Browse Topic: Certification

Items (401)

Data driven decisions to calculate CO2 emission for materials derived from estimated vehicle weight

2024-26-015901/16/2024

Change in the gross weight of the car due to change in Special Accessories (SA)/parts/different materials can drastically alter the overall CO2 emission readings. Each carline has multiple variants offered to the customers. Each variant additionally has different code rules associated with them further increasing the customizability. This requires a system to predict the estimated gross weight of the cars to calculate the CO2 emission accurately. Carlines, which are already in production phase, have certified weights associated with them. For each variant of the car, there is a specific weight threshold, which governs the emission certification of it. However, carlines, which are in development phase, have yet to certify for CO2 emission. This makes it very difficult to identify customizability options for development variants. Any change in the part/accessory can make the variant exceed the weight threshold, thus, making it difficult to offer alternatives. The idea is to help the

Majumder, Kuntal, Pundir, Manish, Pathak, Arindam, Kumar, Rahul

Computational Investigation of a Flexible Airframe Taxiing Over an Uneven Runway for Aircraft Vibration Testing

01-17-02-0011

12/15/2023

Ground vibration testing (GVT) is an important phase of the development, or the structural modification of an aircraft program. The modes of vibration and their associated parameters extracted from the GVT are used to modify the structural model of the aircraft to make more reliable dynamics predictions to satisfy certification authorities. Due to the high cost and the extensive preparations for such tests, a new method of vibration testing called taxi vibration testing (TVT) rooted in operational modal analysis (OMA) was recently proposed and investigated by the German Institute for Aerospace Research (DLR) as alternative to conventional GVT. In this investigation, a computational framework based on fully coupled flexible multibody dynamics for TVT is presented to further investigate the applicability of the TVT to flexible airframes. The time domain decomposition (TDD) method for OMA was used to postprocess the response of the airframe during a TVT. The framework was then used to

Al-bess, Lohay, Khouli, Fidel

Toward a Machine Learning Development Lifecycle for Product Certification and Approval in Aviation

01-15-02-000905/26/2022

This article presents a new machine learning (ML) development lifecycle which will constitute the core of the new aeronautical standard on ML called AS6983, jointly being developed by working group WG-114/G34 of European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment (EUROCAE) and SAE. The article also presents a survey of several existing standards and guidelines related to ML in aeronautics, automotive, and industrial domains by comparing and contrasting their scope, purpose, and results. Standards and guidelines reviewed include the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) Concept Paper, the DEEL (pendable andxplainableearning) white paper “Machine Learning in Certified Systems”, Aerospace Vehicle System Institute (AVSI) Authorization for Expenditure (AFE) 87 report on Machine Learning, Guidance on the Assurance of Machine Learning for use in Autonomous Systems (AMLAS), Laboratoire National de Metrologie et d’Essais (LNE) Certification Standard of Processes for AI, the Underwriters

Kaakai, Fateh, Dmitriev, Konstantin, Adibhatla, Sridhar (“Shreeder”), Baskaya, Elgiz, Bezzecchi, Emanuele, Bharadwaj, Ramesh, Brown, Barclay, Gentile, Giacomo, Gingins, Corinne, Grihon, Stephane, Travers, Christophe

AVIONICS APPLICATION SOFTWARE STANDARD INTERFACE PART 0 OVERVIEW OF ARINC 653

ARINC653P0-3 (Current)11/15/2021

This document provides an overview of the entire set of documents collectively referred to as ARINC 653. As this set of documents evolves, Part 0 has been adjusted to reflect technical changes made in Supplements to Parts 1 through 5 in conjunction with the technical changes made in the evolution of ARINC 653. A summary of the ARINC 653 documents follows: Part 0 – Overview of ARINC 653 Part 1 – Required Services Part 2 – Extended Services Part 3A – Conformity Test Specification for ARINC 653 Required Services Part 3B – Conformity Test Specification for ARINC 653 Extended Services Part 4 – Subset Services Part 5 – Core Software Recommended Capabilities The term “this document” refers to Part 0 only, while the term “ARINC 653” or “the Specification” refers to the whole set of ARINC 653 documents, currently Parts 0 to 5. The primary objective of ARINC 653 is to define a general-purpose APplication/EXecutive (APEX) interface (API = Application Program Interface) between the Core Software

Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee

SAE TOMORROW TODAY: The Online Criminal Underground: Cybersecurity and Corporate Threats

1316209/09/2021

There are constant news blasts highlighting ransomware incidents, company data hacks, and online theft. These threats are real and growing more present by the day - ultimately, increased connectivity, untraceable cryptocurrency, and bad international actors all but ensure that online data is at risk. What is it that causes company risk? Who are the actors at fault? And, perhaps most importantly, what can be done to mitigate these risks? Greg Otto, Chief Cybercrime Reporter at Intel 471 discusses prevention methods as well as how international agencies, businesses, the federal government, and insurance companies are working diligently to protect their own interests as well as our data. As hacking prevention methods become simpler and more convenient, the field of cybersecurity will become more secure. Learn more about the current challenges, relevance and importance of cybersecurity with SAE's Automotive Cybersecurity Certification course. The program teaches the context and

Hineman, Marcie

Project Specific Certification Plan Template - ARP4754A - Afuzion

ARP4754A_PL_00308/13/2021

System Process Assurance Plan (SyPAP) Template - ARP4754A - AFuzion

ARP4754A_PL_00108/13/2021

Job Aid for Aircraft Certification for ARP4754A Reviews - AFuzion

ARP4754A_CK_00208/12/2021

Project-Specific Certification Plan Checklist - ARP4754A - AFuzion

ARP4754A_CK_00408/12/2021

Generalizing Aspects of System Safety to Broaden Applicability

2021-01-003703/02/2021

The Safety Assessment Process, defined by SAE ARP4761 and associated regulatory guidance, is described in the context of conventional, crewed civil aircraft. While this material has been used for decades to evaluate airplanes and rotorcraft, the evolution of technology challenges it. As new entrants venture into aviation, they bring perspectives, which may not clearly align to those conventional concepts. For those skilled in the art of aviation safety assessment, the approach to new technologies might appear straight forward. Such an individual might easily perceive the accommodations for unconventional applications. Once accommodations are made, and failure conditions are established and classified to those new architectures, the rest of the process is somewhat mechanical -they flow out of these conditions. However, the context of their experience betrays the reality of the process description in the ARP and guidance. Such accommodations are not discussed in them, and the process

Voros, Robert

High-Fidelity Sonic Boom Propagation Tool

TBMG-3848402/01/2021

The primary challenge with supersonic flight remains the mitigation of the sonic boom to levels that will be acceptable to humans on the ground. As industry progresses towards realizing a commercial supersonic aircraft, the push from regulators to reduce noise levels has intensified. Innovators at NASA Langley Research Center have developed a system for predicting sonic boom propagation of supersonic aircraft. The sBOOMTraj tool enables efficient computation and mitigation of sonic boom loudness across the entire duration of a flight mission.

Requirements for Aviation, Space, and Defense Auditor Training, Development, Competence, and Authentication

AS9104/3A (Current)11/11/2020

This document defines the minimum requirements for auditors, CBs, Auditor Authentication Bodies (AABs), Training Provider Approval Bodies (TPABs), and Training Providers (TPs) who participate in the IAQG Industry Controlled Other Party (ICOP) scheme. The requirements in this standard supplement those defined within the 9104/1, 9104/2, ISO/IEC 17021-1, and ISO/IEC 17021-3 standards. Data protection for the parties subject to this document and other relevant requirements of the ICOP scheme are managed via bi-lateral contracts between the joint controllers of the data.

G-14 Americas Aerospace Quality Standards Committee (AAQSC)

Aircraft Asset Lifecycle and Digital Data Standards Overview

AIR7501-TEST-REC (Historical)09/18/2020

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) reviews technical, operational, and maintenance data being exchanged between key stakeholders in aerospace asset lifecycle and data standards available for such exchanges. It identifies gaps and non-availability of data standards in certain areas. The scope of the current document is limited to aircraft operations, maintenance and disposal stages post-build phase, and does not include the detailed interactions during the aircraft build phase.

G-31 Electronic Transactions for Aerospace Committee

Aircraft Asset Lifecycle and Digital Data Standards Overview

AIR7501 (Current)

09/18/2020

G-31 Electronic Transactions for Aerospace Committee

The Navigator

20AVEP09_0209/01/2020

Since 2015, Elon Musk has been claiming that new Tesla vehicles would be capable of fully automated driving within a couple of years - with just software updates and pending regulatory approvals. Both parts of that statement were wrong. Tesla doesn't appear to be anywhere near producing vehicles capable of safe operation without human supervision. And until recently, regulations did not exist covering homologation of automated vehicles. However, with passage of a new rule covering Europe and much of Asia, AV regulations are finally starting to become a reality. In late June 2020, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe's (UNECE) World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations passed the first rules directly governing SAE Level 3 automated lane keeping systems. L2 systems like Tesla AutoPilot, GM Super Cruise and Ford's upcoming Active Drive Assist are becoming increasingly common. These systems nominally require the human driver to remain alert while supervising the

Low Mu/Winter Driving Skill Certification

J3300/1_202008 (Current)08/12/2020

Driving Skills Standards Committee

Trailer Towing Driving Skill Certification

J3300/2_202005 (Current)05/26/2020

Driving Skills Standards Committee

Driving Level Skill Certification

J3300_202005-TEST-REC (Historical)05/13/2020

Driving Skills Standards Committee

Driving Level Skill Certification

J3300_202005 (Current)

05/13/2020

Driving Skills Standards Committee

Unsettled Topics in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Icing

EPR2020008

04/27/2020

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are an emerging technology with a large variety of commercial and military applications. In-flight icing occurs during flight in supercooled clouds or freezing precipitation and is a potential hazard to all aircraft. In-flight icing on UAVs imposes a major limitation on the operational envelope. This report describes the unsettled topics related to UAV icing. First, typical UAV applications and the general hazards of icing are described. Second, an overview of the special technical characteristics of icing on autonomous and unmanned aircraft is given. Third, the operational challenges for flight in icing conditions are discussed. Fourth, technologies for ice protection that mitigate the icing hazard are introduced. Fifth, the tools and methods required to understand UAV icing and to develop aircraft with cold-weather capabilities are presented. Finally, an assessment of the current and future regulations regarding icing on UAVs is provided.Icing is a key

Hann, Richard, Johansen, Tor A.

User’s Manual for Certification of Aircraft Electrical/Electronic Systems for the Indirect Effects of Lightning

ARP5415B (Current)03/05/2020

This ARP provides detailed information, guidance, and methods in support of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory Circular (AC) 20-136. AC 20-136 provides a means, but not the only means, for demonstrating compliance with Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) 23.1306 (Amendment 23-61), 23.2515 (Amendment 23-64), 25.1316, 27.1316, and 29.1316. It is also intended for this ARP to provide the same information, guidance, and methods, to the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) certification specifications CS 23.1306 (Amendment 23/4), 23.2515 (Amendment 23/5), 25.1316, 27.1316, and 29.1316, and associated Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) 20-136. This ARP provides references relevant to identifying: (1) acceptance criteria for the indirect effects of lightning compliance approaches, (2) verification (analysis and test) methods including those associated with multiple stroke and multiple burst, (3) recommended design options to optimize needed system immunity

AE-2 Lightning Committee

Nikola's FCEV pickup surprise

20AUTP03_1403/01/2020

Procedure for Certification that Requirements for Mobile Air Conditioning System Components, Service Equipment, and Service Technician Training Meet SAE J Standards

J2911_202002 (Current)02/03/2020

This SAE standard provides manufacturers/marketers, testing facilities, and providers of technician training with a procedure for certifying compliance with the applicable standard. Manufacturers/marketers or sellers who advertise their products as certified to an SAE J standard shall follow this procedure. Certification of a product is voluntary; however, this certification process is mandatory for those advertising meeting SAE standard(s) requirements. Only certifying to this standard allows those claiming compliance to advertise that their product (unit), component, or service technician training meets all requirements of the applicable SAE standard. Certification of compliance to this and the appropriate standard and use of the SAE label on the product shall only be permitted after all the required information has been submitted to SAE International and it has been posted on the SAE website. This process is mandatory for those advertising as being “Certified to SAE JXXXX-(version

Interior Climate Control Steering Committee

AVIONICS APPLICATION SOFTWARE STANDARD INTERFACE PART 2 EXTENDED SERVICES

ARINC653P2-4 (Current)12/23/2019

As avionics software continues to evolve, so does ARINC Specification 653. ARINC 653 Part 2 specifies extensions (i.e., optional services) to the required Application Program Interfaces (APIs) described in ARINC 653 Part 1. Supplement 4 adds optional multicore services capabilities.

Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee

Safety Assessment of General Aviation Airplanes and Rotorcraft in Commercial Service

ARP5151A (Current)08/20/2019

This document describes a process that may be used to perform the ongoing safety assessment for (1) GAR aircraft and components (hereafter, aircraft), and (2) commercial operators of GAR aircraft. The process described herein is intended to support an overall safety management program. It is to help a company establish and meet its own internal standards. The process described herein identifies a systematic means, but not the only means, to assess continuing airworthiness. Ongoing safety management is an activity dedicated to assuring that risk is identified and properly eliminated or controlled. The safety management process includes both safety assessment and economic decision-making. While economic decision-making (factors related to scheduling, parts, and cost) is an integral part of the safety management process, this document addresses only the ongoing safety assessment process. This ongoing safety assessment process includes safety problem identification and corrective action

S-18C ARP5150A and ARP5151A Working Group

AVIONICS APPLICATION SOFTWARE STANDARD INTERFACE PART 0 OVERVIEW OF ARINC 653

ARINC653P0-2 (Current)08/07/2019

This document provides an overview of the entire set of documents collectively referred to as ARINC 653. As this set of documents evolves, Supplements to Part 0 will be made more consistent with Parts 1 through 5 in conjunction with the technical changes expected to be made in the evolution of ARINC 653. A summary of the ARINC 653 documents follows: Part 0 - Overview of ARINC 653, Part 1 - Required Services, Part 2 - Extended Services, Part 3 - Conformity Test Specification, Part 4 - Subset Services, and Part 5 - Core Software Required Capabilities. Supplement 1 reflects the introduction of multicore processor support in Parts 1 and 2.

Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee

The FACE™ of Military Modernization

TBMG-3452806/01/2019

U.S. rival countries have been rapidly modernizing their militaries, with publicized advances that pose credible challenges to U.S. supremacy in all aspects of warfare: air, land, sea, space and cyberspace. On January 19, 2018 Secretary Mattis discussed the National Defense Strategy and emphasized the need to modernize key capabilities to address these threats. He stated: “To keep pace with our times, the department will transition to a culture of performance and affordability that operates at the speed of relevance. Success does not go to the country that develops a new technology first, but rather, to the one that better integrates it and more swiftly adapts its way of fighting. Our current bureaucratic processes are insufficiently responsive to the department's needs for new equipment. We will prioritize speed of delivery, continuous adaptation and frequent modular upgrades.”

Heavy-Duty Aerodynamic Testing for CO ₂ Certification: A Methodology Comparison

2019-01-064904/02/2019

Aerodynamic drag testing is a key component of the CO2 certification schemes for heavy-duty vehicles around the world. This paper presents and compares the regulatory approaches for measuring the drag coefficient of heavy-duty vehicles in Europe, which uses a constant-speed test, and in the United States and Canada, which use a coastdown test. Two European trucks and one North American truck were tested using the constant-speed and coastdown methods. When corrected to zero yaw angle, a difference of up to 12% was observed in the measured drag coefficients from the US coastdown procedure and the EU constant-speed test. The differences in the measured drag coefficient can be attributed, among others, to the assumptions in the speed-dependence of the tire rolling resistance and axle spin losses, the data post-processing required by each methodology, unaccounted frictional losses in the transmission, the behavior of the automated manual transmission during the coastdown run, and the yaw

Rodriguez, J. Felipe, Delgado, Oscar, Demirgok, Berk, Baki, Cem, Besch, Marc, Thiruvengadam, Arvind, Rexeis, Martin, Röck, Martin

Air Cargo Pallets - Utilization Guidelines

ARP5486 (Current)04/01/2019

Air cargo pallets and their cargo restraint nets constitute aircraft Unit Load Devices, defined by industry standards and airworthiness certified based on Technical Standard Order (TSO) C90c in accordance with the requirements of NAS 3610. This guarantees their design to be intrinsically safe for flight on board compatible aircraft types. However, actual flight safety also requires these certified pieces of equipment to be properly used: numerous occurrences have demonstrated a certified ULD can nevertheless jeopardize flight safety if loaded or restrained in an inadequate manner.

AGE-2 Air Cargo

FIBER OPTIC TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

ARINC807-4 (Current)01/10/2019

This document is based upon the SAE ARP5602 document, A Guideline for Aerospace Platform Fiber Optic Training and Awareness Education. ARINC Report 807: Fiber Optic Training Requirements is a subset of the SAE ARP5602 document designed to meet the requirements of the commercial air transport industry. Certification to the SAE ARP5602 document fulfills the requirements of ARINC Report 807. This document defines recommended general practices for training requirements of aerospace fiber optic systems. It is the intention of this document to outline proven training practices and general standards of workmanship for technicians engaged in aerospace fiber optic manufacturing, installation, maintenance, and repair for the air transport industry. It is also recommended that management and purchasing personnel receive fundamental training to familiarize themselves with the requirements of aerospace fiber optics.

Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee

Device Assesses and Monitors Lymphedema Noninvasively

TBMG-3344912/01/2018

Lymphedema is the swelling that generally occurs in the arms or legs caused by the removal of or damage to lymph nodes as a part of cancer treatment. Treating it at the earliest possible stage is the best way to manage the condition and prevent it from leading to pain, recurrent infection, reduced mobility, and impaired function.

Moving the goalposts of emission compliance

18AUTP11_0311/01/2018

This industry has worked hard to reduce or at least control several critical risks. The effort has been key for all constituents, impacting strategic direction, the allocation of valuable human and financial capital, and enterprise profitability. Risk reduction takes many forms. It ranges from aligning fluctuating commodities to an economic/commodity index, and aligning with labor constituents on long-term contracts. It even includes reducing currency risk through co-locating sourcing of a component or system to the same region in which it's sold. Such risk elements, among many, are quantifiable and thus can be controlled and minimized.

Robinet, Michael

Highly Efficient Civil Aviation, Now via Operations - AAR and Challenges

2018-01-192510/30/2018

Global civil aviation growth at 5+% yearly poses extreme environmental challenges. Advances have appeared gradually through improved aerodynamic shapes, using carbon fibres, and enhanced engines; however, as these technologies mature, direct efficiency advances require increasing effort. Often Passenger convenience is forgotten e.g. the long-range air traffic has developed on hub-spoke basis implying extra feeder flights, transit passenger inconveniences, capacity issues. Efficiency metrics emphasize “Why, How & What”, with an understanding of the range sensitivities, operational concepts and performance goals via the important “X-factor”. For given range, current aircraft are “greener” than previous generations. Medium range aircraft s are always greener than those for short or long ranges. However, currently, the major trend is for the latter: twin-aisle A350, A380, B787, B777X (10+% payload, 40+% fuel to MTOW). Shorter range single-aisle aircraft are “feeders” or newer derivatives

Nangia, R K

Constructing Development Assurance Plan for Integrated Systems

AIR6218 (Current)10/22/2018

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) supplements ARP4754A by identifying the crucial elements to be considered when constructing the development assurance plans described in Chapter 3 (Development Planning) of ARP4754A for integrated systems. This AIR presents a collection of lessons learned from past certification programs involving integrated systems. This AIR is not guidance for system integration technologies.

S-18 Aircraft and Sys Dev and Safety Assessment Committee

Ensuring aircraft safety requires right wheel inspection equipment

SAE-MA-0308810/18/2018

To ensure safe aircraft takeoffs and landings, one of the most vital areas to inspect for possible fatigue cracking and heat damage is the wheel bead seat. Comprehensive examination of this critical area, where the rubber edge of a tire contacts the wheel, requires having the right wheel inspection equipment on hand for the job – and not all maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) facilities do.

International, SAE

AS36100 Background and Development Record

AIR36108 (Current)10/18/2018

This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides a record of the development by SAE AGE-2A Air Cargo Sub-Committee of Aerospace Standard AS36100, Air Cargo Unit Load Devices — Performance Requirements and Test Parameters, published 2005-02, and its revision A published 2006-04, intended as a technical reference for airworthiness approval of air cargo unit load devices (pallets, nets and containers) to be loaded with either baggage or freight on board civil transport aircraft, and to partly supersede previously used NAS 3610, Cargo unit load devices - Specification for — [ Revision 10, 1990, referenced in TSO C90(c) ].

AGE-2 Air Cargo

AVIONICS APPLICATION SOFTWARE STANDARD INTERFACE PART 3A CONFORMITY TEST SPECIFICATIONS FOR ARINC 653 REQUIRED SERVICES

ARINC653P3A-1 (Current)09/07/2018

ARINC 653, Part 3A is the Compliance Test Specification for ARINC 653 Required Services presently defined in ARINC 653 Part 1. The document specifies a set of stimuli and the expected responses. Future work on the ARINC 653 document set includes an effort to define Operating System services for multi-core processor environments. The Compliance Test Specification is expected to be updated in step with ARINC 653, Part 1.

Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee

AVIONICS APPLICATION SOFTWARE STANDARD INTERFACE PART 3B CONFORMITY TEST SPECIFICATIONS FOR ARINC 653 EXTENDED SERVICES

ARINC653P3B (Current)09/07/2018

ARINC 653, Part 3B is the Compliance Test Specification for ARINC 653 Extended Services presently defined in ARINC 653 Part 2. The document specifies a set of stimuli and the expected responses. Future work on the ARINC 653 document set includes an effort to define Operating System services for multi-core processor environments. The Compliance Test Specification is expected to be updated in step with ARINC 653, Part 2.

Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee

IAASS-SSI-1700 Commercial Human-Rated System

WP-001107/01/2018

This document establishes the safety requirements applied by the IAASS Space Safety Institute (SSI) for the safety certification of Commercial Human Rated Systems (CHS). This standard covers any human-rated system commercially developed and operated to perform suborbital, orbital, or interplanetary missions, including transport vehicles such as capsules or winged bodies, orbital stations, unmanned cargo transport vehicles intended to dock with crewed stations, bases, descent and ascent vehicles, and integrated systems (e.g., capsule on launcher). NOTE: The mandatory (i.e., shall) requirements in this standard are based on selected best practices from past and present governmental space programs.

null, null

Corrosion and Coating Evaluation System

TBMG-2902506/01/2018

Aircraft coatings are the first line of defense when it comes to mitigating structural corrosion of an air platform. As new coatings are developed — particularly those that contain non-chrome primers — there is a need to qualify the coatings for use on military aircraft prior to implementation on flying systems. The process — which includes laboratory tests, outdoor environmental exposure, and aircraft trials — can be extensive and expensive.

SAE Eye on Engineering: Bosch's New Diesel Tech

1235105/17/2018

Diesel engines got an undeserved bad rap when Volkswagen was caught cheating on its emissions certification. In this episode of SAE Eye on Engineering, Editor-in-Chief Lindsay Brooke looks at Bosch's technology solution to reduce NOx emissions. SAE Eye on Engineering also airs Monday mornings on WJR 760 AM Detroit's Paul W. Smith Show.

Considerations for ISO 26262 ASIL Hazard Classification

J2980_201804 (Historical)

04/28/2018

This SAE Recommended Practice presents a method and example results for determining the Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) for automotive motion control electrical and electronic (E/E) systems. The ASIL determination activity is required by ISO 26262-3:2011 [1], and it is intended that the process and results herein are consistent with ISO 26262:2011 [1]. The technical focus of this document is on vehicle motion control systems. It is limited to passenger cars weighing up to 3.5 metric tons. Furthermore, the scope of this recommended practice is limited to collision-related hazards associated with motion control systems. The recommended practice focused on motion control systems since the hazards they can create generally have higher ASIL ratings, as compared to the hazards non-motion control systems can create. Because of this, the Functional Safety Committee decided to give motion control systems a higher priority and focus exclusively on them in the SAE J2980 recommended

Functional Safety Committee