Browse Topic: Emissions certification

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Data driven decisions to calculate CO2 emission for materials derived from estimated vehicle weight2024-26-015901/16/2024
Change in the gross weight of the car due to change in Special Accessories (SA)/parts/different materials can drastically alter the overall CO2 emission readings. Each carline has multiple variants offered to the customers. Each variant additionally has different code rules associated with them further increasing the customizability. This requires a system to predict the estimated gross weight of the cars to calculate the CO2 emission accurately. Carlines, which are already in production phase, have certified weights associated with them. For each variant of the car, there is a specific weight threshold, which governs the emission certification of it. However, carlines, which are in development phase, have yet to certify for CO2 emission. This makes it very difficult to identify customizability options for development variants. Any change in the part/accessory can make the variant exceed the weight threshold, thus, making it difficult to offer alternatives. The idea is to help the
Majumder, Kuntal, Pundir, Manish, Pathak, Arindam, Kumar, Rahul
Technical Paper
Moving the goalposts of emission compliance18AUTP11_0311/01/2018
This industry has worked hard to reduce or at least control several critical risks. The effort has been key for all constituents, impacting strategic direction, the allocation of valuable human and financial capital, and enterprise profitability. Risk reduction takes many forms. It ranges from aligning fluctuating commodities to an economic/commodity index, and aligning with labor constituents on long-term contracts. It even includes reducing currency risk through co-locating sourcing of a component or system to the same region in which it's sold. Such risk elements, among many, are quantifiable and thus can be controlled and minimized.
Robinet, Michael
Magazine Article
SAE Eye on Engineering: Bosch's New Diesel Tech1235105/17/2018
Diesel engines got an undeserved bad rap when Volkswagen was caught cheating on its emissions certification. In this episode of SAE Eye on Engineering, Editor-in-Chief Lindsay Brooke looks at Bosch's technology solution to reduce NOx emissions. SAE Eye on Engineering also airs Monday mornings on WJR 760 AM Detroit's Paul W. Smith Show.
Video
Komatsu America adds to intelligent machine lineup15MEIP12_2912/01/2015
The long track, low ground pressure D65PXi-18 introduced recently by Komatsu America Corp. was designed specifically for functionality in soft or wet conditions, offering improved stability for finish grading applications. It is powered by a 217-hp (162-kW) SAA6D114E-6 Tier 4 Final emissions certified engine. Highlights of the crawler dozer include next-generation intelligent machine control. “The machine senses blade load, minimizes track slip, and ensures operators get the most from every push,” said Jason Anetsberger, Komatsu product manager. “We believe the difference in dozing efficiency between conventional machine operation and intelligent machine control technology is exceptional.”
Broge, Jean L.
Magazine Article
Spotlight on Design Insight: Fuel Efficiency: Fuel Economy TestingSOD-003/1S05/07/2015
“Spotlight on Design: Insight” features an in-depth look at the latest technology breakthroughs impacting mobility. Viewers are virtually taken to labs and research centers to learn how design engineers are enhancing product performance/reliability, reducing cost, improving quality, safety or environmental impact, and achieving regulatory compliance. As global concerns about the negative consequences of greenhouse gases on the environment increase, regulatory agencies around the world are taking serious steps to address the issue of tailpipe emissions In the episode “Fuel Efficiency: Fuel Economy Testing” (12:05), engineers at the EPA’s National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory demonstrate how different vehicles are tested for emissions, and AVL’s technical team shows how accurate tailpipe emissions can be measured and reported. This episode highlights multiple areas of interest, including: • Exclusive interview with EPA officials on fuel economy regulations • A look at EPA’s
Video
Motor Vehicle Inspection/DecentralizedRS-BNA-00610/28/2011
Proposed rule of the Albuquerque/Bernalillo County Air Quality Control Board amends regulations under 20.11.100 NMAC regarding decentralized motor vehicle emissions inspections. The rule clarifies the new motor vehicle exemption period as four years rather than two registration cycles, exempts vehicles 35 years or older, allows for the limited use of mobile test units for the onsite testing of 1996 and newer fleet and dealer lot vehicles, and returns 1975 through 1985 model year vehicles from annual to biennial testing. The rule also requires testing of hybrid vehicles if purchased after the effective date of the amended regulation or upon change of ownership, provides for the testing of diesel vehicles beginning Jan. 1 of the year following the adoption of a more stringent federal ozone standard, and removes the $300 repair cost threshold for time extensions for individuals on public assistance. In addition, the rule moves the enforcement and appeals sections from the Procedures
Regulation
Medical Device Packaging Validation Testing 101TBMG-1104009/01/2011
Package validation testing has always been an important aspect of many medical device development processes. Today, it isn’t just new packaging that manufacturers need to worry about — economic and environmental conditions are also driving manufacturers to revalidate their packaging.
Magazine Article
Clean Air Vehicle StickersRS-BNA-00507/15/2011
Final rule of the Department of Motor Vehicles amends regulations under 13 CCR 156.00 and 156.01 regarding clean air vehicle stickers. The rule makes hybrid vehicles ineligible for clean air vehicle stickers for the purposes of using high-occupancy vehicle lanes. The rule also makes revisions to forms REG 1000 and REG 256. This change without regulatory effect was filed July 1, 2011. Contact: Adam Peralta; Department of Motor Vehicles; (916-657-7419)
Regulation
Clean Air Vehicle StickersRS-BNA-00301/19/2011
Proposed rule of the Air Resources Board amends regulations under
Regulation
SAE Off-Highway Engineering 2010-04-2210OFHD042204/22/2010
Cleaner living A different approach to powertrain emissions testing is needed as the off-highway industry prepares to meet the challenges of forthcoming Tier 4 standards, both Interim and Final.
Magazine
Automotive Engineering International 2007-04-01AUTOAPR0704/01/2007
Spec Formula One The series is moving forward with new rules to reduce cost and make racing more directly relevant to road-car development. Adding foresight Radar and cameras will work together to help drivers avoid accidents. Lexus LS 460:AEI's Best Engineered Vehicle for 2007 The fourth generation of Lexus' global flagship sets new standards in engineering, technical innovation, refinement, and workmanship. Hot off the grid New interest in plug-in hybrids has sparked intense R&D in battery chemistries and systems integration. Digital developments Ever-improving computer-based tools are helping engineers complete more complex designs in shorter time frames with downsized staffs. Illuminating technology Sensor-linked lighting systems, automatic high-beam control, LED headlights, and brand-identifying cabin lighting are enhancing safety, convenience, and the feel-good factor. Handling the surge The pressure facing automakers and suppliers to meet ever-more-stringent emissions
Magazine Issue
Introducing Ted Robertson, SAE President for 2005OFHFEB05_0602/01/2005
ASC's product and technology chief made his name at General Motors, but is now putting his mind to work for SAE. In a senior executive analysis, Ted Robertson learned that his mind is very balanced between right-brain logic and left-brain creativity. That balance has served him well in his ongoing and distinguished automotive career at General Motors and ASC, and it figures to be an invaluable asset as he takes over as SAE's top thinker. It is somewhat ironic, then, that the 55-year-old native of Canada finds himself SAE President not because he put his mind to securing the position-“I never lobbied for it,” he said- but because his colleagues see in him abundances of Boy Scout attributes such as integrity and discipline that make for a great leader.
Ponticel, Patrick
Magazine Article
Introducing Ted Robertson, SAE President for 2005AUTOFEB05_0602/01/2005
ASC's product and technology chief made his name at General Motors, but is now putting his mind to work for SAE. In a senior executive analysis, Ted Robertson learned that his mind is very balanced between right-brain logic and left-brain creativity. That balance has served him well in his ongoing and distinguished automotive career at General Motors and ASC, and it figures to be an invaluable asset as he takes over as SAE's top thinker. It is somewhat ironic, then, that the 55-year-old native of Canada finds himself SAE President not because he put his mind to securing the position-“I never lobbied for it,” he said- but because his colleagues see in him abundances of Boy Scout attributes such as integrity and discipline that make for a great leader.
Ponticel, Patrick
Magazine Article
Introducing Ted Robertson, SAE President for 2005AEROJAN05_0601/01/2005
ASC's product and technology chief made his name at General Motors, but is now putting his mind to work for SAE. In a senior executive analysis, Ted Robertson learned that his mind is very balanced between right-brain logic and left-brain creativity. That balance has served him well in his ongoing and distinguished automotive career at General Motors and ASC, and it figures to be an invaluable asset as he takes over as SAE's top thinker. It is somewhat ironic, then, that the 55-year-old Canada native finds himself SAE President not because he put his mind to securing the position-“I never lobbied for it,” he said-but because his colleagues see in him abundances of Boy Scout attributes such as integrity and discipline that make for a great leader.
Ponticel, Patrick
Magazine Article
Optimisation of Precious Metal Loadings in Automotive Catalysts Using Response Surface Methodology96190710/01/1996
The effect of changing catalyst precious metal ratios and loadings on close coupled catalytic converter efficiencies has been studied. The three precious metals were platinum, palladium and rhodium. The specific matrix used for the development of response surface models is a central composite design and provides the capability of visually optimising the precious metal loadings. Catalysts were evaluated using perturbed scans. lightoff curves from the dynamometer aged, and vehicle emission tests. These scans show percent conversion efficiencies of the three legislated gases; HC, CO and NOx, over a range of Air Fuel Ratios (λ). Whilst lean and rich lightoff curves provide indications of conversion efficiencies at varying temperatures. Prior to testing the catalysts were aged, using an accelerated dynamometer ageing process, to 80K simulated kilometres. The catalysts were then fitted to a vehicle and chassis roll emission tests conducted. The purpose of the paper is to correlate the light
Collingwood, I., Rutter, B., Hurley, R., Eade, D., Kisenyi, J.
Technical Paper
Reactivity and Exhaust Emissions from an EHC-Equipped LPG Conversion Vehicle Operating on Butane/Propane Fuel Blends96199110/01/1996
This paper describes experiments conducted to determine Federal Test Procedure (FTP) exhaust emissions, ozone-forming potentials, specific reactivities, and reactivity adjustment factors for several butane/propane alternative fuel blends run on a light-duty EHC-equipped gasoline vehicle converted to operate on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Duplicate emission tests were conducted on the light-duty vehicle at each test condition using appropriate EPA FTP test protocol. Hydrocarbon speciation was utilized to determine reactivity-adjusted non-methane organic gas (NMOG) emissions for one test on each fuel.
Newkirk, Matthew S., Smith, Lawrence R., Payne, Michael E., Segal, Jack S.
Technical Paper
Study of In-Use Alternative Fuel Vehicle Emission Performance Under EPA and BC AirCare Test Cycles96170908/01/1996
The Province of BC requires all light duty vehicles in the lower mainland to pass or conditionally pass an emissions inspection as a condition of license and insurance renewal. Vehicles converted to natural gas and propane fail emissions tests at higher rates than comparable vehicles run on gasoline. Work is described to investigate the emissions performance of vehicles fitted with after-market conversions. FTP 75, Hot 505 and BC AirCare test cycles (total 74) were performed on a variety of vehicles (total 20) which were split between dual-fuel and mono-fuel using propane or natural gas along with gasoline. All but three vehicles were supplied by the manufacturer to run on gasoline with closed-loop air/fuel ratio feedback. The after market conversions consisted of both open-loop and closed-loop feedback systems for the gaseous fuel systems. The emissions performance of current gaseous fuel control technology against pre-1993 technology and the operation of dual-fuel vehicles on both
Inglis B.C., Alan, Prakash, Chandra, Stewart, Steve
Technical Paper
A Convenient Technique for Determining Two-Stroke Emission Measurement Accuracy and A/F Ratio96180408/01/1996
This paper describes a method of using the total emission concept for conveniently assessing the accuracy of emission measurements. The measured total HC emissions are treated as unburned fuel (C8 basis) plus burning zone HC (C1 basis). Statistical analysis shows that the emission test data may be questionable if the total emission calculation exceeds the range of 100 +/- 2σ*. This paper also describes a technique to determine the Air to Fuel (A/F) ratio for two-stoke engines. This method may be used to calculate the overall A/F and burning zone A/F for DI two-stroke engines and for engines using oxygenated fuel. Twenty-five OMC engines have been tested by following EPA emission test procedure. The total emission and A/F analysis for these tests indicate that the new method is a very useful tool for assessing A/F and the accuracy of emission measurements. This technique reduces the emission test errors and shortens engine calibration and development time.
Xu, Ron Y.
Technical Paper
Investigation of Cetane Response of U. S. Diesel Fuels95024902/01/1995
A study of cetane response of post-1993 U.S. No. 2 diesel fuels was performed following the October 1, 1993 introduction of the federally mandated 0.05% sulfur, on-highway diesel fuel. Seven fuels obtained from East Coast, Gulf Coast and Midwest refineries, an emissions certification fuel and a low aromatic California fuel were evaluated. Ethylhexyl nitrate was used as cetane improver in concentrations of up to 1 vol.%. Test results demonstrated relatively low cetane response of non-California fuels and an exceptionally high response of the low aromatic California fuel. The only predictive cetane response equation available in technical literature failed to accurately characterize the performance of fuels used in this study. An inter-industry program is proposed to (a) develop a detailed understanding of diesel fuel composition/property effects on cetane response and (b) define an improved cetane response equation applicable to the full range of diesel fuels.
Sobotowski, Rafal A.
Technical Paper
A Computer-Based Automotive Information System: Ford Motor Company's Technical Information Utility88515309/01/1988
Ford Motor Company's Corporate Technical Information System (CTIS), an inhouse computerized online utility for product and technical data, conducted a User Survey in 1987. The system is well accepted. The hardware is performing well and the data judged authoritative and helpful. Small issues revealed by the survey were resolved quickly. Two significant problems, however, (1) the need for improved customer services and, (2) a demand for significantly expanded system content, were identified. The paper highlights actions taken by CTIS to improve its customer services through online and telephone “Help”, a simplified User's Guide, and a more sophisticated search software, among other things. It also indicates the new files and file content that are being added as well as a whole new class of files called Company manuals. A University of Michigan MBA class is studying the potential for the marketing of CTIS to the vendors of components and services to the Ford Motor Company.
Linder, Fredrick C., Andrews, Howard W., Culver, Robert N., Rice, Al, Tumavitch, Elaine G., Grow, Neville L.
Technical Paper
Exhaust Gas Emission Control at the Car-Owner Level-An Insoluble Problem?85165810/01/1985
The difficulty of field surveillance of cars in service is investigated and various test procedures are discussed in this context. Due to the high variability of the measured exhaust emission values, only cars with very high emissions, so-called outliers, can be identified in an emission test. This means that only vehicles with emissions far above the standards can be singled out. This also holds true for the idling test, where the variability of results is at its highest. On the other hand, the decisive factor for the quality of our ambient air is the overall emission mean value. Identifying and adjusting the outliers will, however, bring improvement in ambient air quality only if the number of such outliers is so high that they have a significant influence on the overall exhaust emission mean value of the vehicles on the road considered. There is a true dilemma in that it cannot be seen from single measurements whether or not the overall emission mean value has been changed at all
Klingenberg, Horst, Neumann, Karl-Heinz
Technical Paper
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