSFF) is a form of aircraft wing contamination that occurs when a vehicle caries sufficient fuel for multiple trips or take-offs and landings. Following the first trip, which may reach altitudes above 10,000 m (33,000 ft), the fuel for the subsequent trips is carried in the wing tanks and may reach temperatures below -25 °C. In certain times of the year at some airports, temperatures and humidity levels will form CSFF on the aircraft wing surfaces over the fuel tanks. Unless an exemption is granted for the specific aircraft model, aircraft are not allowed to takeoff if the wing surfaces are contaminated by frost. Because aircraft operators desire to minimize vehicle time spent at airports, aircraft manufacturers are expected to pursue designs that safely operate with CSFF at takeoff and to pursue certification exemptions for aircraft models enabling CSFF takeoffs. To assist manufacturers in the design of future aircraft and to assist regulators in evaluating
Miyauchi, Taber, McClain, Stephen T., Zhang, Tongxin, O'Neal, Dennis L., Riley, James T.
Runway Deicing Product Anti/Deicing Performance Assessment: Review and Future Directions2019-01-19746/10/2019
Every winter, northern airport operations are disrupted by heavy snowstorms and freezing precipitations. A simple snow accumulation or a thin layer of ice can affect aircraft operations (take-off, landing and taxi), and increase the risk for passengers and crew members, by rendering the runway slippery. Any deficits in deicing operations can also lead to flight delays and even cancellations that cost a lot to the industry. In order to maintain the runway and taxiway in a safe and useable condition, airport authorities use mechanical tools, but also chemical products. Chemical products available on the market for use in airports are principally in solid forms and liquid form, and are denominated as Runway Deicing Product (RDP). All of the products used in airport should meet the technical requirements of one of the two Aerospace Materials Specifications (AMS) documents: the AMS1431D Compound, Solid Runway and taxiway Deicing/Anti-icing and the AMS1435C Fluid, Generic, Deicing/Anti-icing
Brassard, Jean-Denis, Laforte, Caroline, Tremblay, Marc Mario, Volat, Christophe
Prediction of Weather Impacts on Airport Arrival Meter Fix Capacity2019-01-13503/19/2019
This paper introduces a data driven model for predicting airport arrival capacity with 2-8 hour look-ahead forecast data. The model is suitable for air traffic flow management by explicitly investigating the impact of convective weather on airport arrival meter fix throughput. Estimation of the arrival airport capacity under arrival meter fix flow constraints due to severe weather is an important part of Air Traffic Management (ATM). Airport arrival capacity can be reduced if one or more airport arrival meter fixes are partially or completely blocked by convective weather. When the predicted airport arrival demands exceed the predicted available airport’s arrival capacity for a sustained period, Ground Delay Program (GDP) operations will be triggered by ATM system. Severe imbalances between demand and capacity occur most frequently when the airport capacity is severely degraded due to either bad airport terminal surface weather or inclement convective weather around airport arrival
Wang, Yao
The Seat Interference Potential as an Indicator for the Aircraft Boarding Progress2017-01-21139/19/2017
Passenger boarding is always part of the critical path of the aircraft turnaround: both efficient boarding and online prediction of the boarding progress are essential for a reliable turnaround progress. However, the boarding progress is mainly controlled by the passenger behavior. A fundamental scientific approach for aircraft boarding enables the consideration of individual passenger behaviors and operational constraints in order to develop a sustainable concept for enabling a prediction of the boarding progress. A reliable microscopic simulation approach is used to model the passenger behavior, where the individual movement is defined as a one-dimensional, stochastic, and time/space discrete transition process. The simulation covers a broad range of behaviors and boarding strategies as well as the integration of new technologies and procedures. Future cabin management systems will provide an enabling infrastructure to further improve the overall turnaround process and to allow for
Schultz, Michael
Characterization and Discrimination of Aircrafts and Runways Winter Maintenance Anti-Icing Fluids2017-01-21409/19/2017
Aircrafts and runways de-icing operations with anti-icing fluids are still the most commonly used methods. In the specific case of aircrafts, they do contain glycols. Nevertheless, since two decades now, major environmental concerns are raised, along with important associated costs. Furthermore, once applied either on aircrafts or on runways, these fluids are diluted because of water brought from adverse weather conditions (rain, snow, icy conditions), conducting to increasing the freezing point from a subzero level to 0°C. The characterization of the freezing points of these fluids is indeed crucial for safety reasons. For years now, Raman spectroscopy is used for the characterization of these fluids, specifically the freezing point. But the presence of dyes did perturb the usual spectroscopic characterization. Three fluids, from their pure commercial form to highly diluted rate, were then studied by means of Raman spectroscopy at a new laser wavelength, and with the support of
Marchetti, Mario, Casteran, Guillaume, Jobard, Celine, Saintot, Bruno, Bourson, Patrice, Fontana, Marc
Runway Independent High Speed CarterCopter BizJetF-0073-2017-123015/9/2017
ABSTRACT Carter Aviation Technologies, LLC has spent over 20 years developing aircraft concepts utilizing its Slowed Rotor/Compound (SR/C™) technology, a technology that offers VTOL capability with fixed-wing cruise performance in a much simpler and less expensive method than other high speed VTOL approaches, with a rotor always in autorotation in case of emergency. Key to this technology is a rotor and related control system that can be dramatically slowed in flight while remaining stable. Multiple manned demonstrators have demonstrated the feasibility of the technology, as well as provided solid experimental flight test data on performance potential. Carter is now utilizing this technology for a new aircraft concept, the CarterCopter BizJet, to provide runway independent operation with business jet cruise performance, carrying up to nine people at top speeds exceeding 500 mph (435+ ktas or 805+ km/hr). This paper will focus on this new platform, its features, and capabilities.
Jr., Jay, Lewis, Jeffrey
Fluid, Deicing/Anti-Icing, Runways and Taxiways Glycol BaseAMS1426D (Current)8/15/2016
This specification covers a glycol-base deicing/anti-icing material in the form of a liquid.
G-12 Runway Deicing Product Committee
Energy Self Sufficient Aircrafts Can Become Reality through New Propulsion Design Approaches2015-01-24849/15/2015
This paper focuses on the key problem of future aeronautics: which relates on energy efficiency and environmental footprint on a scientific point of view. Reducing emissions and increasing the energy efficiency would be both a key element to propel the market and increase the diffusion of personal aerial transport against ground transportation. Novel vehicle concepts and systems will be necessary to propel this innovation which could revolutionize our way of moving. This paper approaches an energetic preliminary design of a vehicle concept which could fulfill this social and cultural objective. Low cost energy efficient vehicles, which could be suitable for personal use with a high economic efficiency and without needs of airports, seem actually a real dream. Otherwise, is it a feasible goal or a scientific dream? Otherwise, a design method based on first and second law and thermodynamic and constructal law could allow reaching those goals. This paper presents a preliminary design of a
Trancossi, Michele, Dumas, Antonio, Niccolai, Guido, Pascoa, Jose
Novel Aircraft Ground Operation Concepts Based on Clustering of Interfaces2015-01-24019/15/2015
The projected uptick in world passenger traffic challenges the involved stakeholders to optimise the current aviation system and to find new solutions being able to cope with this trend. Since especially large hub airports are congested, operate at their capacity limit and further extensions are difficult to realise. Delays due to late arrival of aircraft or less predictable ground operation processes disrupt the airport operations in a serious way. Various concepts improving the current turnaround processes have been presented thus far, whereby radical aircraft design changes have little chances for realisation in the short term. By maintaining the established overall aircraft configuration, the concepts promote higher probability to become commercially available for aircraft manufactures and operators. Based on a clustering of aircraft interfaces, such as doors and service panels, for state-of-the-art passenger aircraft, concepts targeting to reduce the required resources and time
Schmidt, Michael, Nguyen, Philipp, Hornung, Mirko
Hamburg Airport Relies on Drive Technology to Keep Bags MovingTBMG-229349/1/2015
Hamburg Airport in Germany handles nine million pieces of baggage every year. For the baggage handling staff, the reliability of the conveyor system and the prevention of faults are the highest priorities. The breakdown of even a single component of the system would result in a backlog and unacceptable delays.
Anti-Icing Comparative Performance Skid Test for Runway Deicers2015-01-20766/15/2015
This study presents a new method to evaluate and compare the anti-icing performance, i.e., the ability to delay the reformation of ice, of runways and taxiways deicing/anti-icing fluids (RDF) under icing precipitation, based on the skid resistance values, obtained with the Portable Skid Resistance Tester (PSRT). In summary, the test consists of applying, on a standardized concrete pavement sample, a given quantity of de-icing fluid. Following this application, the concrete sample is submitted to low freezing drizzle intensities, in a cold chamber at −5.0 ± 0.3°C. The skid resistance of concrete is measured at 5 minute intervals, until the concrete becomes completely iced. The anti-icing performance of 5 different fluids, both experimental and commercial, was assessed in comparison with a reference solution of 50% w/w K-formate. The anti-icing performance is analyzed based on two parameters: the duration (Icing Protection Time, IPT) and the effectiveness of this protection. Under test
Laforte, Caroline, Wesley, Neal, Tremblay, Marc Mario
Conclusive Aircraft Lighting Approach for Reducing Maintenance and Improving Safety2014-01-21239/16/2014
Advanced technologies in LED's have the potential to reduce maintenance and improve aircraft safety. Aircrafts need adequate illumination for night time landing. New technology such as high-power LEDs allow for better suited light distributions, more whitish light compatible for mesopic lighting conditions and reduced glare in adverse weather conditions. LEDs and the associated electronics are more susceptible to harsh environmental conditions and this needs to be accounted for in the design of the equipment. Highly conductive metal core PCBs (MCPCB) allow for adequate cooling in a mirror telescopic optical arrangement when coupled with robust active cooling. Closed loop optical feedback of output flux ensures constant performance over the lifetime of the light unit and allows for indication of remaining useful life to the operator to plan maintenance activities. Parylene coating inhibits premature degradation of the LEDs induced by water vapor and corrosive gases.
Hessling, Andre
Bell 412EPI Engine and Glass Cockpit UpgradeF-0070-2014-96545/20/2014
This paper introduces the Bell 412EPI engine and glass cockpit upgrade. Design features of the Pratt and Whitney Canada (P&WC) PT6T-9 Twin Pac® and the Bell BasiX-Pro® Integrated Avionics System are described. The certification approach, aircraft development, and flight testing are discussed. Procedures and flight profiles for Category A takeoffs are shown for three types of surfaces, Ground Level Helipad, Elevated Helipad, and Runway. Example time histories of measured data are presented for Rejected Takeoffs and Completed Takeoff maneuvers. Hover and Category A performance data are shown, and comparisons are made to the baseline Bell 412EP. A fifteen percent increase in hot day takeoff power available results in increased hover capability. New 30-second OEI, 2-minute OEI, and Continuous OEI ratings provide substantial increases in Category A gross weight capability.
Schillings, John, Oltheten, Erik, Greenwood, Jeff, Thomas, BJ, Runge, Hans, Sowers, Dale
USV3: An Autonomous Space Vehicle with Re-Entry and Landing Capability2013-01-21969/17/2013
CIRA, the Italian Aerospace Research Centre, in the framework of the national space program has carried out a feasibility study of a future re-entry spacecraft concept with automatic re-entry and landing operational capability. Such vehicle will be injected in a LEO orbit (i.e. 300km) by the VEGA launcher to execute few revolutions around the Earth and then perform an automatic re-entry flight. After de-boosting by the VEGA AVUM upper stage the vehicle will execute an autonomous flight from hypersonic to subsonic regimes allowing terminal area energy maneuvers, approach and landing on conventional runways. Different challenging design and technology performance shall be fulfilled by the vehicle configuration, materials and functional architecture. In particular, the vehicle shall exhibit improved aerodynamic and maneuverability characteristics together with innovative GNC approach allowing more flexibility in the re-entry trajectories, as compared to typical lifting re-entry vehicles
De Stefano Fumo, Mario, Guidotti, Giuseppe, Paletta, Nicola, Richiello, Camillo, Vecchione, Ludovico
De-Icer Quantification and Phase Transition Detection by Raman Spectroscopy2013-01-21019/17/2013
Winter maintenance is based on the intervention of operating services, as well as the use of deicers. Each year, in France, thousands of tons of deicers are spread through runways and taxiways. On the airport sector, the main deicers are sodium or potassium acetates and formates. All these deicers aim to prevent ice formation (preventive strategy) and/or improve the ice melting of snow residual film (curative strategy) at temperatures below 0°C. The operating principle of these compounds is based on the lowering of the solution's freezing point once dissolved in water. The phase diagram's knowledge is predominant to determine the deicer's amount to be applied on the surface. It provides a way to optimize their amounts applied with respect to weather conditions, present or forecasted. The Center for Technical Studies of Equipment in East of France (CETE de l'Est) developed and implemented a method based on Raman spectroscopy to characterize aqueous solutions of airport de-icers. This
Durickovic, Ivana, Marchetti, Mario, Poissonnier, Stephanie, Casteran, Guillaume, Mansour, Rachel, Schweigert, Nathalie, Mars, Benoit
Power Management System for the Electric Taxiing System Incorporating the More Electric Architecture2013-01-21069/17/2013
With airlines increasingly directing their attention to operating costs and environmental initiatives, the More Electric Architecture for Aircraft and Propulsion (MEAAP) is emerging as a viable solution for improved performance and eco-friendly aircraft operations. This paper focuses on electric taxiing that does not require the use of jet engines or the auxiliary power unit (APU) during taxiing, either from the departure gate to take-off or from landing to the arrival gate. Many researchers and engineers are considering introducing electric taxiing systems as part of efforts to improve airport conditions. To help cut aircraft emissions at airports, MEAAP seeks to introduce an electric taxiing system that would reduce the duration for which engines and APUs operate while on the ground. Given this goal, the aircraft electrical system deployed for use at airports must rely on a power source other than the jet engines or APU. A report based on a specific airport indicates that use of the
Oyori, Hitoshi, Morioka, Noriko
Optimization of Airships with Constructal Design for Efficiency Method2013-01-21689/17/2013
It is possible to define a novel optimization method, which aims to overcome the traditional Multidisciplinary Design Optimization. It aims to improve Constructal design method to optimize complex systems such as vehicles. The proposed method is based on the constructal principle and it is articulated in different stages: 1 preliminary top-down design process to ensure that the full system has one of the best configurations for the specified goals (contour conditions for constructal optimization could be stated ensuring an effective optimization at full-system level). 2 constructal optimization of the elemental components of the system to maximize the system performances; 3 eventually a competitive comparison between different configurations choosing the better one. The definition of an optimized flying vehicle (an airship) has been produced an example of this improved design method with the objective of minimizing the energy consumption during flight. Following this method, this paper
Trancossi, Michele, Dumas, Antonio, Madonia, Mauro
Aircraft Noise Source Identification Using a Microphone Array: Montreal-Trudeau Airport Test Campaign2013-01-21299/17/2013
This paper summarizes the techniques used during a microphone array test campaign performed at Pierre-Elliott-Trudeau Airport in Montréal, Québec (Canada) during the summer of 2012. Emphasis is put on the actual measurement campaign as only a limited amount of analysis has been performed at this stage. An aircraft position tracking tool is presented along with the beamforming algorithms that were used. Over 500 aircraft were recorded during this test. A comparison of known tonal sources associated to a specific aircraft type is made between different airlines in order to evaluate the repeatability of the method.
Lapointe, Robby, Berry, Alain, Camier, Cédric, Blais, Jean-Francois, Patenaude-Dufour, Mathieu, Gauthier, Philippe-Aubert, Padois, Thomas, Provencher, Jonathan
Open LED ProtectorsTBMG-157572/1/2013
Littelfuse, Inc. (Chicago, IL) has developed a new line of open LED protectors optimized to provide superior protection against open LEDs. The PLED6M Series LED protector is designed to provide a switching electronic shunt path when an LED in an LED string fails as an open circuit. This ensures that the entire array of LEDs will continue providing illumination even if a single LED in the string fails. The new LED protectors provide greater lighting reliability in applications where uninterrupted illumination is critical, such as street, subway, runway, and tunnel lighting, as well as vehicle headlights, roadside warning lights, and outdoor signage.
Amplifier Module for 260-GHz Band Using Quartz Waveguide TransitionsTBMG-1506811/1/2012
Packaging of MMIC LNA (monolithic microwave integrated circuit low-noise amplifier) chips at frequencies over 200 GHz has always been problematic due to the high loss in the transition between the MMIC chip and the waveguide medium in which the chip will typically be used. In addition, above 200 GHz, wirebond inductance between the LNA and the waveguide can severely limit the RF matching and bandwidth of the final waveguide amplifier module.
Energetic Design and Optimization of a Large Photovoltaic Stratospheric Unconventional Feeder Airship2012-01-216610/22/2012
This paper presents a model of energetic consumption and photovoltaic production for a large airship which acts as feeder connecting the ground with a large cruiser. The analysis of energy needs and productivity allows defining both an ideal sizing and operative mission profiles. The specialised mission of this airship is to ascent and descent. It includes also the connection with the airport buildings on the ground and with the cruiser at high altitude. Photovoltaic production has evaluated in terms of hydrogen and electric propulsion. They have estimated both and a calculation methodology has proposed. The evaluation has supported by CFD evaluations on aerodynamic behaviour of the system at various altitudes.
Dumas, Antonio, Trancossi, Michele, Madonia, Mauro
Embedded Graphics ProcessorTBMG-144558/1/2012
Rockwell Collins (Cedar Rapids, IA), a designer of communications and avionics systems for the aerospace and defense industries, has selected the AMD Radeon™ E2400 embedded graphics processor for inclusion in its integrated flight deck product, Pro Line Fusion™. Chosen for its 3D graphics rendering capabilities, the E2400 generates realistic graphical models of the external aircraft environment to improve awareness of terrain, obstacles, and runways in low-visibility conditions. Pilots use the critical information to make informed decisions through the various phases of flight.
Design and Flight Test of a Primary Flight Display Combined Vision System11VATC400043/19/2012
A series of flight tests were conducted to design and evaluate a Combined Vision System (CVS) that integrates a forward looking infrared video image with synthetic vision on a primary flight display. System features included colorizing the video image to mesh with the synthetic terrain background, decluttering the approach symbology to facilitate the detection of the approach lights and runway markings, creating a semi-transparent IR sky to ensure continuous situational awareness of the surrounding terrain, and annunciating the decision height to facilitate the transition to the actual runway environment. Over 100 approaches were flown during three flight test sessions. For the first flight test session pilots reviewed early CVS proofs of concept on Honeywell's Citation Sovereign. During the approach in low visibility conditions, the Pilot Flying remained head-down to 100 ft AGL, at which time he lifted his head and made a subjective judgment of whether he could easily and safely
May, Patricia
A Quantitative Risk Analysis for AeroMACS Network Security in SESAR11VATC301013/16/2012
The growing need for an efficient worldwide airspace system management, generated by an increasing traffic load, requires new capabilities for air-ground data communication technologies. In order to cope with these requirements, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), EUROCONTROL, and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) have jointly made specific recommendations for candidate technologies for the airport surface communication network. In the SESAR project, the Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communication System (AeroMACS) technology is being developed in such a way to provide next generation broadband and wireless data communications for airport surface applications (i.e. Air Traffic Control ? ATC, Airline Operational Communications ? AOC, and surface vehicles services). As the airport surface communication system involves many heterogeneous application flows, digital information security has been considered as among the highest priority concerns in the air transport
Slim, Mohamed
Cryogenic 160-GHz MMIC Heterodyne Receiver ModuleTBMG-1221512/1/2011
A cryogenic 160-GHz MMIC heterodyne receiver module has demonstrated a system noise temperature of 100 K or less at 166 GHz. This module builds upon work previously described in “Development of a 150-GHz MMIC Module Prototype for Large-Scale CMB Radiation” (NPO-47664), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 35, No. 8 (August 2011), p. 27. In the original module, the local oscillator signal was saturating the MMIC low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) with power. In order to suppress the local oscillator signal from reaching the MMIC LNAs, the W-band (75–110 GHz) signal had to be filtered out before reaching 140–170 GHz. A bandpass filter was developed to cover 120–170 GHz, using microstrip parallelcoupled lines to achieve the desired filter bandwidth, and ensure that the unwanted W-band local oscillator signal would be sufficiently suppressed.
On-Board Trajectory Optimization of RNAV Departure and Arrival Procedures Concerning Emissions and Population Annoyance2011-01-259510/18/2011
The increasing pressure to cut aircraft emissions in the last decades have resulted in more efficient aircrafts, employing new generation engines and highly advanced wing designs. Nevertheless, as aircraft fleet grows, efficiency gains from both technological and operational improvements will most probably be surpassed. Therefore, even more ambitious improvements shall be necessary to reduce overall aviation impact. In addition, not only pollutant emissions have to be reduced, but also the noise impact on communities in airports’ neighborhood. This might conflict with the goal of lower fuel consumption, and has to be studied case by case. Current in-use departure and approach procedures are far from optimal - even when developed with the aim of being either noise or fuel-efficient. In this work, we present the ongoing research on an online trajectory modeling tool based on optimal control techniques, capable of obtaining and redesigning flight procedures automatically. The objective is
Fernandes de Oliveira, Rafael, Büskens, Christof
Modeling Weather Impact on Ground Delay Programs2011-01-268010/18/2011
Scheduled arriving aircraft demand may exceed airport arrival capacity when there is abnormal weather at an airport. In such situations, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) institutes ground-delay programs (GDP) to delay flights before they depart from their originating airports. Efficient GDP planning depends on the accuracy of prediction of airport capacity and demand in the presence of uncertainties in weather forecast. This paper presents a study of the impact of dynamic airport surface weather on GDPs. Using the National Traffic Management Log, effect of weather conditions on the characteristics of GDP events at selected busy airports is investigated. Two machine learning methods are used to generate models that map the airport operational conditions and weather information to issued GDP parameters and results of validation tests are described.
Wang, Yao, Kulkarni, Deepak
A New Methodology of Airport Zoning Aiming to Control the Encroachment and Adverse Effects of Noise2010-36-052810/17/2010
With the growth of urban areas, the areas adjacent to airports are becoming densely inhabited, causing a big problem known as encroachment. The encroachment occurs when a significant portion of the population is submitted to the adverse effects of noise, even outside the areas of restricted use established by the airport zoning. The metric used for the airport zoning in many countries and in Brazil is the DNL (Day Night Level). This metric is associated to the average sound energy produced by all aeronautical events during a period of 24 hours, with weighting of 10 dB(A) during the night. However, the use of DNL for airport zoning can lead to different results for noise levels, daytime and nighttime, depending on the seasonality of airport activity in those periods. The paper proposes a study of alternatives for the airport zoning based on the Brazilian Standard ABNT/NBR 10151. It also presents a comparative analysis between the indices of encroachment through a Geographic Information
Heleno, T. A., Salazar, P. B., Slama, J. G.
Situational Lightning ClimatologiesTBMG-84569/1/2010
Research has revealed distinct spatial and temporal distributions of lightning occurrence that are strongly influenced by large-scale atmospheric flow regimes. It was believed there were two flow systems, but it has been discovered that actually there are seven distinct flow regimes.
Demonstration of a Submillimeter-Wave HEMT Oscillator Module at 330 GHzTBMG-80576/1/2010
In this work, radial transitions have been successfully mated with a HEMT-based MMIC (high-electron-mobility-transistor-based monolithic microwave integrated circuit) oscillator circuit. The chip has been assembled into a WR2.2 waveguide module for the basic implementation with radial E-plane probe transitions to convert the waveguide mode to the MMIC coplanar waveguide mode. The E-plane transitions have been directly integrated onto the InP substrate to couple the submillimeter-wave energy directly to the waveguides, thus avoiding wirebonds in the RF path. The oscillator demonstrates a measured 1.7 percent DC-RF efficiency at the module level.
RF Device for Acquiring Images of the Human BodyTBMG-78775/1/2010
A safe, non-invasive method for forming images through clothing of large groups of people, in order to search for concealed weapons either made of metal or not, has been developed. A millimeter wavelength scanner designed in a unique, ring-shaped configuration can obtain a full 360° image of the body with a resolution of less than a millimeter in only a few seconds. Millimeter waves readily penetrate normal clothing, but are highly reflected by the human body and concealed objects. Millimeter wave signals are non-ionizing and are harmless to human tissues when used at low power levels.
RF Device for Acquiring Images of the Human BodyTBMG-TB-0078775/1/2010
This portable, simple system using a ring-shaped antenna array and planar circuit technology can serve as security in airports, mass transit locations, and power plants. A safe, non-invasive method for forming images through clothing of large groups of people, in order to search for concealed weapons either made of metal or not, has been developed. A millimeter wavelength scanner designed in a unique, ring-shaped configuration can obtain a full 360° image of the body with a resolution of less than a millimeter in only a few seconds. Millimeter waves readily penetrate normal clothing, but are highly reflected by the human body and concealed objects. Millimeter wave signals are non-ionizing and are harmless to human tissues when used at low power levels.
ARINC REPORT 443ARINC443 (Current)4/7/2010
The purpose of this report is to illustrate to airfield and airport authorities the need for timely, accurate information regarding actual or planned changes to the physical airfield, recognize the changes in regulatory requirements in flight training, specifically visual database elements used in simulation, identify critical data elements for designing visual databases, and describe the elements and their uses in a simulated training environment. The list and descriptions of required visual database data elements will provide guidance to airfield and airport authorities and suppliers of data regarding minimum levels of data required to accurately create and maintain a visual representation of an airfield or other aircraft operating area. The report will also be used to provide information from airfield operators and managers concerning physical changes or additions to runways, taxiways, land-side gates, and the surrounding area.
Flight Simulator Engineering and Maintenance Committee
Electronic System for Preventing Airport Runway IncursionsTBMG-35292/1/2009
The figure is a block diagram of a proposed system of portable illuminated signs, electronic monitoring equipment, and radio-communication equipment for preventing (or taking corrective action in response to) improper entry of aircraft, pedestrians, or ground vehicles onto active airport runways. Such an entry, denoted a runway incursion, poses a risk of collision with an aircraft properly moving on the affected runway. The major causes of runway incursions are mistakes by pilots, ground-vehicle drivers, and control-tower personnel. Heretofore, there have been no automated, systematic, reliable means of monitoring and regulating airport ground traffic to prevent or correct for runway incursions. The main overall functions of the proposed system would be to automatically monitor aircraft ground traffic on or approaching runways and to generate visible and/or audible warnings to affected pilots, ground-vehicle drivers, and control-tower personnel when runway incursions take place.
Thermal Technology System Acquires Heat Data to Count PeopleTBMG-491110/1/2008
The Flowslide, developed by Royal Boon Edam Group Holding BV, is a combination of a revolving door and curved sliding panels, installed at Charles de Gaulle Airport, Paris. The Flowslide offers a complete physical separation between two crossing passenger flows on a single floor, allowing arriving and departing passengers to use a single door. The entry and exit points open and close alternatively within the curved wall of the revolving door, while keeping the passengers separate. As the two sets of passengers never come into contact with each other — despite using the same doorway — the Flowslide has enabled today's higher levels of security to be met, without the need to redevelop the terminal.
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