Browse Topic: Anthropomorphic test devices

Items (141)

A Comparison of THOR 50M Anthropomorphic Test Devices in Frontal Sled Tests when equipped with and without On-Board Data Acquisition Systems.

2022-01-104803/29/2022

This paper summarizes a series of matched-pair frontal sled tests using the THOR 50th Percentile Male anthropomorphic test device (ATD). Testing was conducted to compare the response of an ATD equipped with an on-board data acquisition system (DAS) to that of one equipped with an off-board system. Sled testing was performed using a modified version of NHTSA’s Gold-Standard test method consisting of a generic buck with a ridged seat and a 3-point seatbelt system. Eight tests were conducted, all using a common generic 30 km/h crash pulse with a peak deceleration of 9 G’s, and a 2.5 kN load limiting 3-point seatbelt retractors without pretensioners. Four tests were conducted with each ATD, two tests with a left shoulder belt routing and two with a right shoulder belt routing to allow for evaluation of the ATD repeatability under each belt routing. Attention was given to the potential for a heating effect of the on-board DAS to influence the dummy response; particularly the chest

Ward, Josh, Dellicolli, Anthony, Dix, Jeff

Seat Belt Restraint Evidence Generated by Unrestrained Occupant Interaction in a Rollover

2022-01-102803/29/2022

Assessment of the physical evidence on a seat belt restraint system provides one source of data for determining an occupant’s seat belt use or non-use during a motor vehicle crash. The evidence typically associated with restrained occupant loading has been extensively researched and documented in the literature. However, evidence of loading to the restraint system can also be generated by other means, including the interaction of an unrestrained occupant with a stowed restraint system. The current study evaluates physical evidence generated on stowed restraint systems generated via interaction with multiple unrestrained occupants during a full-scale dolly rollover crash testing of a large multiple passenger van. Unbelted anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) were positioned in the driver, right front passenger, and all designated seating positions in the third, fourth, and fifth rows. Occupant kinematics during the dolly rollover were evaluated through on-board and off-board real-time

Miller, Bruce, Dibb, Alan, Allin, Leigh, Carhart, Michael, krishnaswami, ram

Seatback Strength and its Effect on In Position and Out of Position ATD Loading in High-Speed Rear Impact Sled Tests

2022-01-103803/29/2022

Vehicle rear structure stiffness has increased as a result of the requirements in the FMVSS 301R, which has also corresponded to an increase in front-row seat strength. This study evaluates the structural behavior and occupant response associated with production-level seats equipped with body-mounted D-rings, and very stiff all-belt-to-seat (ABTS) in a group of 12 deceleration sled tests. A double-haversine approximately 100-msec duration pulse was used for all tests, with peak accelerations of approximately 19 g for the 40 km/h (25 mph) tests and peak accelerations of 28 g for the 56 km/h (35 mph) test. This pulse was designed to represent a severe rear impact crash involving modern vehicles. The tests compared occupant responses and resulting structural deformation of an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) production-level driver seat from a pickup and a very stiff modified ABTS. Both seating systems were equipped with dual recliners. Various combinations of tests evaluated the

Croteau, Jeffrey, Toney-Bolger, Megan, Isaacs, Jessica L., Shurtz, Ben, Zolock, John

Crash Test Methodology for Electric Scooters with Anthropomorphic Test Device (ATD) Riders

2022-01-103303/29/2022

As micromobility devices (i.e., e-bikes, scooters, skateboards, etc.) continue to increase in popularity, there is a growing need to test these devices for purposes ranging from use in crash reconstruction to design of new products. Although tests have been conducted across the industry for electric scooters (e-scooters), this paper describes a novel method for crash testing e-scooters with anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) “riding” them, providing new sources for data collection and research. A sled fixture was designed utilizing a pneumatic crash rail to propel the scooters with an overhead gantry used for stabilization of the ATD until release just prior to impact. The designed test series included impacts with a 6-inch curb at varying incident angles, a stationary vehicle, and a pedestrian ATD. Test parameter permutations included changing wheel sizes, impact speeds, and safety equipment. One of the primary focuses of this testing was to establish a methodology which provided

Como, Steven Gerard, Paradiso, Marc, Campbell, Ian C., Garman, Christina, Werner, Stephen, Wishart, Jeffrey

The Role of Three-Point Restraints for Occupants in Moderate and Higher Severity Frontal Impact Collisions

2022-01-102603/29/2022

Field accident data and vehicle crash testing have shown that kinematics, occupant loading, , and associated injury risk generally increase with crash severity. Further, these data demonstrate that the use of restraints, such as three-point belts, provides mitigation of kinematics and reduction in loading and injury rates. This study evaluated the role of seat belts in controlling occupant kinematics and reducing occupant loading in moderate and higher severity frontal collisions. Frontal tests with belted and unbelted anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) in the driver and right front passenger seats were performed at delta-Vs of approximately 19 kph and 32 kph with no airbag deployment. At the lower severity, the belted ATDs’ motion was primarily arrested by seat belt engagement, mitigating contact with forward vehicle structures, while the unbelted ATDs’ motion was largely arrested by interaction with forward vehicle structures. Injury metrics were generally lower with belt use than

Isaacs, Jessica L., George, Juff, Campolettano, Eamon, Cutcliffe, Hattie, Miller, Bruce

Analytical Methods for Aircraft Seat Design and Evaluation

ARP5765B (Current)

03/30/2021

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) defines a means of assessing the credibility of computer models of aircraft seating systems used to simulate dynamic impact conditions set forth in Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) Parts 23.562, 25.562, 27.562, and 29.562. The ARP is applicable to lumped mass and detailed finite element seat models. This includes specifications and performance criteria for aviation specific virtual anthropomorphic test devices (v-ATDs). This document provides a recommended methodology to evaluate the degree of correlation between a seat model and dynamic impact tests. This ARP also provides best practices for testing and modeling designed to support the implementation of analytical models of aircraft seat systems. Supporting information within this document includes procedures for the quantitative comparison of test and simulation results, as well as test summaries for data generated to support the development of v-ATDs and a sample v-ATD

Aircraft SEAT Committee

Analytical Methods for Aircraft Seat Design and Evaluation

ARP5765B-TEST-REC (Historical)03/30/2021

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) defines a means of assessing the credibility of computer models of aircraft seating systems used to simulate dynamic impact conditions set forth in Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) Parts 23.562, 25.562, 27.562, and 29.562. The ARP is applicable to lumped mass and detailed finite element seat models. This includes specifications and performance criteria for aviation specific virtual anthropomorphic test devices (v-ATDs). This document provides a recommended methodology to evaluate the degree of correlation between a seat model and dynamic impact tests. This ARP also provides best practices for testing and modeling designed to support the implementation of analytical models of aircraft seat systems. Supporting information within this document includes procedures for the quantitative comparison of test and simulation results, as well as test summaries for data generated to support the development of v-ATDs and a sample v-ATD

Aircraft SEAT Committee

Occupant Restraint System Evaluation - Lateral Rollover System-Level Heavy Trucks

J2426_202103 (Current)

03/01/2021

This SAE Recommended Practice describes the test procedures for conducting simulated dynamic lateral rollover restraint system tests for heavy truck applications. Its purpose is to establish recommended test procedures that will standardize restraint system testing for heavy trucks. Descriptions of the test set-up, test instrumentation, photographic/video coverage, and the test fixtures are included.

Truck Crashworthiness Committee

Occupant Restraint Dynamic System Evaluation - Frontal Impact Heavy Trucks

J2418_202011 (Current)

11/09/2020

This SAE Recommended Practice describes the test procedures for conducting frontal impact restraint tests for heavy truck applications. Its purpose is to establish recommended test procedures that will standardize restraint system testing for heavy trucks. Descriptions of the test set-up, test instrumentation, photographic/video coverage, and the test fixtures are included.

Truck Crashworthiness Committee

Event Data Recorder - Compliance Assessment

J1698/3_202009 (Current)09/29/2020

This SAE Recommended Practice defines procedures intended to be used to validate that relevant EDR output records conform within specified limits to measured sensor input to the device.

Event Data Recorder Committee

Stretchable, Wearable Coils May Make MRI, Other Medical Tests Easier on Patients

TBMG-3691405/01/2020

Anyone who has had a mammogram or an MRI knows how uncomfortable and awkward the tests can be. Now, Purdue University researchers have taken technology used in the defense and aerospace industries to create a novel way of doing some medical imaging.

Biofidelity of THOR 5th Percentile Female ATD in Ankle Eversion and Inversion

2020-01-052804/14/2020

Females have higher frequency and risk of foot and ankle injuries in motor vehicle collisions than similar-sized males. Therefore, lower extremity biofidelity and accurate injury prediction of female ATDs is critical. This paper aims to compare the THOR 5th percentile female (THOR-05F) anthropomorphic test device (ATD) response with male and female PMHS data of various sizes under ankle inversion and eversion. The THOR-05F lower extremity was subjected to dynamic inversion and eversion ankle loading with a constant 2000N axial force applied through the tibia. Twelve THOR-05F tests (3 inversion and 3 eversion on both, left and right legs) were performed with boundary conditions consistent with previous post-mortem human subject (PMHS) lower extremity tests. The biofidelity of THOR-05F ankle stiffness was evaluated via comparison of measured and equal-stress equal-velocity scaled data (using mass-based scale factors) from previous PMHS datasets with mid-size males, small females and

Kulkarni, Shubham, Roberts, Carolyn, Foltz, Patrick, Forman, Jason

Film Analysis Guides for Dynamic Studies of Test Subjects

J138_201910 (Current)10/02/2019

This SAE Recommended Practice is intended to provide guidelines for the identification of subjects used in dynamic tests. It establishes recommendations for location and description of target areas on test subjects or test devices, as well as recommendations for photographic calibration and timing.

Motor Vehicle Council

U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory

TBMG-3463606/01/2019

In October 1962, the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Unit was established with a goal of providing specialized medical and physiological support to help close the gap between Army combat aviation needs and human capabilities, and to protect aviators from altitude, climate, noise, acceleration, impact, and other stressors in a growing hostile environment. In 1969, the Army re-designated the unit as the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory (USAARL).

Active Safety Bicyclist Test Targets Recommendation

J3157_201902 (Current)02/06/2019

The goal of the Bicyclist Test Mannequin Task Force is to develop standard specifications/requirements for bicyclist test mannequins (one adult and one child) that are representative of real bicyclists to the sensors used in Bicyclist Detection systems and can be used for performance assessment of such in-vehicle systems (including warning and/or braking) in real world test scenarios/conditions. This version of the document only includes the recommended bicyclist mannequin characteristics for vision, Lidar, and/or 76 to 78 GHz radar-based Bicyclist Pre-Collision systems.

Active Safety Systems Standards Committee

Methods to Evaluate Impact Characteristics of Seat Back Mounted IFE Monitors

ARP6330 (Current)09/13/2018

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) defines means to assess the effect of changes to seat back mounted IFE monitors on blunt trauma to the head and post-impact sharp edges. The assessment methods described may be used for evaluation of changes to seat back monitor delethalization (blunt trauma and post-test sharp edges) and head injury criterion (HIC) attributes (refer to ARP6448 Appendix A Items 3 and 6, respectively). Application is focused on type A-T (transport airplane) certified seat installations.

Aircraft SEAT Committee

Development of Component Level Transfer Equations of Simplified Human and ATD Occupant Models

09-06-01-000506/05/2018

Safety systems have historically been evaluated with anthropomorphic test devices for research, development, or regulatory concerns. Human body models are another avenue for use in the investigation of occupant safety. In this study, transfer equations are developed to quantify the response of a human model (Global Human Body Models Consortium average male simplified model) and dummy model (Hybrid-III) in equivalent environments. Environments were selected based on certification test setups used for the Hybrid III ATD as well as a basic frontal sled environment. The tests include a head drop, neck flexion/extension, and chest and knee impacts. Furthermore, models were positioned within a simplified occupant interior for sled tests. In all, 30 matched pair simulations were run, 60 in total. Peak metrics between human and anthropomorphic test device models showed strong linear correlation in component testing however, as the complexity of the simulations increased, agreement tended to

Guleyupoglu, Berkan, Koya, Bharath, Gayzik, Francis Scott

Optimizing Occupant Restraint Systems for Tactical Vehicles in Frontal Crashes

2018-01-062104/03/2018

The objective of this study was to optimize the occupant restraint systems for a light tactical vehicle in frontal crashes. A combination of sled testing and computational modeling were performed to find the optimal seatbelt and airbag designs for protecting occupants represented by three size of ATDs and two military gear configurations. This study started with 20 sled frontal crash tests to setup the baseline performance of existing seatbelts, which have been presented previously; followed by parametric computational simulations to find the best combinations of seatbelt and airbag designs for different sizes of ATDs and military gear configurations involving both driver and passengers. Then 12 sled tests were conducted with the simulation-recommended restraint designs. The test results were further used to validate the models. Another series of computational simulations and 4 sled tests were performed to fine-tune the optimal restraint design solutions. The sled tests with the

Hu, Jingwen, Ritchie Orton, Nichole, Chen, Cong, Reed, Matthew, Rupp, Jonathan, Gruber, Rebekah, Clark, David, Scherer, Risa

3D Printing Fuels the Rise of Point-of-Care Medical Manufacturing

TBMG-2868304/01/2018

More than 95 percent of point-of-care (POC) professionals expect to see an expansion of POC manufacturing enabled by additive manufacturing, commonly called 3D printing. Healthcare providers operate in an evolving environment influenced by policy, regulations, and changing technology affecting the patient experience. But 3D printing has been shown to improve the patient experience while saving money.

Aerospace & Defense Technology: December 2017

17AERP1212/01/2017

High-Reliability Capacitors When the Mission Just Can't Fail WIAMan High-Tech Test Lab Focuses on Saving Soldiers' Lives Improving the Surface Finish of Additive Manufactured Parts A new chemical immersion treatment could revolutionise the aerospace industry Using Thermoplastic Composites for Aerospace Applications Identifying and Isolating Signals Using Radio Frequency Photonics Bioinspired Surface Treatments for Improved Decontamination: Commercial Products Investigation seeks to determine which coatings shed fluids most effectively. Mechanical Characterization and Finite Element Implementation of the Soft Materials Used in a Novel Anthropometric Test Device for Simulating Underbody Blast Loading Understanding the mechanical behavior of components made from eight soft polymer materials is necessary to ensure the predictive capability of WIAMan FE models. Processing and Characterization of Lightweight Syntactic Materials Hollow spheres encapsulated in a metal matrix, syntactic metal

Biomechanics of Lumbar Motion-Segments in Dynamic Compression

2017-22-000111/13/2017

Recent epidemiology studies have reported increase in lumbar spine injuries in frontal crashes. Whole human body finite element models (FEHBM) are frequently used to delineate mechanisms of such injuries. However, the accuracy of these models in mimicking the response of human spine relies on the characterization data of the spine model. The current study set out to generate characterization data that can be input to FEHBM lumbar spine, to obtain biofidelic responses from the models. Twenty-five lumbar functional spinal units were tested under compressive loading. A hydraulic testing machine was used to load the superior ends of the specimens. A 75N load was placed on the superior PMMA to remove the laxity in the joint and mimic the physiological load. There were three loading sequences, namely, preconditioning, 0.5 m/s (non-injurious) and 1.0 m/s (failure). Forces and displacements were collected using six-axis load cell and VICON targets. In addition, acoustic signals were collected

Arun, Mike W. J., Hadagali, Prasannaah, Driesslein, Klaus, Curry, William, Yoganandan, Narayan, Pintar, Frank A.

Potential Effects of Friction on Injury Measures Computed in Aircraft Seat HIC Analysis Testing

2017-01-205409/19/2017

Aircraft seating systems are evaluated utilizing a variety of impact conditions and select injury measures. Injury measures like the Head Injury Criterion (HIC) are evaluated under standardized conditions using anthropomorphic test devices such as those outlined in 14 CFR part 25. An example test involves decelerating one or more rows of seats and allowing a lap-belted ATD to engage components in front of it, which typically include the seatback and its integrated features. Examples of head contact surfaces include video monitors, various plastic and composite fascia, and a wide range of seat back materials. The HIC, and other injury measures such as Nij, can be calculated during such impacts. It has been shown in other safety applications that the friction between a headform and contact surface can affect the test results. A series of finite element simulations of a frontal deceleration pulse with a generalized aircraft seat was performed to determine the variation in HIC and Nij

Friedman, K, Mattos, G, Bui, K, Hutchinson, J, Jafri, A, Paver, J

What's Trending in 3D Printing for Healthcare

TBMG-2701006/01/2017

In the last three years, there has been an explosion of published content in medical journals related to 3D printing in medicine. This is a great testament to the uptick in innovation and application development around 3D printing and patient-specific 3D data, and how the combination of the two is changing how surgeries are being planned and performed, how implants are being designed and manufactured, and how mass customization for applications like hearing aids and dental aligners are going mainstream.

An Assessment of Inflatable Seatbelt Interaction and Compatibility with Rear-Facing-Only Child Restraint Systems

2017-01-144503/28/2017

Ford Motor Company introduced the inflatable seatbelt system in 2011 and the system is now available in the second row of several Ford and Lincoln models. An important consideration is the interaction of the inflatable seatbelt system with child restraint systems (CRS). A comprehensive series of frontal impact sled tests, using a standardized test method, was conducted to compare the performance of rear-facing-only CRS installed using an inflatable seatbelt to the same CRS installed using a standard seatbelt. CRS models from several manufacturers in the North American market were tested both with and without their bases. CRABI 12 month old or Hybrid III 3 year old anthropomorphic test devices (ATD) were restrained in the CRS. The assessment included the ability to achieve a satisfactory installation with the inflatable seatbelt, comparisons of ATD and CRS kinematics, CRS system integrity, and comparisons of ATD responses. In all cases, acceptable installations of the CRS were achieved

Pline, Kevin, Board, Derek, Muralidharan, Nirmal, Sundararajan, Srinivasan, Eiswerth, Eric, Salciccioli, Katie, Baker, Noelle

Vehicle Rear Impacts and Spinal Disc Herniations in Occupants: Is there a Basis for Causation?

2017-01-145803/28/2017

Disc herniations in the spine are commonly associated with degenerative changes, and the prevalence increases with increasing age. With increasing number of older people on U.S. roads, we can expect an increase in clinical findings of disc herniations in occupants involved in rear impacts. Whether these findings suggest a causal relationship is the subject of this study. We examined the reported occurrence of all spine injuries in the National Automotive Sampling System - Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) database from 1993 to 2014. There were over 4,000 occupants that fit the inclusion criteria. The findings in this study showed that, in the weighted data of 2.9 million occupants, the most common spine injury is an acute muscle strain of the neck, followed by strain of the low back. The delta-V of a rear impact is a reliable indicator of the rate of acute cervical strain in occupants exposed to such impacts. The number of disc herniations was small in all three segments of the

Lam, Tack, Ivarsson, B. Johan

Driving a Car with a Body Wedged Underneath

2017-01-141003/28/2017

It can happen, following a collision between a car and a pedestrian or in a deliberate assault with a motor vehicle, that the pedestrian comes to be caught or wedged beneath the car, and that the driver then travels on for a considerable distance, afterwards claiming to have been unaware of the presence of the person. However, police, lawyers and jurors are often incredulous that the driver should not have been able to “feel” that there was something underneath his car. The authors have investigated the matter by carrying out practical tests with suitable cars and dummies. This paper describes instrumented tests performed by the authors following one such incident, and gives accounts of two previous incidents investigated in a more subjective fashion. The general conclusion is that the effect on the behavior of the car is very small and that a driver might indeed be unaware that there was a person trapped beneath them.

Lambourn, Richard F, Manning, James

Coupling a Passive Sensor Manikin with a Human Thermal Comfort Model to Predict Human Perception in Transient and Asymmetric Environments

2017-01-017803/28/2017

Passive sensor (HVAC) manikins have been developed to obtain high-resolution measurements of environmental conditions across a representative human body form. These manikins incorporate numerous sensors that measure air velocity, air temperature, radiant heat flux, and relative humidity. The effect of a vehicle’s climate control system on occupant comfort can be characterized from the data collected by an HVAC manikin. Equivalent homogeneous temperature (EHT) is often used as a first step in a cabin comfort analysis, particularly since it reduces a large data set to a single intuitive number. However, the applicability of the EHT for thermal comfort assessment is limited since it does not account for human homeostasis, i.e., that the human body actively counter-balances heat flow with the environment to maintain a constant core temperature. For this reason, a thermo-physiological human model is required to accurately simulate the body’s dynamic response to a changing environment

Gullman, Sam, Jacobsson, David, Hepokoski, Mark, Curran, Allen

Automating Regional Rib Fracture Evaluation in the GHBMC Detailed Average Seated Male Occupant Model

2017-01-142803/28/2017

Computational modeling of the human body is increasingly used to evaluate countermeasure performance during simulated vehicle crashes. Various injury criteria can be calculated from such models and these can either be correlative (HIC, BrIC, etc.) or based on local deformation and loading (strain-based rib fracture, organ damage, etc.). In this study, we present a method based on local deformation to extract failed rib region data. The GHMBC M50-O model was used in a Frontal-NCAP severity sled simulation. Failed Rib Regions (FRRs) in the M50-O model are handled through element deletion once the element surpasses 1.8% effective strain. The algorithm central to the methodology presented extracts FRR data and requires 4-element connectivity to register a failure. Furthermore, the FRRs are localized to anatomical sections (Lateral, Anterior, and Posterior), rib level (1,2,3 etc.) and element strain data is recorded. FRRs crossing multiple anatomical sections were treated in each section

Guleyupoglu, Berkan, Barnard, Ryan, Gayzik, F. Scott

Occupant Restraint and Equipment Mounting Integrity – Side Impact Ambulance Patient Compartment

J2956_201608 (Historical)08/23/2016

This SAE Recommended Practice describes the test procedures for conducting side impact occupant restraint and equipment mounting integrity tests for ambulance patient compartment applications. Its purpose is to describe crash pulse characteristics and establish recommended test procedures that will standardize restraint system and equipment mounting testing for ambulances. Descriptions of the test set-up, test instrumentation, photographic/video coverage, and the test fixtures are included.

Truck Crashworthiness Committee

Occupant Restraint and Equipment Mounting Integrity – Frontal Impact Ambulance Patient Compartment

J2917_201608 (Historical)08/17/2016

This SAE Recommended Practice describes the test procedures for conducting frontal impact occupant restraint and equipment mounting integrity tests for ambulance patient compartment applications. Its purpose is to describe crash pulse characteristics and establish recommended test procedures that will standardize restraint system and equipment mounting testing for ambulances. Descriptions of the test set-up, test instrumentation, photographic/video coverage, and the test fixtures are included.

Truck Crashworthiness Committee

Occupant Restraint and Equipment Mounting Integrity - Rear Impact Ambulance Patient Compartment

J3044_201608 (Historical)08/17/2016

This SAE Recommended Practice describes the test procedures for conducting rear impact occupant restraint and equipment mounting integrity tests for ambulance patient compartment applications. Its purpose is to describe crash pulse characteristics and establish recommended test procedures that will standardize restraint system and equipment mount testing for ambulances. Descriptions of the test set-up, test instrumentation, photographic/video coverage, and the test fixtures are included.

Truck Crashworthiness Committee

Test Device Head Contact Duration Analysis

J2052_201607 (Current)07/12/2016

This methodology can be used for all calculations of HIC, with all test devices having an upper neck triaxial load cell mounted rigidly to the head, and head triaxial accelerometers.

Safety Test Instrumentation Standards Committee

Digital dummies in virtual collisions augment traditional crash tests

16MEIP06_2006/01/2016

A car crash takes half a blink of an eye. Detailed knowledge of the crucial split-second when the crash impact energy flashes through a vehicle's body and then onto the occupants' bodies is critical to building safer cars. For decades at automakers' test tracks such as GM's Milford Proving Ground in Michigan, crash test dummies have endured repeated near ballistic collisions to provide that key data to safety and vehicle engineers. Through the years, the familiar bull's-eyed manikins of steel, rubber, vinyl, and foam have grown increasingly sophisticated, said Jack Jensen, Engineering Group Manager at the lab and GM Technical Fellow.

Evaluation of the Seat Index Point Tool for Military Seats

2016-01-030904/05/2016

This study evaluated the ISO 5353 Seat Index Point Tool (SIPT) as an alternative to the SAE J826 H-point manikin for measuring military seats. A tool was fabricated based on the ISO specification and a custom back-angle measurement probe was designed and fitted to the SIPT. Comparisons between the two tools in a wide range of seating conditions showed that the mean SIP location was 5 mm aft of the H-point, with a standard deviation of 7.8 mm. Vertical location was not significantly different between the two tools (mean - 0.7 mm, sd 4.0 mm). A high correlation (r=0.9) was observed between the back angle measurements from the two tools. The SIPT was slightly more repeatable across installations and installers than the J826 manikin, with most of the discrepancy arising from situations with flat seat cushion angles and either unusually upright or reclined back angles that caused the J826 manikin to be unstable. The investigators who performed the measurements indicated that the SIPT was

Reed, Matthew, Ebert-Hamilton, Sheila

A Semi-Automated Approach to Real World Motor Vehicle Crash Reconstruction Using a Generic Simplified Vehicle Buck Model

2016-01-148804/05/2016

Computational finite element (FE) modeling of real world motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) is valuable for analyzing crash-induced injury patterns and mechanisms. Due to unavailability of detailed modern FE vehicle models, a simplified vehicle model (SVM) based on laser scans of fourteen modern vehicle interiors was used. A crash reconstruction algorithm was developed to semi-automatically tune the properties of the SVM to a particular vehicle make and model, and subsequently reconstruct a real world MVC using the tuned SVM. The required algorithm inputs are anthropomorphic test device position data, deceleration crash pulses from a specific New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) crash test, and vehicle interior property ranges. A series of automated geometric transformations and five LSDyna positioning simulations were performed to match the FE Hybrid III’s (HIII) position within the SVM to reported data. Once positioned, a baseline simulation using the crash test pulse was created. A Latin

Jones, Derek, Gaewsky, James, Weaver, Ashley, Stitzel, Joel

Alternative Approaches to Occupant Response Evaluation in Frontal Impact Crash Testing

2016-01-154004/05/2016

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has performed research investigating the Test Device for Human Occupant Restraint 50th male (THOR-50M) response in Oblique crash tests. This research is being expanded to investigate THOR-50M in the driver position in a 56 km/h frontal impact crash. Hybrid III 5th percentile adult female (AF05) anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) were used in this testing to evaluate the RibEye Deflection Measurement System. The AF05 ATDs were positioned in the right front passenger and right rear passenger seating positions. For the right front passenger, the New Car Assessment Procedure (NCAP) seating procedure was used, except the seat fore-aft position was set to mid-track. For the right rear passenger, the seating followed the FMVSS No. 214 Side Impact Compliance Test Procedure. The NCAP frontal impact test procedure was followed with additional vehicle instrumentation and pre/post-test measurements. Results from this test series were compared

Accident Reconstruction Using Data Retrieval from Crash-Test Video Images

2016-01-146404/05/2016

The main source for the estimation of stiffness coefficients to be used in accident reconstruction calculations is a very large database of crash-test related information from NHTSA. However, that database includes only car models sold in the USA. Unfortunately, there is no such information for European-only cars besides the raw video recordings of EuroNCAP crash tests. In the present work a methodology is proposed to estimate the stiffness coefficients of European-only models from video images of EuroNCAP crash tests. However, these images are intricate to assess, because the car front is crushed into a deformable barrier at 40% of the front width and usually the bonnet (hood) hides most of the crash damage. Therefore, the top images could not be used straightforward, so a procedure was envisaged to circumvent this difficulty and still allow to calculate stiffness coefficients for European-only cars. The methodology for stiffness coefficients estimation involves: 1 calculation of an

Martins, Jorge, Ribeiro, Ricardo, Neves, Pedro, Brito, F. P.

Blast Mitigation Seat Testing

TBMG-2395002/01/2016

Blast energy-attenuation (EA) seats, although not new to the market, have not been fully tested with respect to energy attenuation capability and the resulting effects on occupant protection. The Ground Systems Survivability (GSS) Interiors Seat Team tested and evaluated EA seats over a one-year period using a drop tower test method.

Effects of Excitation Voltage on Piezoresistive and Resistive Sensor Output Characteristics

2016-28-018202/01/2016

In laboratory car crash tests, Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATD) are equipped with piezoresistive and resistive sensors for occupant injury assessment. Accelerometers are inertial transducers that convert acceleration into electrical output which can be easily recorded by a Data Acquisition System (DAS). For an accelerometer, this electrical output mainly depends upon subjected acceleration, sensitivity of the accelerometer, excitation voltage and gain provided. Before use in testing, accelerometers are calibrated at a standard excitation (manufacturer decided) voltage to determine characteristics like Sensitivity, Sensitivity per unit excitation voltage, Zero Measurand Output (ZMO), Transverse Sensitivity etc. It is observed that these characteristics are highly dependent on the excitation voltage. In testing, due to limitations of DAS and/or other unwanted noise in the excitation voltage, these accelerometers are sometimes used at a different excitation voltage. This paper studies

Reddy, Indrakaran, Singh, Niraj Kumar, Singh, Sonu Kumar

Event Data Recorder - Compliance Assessment

J1698/3_201512 (Historical)12/17/2015

This SAE Recommended Practice defines procedures intended to be used to validate that relevant EDR output records conform within specified limits to measured sensor input to the device.

Event Data Recorder Committee

Testing and Modeling the Responses of Hybrid III Crash-Dummy Lower Extremity under High-speed Vertical Loading

2015-22-001811/09/2015

Anthropometric test devices (ATDs), such as the Hybrid III crash-test dummy, have been used to simulate lower-extremity responses to military personnel subjected to loading conditions from anti-vehicular (AV) landmine blasts. Numerical simulations [e.g., finite element (FE) analysis] of such high-speed vertical loading on ATD parts require accurate material parameters that are dependent on strain rate. This study presents a combined experimental and computational study to calibrate the rate-dependent properties of three materials on the lower extremities of the Hybrid III dummy. The three materials are heel-pad foam, foot skin, and lower-leg flesh, and each has properties that can affect simulation results of forces and moments transferred to the lower extremities. Specifically, the behavior of the heel-pad foam was directly calibrated through standard compression tests, and the properties of the foot skin and lower-leg flesh were calibrated based on an optimization procedure in which

Zhu, Feng, Dong, Liqiang, Jin, Xin, Jiang, Binhui, Kalra, Anil, Shen, Ming, Yang, King H.

Occupant Restraint Dynamic System Evaluation - Frontal Impact Heavy Trucks

J2418_201508 (Historical)

08/27/2015

This SAE Recommended Practice describes the test procedures for conducting frontal impact restraint tests for heavy truck applications. Its purpose is to establish recommended test procedures that will standardize restraint system testing for heavy trucks. Descriptions of the test set-up, test instrumentation, photographic/video coverage, and the test fixtures are included.

Truck Crashworthiness Committee

Automotive Speech Intelligibility Measurements

2015-01-233706/15/2015

Speech communication from the front seat to the rear seat in a passenger vehicle can be difficult. This is particularly true in a vehicle with an acoustically absorptive interior. Speech Transmission Index (STI) measurements can quantify the speech intelligibility, but they require specialized signal processing. The STI calculations can be simplified if it is assumed that reverberation and echoes play an insignificant role in an automobile. A simplification of a STI measurement is described that uses a stationary reference speech signal from a talker mannequin in the driver's seat to create a signal at the rear passenger positions. On-road noise measurements are used for the noise level and the calculated signal to noise ratio is used to calculate a simplified STI value that tracks closely to a full implementation of the STI method for sedans. In fact, this method is very similar to the techniques described in the Articulation Index (AI) and Speech Interference Index (SII) standards

Ebbitt, Gordon, Remtema, Todd

Occupant Restraint System Evaluation - Lateral Rollover System-Level Heavy Trucks

J2426_201506 (Historical)

06/04/2015

This SAE Recommended Practice describes the test procedures for conducting simulated dynamic lateral rollover restraint system tests for heavy truck applications. Its purpose is to establish recommended test procedures that will standardize restraint system testing for heavy trucks. Descriptions of the test set-up, test instrumentation, photographic/video coverage, and the test fixtures are included.

Truck Crashworthiness Committee

Improved Seat Belt Restraint Geometry for Frontal, Frontal Oblique and Rollover Incidents

2015-01-074004/14/2015

Throughout the first decade of the twenty first century, large improvements in occupant safety have been made in NASCAR®'s (National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing, Inc) race series. Enhancements to the occupant restraint system include the development and implementation of head and neck restraints, minimum performance requirements for belts and seats and the introduction of energy absorbing foam are a few highlights, among others. This paper discusses nineteen sled tests used to analyze hypothesized improvements to restraint system mounting geometry. The testing matrix included three sled acceleration profiles, three impact orientations, two Anthropomorphic Test Device (ATD) sizes as well as the restraint system design variables.

Patalak, John, Gideon, Thomas, Melvin, John W., Rains, Mike

The Influence of Body Mounted Shoulder Seat Belt Anchor (D-Ring) Displacement During Dynamic Vehicle-to-Ground Impacts

2015-01-175604/14/2015

For more than 30 years, field research and laboratory testing have consistently demonstrated that properly wearing a seat belt dramatically reduces the risk of occupant death or serious injury in motor vehicle crashes. In severe rollover crashes, deformation to vehicle body structures can relocate body-mounted seat belt anchors altering seat belt geometry. In particular, roof pillar mounted shoulder belt anchors (“D-rings”) are subject to vertical and lateral deformation in the vehicle coordinate system. The ROllover Component test System (ROCS) test device was utilized to evaluate seat belt system performance in simulated severe rollover roof-to-ground impacts. A mechanical actuator was designed to dynamically relocate the D-ring assembly during a roof-to-ground impact event in an otherwise rigid test vehicle fixture. Anthropomorphic test device (ATD) kinematics and kinetics and seat belt tensions were compared between tests with and without D-ring relocation. Results indicate that

Toomey, Daniel E., Marth, Debora R., Ballard, William G., Belwafa, Jamel E., Burnett, Roger, McCoy, Robert W.

Assessment of Compressive Thoracolumbar Injury Potential and Influence of Seat Cushions on Vertical Impact Loading of a Seated Occupant

2015-01-915104/01/2015

Thoracolumbar vertebral fractures are most commonly due to compressive loading modes and associated with falls from height. Two injury metrics are generally referenced for assessing the potential for compressive thoracolumbar injury; the Dynamic Response Index (DRI) and the compressive load measured between the pelvis and lumbar spine using the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) title 49 part 572 subpart B anthropomorphic test device (ATD). This study utilizes an ATD to investigate the injury mitigation potential of a variety of seat cushions during vertical impact in an unrestrained seated posture. ATD responses and DRI are reported for 65 vertical impacts with and without cushions from heights between 4 and 80 inches. The cushions investigated reduced ATD peak pelvic acceleration 63 +/− 11% and compressive lumbar load 42 +/− 9% on average. Results indicate a drop height of approximately 19 inches onto a rigid surface will generate ATD lumbar loads of 1500 lbs, whereas drop heights of

Winkel, Eric S., Toomey, Daniel E., Taylor, Robert

Moving Rigid Barrier Collision Tests

J972_201503 (Current)03/13/2015

Collision tests are conducted on automotive vehicles to obtain information of value in evaluation of structural integrity and in reducing the risk of occupant injuries. The deformation resulting from a moving rigid barrier impact is more severe at a given speed than that produced by using an actual vehicle, but is more readily reproducible than that occurring during vehicle to vehicle impacts. The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to establish sufficient standardization of such moving barriers and moving barrier collision methods so that results of tests conducted at different facilities may be compared.

Impact and Rollover Test Procedures Standards Committee

Non-Toxic, Anti-Corrosive, Crystalline Waterproofing Material

TBMG-1767811/01/2013

This product is an efficient concrete waterproofing solution. The crystalline, anti-corrosive material features a patented eka-molecular-sieve structure. The cement-based material works with the matrix of cement and water to create crystals that block the pores and capillaries in the concrete, making it impervious to water and corrosives. The material cures within 24 hours without any special ventilation. It continues to penetrate into the substrate as long as water is present. It will lay dormant in the substrate for years without the presence of water; however, if water attempts to enter at a future date through hairline cracks, the chemicals once again will become active and block the passage of water, creating a self-healing capability.

Event Data Recorder - Compliance Assessment

J1698/3_201306 (Historical)06/13/2013

This SAE Recommended Practice defines procedures that may be used to validate that relevant EDR output records conform with the reporting requirements specified in Part 563, Table 1 during the course of FMVSS-208, FMVSS-214 and other applicable vehicle level crash testing.

Event Data Recorder Committee

Items per page:

1 – 50 of 141