Browse Topic: Runways

Items (45)

Computational Investigation of a Flexible Airframe Taxiing Over an Uneven Runway for Aircraft Vibration Testing

12/15/2023

Ground vibration testing (GVT) is an important phase of the development, or the structural modification of an aircraft program. The modes of vibration and their associated parameters extracted from the GVT are used to modify the structural model of the aircraft to make more reliable dynamics predictions to satisfy certification authorities. Due to the high cost and the extensive preparations for such tests, a new method of vibration testing called taxi vibration testing (TVT) rooted in operational modal analysis (OMA) was recently proposed and investigated by the German Institute for Aerospace Research (DLR) as alternative to conventional GVT. In this investigation, a computational framework based on fully coupled flexible multibody dynamics for TVT is presented to further investigate the applicability of the TVT to flexible airframes. The time domain decomposition (TDD) method for OMA was used to postprocess the response of the airframe during a TVT. The framework was then used to

Al-bess, Lohay, Khouli, Fidel

Artificial Intelligence Enabled Model for Real Time Prediction of Aircraft Touch-Down Point

2022-26-119205/26/2022

Approach and Landing are critical phases of flight. On a typical flight with a duration of 1.5 hours, the landing phase accounts for approximately 1% of total time. Statistics and past data indicate that landing accidents, in jet powered aircraft, result in about 20% of aviation related accidents / incidents. Criticality of landing phase is further accentuated when an aircraft lands on table top runways with short runway during adverse climatic conditions. Studies have indicated that risk of runway overruns increase by 55% due to ‘long landings’. The proposed idea is an attempt to reduce long landings by accurately predicting the touchdown point and generating an alert to ATC in real time, in case of deviations, thereby, avoiding runway excursions caused by long landings. The proposed solution makes use of ADS-B out data received from aircraft with additional parameters gathered from a multitude of sensors in real time and predicts the precise touch down point based on trajectory

Padmanabhan, Suresh, Sunkara, Bhanu Prakash

An Autonomous Ground Based Multi Sensor Data Fused TDR Prediction and Monitoring System

2022-26-122705/26/2022

According to a study conducted by IATA, EASA and ICAO, runway excursions are common type of incidents that leads to major accidents. Runway excursion predominantly occur due to incorrect utilization of the touchdown zone (TDZ). A ground-based multi-sensor data fused touchdown region (TDR) prediction and monitoring system is proposed in this paper. This system autonomously analyses real-time environmental data with remote sensing capability around the runway site, gathers real-time information on flight critical parameters of approaching aircraft through an ADS-B Out data link, predicts ideal TDR over the runway TDZ for a particular aircraft, and estimates the expected contemporaneous TDR based on the monitored current approach profile. If the ideal and expected TDR do not overlap, there is a chance for an excursion. In such cases, the flight parameter that needs corrective action is determined and notified to the pilot. In order to analyze dynamic environmental data, mathematical

Nagonda, Ajay Nagarajan, Manjunath, Karthik

Fluid, Deicing/Anti-Icing, Runways and Taxiways Glycol Base

AMS1426D (Current)08/15/2016

This specification covers a glycol-base deicing/anti-icing material in the form of a liquid.

G-12 Runway Deicing Product Committee

Conclusive Aircraft Lighting Approach for Reducing Maintenance and Improving Safety

2014-01-212309/16/2014

Advanced technologies in LED's have the potential to reduce maintenance and improve aircraft safety. Aircrafts need adequate illumination for night time landing. New technology such as high-power LEDs allow for better suited light distributions, more whitish light compatible for mesopic lighting conditions and reduced glare in adverse weather conditions. LEDs and the associated electronics are more susceptible to harsh environmental conditions and this needs to be accounted for in the design of the equipment. Highly conductive metal core PCBs (MCPCB) allow for adequate cooling in a mirror telescopic optical arrangement when coupled with robust active cooling. Closed loop optical feedback of output flux ensures constant performance over the lifetime of the light unit and allows for indication of remaining useful life to the operator to plan maintenance activities. Parylene coating inhibits premature degradation of the LEDs induced by water vapor and corrosive gases.

Hessling, Andre

Open LED Protectors

TBMG-1575702/01/2013

Littelfuse, Inc. (Chicago, IL) has developed a new line of open LED protectors optimized to provide superior protection against open LEDs. The PLED6M Series LED protector is designed to provide a switching electronic shunt path when an LED in an LED string fails as an open circuit. This ensures that the entire array of LEDs will continue providing illumination even if a single LED in the string fails. The new LED protectors provide greater lighting reliability in applications where uninterrupted illumination is critical, such as street, subway, runway, and tunnel lighting, as well as vehicle headlights, roadside warning lights, and outdoor signage.

Using Multispectral Imaging for Ecological Observations

TBMG-1536112/01/2012

With an airborne camera capable of making precise and detailed ecological observations, biologists at Applied Ecological Services (Brodhead, WI) are bringing satellite imagery closer to earth.

Embedded Graphics Processor

TBMG-1445508/01/2012

Rockwell Collins (Cedar Rapids, IA), a designer of communications and avionics systems for the aerospace and defense industries, has selected the AMD Radeon™ E2400 embedded graphics processor for inclusion in its integrated flight deck product, Pro Line Fusion™. Chosen for its 3D graphics rendering capabilities, the E2400 generates realistic graphical models of the external aircraft environment to improve awareness of terrain, obstacles, and runways in low-visibility conditions. Pilots use the critical information to make informed decisions through the various phases of flight.

Design and Flight Test of a Primary Flight Display Combined Vision System

11VATC4000403/19/2012

A series of flight tests were conducted to design and evaluate a Combined Vision System (CVS) that integrates a forward looking infrared video image with synthetic vision on a primary flight display. System features included colorizing the video image to mesh with the synthetic terrain background, decluttering the approach symbology to facilitate the detection of the approach lights and runway markings, creating a semi-transparent IR sky to ensure continuous situational awareness of the surrounding terrain, and annunciating the decision height to facilitate the transition to the actual runway environment. Over 100 approaches were flown during three flight test sessions. For the first flight test session pilots reviewed early CVS proofs of concept on Honeywell's Citation Sovereign. During the approach in low visibility conditions, the Pilot Flying remained head-down to 100 ft AGL, at which time he lifted his head and made a subjective judgment of whether he could easily and safely

May, Patricia

ARINC REPORT 443

ARINC443 (Current)04/07/2010

The purpose of this report is to illustrate to airfield and airport authorities the need for timely, accurate information regarding actual or planned changes to the physical airfield, recognize the changes in regulatory requirements in flight training, specifically visual database elements used in simulation, identify critical data elements for designing visual databases, and describe the elements and their uses in a simulated training environment. The list and descriptions of required visual database data elements will provide guidance to airfield and airport authorities and suppliers of data regarding minimum levels of data required to accurately create and maintain a visual representation of an airfield or other aircraft operating area. The report will also be used to provide information from airfield operators and managers concerning physical changes or additions to runways, taxiways, land-side gates, and the surrounding area.

Flight Simulator Engineering and Maintenance Committee

Electronic System for Preventing Airport Runway Incursions

TBMG-352902/01/2009

The figure is a block diagram of a proposed system of portable illuminated signs, electronic monitoring equipment, and radio-communication equipment for preventing (or taking corrective action in response to) improper entry of aircraft, pedestrians, or ground vehicles onto active airport runways. Such an entry, denoted a runway incursion, poses a risk of collision with an aircraft properly moving on the affected runway. The major causes of runway incursions are mistakes by pilots, ground-vehicle drivers, and control-tower personnel. Heretofore, there have been no automated, systematic, reliable means of monitoring and regulating airport ground traffic to prevent or correct for runway incursions. The main overall functions of the proposed system would be to automatically monitor aircraft ground traffic on or approaching runways and to generate visible and/or audible warnings to affected pilots, ground-vehicle drivers, and control-tower personnel when runway incursions take place.

Dispersion of De-Icing Chemicals to the Areas Along the Runways at Oslo Airport Gardermoen

2007-01-335109/24/2007

Oslo Airport Gardermoen is located on the largest unconfined groundwater aquifer in Norway and acts upon strict governmental regulations concerning groundwater balance and contamination of groundwater and surface waters. In the cold Norwegian winter climate, de-icing of aircrafts and runway systems is necessary for safety reasons. The aircraft de-icing fluids (type 1 and type 2) are based on propylene glycol (PG). Potassium Formate (PF) is used for de-icing of runways and taxiways. Aircraft de-icing takes place on remote de-icing platforms. At each platform there is a system for drainage of excess de-icing fluid, but some is passively dispersed from the aircraft body to the area along the runways and mix with snow. During melting, release of de-icers to the ground occurs. In such events the chemicals need to be biologically degraded in the unsaturated zone to meet the governmental requirements. To avoid negative effects on the environment and to meet governmental regulations

Øvstedal, Jarl, Wejden, Bente

System Would Detect Foreign-Object Damage in Turbofan Engine

TBMG-TB-00106001/29/2007

Vibration-sensor and gas-path-analysis data would be fused. A proposed data-fusion system, to be implemented mostly in software, would further process the digitized and preprocessed outputs of sensors in a turbofan engine to detect foreign-object damage (FOD) [more precisely, damage caused by impingement of such foreign objects as birds, pieces of ice, and runway debris]. The proposed system could help a flight crew to decide what, if any, response is necessary to complete a flight safely, and could aid mechanics in deciding what post-flight maintenance action might be needed.

Ground-Penetrating Radar

TBMG-468210/01/2006

AFRL engineers used prototypes of recently developed ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electronic cone penetrometer (ECP) devices to determine whether voids and anomalies in a particular airfield's subsoil were facilitating crack formation in an aircraft runway. Using the data collected during their Langley Air Force Base (AFB), Virginia, investigation, they were able both to determine the extent (and, in some cases, the cause) of the subsoil deterioration and to provide several recommendations for repairing abnormal or weakened portions of the runway. This field investigation also provided valuable information about the AFRL-developed prototype inspection devices; the evaluation results will aid designers in further refining these developmental products.

The Spatial Standard Observer

TBMG-1809/01/2006

The spatial standard observer is a computational model that provides a measure of the visibility of a target in a uniform background image or of the visual discriminability of two images. Standard observers have long been used in science and industry to quantify the discriminability of colors. Color standard observers address the spectral characteristics of visual stimuli, while the spatial standard observer (SSO), as its name indicates, addresses spatial characteristics. The SSO is based on a model of human vision. The SSO was developed in a process that included evaluation of a number of earlier mathematical models that address optical, physiological, and psychophysical aspects of spatial characteristics of human visual perception. Elements of the prior models are incorporated into the SSO, which is formulated as a compromise between accuracy and simplicity. The SSO operates on a digitized monochrome still image or on a pair of such images. The SSO consists of three submodels that

Computationally Lightweight Air-Traffic-Control Simulation

TBMG-24709/01/2005

An algorithm for computationally lightweight simulation of automated airtraffic control (ATC) at a busy airport has been derived. The algorithm is expected to serve as the basis for development of software that would be incorporated into flight-simulator software, the ATC component of which is not yet capable of handling realistic airport loads. Software based on this algorithm could also be incorporated into other computer programs that simulate a variety of scenarios for purposes of training or amusement.

Tire and Wheel Safety Issues

C010208/09/2001

One of the most important safety critical components on cars, trucks, and aircraft is the pneumatic tire. Vehicle tires primarily control stopping distances on wet and dry roads or runways and strongly influence over-steer/under-steer behavior in handling maneuvers of cars and trucks. The inflated tire-wheel assembly also acts as a pressure vessel that releases a large amount of energy when catastrophically deflated. The tire can also serve as a fulcrum, both directly and indirectly, in contributing to vehicle rollover. This seminar covers these facets of tire safety phenomena. Engineering fundamentals are discussed and illustrated with numerous practical examples and case studies of current public interest. The Pneumatic Tire, a 700-page E-book on CD, edited by Joseph Walter and Alan Gent is included in the course material. This course has been approved by the Accreditation Commission for Traffic Accident Reconstruction (ACTAR) for 7 Continuing Education Units (CEUs). Upon completion

Video-Based Foreign Object Detection

TBMG-210901/01/1999

The Boeing Company has developed an overhead camera system that can automatically spot small pieces of debris on a work surface that might otherwise go unnoticed. The system automatically analyzes inputs from one or more video cameras to detect undesirable colors representing materials that, if left in place, would degrade part quality. The system uses commercial off-the-shelf hardware and software for low-cost implementation and is currently in use in the Boeing F/A-18 wing production line (see figure). The patent-pending technology, known as foreign-object video detection and alert system and method, is available for license.

Gasdynamics and Optics of an Aircraft Condensable Wake

96554810/01/1996

The possibility of visualization of an aircraft jet-and-vortex wake above a landing strip is investigated. The processes of water vapor heterogeneous condensation and droplets coalescence due to turbulent pulsation are taken into account. Numerical examples for the case of B-747-type flyer take-off are presented.

Stasenko, A.L., Grinats, E.S., Kashevarov, A.V.

Fluid, Generic, Deicing/Anti-Icing Runways and Taxiways

AMS1435 (Historical)04/01/1995

This specification covers deicing and anti-icing materials in the form of a fluid.

AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee

Compound, Solid Deicing/Anti-Icing Runaways and Taxiways

AMS1431A (Historical)01/01/1992

This specification covers deicing and anti-icing compound in the form of a solid. This compound is used typically for deicing/anti-icing aircraft maneuvering areas, such as airport aprons, runways, and taxiways, but usage is not limited to such applications.

G-12F Fluids Subcommittee

Fluid, Deicing/Anti-Icing, Runways and Taxiways Potassium Acetate Base

AMS1432A (Historical)10/01/1991

This specification has been declared "CANCELLED" by the Aerospace Materials Division, SAE, as of November 1995, and has been superseded by AMS 1535.

AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee

Compound, Solid Runway and Taxiway Deicing/Anti-Icing

AMS1431 (Historical)01/01/1990

This specification covers a deicing and anti-icing compound in the form of a solid. This compound are intended for use at airports on aircraft maneuvering areas, such as aprons, runways, and taxiways, for the prevention and removal of frozen deposits of snow, frost, and ice..

G-12 Runway Deicing Product Committee

Airline Operations and the Contaminated Runway

881460

10/01/1988

AN OVERRUN ACCIDENT WELL-KNOWN to the aviation industry happened at Boston's Logan Airport on January 23, 1982. A DC-10 landed on a runway contaminated by hard-packed snow and glazed ice overlaid with rainwater and went off the runway end at 49 knots. Could that airplane have stopped on the runway? Nobody knows the answer. Logan Airport had no means of establishing, with reasonable accuracy, how slippery that runway was on that evening. Furthermore, would it have made any difference if friction measurements had been made with state-of-the-art equipment and the results made available? This paper seeks to highlight some well-known problems and suggest ways and means to reduce risk on the contaminated runway.

Anfindsen, Knut